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43-515: The village was first mentioned between 1395 and 1396 as Kedinghen, and means "settlement of the people of Kedo (person)". In 1840, it was home 381 people. The Protestant Church was built in 1867, and was the replacement of a 15th century church. Kedichem was a separate municipality in the province of South Holland until 1986, when it merged with Leerdam. In the same year Kedichem became nationally known in The Netherlands when activists burned down

86-425: A Viking incursion together with Reginar "Longneck" (Count of Maasgau, later Duke of Lorraine). At this time Dirk and Waldger were still infants. It is further speculated that because Gerolf's sister may have been Dirk and Waldger's mother, her brother acted as her children's guardian after their father had been killed. While Dirk and Waldger were still minors, Gerolf, as guardian, presumably was then appointed count of

129-548: A collection of lakes north-east of Leiden, popular for boating, watersports, fishing, camping and walking. The southern part of South Holland consists of a number of islands of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta . Although technically islands in the sense that they are surrounded by rivers, canals or other bodies of water, most of these islands are well connected to the rest of the province via bridges, tunnels and dams. The southern islands, most notably Goeree-Overflakkee (1 on

172-496: A hotel there to prevent a joined meeting of the extreme right Centre Party and Centre Democrats parties, causing a number of injuries. This Utrecht location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . South Holland South Holland ( Dutch : Zuid-Holland [ˌzœyt ˈɦɔlɑnt] ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.8 million as of January 2023 and

215-531: A number of lands and properties in full ownership. Firstly, he was granted an area outside his county, in Teisterbant , which consisted of a number of farms and houses in, amongst others, Tiel , Aalburg and Asch . Also he was granted additional property in his own county, consisting of a forest and agricultural lands, situated somewhere between the mouth of the Old Rhine and (presumably) Bennebroek . Only since

258-521: A population density of about 1,410/km (3,700/sq mi), making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely populated areas. Situated on the North Sea in the west of the Netherlands, South Holland covers an area of 3,308 km (1,277 sq mi), of which 609 km (235 sq mi) is water. It borders North Holland to the north, Utrecht and Gelderland to

301-518: Is 6.1% in 2013. The main sectors of economical activity in this province are among others: Religion in South Holland (2015) In 2015, 18.2% of the population belonged to the Protestant Church in the Netherlands while 14.5% were Roman Catholic , 7.5% Muslim , 1.8% Hindu and 5.7% belonged to other churches or faiths. Over half (52.2%) of the population identified as non-religious. Among

344-455: Is divided into 50 municipalities . The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 163.8 billion € in 2018. This contributes to the gross domestic product of the Netherlands by 21.2%. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 38,700 € or 128% of the EU27 average in the same year. South Holland's labour force amounts to 1,661,000 people; 47.1% of the total population. The unemployment rate

387-497: Is often regarded as the founder of the County of Holland , although the actual name "Holland" is from a later time. His ancestry is unclear, but he may have been a son or, more likely, a grandson of the earlier Gerolf , who was a count in the area of Frisia at the time of the reign of Emperor Louis the Pious ( fl. 833) and who later joined a monastery. The earlier Gerolf died in 855. There

430-655: Is some limited and vague evidence that this earlier Gerolf was a son of a certain Theodoric, who in turn supposedly descended from the Frisian king Redbad (d. 719). Count Gerolf is often identified as the father of Count Dirk I and seen as the founder of the first house of the Counts of Holland, which ruled the county until it was inherited by John II of Hainaut in 1299. Since the Treaty of Verdun (concluded in 843) Frisia and other parts of

473-641: Is today has its origins in the period of French rule from 1795 to 1813. This was a time of bewildering changes to the Dutch system of provinces. In 1795, the Batavian Republic was proclaimed and the old order was swept away by a series of constitutional changes in the following years. In the Constitution enacted on 23 April 1798, the old borders were radically changed. The republic was reorganised into eight departments with roughly equal populations. The south of Holland

