84-470: Kaththi Sandai ( transl. Sword fight ) is a 2016 Indian Tamil -language action comedy film written and directed by Suraj . The film is produced by S. Nanthagopal. The film features Vishal and Tamannaah Bhatia in the lead roles. Jagapathi Babu , Vadivelu , Soori and Tarun Arora play pivotal roles. The project was launched in May 2016. The film released on 23 December 2016. A lorry drives down
168-499: A puja ceremony held on 2 May 2016. In June 2016, Tarun Arora was cast in a negative role after Suraj was impressed with the actor's performance in Kanithan (2016). According to a report by Sify , Vadivelu completed his portions by the end of August 2016. Filming was wrapped up in November 2016. The film's soundtrack and the score are composed by Hiphop Tamizha while the lyrics for
252-455: A Tamira Samghatta ( Tamil confederacy ) The Samavayanga Sutra dated to the 3rd century BCE contains a reference to a Tamil script named 'Damili'. Southworth suggests that the name comes from tam-miḻ > tam-iḻ "self-speak", or "our own speech". Kamil Zvelebil suggests an etymology of tam-iḻ , with tam meaning "self" or "one's self", and " -iḻ " having the connotation of "unfolding sound". Alternatively, he suggests
336-468: A lexical root to which one or more affixes are attached. Most Tamil affixes are suffixes . Tamil suffixes can be derivational suffixes, which either change the part of speech of the word or its meaning, or inflectional suffixes, which mark categories such as person , number , mood , tense , etc. There is no absolute limit on the length and extent of agglutination , which can lead to long words with many suffixes, which would require several words or
420-480: A , as with other Indic scripts . This inherent vowel is removed by adding a tittle called a puḷḷi , to the consonantal sign. For example, ன is ṉa (with the inherent a ) and ன் is ṉ (without a vowel). Many Indic scripts have a similar sign, generically called virama , but the Tamil script is somewhat different in that it nearly always uses a visible puḷḷi to indicate a 'dead consonant' (a consonant without
504-740: A 2001 survey, there were 1,863 newspapers published in Tamil, of which 353 were dailies. Tamil is the primary language of the majority of the people residing in Tamil Nadu , Puducherry , (in India) and in the Northern and Eastern provinces of Sri Lanka . The language is spoken among small minority groups in other states of India which include Karnataka , Telangana , Andhra Pradesh , Kerala , Maharashtra , Gujarat , Delhi , Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India and in certain regions of Sri Lanka such as Colombo and
588-555: A box office success which was a comeback for Vishal after string of failures. It was Vishal's highest grossing film in his career worldwide, surpassing Irumbu Thirai and his first film to gross 100 crore worldwide. He was elected as President of Tamil Film Producers Council election, which was held on 2 April 2017. Apart from this, Vishal is also a staunch advocate against online piracy since 2014, having started an anti-piracy cell. He made his television début in October 2018 as
672-570: A classical language by the Indian government and holds official status in Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Singapore. The earliest extant Tamil literary works and their commentaries celebrate the Pandiyan Kings for the organization of long-termed Tamil Sangams , which researched, developed and made amendments in Tamil language. Even though the name of the language which was developed by these Tamil Sangams
756-409: A derivation of tamiḻ < tam-iḻ < * tav-iḻ < * tak-iḻ , meaning in origin "the proper process (of speaking)". However, this is deemed unlikely by Southworth due to the contemporary use of the compound 'centamiḻ', which means refined speech in the earliest literature. The Tamil Lexicon of University of Madras defines the word "Tamil" as "sweetness". S. V. Subramanian suggests
840-484: A difference for the album overall." Kaththi Sandai was initially slated for a Diwali release on 28 October 2016. In early October 2016, Vishal announced through his Twitter handle that the film was postponed to a November 2016 release and that the soundtrack album would be released on Diwali instead. The film was later released on 23 December 2016. Kaththi Sandai received mixed reviews from critics. Film critic and writer Baradwaj Rangan of The Hindu criticised
924-460: A film titled Kaththi Sandai , which would be produced by S. Nanthagopal of Madras Enterprises. Vadivelu and Soori were selected to play comical roles. The film marks the former's comeback as a comedian into Tamil cinema as well as his second collaboration with Vishal after Thimiru (2006). In May 2016, Tamannaah Bhatia and Jagapathi Babu were roped in to play the female lead and the antagonist respectively. Principal photography began with
