Kehra is a town in Anija Parish , Harju County , Estonia , best known for its pulp and paper mill . The town stands on the banks of the Jägala River , and it has a station on the Tallinn–Narva railway . As of January 1, 2023, the town had a population of 2,694.
104-520: The village of Kehra , the town's namesake, was first mentioned in the Danish Census Book as Ketheræ in 1241 . Before 1688, the village had also been referred to as Kecere, Kecnere, Kedere, Kederikull, Kedder, Keyher, Kether, Kädder(e) and Keddar . The village was known as both Kehrakyla and Käihra in 1688, and as Kehra in 1732 Kehra Manor , the town's predecessor, was first established sometime between 1624 and 1637, one kilometer south of
208-668: A Baltic empire centred on the Gulf of Finland and comprising the provinces of Karelia , Ingria , Estonia , and Livonia . During the Thirty Years' War Sweden gained tracts in Germany as well, including Western Pomerania , Wismar , the Duchy of Bremen , and Verden . During the same period, Sweden conquered Danish and Norwegian provinces north of the Sound (1645; 1658). These victories may be ascribed to
312-684: A Norwegian front but was killed in the Siege of Fredriksten in 1718. The war ended with the defeat of Sweden, leaving Russia as the new dominant power in the Baltic region and as a new major force in European politics. The Western powers, Great Britain and France , became caught up in the separate War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), which broke out over the Bourbon Philip of Anjou 's succession to
416-508: A Russian galley fleet made a lightning raid on Borgå and managed to return to Kronslot just one day before the Swedish battle fleet returned to the blockade, after being delayed by unfavourable winds. In August 1708, a Swedish army of 12,000 men under General Georg Henrik Lybecker attacked Ingria , crossing the Neva from the north. They met stubborn resistance, ran out of supplies and, after reaching
520-453: A Swedish ally, though this proved hard to achieve. After years of marches and fighting around Poland he finally had to invade Augustus' hereditary Saxony to take him out of the war. In the treaty of Altranstädt (1706) , Augustus was finally forced to step down from the Polish throne, but Charles had already lost the valuable advantage of time over his main enemy in the east, Peter I, who then had
624-413: A borough on October 24, 1991. Jüri Lillsoo was the head of the borough ( Estonian : alevivanem ) between 1991 and 1993. When Kehra became a town in 1993, he continued on as a mayor and retained that position until Kehra became a part of Anija parish in 2002. Estonian Prime Minister Jüri Ratas has said that "Anija parish is a good example of strong cooperation between local governments", and that "As
728-463: A class IV railway station in 1922 and a class III station in 1927. First Estonian Division used the station as their headquarters in late 1918 and early 1919, during the Estonian War of Independence . The Battle of Kehra took place in the nearby village of Vikipalu on January 4, 1919, being one of the decisive battles of the war of independence. In fall 1936, a railway branch was built to connect
832-565: A concept shared by most major powers of the period. The cost of the warfare proved to be much higher than the occupied countries could fund, and Sweden's coffers and resources in manpower were eventually drained in the course of long conflicts. The foreign interventions in Russia during the Time of Troubles resulted in Swedish gains in the Treaty of Stolbovo (1617). The treaty deprived Russia of direct access to
936-483: A first-hand account. According to the official list of schools in the Estonian Governorate in 1886, the school was founded in 1848. The school was located on the land of the current Koolitoa property in the village of Kehra. A new building was built for the school on the same property in 1878, because the previous building was in a bad state. According to Gustav Vilbaste, the school's teacher between 1904 and 1913,
1040-480: A living environment, Anija parish is excellent". There are five neighborhoods in Kehra: Keskus, Vana-asula, Uusasula, Ülejõe, and Põrgupõhja. The oldest parts of the town are Keskus and Vanaasula, which were already inhabited before the manor was built between 1624 and 1637. The railway was built in 1870 and it split off the current Vanaasula from the rest of the manor. The manor started expanding westwards around
1144-622: A now destroyed building on the Anija road. The construction of the pulp mill and the nearby apartment buildings was conducted between 1937 and 1938. The district is bordered by the village of Kehra and its fields to the north, the Jägala River to the east, the Tallinn–Narva railway to the south, and the highway from Kose to Jägala to the west. Historically, the district's land was covered by Karukopli and Karukse meadows, which were separated by
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#17328908125351248-652: A prolonged struggle with Augustus II the Strong ; he had already inflicted defeat on him at Riga in June 1701 and took Warsaw the following year, but trying to force a decisive defeat proved elusive. Russia left Poland in the spring of 1706, abandoning artillery but escaping from the pursuing Swedes, who stopped at Pinsk . Charles wanted not just to defeat the Commonwealth army but to depose Augustus, whom he regarded as especially treasonous, and have him replaced with someone who would be
1352-407: A storehouse was located just south of the current Raja street and an inn was located just north of the street. A Baptist place of worship was built on top of the remains of the inn at the beginning of the 20th century. The oldest houses south of the pulp mill were also built in the beginning of the 20th century, according to maps and the building register. Between 1919 and 1939, Kehra school operated in
