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45-690: The reserve is named after the Katonga River, which primarily flows from the swamps southwest of Lake Wamala towards Lake Victoria in the east, with lesser periodic flows from those same swamps to Lake George in the west. The reserve is located in the Ibanda and Kamwenge Districts in western Uganda. In Kamwenge, it borders with the Biguli subcounty and part of the Mpara subcounty in Kyenjojo District . The reserve

90-608: A lateral line that often breaks towards the end of the dorsal fin, and starts again two or three rows of scales below. Some Nile tilapia can grow as long as 60 centimetres (2 ft). Other than their temperature sensitivity, tilapia exist in or can adapt to a very wide range of conditions. An extreme example is the Salton Sea , where tilapia introduced when the water was merely brackish now live in salt concentrations so high that other marine fish cannot survive. Tilapia are also known to be mouth-brooding species, which means they carry

135-475: A skin graft material, for Müllerian agenesis , vaginal stenosis , and gender-affirming surgery . The skin-growing properties of tilapia skin are believed to be linked to its high type I collagen content and structural similarities to human skin. The material is also quite strong despite its low thickness. The current procedure for skin use calls for chemical sterilization with chlorhexidine, immersion in glycerol , followed by gamma ray sterilization, plus

180-730: A "traditional" dish, was first introduced in the Philippines in 1950 with Mozambique tilapia followed by Nile tilapia in 1972 from Thailand. Strains such as terapon (gunggong) and white goby ( biyang puti ) were abundant in Laguna de Bay . In 1988, WorldFish , Filipino and Norwegian researchers started aquaculture of the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT). Other methods of tilapia population control are polyculture , with predators farmed alongside tilapia or hybridization with other species. Tilapia, introduced to

225-585: A King Wamala, the last monarch of the Bachwezi dynasty and that King Wamala disappeared into the lake at a site near Lubajja fishing village called Nakyegalika and his spirit resides in the lake. The vegetation surrounding Lake Wamala is dominated by papyrus , other floaters, and water-based vegetation. There are also trees such as Raphia and other palms . A variety of animal species such as sitatunga , wild pigs , hippopotamus , bushbuck , waterbuck , vervet monkey , baboon , guinea fowl , and turaco live near

270-787: A bandage is first used in a 2017 clinical trial to treat burn injuries, after successful trial in rats. In the United States, tilapia skin has been used to successfully treat third-degree wounds to the paws of two black bears caught in California's Thomas wildfire , and also to treat burns on the paws of a black bear from California's Carr wildfire . Nile tilapia skin has completed a phase III clinical trial for superficial partial-thickness burns. The fish skin group showed faster healing, lower pain, reduced dressing changes, and lower treatment costs compared to silver sulfadiazine cream control. Nile tilapia skin has also been used in neovaginoplasty as

315-626: A consequence, none of the species that are of major economic importance remain in Tilapia , but are instead placed in Coptodon , Oreochormis , and Sarotherodon . Tilapia have been used as biological controls for certain aquatic plant problems. They have a preference for a floating aquatic plant, duckweed ( Lemna spp.), but also consume some filamentous algae. In Kenya , tilapia were introduced to control mosquitoes , which were causing malaria , because they consume mosquito larvae, consequently reducing

360-435: A consumption of 2.5 million. In modern aquaculture , wild-type Nile tilapia are not too often seen, as the dark color of their flesh is not much desired by many customers, and because it has a bit of a reputation of being a rough fish associated with poverty. However, they are fast-growing and give good fillets ; leucistic ("red") breeds which have lighter meat have been developed and are very popular. Hybrid stock

405-457: A few washes with saline in between. As with most fish, tilapia harbor a variety of parasites . For the monogeneans , these especially include species of the megadiverse genus Cichlidogyrus , which are gill parasites. Species of Enterogyrus are parasites in the digestive system. Tilapia, as important aquaculture fishes, have been introduced widely all over the world, and often carried their monogenean parasites with them. In South China ,

450-539: A food source, though, because they grow rapidly and tolerate high stocking densities and poor water quality. Smaller West African species, such as Coelotilapia joka and species from the crater lakes of Cameroon , are more popular as aquarium fish. In specialised cichlid aquaria, tilapia can be mixed successfully with nonterritorial cichlids, armored catfish , tinfoil barbs , garpike , and other robust fish. Some species, including Heterotilapia buttikoferi , Coptodon rendalli , Pelmatolapia mariae , C. joka , and