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516-514: Is water. It borders the North Sea to the west, North Holland to the north, Utrecht and Gelderland to the east, and North Brabant and Zeeland to the south. Beside the dunes along the North Sea coast, the province is almost entirely flat and mostly consists of polders . The centre of South Holland and the area along the coast in the west are largely urban, part of the Randstad conurbation, while

559-656: The French Empire , and Maasland was renamed Bouches-de-la-Meuse . After the defeat of the French in 1813, this organisation remained unchanged for a year or so. When the 1814 Constitution was introduced, most borders were restored to their situation before the French period . The north and south of Holland were reunited as the province of Holland. However, the division had not completely been undone. Since its re-establishment in 1814, Holland had always had two King's Commissioners , one for

602-690: The Nieuwe Waterweg in 1863 marked the start of the growth of the Port of Rotterdam . On 14 May 1940, during the Second World War , the centre of Rotterdam was destroyed by a German bombardment . The subsequent German occupation of the Netherlands resulted in anti-Jewish measures, and many members of Dutch resistance were captured and executed on the Waalsdorpervlakte . At the same time, the Atlantikwall

645-439: The Old Rhine and reached the North Sea near Katwijk . The Romans built fortresses along the border, such as Praetorium Agrippinae near modern-day Valkenburg , Matilo near modern-day Leiden , and Albaniana near modern-day Alphen aan den Rijn . A city was founded near modern-day Voorburg , Forum Hadriani . It was built according to the grid plan, and facilitated a square, a court, a bathhouse and several temples. After

688-457: The 17th century. The south of Holland, back then often referred to as the Zuiderkwartier (literally "South Quarter"), was the birthplace and residence of scientists such as Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and Christiaan Huygens , philosophers such as Baruch Spinoza and Pierre Bayle , and painters such as Johannes Vermeer , Rembrandt van Rijn and Jan Steen . The province of South Holland as it

731-706: The Frankish society had to deal with the Viking expansion. In this sense, it is interesting, as well, to observe how far the Gerulfingian House of Holland, during the centuries to follow, would pose an obstacle for the full grasp of this region by the Holy Roman Empire. On 4 August 889, Count Gerolf received a reward for his role in the defeat of the Vikings. On this date Arnulf of Carinthia, King of East Francia , granted him

774-509: The area of South Holland has been inhabited since at least c. 7,500 years before present, probably by nomadic hunter-gatherers. Agriculture and permanent settlements probably originated around 2,000 years later, based on excavations near Vlaardingen . In the classical antiquity, South Holland was part of the Roman Province of Germania Inferior , and the border of the Roman Empire ran along

817-679: The country's dominant province, with important trading cities such as Leiden, Delft , Gouda and Dordrecht. In 1575, the Netherlands' first university was founded in Leiden by William the Silent. The Hague , which had originated around the castle of the counts of Holland, became its new political centre. Both the States of Holland and the States General seated in the Binnenhof . The Dutch Golden Age blossomed in

860-403: The cultivation of flower bulbs. To the south of the region lie mostly pastures on sand soil, that form the transition to more urban area. This urban area runs along the Old Rhine , from Katwijk via Rijnsburg to Leiden and Zoeterwoude-Rijndijk . South of Leiden and north of The Hague lies an area where a landscape of dunes bordering the North Sea in the west transitions to one of peat more to

903-403: The death of Gerolf, the eldest son Waldger received Teisterbant, while the younger brother Dirk inherited the comital title, although the title wasn't necessarily inheritable, but often rather by appointment. Also surprising is that Waldger's eldest son was named Radboud and a possible second son (or other relation) of his was named Hatto. It was customary in those days, that the eldest son received

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946-488: The department of Holland was created. The reorganisation had been short-lived, but it gave birth to the concept of a division of Holland, creating less dominant provinces. In 1807, Holland was reorganised once again. This time, the department was split in two. The south, what would later become South Holland, was called the Department of Maasland . This also did not last long. In 1810, all the Dutch provinces were integrated into