1456-529: A well-trained army, which despite its comparatively small size, was far more professional than most continental armies, and also to a modernization of administration (both civilian and military) in the course of the 17th century, which enabled the monarchy to harness the resources of the country and its empire effectively. Fighting in the field, the Swedish army (which during the Thirty Years' War contained more German and Scottish mercenaries than ethnic Swedes, but
1560-501: Is bordered by the Kose road to the west and south, Jägala River to the east, and Tallinn-Narva railway to the north. The village of Jaunack , which was located near the mouth of the Aavoja river , and Kehra mill, which was located near the current car bridge, were first mentioned in the Swedish land audit of 1564–1565. Other nearby land was mostly covered by fields and forests. On a 1856 map,
1664-530: Is often unclear as Swedish cavalry was used as heavy shock cavalry yet was unarmoured. ** The Saxon army and corresponding militia does not have full details available. Frederik IV of Denmark–Norway directed his first attack against Sweden's ally Holstein-Gottorp . In March 1700, a Danish army laid siege to Tönning . Simultaneously, Augustus II 's forces advanced through Swedish Livonia , captured Dünamünde and laid siege to Riga . Charles XII of Sweden first focused on attacking Denmark. The Swedish navy
1768-447: The Repel parish ( Estonian : Rebala muinaskihelkond ) and had a size of 10 oxgangs ( Estonian : adramaa , German : hakken ). Half of the village belonged to Lambertus and the other half to Stenhackær . The village was baptized either in 1219 or 1220, likely at the same time as the villages of Saunja , Soodla , Aavere , Anija , Kõlu, Pirsu, Kihmla , and Parila . In 1249,
1872-616: The Baltic Sea . Russian fortunes began to reverse in the final years of the 17th century, notably with the rise to power of Peter the Great , who looked to address the earlier losses and re-establish a Baltic presence. In the late 1690s, the adventurer Johann Patkul managed to ally Russia with Denmark and Saxony by the secret Treaty of Preobrazhenskoye , and in 1700 the three powers attacked. Charles XII of Sweden succeeded Charles XI of Sweden in 1697, aged 14. From his predecessor, he took over
1976-802: The First Battle of Narva where the Russians suffered a crushing defeat. After the dissolution of the first coalition through the peace of Travendal and with the victory at Narva, the Swedish chancellor, Benedict Oxenstjerna , attempted to use the bidding for the favour of Sweden by France and the Maritime Powers (then on the eve of the War of the Spanish Succession ) to end the war and make Charles an arbiter of Europe. Charles XII then turned south to meet Augustus II , Elector of Saxony , King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania . The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2080-565: The Jägala River , killing most of fishes downstream from the mill. The pulp mill's chimney, dam and other parts were destroyed by the red army on August 21, 1941. The chimney was rebuilt during the German occupation in October 1942, and the mill started operating again in the summer of 1943. The Germans wanted to destroy the pulp mill in September 1944, before leaving Kehra, but did not succeed. During
2184-748: The Spanish throne and a possible joining of France and Spain. The formal conclusion of the Great Northern War came with the Swedish-Hanoverian and Swedish-Prussian Treaties of Stockholm (1719), the Dano-Swedish Treaty of Frederiksborg (1720), and the Russo-Swedish Treaty of Nystad (1721). By these treaties Sweden ceded its exemption from the Sound Dues and lost the Baltic provinces and
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#17328908125352288-459: The St. Petersburg - Tallinn - Paldiski railway was agreed upon by 1862, and it was built between 1869 and 1870. Kehra station was opened in 1872. The railway approximately divided the lands of the manor and the village, and roughly followed the old winter road between Kehra and Aegviidu . The initial station building was located closer to the river than the current one. It was demolished in the first half of
2392-568: The Ukrainian Hetman Ivan Mazepa (1708–1710). The Ottoman Empire temporarily hosted Charles XII of Sweden and intervened against Peter I. The war began when an alliance of Denmark–Norway , Saxony and Russia , sensing an opportunity as Sweden was ruled by the young Charles XII, declared war on the Swedish Empire and launched a threefold attack on Swedish Holstein-Gottorp, Swedish Livonia , and Swedish Ingria . Sweden parried
2496-480: The 17th century. By 1660s, Kehra manor owned all the nearby lands, including Kehra. The manor's lands were ravaged by the bubonic plague in 1710 and 1711, only 14 out of the previous 146 inhabitants survived. The population recovered to pre-plague levels in approximately 40 years. By 1856, Kehra had transformed from a clustered settlement to a linear settlement. Notable people that were born or lived in Kehra include
2600-431: The 1950s and 1960s. The apartment buildings in the nearby Lehtmetsa village were built between 1972 and 1988. The current Kehra Gymnasium building was built in 1961. Kehra sports complex was opened in 2003. The pulp mill club was demolished in 2013. The district is bordered by Keskuse street and Kose road to the north, Jägala river to the east, Lehtmetsa village to the south of Aiandi street, and Kose-Jägala highway to
2704-529: The 20th century. The current train station building was first alleged to have been built between 1876 and 1878, after Kehra became a class V railway station in 1876, but newer data suggests that the train station was built in 1896 instead. It is a single-story historistic red brick building with a half-hip roof . Similar buildings used to exist in Kohtla-Nõmme and Auvere , one still exists in Lehtse . Kehra became