495-434: A less nutritious fish than generally believed. The fish's omega-3 fatty acid content is often far lower than that of other commonly eaten fish species. Their omega-6 fatty acid levels are unusually high. Multiple studies have evaluated the effects of adding flaxseed derivatives (a vegetable source of omega-3 fatty acids) to the feed of farmed tilapia. These studies have found both the more common omega-3 fatty acid found in

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540-487: A problematic invasive species in new warm-water habitats such as Australia, whether deliberately or accidentally introduced , but generally not in temperate climates due to their inability to survive in cold water. Traditionally a popular and affordable food in the Philippines with a mild taste, tilapia has been the fourth-most consumed fish in the United States since 2002, favored for its low cost and easy preparation. It

585-524: A range of 11 to 17 °C (52 to 62 °F). As a result, they cannot invade temperate habitats and disrupt native ecologies in temperate zones; however, they have spread widely beyond their points of introduction in many fresh and brackish tropical and subtropical habitats, often disrupting native species significantly. Because of this, tilapia are on the IUCN 's 100 of the World's Worst Alien Invasive Species list. In

630-409: A second set of jaws for processing food (cf. morays ), allowing a division of labor between the "true jaws" ( mandibles ) and the " pharyngeal jaws ". This means they are efficient feeders that can capture and process a wide variety of food items. Their mouths are protrusible , usually bordered with wide and often swollen lips. The jaws have conical teeth. Typically, tilapia have a long dorsal fin, and

675-416: Is also possible to approach Katonga from Kibale National Park via Kamwenge and Ibanda. The vegetation of the reserve is mixed savannah with acacia scrubland or woodlands. A large portion of the reserve is either permanent or seasonal wetlands. There are also pockets of riverine and tropical forest. There are over forty animal species and over 150 bird species within the reserve. The wildlife species within

720-557: Is also used in aquaculture; Nile × blue tilapia hybrids are usually rather dark, but a light-colored hybrid breed known as "Rocky Mountain White" tilapia is often grown due to its very light flesh and tolerance of low temperatures. Commercially grown tilapia are almost exclusively male, typically done by adding male sex hormone in the food to the tilapia fry , causing any potential female tilapia to change sex to male. It can also be achieved through hybridization of certain tilapia species or

765-417: Is approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi), by road, west of Kampala , Uganda's capital city. The coordinates of the wildlife reserve are 00 02N, 30 25E. The signposted junction for Katonga is Kyegegwa , which lies on Fort Portal Road, 42 km west of Mubende . From there, a 40 km dirt road heads south to the entrance gate via Mparo and Kalwreni. Kalwreni lies 7 km from the entrance gate. It

810-563: Is commonly fried or broiled as part of a dish. The common name "tilapia" is based on the name of the cichlid genus Tilapia , which is itself a latinization of either tlhapi , the Tswana word for "fish", or the Greek word "tilon," referring to a fish mentioned by Aristotle, combined with "apios," meaning "distant". Scottish zoologist Andrew Smith named the genus in 1840. The aquaculture of Nile tilapia dates from Ancient Egypt , where it

855-794: Is dotted by many islands, including Lwanju Island, Mabo Island, and Bagwe Island, Kiraza, Kazinga, among others. Several rivers flow into the lake, including the River Nyanzi, the River Kitenga, the River Kaabasuma, the River Mpamujugu, and the River Bbimbye. The lake is drained by the Kibimba River into the Katonga River , which in turn drains into Lake Victoria . The Kibimba River, however,

900-472: Is highly seasonal and for much of the time its course remains essentially dry. Lake Wamala is of significant economic and cultural interest locally and is jointly administered by the districts of Mubende, Mityana, and Mpigi , each of which share a part of the lake along common borders. More than 4,000 years ago Lake Wamala was part of Lake Victoria , but has since receded into its current state. One apocryphal myth supposes that Lake Wamala derives its name from

945-439: The Philippines , and Indonesia , are underway in freshwater lakes. In temperate zone localities, tilapiine farming operations require energy to warm the water to tropical temperatures. One method uses waste heat from factories and power stations. At 1.3 million tonnes per annum, China is the largest tilapia producer in the world, followed by Egypt with 0.5 million. The US, by comparison, produces 10 thousand tonnes against

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990-663: The Dead by which the deceased hopes to take his place in the sun boat: "You see the tilapia in its [true] form at the turquoise pool", and "I behold the tilapia in its [true] nature guiding the speedy boat in its waters." Tilapia were one of the three main types of fish caught in Talmudic times from the Sea of Galilee , specifically the Galilean comb ( Sarotherodon galilaeus ). Today, in Modern Hebrew,