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#17330862142481008-441: A hospital, having lost his memory. Tamizhselvan keeps Arjun in custody in a house where a psychiatrist named Dr Boothri is assigned to restore Arjun's memory so that he can reveal where he hid the money. Unknown to anyone, Arjun had not lost his memory. He is only pretending as part of his mission to retrieve black money. At night, he sneaks out of the house and steals the black money of a Union Minister , converting it to white with
1092-673: A host of Sun Naam Oruvar , a talk show airing on Sun TV . Vishal filed his nomination as an independent candidate for the by-poll to Radhakrishnan Nagar constituency in Chennai, which fell vacant following Jayalalithaa 's death in December 2017. But his nomination was rejected. Vishal made his debut as a playback singer in Madha Gaja Raja, an unreleased film directed by Sundar C . In 2013, Vishal started his own production house named Vishal Film Factory . He has produces and distributed
1176-603: A movement against the previous committee. He was expelled from Tamil Film Producers' Council (TFPC) for remarks against the council. Later in April 2017, he won the election as President of Tamil Film Producers Council . Vishal was arrested by police in December 2018 when he tried to enter the Tamil Film Producers Council in T. Nagar , Chennai, by trying to break the lock. The council was locked by film producers alleging that Vishal failed to fulfil his promises during
1260-591: A number of apparent Tamil loanwords in Biblical Hebrew dating to before 500 BCE, the oldest attestation of the language. Old Tamil is the period of the Tamil language spanning the 3rd century BCE to the 8th century CE. The earliest records in Old Tamil are short inscriptions from 300 BCE to 700 CE. These inscriptions are written in a variant of the Brahmi script called Tamil-Brahmi . The earliest long text in Old Tamil
1344-522: A number of films under the banner and has also acted in all of them. Some of these films include, Pandiya Naadu (2013), Kathakali (2016), Thupparivaalan (2017), Irumbu Thirai (2018) and Veerame Vaagai Soodum (2022). For Pandiya Naadu , he won SIIMA Best Debutant Producer Award. Vishal was elected as the General Secretary of the Nadigar Sangam in October 2015 after initiating
1428-512: A number of sound changes, in particular, a tendency to lower high vowels in initial and medial positions, and the disappearance of vowels between plosives and between a plosive and rhotic. Contact with European languages affected written and spoken Tamil. Changes in written Tamil include the use of European-style punctuation and the use of consonant clusters that were not permitted in Middle Tamil. The syntax of written Tamil has also changed, with
1512-523: A relative parallel to Tamil, even as Tamil has undergone some changes in modern ways of speaking. According to Hindu legend, Tamil or in personification form Tamil Thāi (Mother Tamil) was created by Lord Shiva . Murugan , revered as the Tamil God, along with sage Agastya , brought it to the people. Tamil, like other Dravidian languages, ultimately descends from the Proto-Dravidian language , which
1596-552: A sentence in English. To give an example, the word pōkamuṭiyātavarkaḷukkāka (போகமுடியாதவர்களுக்காக) means "for the sake of those who cannot go" and consists of the following morphemes : போக pōka go முடி muṭi accomplish Vishal (actor) Vishal Krishna Reddy (born 29 August 1977), professionally known as Vishal , is an Indian actor and film producer who works in Tamil cinema . Born to film producer G. K. Reddy, Vishal
1680-467: A serious muscular injury on sets. The film opened to mixed reviews, though Vishal's performance won positive reviews. Indiaglitz stated that Vishal delivered an "award winning performance" and that his "mannerisms and body language give you goosebumps". The reviewer further cited that "Vishal's spontaneous response to his mentor's death in the movie is touching. His demonstration of Navarasas in front of actor Suriya will melt you in tears". Vishal played
1764-496: A similar effect on your mental health". Srivatsan of the magazine India Today , like Rangan, criticised the screenplay, adding "Do yourself a favour and keep from watching Kaththi Sandai ". Malini Mannath, writing for The New Indian Express labelled it as a "long and tedious affair". S Saraswathi of Rediff while calling Kaththi Sandai "a tedious action film" noted that both Vadivelu and Soori "appear to be wasted on this poorly-written script". A reviewer from Sify found
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#17330862142481848-620: A small number speak the language. In Reunion where the Tamil language was forbidden to be learnt and used in public space by France it is now being relearnt by students and adults. Tamil is also spoken by migrants from Sri Lanka and India in Canada , the United States , the United Arab Emirates , the United Kingdom , South Africa , and Australia . Tamil is the official language of