2808-562: The Danish and Russian attacks at Travendal (August 1700) and Narva (November 1700) respectively, and in a counter-offensive pushed Augustus II's forces through the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to Saxony, dethroning Augustus on the way (September 1706) and forcing him to acknowledge defeat in the Treaty of Altranstädt (October 1706). The treaty also secured the extradition and execution of Johann Reinhold Patkul , architect of
2912-572: The German occupation, a POW camp was established to restore the destroyed pulp mill. It was likely a subsidiary of the Tapa POW camp. According to Arthur Puksov, the director of the mill at the time, the prisoners were treated well. According to German records, around 100 prisoners died due to illnesses between 1941 and 1942, and 11 were shot on escape. The camp operated until September 18, 1944. Eight camp officials were convicted in 1945 and one in 1966. After
3016-494: The Great in Rawa Ruska in September 1698, where the plans to attack Sweden were made, became legendary for its decadence. Frederick IV of Denmark -Norway, another cousin of Charles XII, succeeded Christian V in 1699 and continued his anti-Swedish policies. After the setbacks of 1700, he focused on transforming his state, an absolute monarchy, in a manner similar to Charles XI of Sweden. He did not achieve his main goal: to regain
3120-501: The Gulf of Finland west of Kronstadt, had to be evacuated by sea between 10 and 17 October. Over 11,000 men were evacuated but more than 5000 horses were slaughtered, which crippled the mobility and offensive capability of the Swedish army in Finland for several years. Peter I took advantage of this by redeploying a large number of men from Ingria to Ukraine . Charles spent the years 1702–06 in
3224-400: The Neva with 4,000 troops and defeated an opposing Russian force, but made no move on Saint Petersburg. Later in the autumn Peter I led an army of 20,000 men in an attempt to take the Swedish town and fortress of Viborg . However, bad roads proved impassable to his heavy siege guns. The troops, who arrived on 12 October, therefore had to abandon the siege after only a few days. On 12 May 1708,
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3328-633: The Ottoman town of Bender . The Ottoman Empire defeated the Russian-Moldavian army in the Pruth River Campaign , but that peace treaty was in the end without great consequence to Russia's position. After Poltava, the anti-Swedish coalition revived and subsequently Hanover and Prussia joined it. The remaining Swedish forces in plague-stricken areas south and east of the Baltic Sea were evicted, with
3432-574: The Polish sejm to replace him with Stanislaus Leszczyński in 1704. August II resisted, still possessing control of his native Saxony, but was decisively defeated at the Battle of Fraustadt in 1706, a battle sometimes compared to the Ancient Battle of Cannae due to the Swedish forces' use of double envelopment , with a deadly result for the Saxon army. In 1706, after a Swedish invasion of Saxony , August II
3536-507: The Russian fortifications held. In 1705, repeated Swedish attacks were made against Russian fortifications in the area, to little effect. A major attack on 15 July 1705 ended in the deaths of more than 500 Swedish men, or a third of its forces. In view of continued failure to check Russian consolidation, and with declining manpower, Sweden opted to blockade Saint Petersburg in 1705. In the summer of 1706, Swedish General Georg Johan Maidel crossed
3640-400: The Strong , elector of Saxony and another cousin of Charles XII, gained the Polish crown after the death of King John III Sobieski in 1696. His ambitions to transform the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth into an absolute monarchy were not realized due to the zealous nature of the Polish nobility and the previously initiated laws that decreased the power of the monarch. His meeting with Peter
3744-461: The Swedish Empire as an absolute monarch. Charles XI had tried to keep the empire out of wars, and concentrated on inner reforms such as reduction and allotment , which had strengthened the monarch's status and the empire's military abilities. Charles XII refrained from all kinds of luxury and alcohol and usage of the French language, since he considered these things decadent and superfluous. He preferred
3848-460: The Swedish fortress of Nyen , guarding the mouth of the River Neva . Thanks to General Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt , whose outnumbered forces fended the Russians off in the battles of Gemäuerthof and Jakobstadt , Sweden was able to maintain control of most of its Baltic provinces. Before going to war, Peter had made preparations for a navy and a modern-style army, based primarily on infantry drilled in
3952-452: The Swedish heir since 1702. He claimed the throne upon Charles XII's death in 1718, but was supplanted by Ulrike Eleonora . Charles Frederick was married to a daughter of Peter I, Anna Petrovna . Ivan Mazepa was a Ukrainian Cossack hetman who fought for Russia but defected to Charles XII in 1708. Mazepa died in 1709 in Ottoman exile. Peter the Great became Tsar in 1682 upon the death of his elder brother Feodor but did not become
4056-475: The actual ruler until 1689. He commenced reforming the country, turning the Russian tsardom into a modernized empire relying on trade and on a strong, professional army and navy. He greatly expanded the size of Russia during his reign while providing access to the Baltic, Black, and Caspian seas. Beside Peter, the principal Russian commanders were Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov and Boris Sheremetev . Augustus II