1035-587: The Jones Point Park under the Woodrow Wilson Bridge , which is on the Potomac River . Many state fish and wildlife agencies in the United States, Australia, South Africa, and elsewhere consider them to be invasive species . Larger tilapia species are generally poor community aquarium fish because they eat plants, dig up the bottom, and fight with other fish. The larger species are often raised as

1080-541: The Sea of Galilee, where the author of the Gospel of Matthew recounts the event took place. These species have been the target of small-scale artisanal fisheries in the area for thousands of years. Tilapia typically have laterally compressed, deep bodies. Like other cichlids, their lower pharyngeal bones are fused into a single tooth-bearing structure. A complex set of muscles allows the upper and lower pharyngeal bones to be used as

1125-455: The United States, tilapia are found in much of the south, especially Florida and Texas , and as far north as Idaho, where they survive in power-plant discharge zones. Tilapia are also currently stocked in the Phoenix, Arizona , canal system as an algal growth-control measure. In a Washington, D.C. fishing report from 21 June 2024, it was reported that an angler caught a Tilapia on a crankbait at

1170-416: The balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. Tilapia serve as a natural, biological control for most aquatic plant problems. They consume floating aquatic plants, such as duckweed watermeal ( Lemna spp.), most "undesirable" submerged plants, and most forms of algae. In the United States and countries such as Thailand , they are becoming the plant-control method of choice, reducing or eliminating

1215-418: The brackish-water Sarotherodon melanotheron , have attractive patterns and are quite decorative. Tilapia were originally farmed in their native Africa and Levant . Fast-growing, tolerant of stocking density, and adaptable, tilapia have been introduced to and are farmed extensively in many parts of Asia and are increasingly common aquaculture targets elsewhere. Farmed tilapia production in 2002 worldwide

1260-515: The detriment of the local fishermen and their families. One of the cleanest lakes in Uganda and with calm waters (Researched by Ariiho Robert Kahiigi). Tilapia Tilapia ( / t ɪ ˈ l ɑː p i ə / tih- LAH -pee-ə ) is the common name for nearly a hundred species of cichlid fish from the coelotilapine , coptodonine , heterotilapine , oreochromine , pelmatolapiine , and tilapiine tribes (formerly all were "Tilapiini"), with

1305-503: The economically most important species placed in the Coptodonini and Oreochromini. Tilapia are mainly freshwater fish inhabiting shallow streams, ponds, rivers, and lakes, and less commonly found living in brackish water . Historically, they have been of major importance in artisanal fishing in Africa, and they are of increasing importance in aquaculture and aquaponics . Tilapia can become

1350-500: The fertilized eggs and young fish in their mouths for several days after the yolk sac is absorbed. Historically, all tilapia have been included in their namesake genus Tilapia . In recent decades, some were moved into a few other genera, notably Oreochromis , and Sarotherodon . Even with this modification, apparently Tilapia was strongly poly– or paraphyletic . In 2013, a major taxonomic review resolved this by moving most former Tilapia spp. to several other genera. As

1395-522: The fish species is called amnoon (probably a compound of am , "mother" and noon , "fish"). In English, it is sometimes known by the name "St. Peter's fish", which comes from the narrative in the Gospel of Matthew about the apostle Peter catching a fish that carried a coin in its mouth . Though the passage does not name the fish, different tilapia species ( Sarotherodon galilaeus , Oreochromis aureus , Coptodon zillii , and Tristramella ) are found in

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1440-453: The fish, but they make the product unattractive to consumers. Simple quality-control procedures are known to be effective in ensuring the quality of fish entering the market. Tilapia have very low levels of mercury . Tilapia are low in saturated fat , calories, carbohydrates, and sodium, and are a good protein source. They also contain the micronutrients phosphorus , niacin , selenium , vitamin B 12 , and potassium . Tilapia may be

1485-567: The flax, ALA and the two types almost unique to animal sources ( DHA and EPA ), increased in the fish fed this diet. Guided by these findings, tilapia farming techniques could be adjusted to address the nutritional criticisms directed at the fish, while retaining its advantage as an omnivore capable of feeding on economically and environmentally inexpensive vegetable protein. Adequate diets for salmon and other carnivorous fish can alternatively be formulated from protein sources such as soybean , although soy-based diets with soy oil may also change in

1530-462: The lake. Existing fish species include tilapia , catfish , and lungfish . During the 1960s and the early 1970s, Lake Wamala was an important source of both fresh and smoked fish sold locally and in the big towns in Buganda. Due to mismanagement and uncontrolled, unregulated commercial fishing on the lake, the fish were depleted in the mid-1970s. Climate change has also worsened the lake conditions, to