1932-545: A subject of study in schools in the French overseas department of Réunion . In addition, with the creation in October 2004 of a legal status for classical languages by the Government of India and following a political campaign supported by several Tamil associations, Tamil became the first legally recognised Classical language of India. The recognition was announced by the contemporaneous President of India , Abdul Kalam , who
2016-458: A variety of dialects that are all collectively known as Brahmin Tamil . These dialects tend to have softer consonants (with consonant deletion also common). These dialects also tend to have many Sanskrit loanwords. Tamil in Sri Lanka incorporates loan words from Portuguese , Dutch , and English. In addition to its dialects, Tamil exhibits different forms: a classical literary style modelled on
2100-438: A vowel). In other Indic scripts, it is generally preferred to use a ligature or a half form to write a syllable or a cluster containing a dead consonant, although writing it with a visible virama is also possible. The Tamil script does not differentiate voiced and unvoiced plosives . Instead, plosives are articulated with voice depending on their position in a word, in accordance with the rules of Tamil phonology . In addition to
2184-412: Is Malayalam ; the two began diverging around the 9th century CE. Although many of the differences between Tamil and Malayalam demonstrate a pre-historic divergence of the western dialect, the process of separation into a distinct language, Malayalam, was not completed until sometime in the 13th or 14th century. Additionally Kannada is also relatively close to the Tamil language and shares the format of
2268-467: Is also an actor and producer who has produced several of Vishal's films. His family hails from Nellore , Andhra Pradesh . Vishal did his schooling at Don Bosco Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Chennai . He then graduated in visual communications from the Loyola College, Chennai . Vishal assisted actor-director Arjun Sarja in his venture Vedham (2001), and a producer spotted Vishal on
2352-469: Is an "Average masala-mix entertainer". The film took a large opening and was declared a blockbuster, featuring in the top 10 at Behindwoods box office. In the year 2008, for the first time, Vishal portrayed a police officer in Sathyam , which became a commercial failure at the box office. Then both his films Thoranai (2009) and Theeradha Vilaiyattu Pillai (2010) were just average grossers. Additionally,
2436-457: Is based on the dialect of Jaffna . After Tamil Brahmi fell out of use, Tamil was written using a script called vaṭṭeḻuttu amongst others such as Grantha and Pallava . The current Tamil script consists of 12 vowels , 18 consonants and one special character, the āytam . The vowels and consonants combine to form 216 compound characters, giving a total of 247 characters (12 + 18 + 1 + (12 × 18)). All consonants have an inherent vowel
2520-563: Is extensively described in the oldest known grammar book for Tamil, the Tolkāppiyam . Modern Tamil writing is largely based on the 13th-century grammar Naṉṉūl which restated and clarified the rules of the Tolkāppiyam , with some modifications. Traditional Tamil grammar consists of five parts, namely eḻuttu , col , poruḷ , yāppu , aṇi . Of these, the last two are mostly applied in poetry. Tamil words consist of
2604-513: Is fixed. One day, some goons kidnapped Tamizhselvan in retaliation for his thwarting a black money scam six months ago. Arjun rescues Tamizhselvan and takes him home, only to reveal that he is really a CBI officer who discovered ₹ 250 crores stashed in Tamizhselvan's house as black money. During the black money raid from a lorry, they seized ₹ 300 crores, but Thamizhselvan publicly announced that they seized only ₹ 50 crores. Arjun takes away all
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2688-405: Is generally taken to have been completed by the 8th century, was characterised by a number of phonological and grammatical changes. In phonological terms, the most important shifts were the virtual disappearance of the aytam (ஃ), an old phoneme, the coalescence of the alveolar and dental nasals, and the transformation of the alveolar plosive into a rhotic . In grammar, the most important change
2772-409: Is generally used in formal writing and speech. For instance, it is the language of textbooks, of much of Tamil literature and of public speaking and debate. In recent times, however, koṭuntamiḻ has been making inroads into areas that have traditionally been considered the province of centamiḻ . Most contemporary cinema, theatre and popular entertainment on television and radio, for example,