4160-492: The alleged Karukse stream. Most of the apartment buildings in the district were built between 1953 and 1991, according to the building register. The Stalinist buildings next to the Kose road were built between 1953 and 1958, including the pulp mill club. The apartment buildings on Aia street and Kooli 12 were built between 1962 and 1966. The apartment buildings on Kooli and Keskuse streets were built between 1968 and 1991. The residential buildings on Kooli street were mostly built in
4264-545: The alliance in 1700 and 1706 respectively, but rejoined it in 1709 after the defeat of Charles XII at the Battle of Poltava . George I of Great Britain and the Electorate of Hanover joined the coalition in 1714 for Hanover and in 1717 for Britain, and Frederick William I of Brandenburg-Prussia joined it in 1715. Charles XII led the Swedish army. Swedish allies included Holstein-Gottorp , several Polish magnates under Stanislaus I Leszczyński (1704–1710) and Cossacks under
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4368-520: The alliance seven years earlier. Meanwhile, the forces of Peter I had recovered from defeat at Narva and gained ground in Sweden's Baltic provinces, where they cemented Russian access to the Baltic Sea by founding Saint Petersburg in 1703. Charles XII moved from Saxony into Russia to confront Peter, but the campaign ended in 1709 with the destruction of the main Swedish army at the decisive Battle of Poltava (in present-day Ukraine ) and Charles' exile in
4472-462: The building to the town for 33 604 Estonian kroons . Anija Parish and non-profit organization Kehra Raudteejaam entered into a usufruct agreement regarding the building in February 2010. Kehra Museum has operated in the building since February 12, 2018, and a pizza shop has operated in the eastern part of the building since August 1, 2018. The building was fully renovated by 2019. Mustjõe station
4576-443: The current Kreutzwaldi street. The manor's granary was built in 1876, the grain dryer in 1912, and the stables in 1914. Currently, Kehra ait, the cultural center, and sewing factory are located in these buildings, respectively. The agricultural society gained full ownership of the manor in 1914. Marie Ulrich continued to live in the manor until she died on June 27, 1926. The manor was nationalized on May 7, 1926. The state manor drained
4680-400: The district to other parts of Kehra. The northern bridge is next to the railway bridge and is more used, while the southern bridge connects the district to the local stadium. Ülejõe village is located 300 meters north from the railway crossing. The district is bordered by the Jägala River to the west and south, Tallinn-Narva railway to the north, and forest to the east. A car bridge over
4784-423: The end of the 19th century. Kehra park lies to the south of the manor. The current elementary school was built in 1939. The current local government building was built in 1975 to accommodate students. The pharmacy and the medical center were built in 1989. The local EEKB congregation building was built in 1990 as a canteen-office for the local sovkhoz . The congregation acquired the building in 1995. The district
4888-678: The following: Great Northern War The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern , Central and Eastern Europe . The initial leaders of the anti-Swedish alliance were Peter I of Russia, Frederick IV of Denmark–Norway and Augustus II the Strong of Saxony – Poland–Lithuania . Frederick IV and Augustus II were defeated by Sweden, under Charles XII , and forced out of
4992-642: The former eastern Danish provinces lost to Sweden in the course of the 17th century. He was not able to keep northern Swedish Pomerania, Danish from 1712 to 1715. He did put an end to the Swedish threat south of Denmark. He ended Sweden's exemption from the Sound Dues (transit taxes/tariffs on cargo moved between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea). Frederick William I entered the war as elector of Brandenburg and king in Prussia —the royal title had been secured in 1701. He
5096-433: The future Kehra pulp mill to the main railway. On March 25, 1949, 801 people were deported to Siberia from the station, of whom 108 were from the former Anija Parish . The station building was elongated in both directions in 1961 and was renovated in 1963. The current pedestrian railway crossing was closed to cars when the construction of Kose - Jägala highway was finished in 1972. The railway between Kehra and Tallinn
5200-456: The last city, Tallinn , falling in the autumn of 1710. The coalition members partitioned most of the Swedish dominions among themselves, destroying the Swedish dominium maris baltici . Sweden proper was invaded from the west by Denmark–Norway and from the east by Russia, which had occupied Finland by 1714. Sweden defeated the Danish invaders at the Battle of Helsingborg . Charles XII opened up
5304-612: The life of an ordinary soldier on horseback, not that of contemporary baroque courts. He determinedly pursued his goal of dethroning his adversaries, whom he considered unworthy of their thrones due to broken promises, thereby refusing to take several chances to make peace. During the war, the most important Swedish commanders besides Charles XII were his close friend Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld , also Magnus Stenbock and Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt . Charles Frederick , son of Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (a cousin of Charles XII) and Hedvig Sophia , daughter of Charles XI of Sweden, had been
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#17328908125355408-538: The manor to his daughter, Margarethe Gertrude Henriette von Ulrich. Her daughter, Marie Jeanette Katharina von Ulrich, inherited the manor in 1904, when her mother died. Marie Ulrich gave control of the manor's economic side to the Estonian Agricultural Society ( Estonian : Eestimaa Põllumajanduse Selts ) at the end of the 19th century. The manor started expanding westwards, to the other side of