1575-435: The numbers of adult female mosquitoes, the vector of the disease. These benefits are, however, frequently outweighed by the negative aspects of tilapia as invasive species. Tilapia are unable to survive in temperate climates because they require warm water. The pure strain of the blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus , has the greatest cold tolerance and dies at 7 °C (45 °F), while all other species of tilapia die at

1620-636: The people of Buganda in Central Uganda. The lake is shared by the districts of Kassanda , Mityana , and Gomba in the Buganda Region of Uganda. The road distance between downtown Mityana and Kalyankoko, Kimuli, Mityana District, on the eastern shores of Lake Wamala is approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi). The coordinates of Lake Wamala are 0°20'44.0"N, 31°53'16.0"E (Latitude:0.345545; Longitude:31.887778). Lake Wamala covers an area of approximately 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi). It

1665-541: The preferred "aquatic chickens" of the trade. Because of their large size, rapid growth, and palatability, tilapia cichlids are the focus of major farming efforts, specifically various species of Oreochromis , Sarotherodon , and Coptodon (all were formerly in the namesake genus Tilapia ). Like other large fish, they are a good source of protein and popular among artisanal and commercial fisheries . Most such fisheries were originally found in Africa, but outdoor fish farms in tropical countries, such as Papua New Guinea ,

1710-433: The productive output of both. Arkansas stocks many public ponds and lakes to help with vegetation control, favoring tilapia as a robust forage species and for anglers. In Kenya, tilapia help control mosquitoes , which carry malaria parasites. They consume mosquito larvae , which reduces the numbers of adult females, the disease's vector . In Brazil , Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) fish skin applied as

1755-672: The question of desirability of Tilapia culture in other parts of India. Whole tilapia fish can be processed into skinless, boneless fillets. In some of the commercial strains, the yield has been reported up to 47% at harvest weight. Tilapia are among the commercially important aquaculture species that are susceptible to off-flavors (others include trout, barramundi , and channel catfish ). These 'muddy' or 'musty' flavors are normally caused by geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol , organic products of ubiquitous cyanobacteria that are often present or bloom sporadically in water bodies and soil. These flavors are no indication of freshness or safety of

1800-523: The reserve include: The reserve is best explored on foot or by river canoe. The Uganda Wildlife Authority maintains a camping site with guides and a restaurant within the reserve. Lake Wamala Lake Wamala is a freshwater lake in Uganda . Its wetlands contain endangered species of birds and animals including the sitatunga ("enjobe" in Luganda ). The lake is of traditional and cultural significance to

1845-668: The state in the 1950s as a cheap protein source, quickly spread across the state’s freshwater bodies because of its ability to thrive in polluted, low-oxygen environments. The Fisheries Research Committee has recommended the culture of this fish only in areas in the western slopes of the Western Ghats and the coastal strip between Cape Comorin and south of and excluding river Tapti, and in districts of Tinnevellv, Madurai and Ramnad in Madras south of and including river Vaigai. The Committee has suggested further investigation to enable it to examine

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1890-450: The use of so-called "supermales" that have homozygous male sex chromosomes (resulting in all their offspring receiving a male sex chromosome and thus becoming males). Males are preferred because they grow much faster than females. Additionally, because tilapia are prolific breeders, the presence of female tilapia results in rapidly increasing populations of small fish, rather than a stable population of harvest-size animals. Tilapia, as

1935-439: The use of toxic chemicals and heavy metal-based algaecides. However, their environmental impact as an invasive species may outweigh their ecological benefit. Their tolerance for a wide range of environmental conditions allow them to thrive in polluted or otherwise degraded aquatic habitats. They are used for zoo ponds as a source of food for birds. Tilapia can be farmed with shrimp in a symbiotic manner, positively enhancing

1980-427: Was about 1.5 million tonnes (1.7 million short tons) annually, with an estimated value of US$ 1.8 billion, about equal to those of salmon and trout . Unlike carnivorous fish, tilapia can feed on algae or any plant-based food. This reduces the cost of tilapia farming, reduces fishing pressure on prey species, avoids concentrating toxins that accumulate at higher levels of the food chain , and makes tilapia

2025-599: Was represented by the hieroglyph K1 , of the Gardiner list : 𓆛. The fish symbolized rebirth in Egyptian art , and was associated in Egyptian belief-systems with Hathor , goddess of fertility and abundance. The tilapia was also said to accompany and protect the sun god on his daily journey across the sky, and a tilapia painted on tomb walls may recall part of spell 15 of the Book of

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