2856-410: Is in koṭuntamiḻ , and many politicians use it to bring themselves closer to their audience. The increasing use of koṭuntamiḻ in modern times has led to the emergence of unofficial 'standard' spoken dialects. In India, the 'standard' koṭuntamiḻ , rather than on any one dialect, but has been significantly influenced by the dialects of Thanjavur and Madurai . In Sri Lanka, the standard
2940-459: Is known for his roles in action films. He also produces films under his production company, Vishal Film Factory . Vishal was conferred with the Kalaimamani award in 2006, for his contributions to Tamil cinema. Vishal entered the film industry as an assistant director to Arjun . He then became an actor and played his first lead role in the romantic thriller Chellamae (2004), before acting in
3024-501: Is mentioned as Tamil, the period when the name "Tamil" came to be applied to the language is unclear, as is the precise etymology of the name. The earliest attested use of the name is found in Tholkappiyam , which is dated as early as late 2nd century BCE. The Hathigumpha inscription , inscribed around a similar time period (150 BCE), by Kharavela , the Jain king of Kalinga , also refers to
3108-771: Is not always consistently applied. ISO 15919 is an international standard for the transliteration of Tamil and other Indic scripts into Latin characters. It uses diacritics to map the much larger set of Brahmic consonants and vowels to Latin script , and thus the alphabets of various languages, including English. Apart from the usual numerals, Tamil has numerals for 10, 100 and 1000. Symbols for day, month, year, debit, credit, as above, rupee, and numeral are present as well. Tamil also uses several historical fractional signs. /f/ , /z/ , /ʂ/ and /ɕ/ are only found in loanwords and may be considered marginal phonemes, though they are traditionally not seen as fully phonemic. Tamil has two diphthongs : /aɪ̯/ ஐ and /aʊ̯/ ஔ ,
3192-409: Is the Tolkāppiyam , an early work on Tamil grammar and poetics, whose oldest layers could be as old as the late 2nd century BCE. Many literary works in Old Tamil have also survived. These include a corpus of 2,381 poems collectively known as Sangam literature . These poems are usually dated to between the 1st century BCE and 5th century CE. The evolution of Old Tamil into Middle Tamil , which
3276-822: Is used as one of the languages of education in Malaysia , along with English, Malay and Mandarin. A large community of Pakistani Tamils speakers exists in Karachi , Pakistan , which includes Tamil-speaking Hindus as well as Christians and Muslims – including some Tamil-speaking Muslim refugees from Sri Lanka. There are about 100 Tamil Hindu families in Madrasi Para colony in Karachi. They speak impeccable Tamil along with Urdu, Punjabi and Sindhi. Many in Réunion , Guyana , Fiji , Suriname , and Trinidad and Tobago have Tamil origins, but only
3360-584: The University of Madras , was one of the earliest dictionaries published in Indian languages. A strong strain of linguistic purism emerged in the early 20th century, culminating in the Pure Tamil Movement which called for removal of all Sanskritic elements from Tamil. It received some support from Dravidian parties . This led to the replacement of a significant number of Sanskrit loanwords by Tamil equivalents, though many others remain. According to
3444-486: The 11th century, retain many features of the Vaishnava paribasai , a special form of Tamil developed in the 9th and 10th centuries that reflect Vaishnavite religious and spiritual values. Several castes have their own sociolects which most members of that caste traditionally used regardless of where they come from. It is often possible to identify a person's caste by their speech. For example, Tamil Brahmins tend to speak
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3528-476: The Indian state of Haryana , purportedly as a rebuff to Punjab , though there was no attested Tamil-speaking population in the state, and was later replaced by Punjabi , in 2010. In Malaysia, 543 primary education government schools are available fully in Tamil as the medium of instruction . The establishment of Tamil-medium schools has been in process in Myanmar to provide education completely in Tamil language by
3612-469: The Indian state of Tamil Nadu and one of the 22 languages under schedule 8 of the constitution of India . It is one of the official languages of the union territories of Puducherry and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Tamil is also one of the official languages of Singapore . Tamil is one of the official and national languages of Sri Lanka, along with Sinhala . It was once given nominal official status in