5512-538: The manor was sold to the pulp mill . Kehra agricultural specialty school ( Estonian : Kehra põllumajandusliku kallakuga täienduskool ) was opened in 1939. Harjumaa Folk University ( Estonian : Harjumaa Rahvaülikool ), headed by Johan Ümarik , started operating in Kehra Manor on February 26, 1930. The curriculum was diverse, some lectures had over 100 spectators, most of them locals. The university moved to Ravila in fall 1932, due to better conditions. The school
5616-405: The mill in June 1995 and the factory was renamed to Horizon Pulp & Paper Ltd. The mill started producing the well-known "Daisy" tissue paper on June 4, 1998. Lennart Meri visited Kehra on the same day. Tolaram Group became a 100% shareholder of the mill in 2008. After village councils ( Estonian : külanõukogud ) were abolished in the newly independent Estonia , Kehra was re-established as
5720-448: The mill produced 55 000 tons of cellulose , 48 500 tons of paper , 120 million paper bags , 450 tons of adhesive tape , and 400 tons of crêpe paper . The mill had 1065 workers, of whom 270 were Estonian. After Estonia regained independence, the mill became known as Kehra Paber . The production halted on November 13, 1992, due to breakage in the recovery boiler. The company declared bankruptcy on March 1, 1993. Tolaram Group acquired
5824-482: The mouth of the Aavoja river, near the village of Jaunack . The mill in its original location was demolished in 1936 to make room for the pulp mill that was going to be built. Karukse mill ( Karockas quarn) was likely located around 20–50 meters upstream from the current medical center, near the mouth of the hypothetical Karukse stream and was demolished at an undetermined time. The fief on which Kehra Manor would be built
5928-457: The nearby wetlands and distributed the land to people for building and farming. The manor was sold to the pulp mill in 1937. On August 3, 1940, Kehra sovkhoz was formed to replace the state manor. When German forces occupied Kehra, the sovkhoz became the state manor again. On April 18, 1945, the state manor was converted back into a sovkhoz one last time. Now under the Soviet rule, the manor building
6032-415: The new, four-story building on Kooli street. The previous school building became a dormitory for the students. A new dormitory was built in 1975, and the elementary school started operating in the now free rooms. Since 1988, the school has had 12 grades. The dormitory was closed in 1998, and its rooms are currently occupied by the local government . The school became a gymnasium in 2007. The gymnasium building
6136-498: The parish, including people from the Kehra area. The first school in the village of Kehra was established in 1738, and it operated inconsistently. It is claimed that in 1785, Kehra school was the worst school in Harju-Jaani parish, and by 1787, it had ceased operations, as had several other schools in the parish. The first school that started operating consistently was opened in fall 1850, a few days before St. Martin's Day , according to
6240-480: The resulting establishment became known as Kehra Tselluloosi- ja Paberikombinaadi lastepäevakodu . The local sovkhoz opened kindergarten Lepatriinu on March 1, 1980, in Lehtmetsa village . The pulp mill's kindergarten was temporarily closed in 1992 because the pulp mill went bankrupt. The pulp mill's kindergarten became known as Lastetare in 1995. Currently both kindergartens are operated by Anija parish . The route of
6344-498: The river is planned to be built between 2024 and 2026. The first property on the land of the district existed by 1870 and was known as Selja renditalu . Before the large scale development of the district began in 1956, only two more properties were built - Nurme and Lehtmetsa. The land was mostly covered with sparse spruce forest. Kehra (village) Kehra is a village in Anija Parish , Harju County , Estonia , just north of
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#17328908125356448-513: The same time. Construction of the pulp mill began in 1936 and brought along large scale development of Kehra. Most of the buildings in Uusasula were built between 1953 and 1991. Construction in the Põrgupõhja district began in 1956. Ülejõe district was supposed to become a summer resort area and the houses were built between 1932 and 1969. According to the Swedish land audit of 1564–1565, Karukse mill
6552-420: The school had five grades, and six grades since 1930. On October 8, 1939, the school started operating in the newly built property on Kreutzwaldi street, where the elementary school currently operates. The school became an incomplete middle school ( Estonian : mittetäielik keskkool ) in 1944, and a middle school in 1946. Russian grades were opened in 1947. On October 8, 1961, the school started operating in
6656-416: The school had three grades and around 30-50 students. The school became a four grade school in 1918 due to a nation-wide school reform. On November 1, 1919, the school moved and started operating just north of the current train station, on the current property of Anija maantee 2. The building was made out of wood and had two stories. It was built in 1914 and destroyed during the second world war . Since 1928,
6760-514: The school started operating in Kehra . The village's population has mostly stayed between 130 and 200 since the 13th century. In 1565 the village was 13 oxgangs in size. The village was practically uninhabited after the Polish–Swedish war in 1615, while the nearby villages of Jaunack and Karrock remained practically untouched. The village recovered from the demographic crisis by the second half of