989-720: The departure of the Romans, the area belonged to the Frisian Kingdom , after which it was conquered by the Frankish king Dagobert I in 636. In 690, the Anglo-Saxon monk Willibrord arrived near Katwijk and was granted permission to spread Roman Catholicism by the Frankish king Pepin II . He accordingly founded a church in Oegstgeest , after which the entire area was gradually Christianised. The area

1032-487: The east of the province is more agrarian and belongs to the Groene Hart , literally Green Heart . The south of the province is a collection of islands in the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta . For census reasons, South Holland is divided into five regions: Rijnmond , South , West , East , and Southwest . The Duin- en Bollenstreek is a region in the northwest of South Holland, around Katwijk , that features coastal dunes and

1075-464: The east, and North Brabant and Zeeland to the south. The provincial capital is the Dutch seat of government The Hague , while its largest city is Rotterdam . The Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta drains through South Holland into the North Sea. Europe's busiest seaport , the Port of Rotterdam , is located in South Holland. Archaeological discoveries in Hardinxveld-Giessendam indicate that

1118-463: The east. The easternmost tip of South Holland is part of De Biesbosch , one of the largest national parks of the Netherlands and one of the last freshwater tide areas in Europe. Other parks in South Holland, although no national parks, include Delftse Hout east of Delft , Ackerdijkse Plassen , a bird reserve north of Rotterdam, and Buytenpark and Westerpark near Zoetermeer. The Kagerplassen are

1161-424: The flat surface, wind storms are also not uncommon in the winter. Although rain occurs all year long, the first six months of the year are relatively dry. Eastern winds can result in temporary continental climate conditions with relatively warm and dry summers and cold and stormy winters. The temperature varies between the 2 °C and 6 °C in the winter and 17 °C and 20 °C in the summer. South Holland

1204-509: The late nineteenth century has Gerolf been regarded as the founder of the House of Holland. This is based on a poem composed around 1120. It locates the tombs where members of the house were interred. The poem begins with " The first Dirk, brother of Waldger was a glorious man ... " In another work Waldger is named " Waldgarius Freso, Gerulfi filius ", which translates as " Waldger the Frisian, son of Gerolf ". However, it appears unusual that, following

1247-537: The map), Tiengemeten (2), Hoeksche Waard (6) and Voorne-Putten (4/5), are largely agrarian, while more to the north, the islands are more urban, such as Dordrecht (7), IJsselmonde (9) and Rozenburg (10), while other islands, like Rozenburg (10), are mostly used for petrochemical industry. Together, these cities form the Rijnmond conurbation, centred on the city of Rotterdam . Together with Haaglanden (centred on The Hague ) and Delfland (centred on Delft ) in

1290-514: The municipalities of Westland and Midden-Delfland ). Like the rest of the Netherlands, South Holland experiences a temperate oceanic climate , a Cfb-class according to the Köppen climate classification . The climate is influenced by the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean , which results in relatively cooler summers and milder winters. Rain showers are common in the fall and winter seasons. Because of

1333-635: The murdering scheme would have been instigated by Emperor Charles and a certain Duke Henry . If so, it was, possibly, then, effectuated by Eberhard. The same Eberhard was hunted out and killed by Gerolf's son Waldger in 898, but the origin of that conflict is unknown, a possible explanation being that Waldger (who probably descended from Frisian royalty, see below) contested Eberhard's recent appointment as Margrave. It might be important remembering, in face of this scenario, how Merovingian and, most particularly, Carolingian leaders had hunted heathen Frisians just before

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1376-461: The name of his father's father. It is therefore thought that Gerolf was not the father but the foster-father of Waldger and Dirk. Filius in this case meaning foster-son. The most likely candidate for the biological father of Dirk and Waldger is Redbad II, prince of the Frisians. Waldger's nickname Freso may also be indicative of this origin. This prince Radboud fell in battle in 874, while repelling