3696-673: The Tamils who settled there 200 years ago. Tamil language is available as a course in some local school boards and major universities in Canada and the month of January has been declared "Tamil Heritage Month" by the Parliament of Canada . Tamil enjoys a special status of protection under Article 6(b), Chapter 1 of the Constitution of South Africa and is taught as a subject in schools in KwaZulu-Natal province. Recently, it has been rolled out as
3780-623: The action films Sandakozhi , Thimiru , Thaamirabharani and Malaikottai . Vishal chose to create his own production studio and has since produced and worked on Pandiya Naadu (2013), Naan Sigappu Manithan (2014) and Poojai (2014). Vishal Krishna Reddy was born on 29 August 1977 into a Telugu -speaking family in Chennai, Tamil Nadu . His father and mother, G. K. Reddy and Janaki Devi, are businesspeople and film producers in Telugu and Tamil films. His elder brother, Vikram Krishna ,
3864-442: The ancient language ( sankattamiḻ ), a modern literary and formal style ( centamiḻ ), and a modern colloquial form ( koṭuntamiḻ ). These styles shade into each other, forming a stylistic continuum. For example, it is possible to write centamiḻ with a vocabulary drawn from caṅkattamiḻ , or to use forms associated with one of the other variants while speaking koṭuntamiḻ . In modern times, centamiḻ
3948-912: The approximately 100,000 inscriptions found by the Archaeological Survey of India in India are in Tamil Nadu. Of them, most are in Tamil, with only about 5 percent in other languages. In 2004, a number of skeletons were found buried in earthenware urns dating from at least 696 BCE in Adichanallur . Some of these urns contained writing in Tamil Brahmi script, and some contained skeletons of Tamil origin. Between 2017 and 2018, 5,820 artifacts have been found in Keezhadi . These were sent to Beta Analytic in Miami , Florida , for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) dating. One sample containing Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions
4032-492: The black money acquired by Sivagnanam (which was the ₹300 crores recovered earlier) and the Union Minister and use it to develop Manimangalam. Present : Arjun takes Tamizhselvan, the Union Minister, and Divya to Manimangalam, a well-developed village. He reveals that he had used the money hoarded by the Union Minister along with Sivagnanam's ₹300 crores to develop the town and gave credit to the Union Minister, because of which
4116-510: The box-office duds, Sathyam and Thoranai , both of which were bilingual in Tamil and Telugu, failed to establish his popularity in Telugu cinema. Vishal was then given the opportunity to feature in Bala 's dark comedy Avan Ivan (2011), after being recommended to the director by his friend Arya . Portraying a village stage actor with a squint, Vishal had severe eye pain and headaches, and he also had
4200-583: The building of the only primary school in the town collapsed, Arjun confronted the local MLA , Sivagnanam, who presented a false account of the development of the village by pocketing all the money meant for developing Manimangalam village. Sivagnanam rudely sent him away, defending his corruption and declaring that he would never improve the town. Following this, Arjun approached the Union Minister, who also turned out to be corrupt like Sivagnanam. Arjun's friends confront Sivagnanam and his men, who kill two of them and kill Sivagnanam. Arjun later decided to get back all
4284-983: The dialect of Madurai , and iṅkaṭe in some northern dialects. Even now, in the Coimbatore area, it is common to hear " akkaṭṭa " meaning "that place". Although Tamil dialects do not differ significantly in their vocabulary, there are a few exceptions. The dialects spoken in Sri Lanka retain many words and grammatical forms that are not in everyday use in India, and use many other words slightly differently. Tamil dialects include Central Tamil dialect , Kongu Tamil , Madras Bashai , Madurai Tamil , Nellai Tamil , Kumari Tamil in India ; Batticaloa Tamil dialect , Jaffna Tamil dialect , Negombo Tamil dialect in Sri Lanka; and Malaysian Tamil in Malaysia. Sankethi dialect in Karnataka has been heavily influenced by Kannada . The dialect of
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#17330862142484368-634: The district of Palakkad in Kerala has many Malayalam loanwords, has been influenced by Malayalam's syntax, and has a distinctive Malayalam accent. Similarly, Tamil spoken in Kanyakumari District has more unique words and phonetic style than Tamil spoken at other parts of Tamil Nadu. The words and phonetics are so different that a person from Kanyakumari district is easily identifiable by their spoken Tamil. Hebbar and Mandyam dialects, spoken by groups of Tamil Vaishnavites who migrated to Karnataka in
4452-465: The film to be "remotely original or interesting". Tamil language Sri Lanka Singapore Malaysia Canada and United States Tamil ( தமிழ் , Tamiḻ , pronounced [t̪amiɻ] ) is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia . It is one of the two longest-surviving classical languages in India , along with Sanskrit , attested since c. 300 BCE. The language belongs to