6864-414: The school was renamed to Kehra School of Fine Arts ( Estonian : Kehra Kunstidekool ). The whole school started operating in the same building as the elementary school in 2013. The first kindergarten started operating in Kehra Manor in 1946. It was operated by the pulp mill . A new building for the kindergarten was built on Laste street in 1954. The kindergarten and the local nursery were merged in 1972,
6968-499: The second world war . According to the district's plan from 1935, 28 plots of land were allocated for building, but those were split into smaller plots during the Soviet occupation . According to the same plan, there should have been more houses between Lõhmuse street and the river , sporting facilities and shops near the current stadium, and a bridge over the river between Kalda and Kase streets. There are two suspension bridges that connect
7072-693: The southern part of Swedish Pomerania . The peace treaties also ended its alliance with Holstein-Gottorp. Hanover gained Bremen-Verden , Brandenburg-Prussia incorporated the Oder estuary ( Stettin Lagoons ), Russia secured the Baltic Provinces , and Denmark strengthened its position in Schleswig-Holstein . In Sweden, the absolute monarchy had come to an end with the death of Charles XII, and Sweden's Age of Liberty began. Between 1560 and 1658, Sweden created
7176-405: The station building and the current pedestrian railway crossing. Trains started servicing them on December 5, 2011. The old waiting platform was demolished shortly after. Elektriraudtee AS gained ownership of the station building after Estonia became independent and started selling train tickets there. In November 1997, the sale of tickets moved onto trains, and on April 13, 1998, the company sold
7280-403: The time to recover and build up an army that was both new and better. At this point, in 1707, Peter offered to return everything he had so far occupied (essentially Ingria) except Saint Petersburg and the line of the Neva, to avoid a full-scale war, but Charles XII refused. Instead he initiated a march from Saxony to invade Russia . Though his primary goal was Moscow, the strength of his forces
7384-426: The town of Kehra . The village stands on the left bank of the Jägala River . As of August 1, 2020, the village had a population of 29. The Matsi Arboretum is located in the village. The arboretum was established in 1965 by Olaf Schmeidt . As of the 2010s, there are over 270 species (over 360 taxons) of trees and shrubs. Kehra was first mentioned in the Danish Census Book as Ketheræ in 1241 . Before 1688,
7488-417: The use of firearms. The Nyen fortress was soon abandoned and demolished by Peter, who built nearby a superior fortress as a beginning to the city of Saint Petersburg . By 1704, other fortresses were situated on the island of Kotlin and the sand flats to its south. These became known as Kronstadt and Kronslot. The Swedes attempted a raid on the Neva fort on 13 July 1704 with ships and landing armies, but
7592-421: The village of Kehra uncovered a treasure containing 421 silver coins , most recent of which was minted in 978 AD. Out of the 421 coins, 411 were Samanid , 5 Byzantine , 3 German , 1 Anglo-Saxon , and 1 Bohemian . Remains of iron tools and pieces of earthenware were also found nearby. Based on this, it is speculated that the village of Kehra was settled at latest by the 11th century. The village of Kehra
7696-468: The village was also referred to as Kecere, Kecnere, Kedere, Kederikull, Kedder, Keyher, Kether, Kädder(e) , and Keddar . The village was known as both Kehrakyla and Käihra in 1688, and as Kehra in 1732 The following Estonian words are speculated to be the origin of the name Kehra : In 1940, excavations on the Andevei property uncovered a treasure containing 421 silver coins , most recent of which
7800-414: The village. Initially it was known as Karrock Manor ( Estonian : Karukse mõis ), later as Jaunack Manor ( Estonian : Jaunaku mõis ), and by 1688 as Kedder Manor. The name stuck around until Estonia first became independent and place names were estonianized . The following Estonian words are speculated to be the origins of the name Kehra: In 1940, excavations on the Andevei property in
7904-426: The villages of Saunja , Soodla , Aavere , Anija , Kõlu, Pirsu, Kihmla , and Parila . In 1249, Kehra and Paasiku villages were given to the bishop of Tallinn , whose successors later founded Fegefyr Manor ( Estonian : Kiviloo mõis ). According to the Swedish land audit of 1564–1565, the village of Kehra was part of Kiviloo Manor and had a size of 13 oxgangs. The village of Jaunack ( Janakas, Jannikkas )
8008-529: The villages of Kehra and Paasiku were given to the bishop of Tallinn , whose successors later founded the Fegefyr manor ( Estonian : Kiviloo mõis ). According to the Swedish land audit of 1564–1565, Kehra was part of the Kiviloo manor and had a size of 13 oxgangs. Kehra mill ( Kedder quarn ), located 100 meters upstream from the current car bridge, in the north-eastern corner of the current pulp and paper mill ,
8112-483: The war against the only hostile power remaining, Tsar Peter's Russia. The Battle of Narva dealt a severe setback to Peter the Great , but the shift of Charles XII's army to the Polish-Saxon threat soon afterward provided him with an opportunity to regroup and regain territory in the Baltic provinces. Russian victories at Erastfer and Nöteborg (Shlisselburg) provided access to Ingria in 1703, where Peter captured
8216-573: The war in August 1700 according to the terms of the Peace of Travendal . Charles XII was now able to speedily deploy his army to the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea and face his remaining enemies: besides the army of Augustus II in Livonia, an army of Russian tsar Peter I was already on its way to invade Swedish Ingria , where it laid siege to Narva in October. In November, the Russian and Swedish armies met at