1419-581: The north and one for the south. Even though the province had been reunited, the two areas were still treated differently in some ways and the idea of dividing Holland remained alive. In 1840, it was decided to once again split Holland into North and South Holland, because the province of Holland was deemed too dominant in area, population and wealth. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, five municipalities were transferred from South Holland to Utrecht; Oudewater in 1970, Woerden in 1989, Vianen in 2002, Leerdam and Zederik in 2019. The construction of

1462-565: The north, and the Drechtsteden to the south-east, this conurbation in turn forms the South Wing of the Randstad conurbation, which spans across South Holland, North Holland and Utrecht. Other regions in South Holland include Alblasserwaard , Gouwestreek ("The Gouwe Area"), Hoeksche Waard , Krimpenerwaard , Rijnland ("Rhineland"), Rijnstreek ("The Rhine Area"), Vijfheerenlanden and Westland (roughly including Hook of Holland and

1505-429: The present-day Netherlands had become a part of, at first Middle Francia , then after 855 Lotharingia , and finally after the Treaty of Meerssen it was incorporated into East Francia in 870. However, ever since the 840s a series of Viking leaders had been installed in the region (as a means of defense against further incursions) and they were the de facto rulers of the region. It was not until 885 that this situation

1548-402: The threatened area to protect it from the Vikings. Later on, after Gerolf had died without leaving any sons of his own, Dirk then inherited the fief or was appointed as its next count. Possibly Waldger may have received (the properties in) Teisterbant because this was an allodium of the family, the comital title and territories being an imperial appointment. Yet another possibility is that Dirk

1591-648: The throne. The conflict ended in 1490, with John victorious. Overall, the area of South Holland remained largely agrarian throughout the late Middle Ages. This changed around 1500, when Holland became Europe's most urbanised area. During the Eighty Years' War , the area of South Holland was the scene of the Capture of Brielle , the Siege of Leiden and the assassination of William the Silent . The United Netherlands declared their independence in 1581, and Holland quickly emerged as

1634-472: The well-known scientists originating from South Holland are: As far as art examined, several famous painters originate from this province; such as: Gerolf of Holland Gerolf or Gerulf (c. 850 – 895/896) was the second count of this name who is attested in the area of Friesland (which also included Holland at the time). Gerolf's main area of power seems to have been in Kennemerland . Count Gerolf

1677-499: Was Dordrecht , which did so in 1220. The city retained a dominant position in the area until it was struck by a series of floods in the late 14th century. The same century also saw a series of civil wars, the Hook and Cod wars , concerning the succession of count William IV . Both his daughter Jacqueline and his brother John , the latter supported by Philip the Good , Duke of Burgundy , claimed

1720-536: Was appointed to East Francia in the Treaty of Verdun in 843, after which the king granted lands to Gerolf , who had helped him claim the lands. This was the birth of the County of Holland . Gerolf was later succeeded by Dirk I , who continued to rule Holland under the Frankish king. In 1248, count William II ordered the construction of the Ridderzaal , which was later finished by his son and successor Floris V . The first city in South Holland to receive city rights

1763-682: Was constructed along the coast. After the Second World War, in 1953, the south of South Holland was heavily struck by the North Sea flood , which took the lives of 677 South Hollanders. After this, the Dutch government decided for the construction of the Delta Works , which came to an end with the completion of the Maeslantkering in 1997. South Holland covers an area of 3,308 km (1,277 sq mi), of which 609 km (235 sq mi)

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1806-495: Was put to an end by the murder of Godfrid, Duke of Frisia at a place called Herespich (identified as modern Spijk ). According to some sources Count Gerolf and Eberhard Count of Hamaland (who was later appointed Margrave of Frisia) were foremost amongst the conspirators in this plot. In the Chronicon of Regino of Prüm , on the other hand, there is no mention of Gerulf as taking part of this plan. Instead, according to this version,

1849-545: Was split up into three departments. The islands in the south were merged with Zeeland and the west of North Brabant to form the Department of the Scheldt and Meuse . The north of the area became the Department of the Delf . A small region in the east of the area became part of the Department of the Rhine , which spanned much of Gelderland and Utrecht. In 1801, the old borders were restored when

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