4536-600: The film went on to gain considerable box office success, carrying good reports amidst other big budget releases. Later in the year, he appeared in Boopathy Pandian 's Malaikottai (2007), a comedy entertainer. In his first full-length comic role, Vishal received mixed feedback for his portrayal from critics, with Rediff stating that he is "a far cry from the rather endearing young man in Sandakozhi", whilst describing his performance as "cringe-able". Behindwoods stated it
4620-466: The formal ancient Tamil language. While there are some variations from the Tamil language, Kannada still preserves a lot from its roots. As part of the southern family of Indian languages and situated relatively close to the northern parts of India, Kannada also shares some Sanskrit words, similar to Malayalam. Many of the formerly used words in Tamil have been preserved with little change in Kannada. This shows
4704-435: The help of a hawala trader. However, Tamizhselvan and the Union Minister soon learned that Arjun did not lose his memory and stole even more black money. Arjun, confronted by Tamizhselvan and the Union Minister, reveals his motive for stealing the black money. Past : Arjun is from Manimangalam. It is an isolated village lacking basic amenities like roads, water, high schools, and proper housing and sanitation facilities. When
4788-449: The highway, knocking down a police motorcycle and destroying a police vehicle. A police officer informs the DCP, who successfully stops the truck by pointing a gun at his head. He forces the driver to open the back, which he does. The driver opens the door to reveal ₹ 300 crores in the lorry. The driver asks to split the money, to which Tamizhselvan hits him. The next day, Tamizhselvan reports to
4872-699: The hill country . Tamil or dialects of it were used widely in the state of Kerala as the major language of administration, literature and common usage until the 12th century CE. Tamil was also used widely in inscriptions found in southern Andhra Pradesh districts of Chittoor and Nellore until the 12th century CE. Tamil was used for inscriptions from the 10th through 14th centuries in southern Karnataka districts such as Kolar , Mysore , Mandya and Bengaluru . There are currently sizeable Tamil-speaking populations descended from colonial-era migrants in Malaysia , Singapore , Philippines , Mauritius , South Africa , Indonesia, Thailand, Burma , and Vietnam . Tamil
4956-432: The introduction of new aspectual auxiliaries and more complex sentence structures, and with the emergence of a more rigid word order that resembles the syntactic argument structure of English. In 1578, Portuguese Christian missionaries published a Tamil prayer book in old Tamil script named Thambiran Vanakkam , thus making Tamil the first Indian language to be printed and published. The Tamil Lexicon , published by
5040-456: The latter of which is restricted to a few lexical items. Tamil employs agglutinative grammar, where suffixes are used to mark noun class , number , and case , verb tense and other grammatical categories. Tamil's standard metalinguistic terminology and scholarly vocabulary is itself Tamil, as opposed to the Sanskrit that is standard for most Indo-Aryan languages . Much of Tamil grammar
5124-579: The main antagonist in the Mohanlal -starrer Villain , directed by B. Unnikrishnan . In September 2017, Vishal played a detective in Thupparivaalan directed by Mysskin which was loosely based on the British writer Arthur Conan Doyle 's detective character, Sherlock Holmes . The film was a commercial success and was appreciated by audiences and critics. In 2018, Vishal had two major releases. The first one
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#17330862142485208-619: The meaning "sweet sound", from tam – "sweet" and il – "sound". Tamil belongs to the southern branch of the Dravidian languages , a family of around 26 languages native to the Indian subcontinent . It is also classified as being part of a Tamil language family that, alongside Tamil proper, includes the languages of about 35 ethno-linguistic groups such as the Irula and Yerukula languages (see SIL Ethnologue ). The closest major relative of Tamil
5292-462: The media that ₹ 50 crores was recovered and handed to the government , and the driver got arrested. Arjun Ramakrishnan comes to Chennai to woo a psychology student named Divya, whom he has a crush on. With the help of a local, incompetent don named Deva, he successfully wins her heart. Divya's elder brother is Tamizhselvan, an honest and sincere DCP in Chennai. He approves of the relationship between Arjun and his sister, and soon their wedding