8320-409: The war, the pulp mill produced electricity for Tallinn and heated buildings in Kehra. By 1955, the pulp mill had reached pre-war production level and started producing kraft paper . The mill started producing sewn paper sacks in 1957 and glued paper sacks in 1962. The pulp mill began treating its wastewater biologically in 1977, which significantly improved the condition of the Jägala River . In 1988,
8424-442: The west. New buildings are planned on Aia street and a new residential area is planned south of the local rescue squad building, between Kooli street and the highway. In the early 1930s, there were plans to build a summer resort area on the opposite side of the river from Kehra Manor in an area then known as Kopli mets . The first houses were built in 1932 and the last one was built in 1969. The apartment buildings were built before
8528-1141: Was able to mobilize a larger army but could not put all of it into action simultaneously. The Russian mobilization system was ineffective and the expanding nation needed to be defended in many locations. A grand mobilization covering Russia's vast territories would have been unrealistic. Peter I tried to raise his army's morale to Swedish levels. Denmark contributed 20,000 men in their invasion of Holstein-Gottorp and more on other fronts. Poland and Saxony together could mobilize at least 100,000 men. 33,456 musketeers 19,584 pikemen 6,528 grenadiers 8,400 militia 1,200 naval infantry 1,540 grenadiers 9,600 militia (768 grenadiers) 150 halberdiers 1,500 grenadiers cavalry 100 Horse drabants 15,000 heavy cavalry 1,800 noble cavalry 402 horse guards 57 drabant guard 4,556 line cavalry 2,800 pancerni 2,200 heavy cavalry 1,800 cuirassiers 4,000 baltic militia dragoons 20,000 Ukrainian cossacks 15,000 Zaporozhian cossacks 15,000 Don Cossacks 804 militia dragoons 1,710 light cavalry 32,400 cavalry 63,351 cavalry 13,723 cavalry 12,810 cavalry * The difference between heavy and other cavalry
8632-533: Was able to outmaneuver the Danish Sound blockade and deploy an army near the Danish capital, Copenhagen . At the same time, a combined Anglo-Dutch fleet had also set course towards Denmark. Together with the Swedish fleet, they carried out a bombardment of Copenhagen from 20 to 26 July. This surprise move and pressure by the Maritime Powers ( England and the Dutch Republic ) forced Denmark–Norway to withdraw from
8736-533: Was administered by the Swedish Crown ) was able, in particular, to make quick, sustained marches across large tracts of land and to maintain a high rate of small arms fire due to proficient military drill . However, the Swedish state ultimately proved unable to support and maintain its army in a prolonged war. Campaigns on the continent had been proposed on the basis that the army would be financially self-supporting through plunder and taxation of newly gained land,
8840-557: Was also a part of the manor. Von Elverings regained ownership of the manor after the Great Northern War , but were forced to sell it in 1760 to cover debts. Von Breverns, the new owners, lent the manor to Friedrich August von Maydell in the spring of 1820, who subsequently bought it. The manor was rebuilt in the 1820s and is still standing. In 1847, the manor was sold to Dietrich Johann Georg von Tiesenhausen, who sold it to Alexander Georg Matthias von Essen in 1855. In 1864, he gifted
8944-399: Was also mentioned in the same audit. It was demolished in 1936. The first school in the village was established in 1738 but it operated inconsistently. The first school that started operating consistently was opened in fall 1850, a few days before St. Martin's Day , according to a first-hand account. According to the official list of schools in the Estonian Governorate in 1886, the school
9048-485: Was crushingly defeated by a larger Russian force under Peter in the Battle of Poltava and fled to the Ottoman Empire while the remains of his army surrendered at Perevolochna . This shattering defeat in 1709 did not end the war, although it decided it. Denmark and Saxony joined the war again and Augustus the Strong, through the politics of Boris Kurakin , regained the Polish throne. Peter continued his campaigns in
9152-681: Was determined to gain the Oder estuary with its access to the Baltic Sea for the Brandenburgian core areas, which had been a state goal for centuries . George I of the House of Hanover , elector of Hanover and, since 1714, king of Great Britain and of Ireland, took the opportunity to connect his landlocked German electorate to the North Sea . In 1700, Charles XII had a standing army of 77,000 men (based on annual training). By 1707 this number had swollen to at least 120,000 despite casualties. Russia
9256-400: Was electrified in 1973, and a new waiting platform was built 200 meters towards Tallinn from the former station. The railway between Kehra and Aegviidu was electrified in 1978. The second pair of rails between Raasiku and Kehra was laid in 1985 and was electrified in 1986. In fall 2002, half of the waiting platform was demolished and never rebuilt. The new waiting platforms were built between
9360-496: Was established as a music school ( Estonian : Kehra Laste-Muusikakool ) on August 16, 1962. It operated in the gymnasium building. In 1970, one part of the arts school was moved to the pulp mill club and the other part to the basement of the Spordi 3 property. The school gained three rooms in the current elementary school in 1975. The school started teaching visual arts in 1989. In 1990, the entire school moved to Kose maantee 22. In 1991,
9464-405: Was first mentioned in the Danish Census Book in 1241. According to the book, the village was a part of the Repel parish ( Estonian : Rebala muinaskihelkond ) and had a size of 10 oxgangs ( Estonian : adramaa , German : hakken ). Half of the village belonged to Lambertus and the other half to Stenhackær . The village was baptized either in 1219 or 1220, likely at the same time as
9568-447: Was first mentioned in the same audit. It was near the mouth of the Aavoja river and had a size of two oxgangs. Kehra and Karrock mills were also first mentioned in the same audit. Kehra mill ( Kedder quarn ) was located 100 meters upstream from the current car bridge, in the north-eastern corner of the current pulp and paper mill . For some time around the end of the 17th century, the mill was temporarily located 100 meters upstream from
9672-459: Was first mentioned on the Estonian topographic map of 1935. An oxygen factory started operating there in 1937. The station ceased operating at some point and was reopened in 1978, when the railway was electrified. Lahinguvälja station was opened in 1939, near the place, where the battle of Kehra took place. The station was renamed to Vikipalu in 1957 and back to Lahinguvälja in 2009. Parila station
9776-414: Was forced to sign the Treaty of Altranstädt in which he made peace with the Swedish Empire, renounced his claims to the Polish crown, accepted Stanislaus Leszczyński as king, and ended his alliance with Russia. Patkul was also extradited and executed by breaking on the wheel in 1707, an incident which, given his diplomatic immunity, infuriated opinion against the Swedish king, who was then expected to win
9880-463: Was formally neutral at this point, as Augustus started the war as an Elector of Saxony. Disregarding Polish negotiation proposals supported by the Swedish parliament, Charles crossed into the Commonwealth and decisively defeated the Saxe-Polish forces in the Battle of Klissow in 1702 and in the Battle of Pultusk in 1703. This successful invasion enabled Charles XII to dethrone Augustus II and coerce
9984-561: Was formed to operate the pulp mill. It was the largest company established during the first independence of Estonia . Construction of the pulp mill began in 1937 and ended in 1938. The opening event took place on August 25, 1938. It was attended by Konstantin Päts , Johan Laidoner , and Kaarel Eenpalu , among many other important officials. 11700 and 34400 tons of sulphate cellulose were manufactured in 1938 and 1939, respectively. The pulp mill had 464 workers in 1939. The pulp mill seriously polluted
10088-441: Was founded in 1848. The school was located on the land of the current Koolitoa property. A new building was built for the school on the same property in 1878, because the previous building was in a bad state. According to Gustav Vilbaste, the school's teacher between 1904 and 1913, the school had three grades and around 30-50 students. The school became a four grade school in 1918 due to a nation-wide school reform. On November 1, 1919,
10192-440: Was granted to Euphemia Kriedt in 1624. In 1637, the recently built manor was owned by Kriedt's son-in-law, Heinrich Bade. Kriedt's grandson-in-law, Gabriel von Elvering , gained ownership of even more fiefs in the 1660s and according to a 1692 map, the manor's lands stretched as far east as Maapaju border point near the current Mustjõe train station . Reitevahe (Arudevahe) inn, which was near the current Lahinguvälja train station ,
10296-419: Was located just south-east of the place where the manor currently is, near the mouth of the alleged Karukse stream. The manor itself was first built sometime between 1624 and 1637. Karukse meadow lied to the west of the manor complex, other nearby lands were covered by forests. The railway station building was built between 1876 and 1878. The manor complex did not expand west of the current Kreutzwaldi street until
10400-405: Was minted in 978 AD. Out of the 421 coins, 411 were Samanid , 5 Byzantine , 3 German , 1 Anglo-Saxon , and 1 Bohemian . Remains of iron tools and pieces of earthenware were also found nearby. Based on this, it is speculated that Kehra was settled at latest by the 11th century. Kehra was first mentioned in the Danish Census Book in 1241. According to the book, the village was a part of
10504-471: Was opened in 1973, when the railway was electrified. In the 1930s, the Estonian state had plans to build a new modern pulp mill that could process pine . On September 28, 1936, Kehra was chosen as the location of the new pulp mill due to its proximity to the railway , a river , and the capital city . In addition to that, most of the land was already owned by the state. Eesti Metsa ja Tselluloosi Aktsiaühing
10608-418: Was renovated in 2012, and the elementary school building was renovated sporadically between 2013 and 2018. The surroundings of the gymnasium were thoroughly renovated in 2020. There were plans to establish an agricultural school in Kehra in 1914. For a short amount of time in 1921, the school operated in Kehra. Keila agricultural school was transferred to Kehra Manor in 1934, where it operated until 1937, when
10712-500: Was sapped by the cold weather (the winter of 1708/09 being one of the most severe in modern European history) and Peter's use of scorched earth tactics. When the main army turned south to recover in Ukraine , the second army with supplies and reinforcements was intercepted and routed at Lesnaya —and so were the supplies and reinforcements of Swedish ally Ivan Mazepa in Baturyn . Charles
10816-498: Was used as a nursery until 1956, and as a hospital between 1956 and 1994. The sovkhoz ceased operations on July 17, 1995. The manor is currently privately owned. S. Milvi, Kehra külakool 1850-1918 S. Milvi, Kehra kool 1918-1945 Kehra gümnaasiumi arengukava 2009-2014 , 2014-2017 , 2018-2022 The first school in Harju-Jaani parish started operating in 1717 in Raasiku . The graduates subsequently spread their knowledge to others in
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