5376-511: The money but does not arrest Tamizhselvan due to his public reputation instead of telling him to surrender personally. The driver gets released from jail and goes to Tamizhselvan's house. However, Tamizhselvan soon discovers from the driver that Arjun is not a CBI agent but a recent prisoner who just got out. He pursues Arjun, intending to get back the money. During the chase, he opens fire on Arjun's SUV , causing Arjun to lose control and meet with an accident, losing consciousness. Arjun wakes up in
5460-531: The old aspect and time markers. The Nannūl remains the standard normative grammar for modern literary Tamil, which therefore continues to be based on Middle Tamil of the 13th century rather than on Modern Tamil. Colloquial spoken Tamil, in contrast, shows a number of changes. The negative conjugation of verbs, for example, has fallen out of use in Modern Tamil – instead, negation is expressed either morphologically or syntactically. Modern spoken Tamil also shows
5544-497: The role of a police officer in his following release Vedi (2011), directed by Prabhu Deva , which was declared an instant flop at the box office. In the 2013 film Samar , Vishal played a forest trek guide. Behindwoods stated that he "rocks in the action sequences". Following a cameo role in Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru , he starred in the action films Pattathu Yaanai and Pandiya Naadu . The latter
5628-638: The script and its execution, pointing out that the director "just wants to keep distracting you with songs and fights and comedy". He concluded his review by labelling the film as a "silly, noisy waste of a good premise". Thinkal Menon of The Times of India wrote, "With a not-so-proper characterisations for the ones who played prominent roles and a done-to-death plot, the film, overall doesn't engage". Gautaman Bhaskaran of Hindustan Times called it "a corny cocktail of bullets, bloodshed and buffoonery". Manoj Kumar R of The Indian Express wrote, "Be warned: Smoking tobacco causes cancer, watching this movie may have
5712-456: The second time in Poojai (2014), which did somewhat good business at the box office. In 2015, he acted two films, namely, Aambala and Paayum Puli . In 2016, he appeared in three movies; Kathakali , Marudhu and Kaththi Sandai . The first two were average grossers, while Kaththi Sandai became a flop at the box office. In January 2017, Vishal signed his debut Malayalam film, as
5796-596: The sets of the film and signed him to appear in an acting role in Gandhi Krishna 's Chellamae (2004). Accepting the role, Vishal prepared by joining Koothu-P-Pattarai to hone his acting skills and played the protagonist role of Raghunandan, whose wife is kidnapped by her childhood friend. A critic described his performance is "apt" but "there was plenty left to hone". His next film was Sandakozhi (2005) with N. Linguswamy , who had previously worked with his father's production house as an assistant director. Vishal
5880-563: The songs were written by Na. Muthukumar and Hiphop Tamizha. Kaththi Sandai is one of the last films Muthukumar worked on before his death in August 2016. The soundtrack was released on 26 October 2016. Behindwoods gave a rating of 2.5/5 and noted that " Kaththi Sandai is a fun filled album from Hip-Hop Thamizha which is still filled with repetitive elements." Siddharth K. of Sify rated the album 3/5 and labelled it "a mixed bag" while noting that "the usage of versatile choice of singers would have made
5964-539: The southern branch of the Dravidian language family and shares close ties with Malayalam and Kannada . Despite external influences, Tamil has retained a sense of linguistic purism, especially in formal and literary contexts. Tamil was the lingua franca for early maritime traders, with inscriptions found in places like Sri Lanka , Thailand , and Egypt . The language has a well-documented history with literary works like Sangam literature , consisting of over 2,000 poems. Tamil script evolved from Tamil Brahmi, and later,
6048-465: The standard characters, six characters taken from the Grantha script , which was used in the Tamil region to write Sanskrit, are sometimes used to represent sounds not native to Tamil, that is, words adopted from Sanskrit, Prakrit , and other languages. The traditional system prescribed by classical grammars for writing loan-words, which involves respelling them in accordance with Tamil phonology, remains, but
6132-437: The vatteluttu script was used until the current script was standardized. The language has a distinct grammatical structure, with agglutinative morphology that allows for complex word formations. Tamil is predominantly spoken in Tamil Nadu , India, and the Northern and Eastern provinces of Sri Lanka . It has significant speaking populations in Malaysia , Singapore , and among diaspora communities . Tamil has been recognized as
6216-456: The villagers now hold the Union Minister in high regard. Tamizhselvan drops all charges against Arjun, seeing that he had stolen the money, which was black for good intentions, and arrests the Union Minister. The credits revealed that Divya, Tamizhselvan, and Arjun are all actively involved in Manimangalam's development. In April 2016, it was announced that Vishal and Suraj would team up for
6300-474: The weak script and poor characterisation". The film became Vishal's third consecutive commercial success, and he began to emerge in Tamil films. His next film, the political action drama Sivappathigaram (2006), directed by Karu Palaniappan was a failure financially despite favourable reviews. His next film was released in January 2007, Hari 's multi-starring family action drama Thaamirabharani (2007) and
6384-517: The word for "here"— iṅku in Centamil (the classic variety)—has evolved into iṅkū in the Kongu dialect of Coimbatore , inga in the dialects of Thanjavur and Palakkad , and iṅkai in some dialects of Sri Lanka . Old Tamil's iṅkaṇ (where kaṇ means place) is the source of iṅkane in the dialect of Tirunelveli , Old Tamil iṅkiṭṭu is the source of iṅkuṭṭu in
6468-431: Was Irumbu Thirai directed by newcomer P. S. Mithran which released in May 2018. And second was Sandakozhi 2 released in October 2018 was written and directed by N. Lingusamy . A sequel to the successful Sandakozhi (2005), the film stars Vishal in his 25th film. The film turned out to be an average grosser. In 2019, he did one movie titled Action directed by Sundar C . The film received mixed reviews and
6552-526: Was Vishal's debut production venture, while the former was the film debut of Aishwarya Arjun , the daughter of Arjun Sarja . Vishal opted to produce and collaborate with Thiru for a third venture Naan Sigappu Manithan (2014), a revenge drama, in which his character had narcolepsy . To prepare for the lead role, Vishal read up and studied real life case studies of people with the disorder, citing that there were no references from cinema which he could watch and learn. Then he had acted under director Hari for
6636-526: Was a Tamilian himself, in a joint sitting of both houses of the Indian Parliament on 6 June 2004. The socio-linguistic situation of Tamil is characterised by diglossia : there are two separate registers varying by socioeconomic status , a high register and a low one. Tamil dialects are primarily differentiated from each other by the fact that they have undergone different phonological changes and sound shifts in evolving from Old Tamil. For example,
6720-464: Was a box office failure. In 2021, he acted in Chakra directed my newcomer M.S Anandan. The film received mixed reviews from critics and audience and become an average grosser. His movies, Enemy (2021), Veeramae Vaagai Soodum (2022) and Laththi (2022) opened to mixed reviews from critics. However, his next film, Mark Antony (2023) received positive reviews from critics and audience and became
6804-586: Was claimed to be dated to around 580 BCE. John Guy states that Tamil was the lingua franca for early maritime traders from India. Tamil language inscriptions written in Brahmi script have been discovered in Sri Lanka and on trade goods in Thailand and Egypt. In November 2007, an excavation at Quseir-al-Qadim revealed Egyptian pottery dating back to first century BCE with ancient Tamil Brahmi inscriptions. There are
6888-585: Was described to have "improved from his Chellamae days" and "clicked as an action hero". Film journalists stated that he was "the fastest rising action hero" of the time. After a cameo as himself in Sasi 's Dishyum (2006), he went on to appear in Tarun Gopi 's action film Thimiru (2006). The film opened to mixed reviews with Vishal being praised for his intense performance with a critic calling his performance "the film's only strength and, to an extent, making up for
6972-604: Was most likely spoken around the third millennium BCE, possibly in the region around the lower Godavari river basin. The material evidence suggests that the speakers of Proto-Dravidian were of the culture associated with the Neolithic complexes of South India, but it has also been related to the Harappan civilization . Scholars categorise the attested history of the language into three periods: Old Tamil (300 BCE–700 CE), Middle Tamil (700–1600) and Modern Tamil (1600–present). About of
7056-451: Was the emergence of the present tense. The present tense evolved out of the verb kil ( கில் ), meaning "to be possible" or "to befall". In Old Tamil, this verb was used as an aspect marker to indicate that an action was micro-durative, non-sustained or non-lasting, usually in combination with a time marker such as ṉ ( ன் ). In Middle Tamil, this usage evolved into a present tense marker – kiṉṟa ( கின்ற ) – which combined
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