Kashima ( 鹿島郡 , Kashima-gun ) was a district located in Ibaraki Prefecture , Japan .
23-803: [REDACTED] Look up 鹿島 in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Kashima (鹿島) may refer to: Places in Japan [ edit ] Kashima District, Ibaraki , a district in Ibaraki Prefecture Kashima, Ibaraki , a city in Ibaraki Prefecture Kashima Soccer Stadium Kashima Soccer Stadium Station , railway station Kashima Power Station Kashimajingū Station , railway station Kashima-Ōno Station , railway station Kashima Shrine ,
46-437: A population is often defined as a set of organisms in which any pair of members can breed together. They can thus routinely exchange gametes in order to have usually fertile progeny, and such a breeding group is also known therefore as a gamodeme. This also implies that all members belong to the same species. If the gamodeme is very large (theoretically, approaching infinity), and all gene alleles are uniformly distributed by
69-464: A Shinto god who restrains the Namazu Kashima (surname) Kashima Railway Line , a closed railway line Kashima Reiko, a Japanese urban legend, similar to Teke Teke See also [ edit ] Kajima , the construction corporation, pronounced with a J instead of a SH sound Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
92-736: A Shinto shrine Kashima, Saga , a city in Saga Prefecture Hizen-Kashima Station , railway station Kashima Gatalympics , an annual sporting event Kashima, Kumamoto , a town in Kumamoto Prefecture Kashima, Shimane , a town in Shimane Prefecture Kashima, Fukushima , a former town in Fukushima Prefecture (now part of Minamisōma, Fukushima) Kashima Station (Fukushima) , railway station Kashima District, Ishikawa ,
115-716: A district in Ishikawa Prefecture Kashima, Ishikawa , a former town in Ishikawa Prefecture (now part of Nakanoto, Ishikawa) Kashima, Kagoshima , a former village in Kagoshima Prefecture (now part of Satsumasendai, Kagoshima) Kashima Station (Osaka) , a railway station in Yodogawa-ku, Osaka Kashima Domain , a historical tozama feudal domain of the Edo period Port of Kashima , seaport located in
138-471: A few programs, most notably the Chinese government's one-child per family policy, have resorted to coercive measures. In the 1970s, tension grew between population control advocates and women's health activists who advanced women's reproductive rights as part of a human rights -based approach. Growing opposition to the narrow population control focus led to a significant change in population control policies in
161-408: A group of human beings with some predefined feature in common, such as location, race , ethnicity , nationality , or religion . In ecology , a population is a group of organisms of the same species which inhabit the same geographical area and are capable of interbreeding . The area of a sexual population is the area where interbreeding is possible between any opposite-sex pair within
184-527: A resident population within a given jurisdiction. The term is also applied to non-human animals , microorganisms , and plants , and has specific uses within such fields as ecology and genetics . The word population is derived from the Late Latin populatio (a people, a multitude), which itself is derived from the Latin word populus (a people). In sociology and population geography , population refers to
207-400: Is a koryū teaching kenjutsu Military [ edit ] Japanese battleship Kashima , a pre-dreadnought battleship operating from 1906 to 1924 Japanese cruiser Kashima , a light cruiser operated from 1940 until 1947 JDS Kashima (TV-3508) , a Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force training vessel operated from 1995 to present Other uses [ edit ] Kashima (god) ,
230-600: Is not even known to the nearest million, so there is a considerable margin of error in such estimates. Researcher Carl Haub calculated that a total of over 100 billion people have probably been born in the last 2000 years. Population growth increased significantly as the Industrial Revolution gathered pace from 1700 onwards. The last 50 years have seen a yet more rapid increase in the rate of population growth due to medical advances and substantial increases in agricultural productivity, particularly beginning in
253-611: Is often referred to as the demographic transition . Human population planning is the practice of altering the rate of growth of a human population. Historically, human population control has been implemented with the goal of limiting the rate of population growth. In the period from the 1950s to the 1980s, concerns about global population growth and its effects on poverty, environmental degradation , and political stability led to efforts to reduce population growth rates. While population control can involve measures that improve people's lives by giving them greater control of their reproduction,
SECTION 10
#1732868706796276-703: Is very likely that the world's population will stop growing before the end of the 21st century. Further, there is some likelihood that population will actually decline before 2100. Population has already declined in the last decade or two in Eastern Europe, the Baltics and in the former Commonwealth of Independent States. The population pattern of less-developed regions of the world in recent years has been marked by gradually declining birth rates. These followed an earlier sharp reduction in death rates. This transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
299-547: The 1960s, made by the Green Revolution . In 2017 the United Nations Population Division projected that the world's population would reach about 9.8 billion in 2050 and 11.2 billion in 2100. In the future, the world's population is expected to peak at some point, after which it will decline due to economic reasons, health concerns, land exhaustion and environmental hazards. According to one report, it
322-485: The United States Census Bureau, the world population hit 6.5 billion on 24 February 2006. The United Nations Population Fund designated 12 October 1999 as the approximate day on which world population reached 6 billion. This was about 12 years after the world population reached 5 billion in 1987, and six years after the world population reached 5.5 billion in 1993. The population of countries such as Nigeria
345-477: The area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals from other areas. In humans , interbreeding is unrestricted by racial differences, as all humans belong to the same species of Homo sapiens. In ecology, the population of a certain species in a certain area can be estimated using the Lincoln index to calculate the total population of an area based on the number of individuals observed. In genetics,
368-480: The breaking up of a large sexual population (panmictic) into smaller overlapping sexual populations. This failure of panmixia leads to two important changes in overall population structure: (1) the component gamodemes vary (through gamete sampling) in their allele frequencies when compared with each other and with the theoretical panmictic original (this is known as dispersion, and its details can be estimated using expansion of an appropriate binomial equation ); and (2)
391-588: The cities of Kamisu and Kashima Martial arts and sport [ edit ] Kashima Antlers (from Kashima, Ibaraki), is a professional football club playing in the J1 League Brew Kashima (from Kashima, Saga), is an amateur football club playing in the Kyushu Football League Kashima Shin-ryū is a koryū martial art Kashima Shintō-ryū is a koryū martial art focusing on kenjutsu Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū
414-410: The district had an estimated population of 141,935 and a density of 404.21 persons per km . The total area was 351.14 km . This Ibaraki Prefecture location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Population Population is the term typically used to refer to the number of people in a single area. Governments conduct a census to quantify the size of
437-691: The gametes within it, the gamodeme is said to be panmictic. Under this state, allele ( gamete ) frequencies can be converted to genotype ( zygote ) frequencies by expanding an appropriate quadratic equation , as shown by Sir Ronald Fisher in his establishment of quantitative genetics. This seldom occurs in nature: localization of gamete exchange – through dispersal limitations, preferential mating, cataclysm, or other cause – may lead to small actual gamodemes which exchange gametes reasonably uniformly within themselves but are virtually separated from their neighboring gamodemes. However, there may be low frequencies of exchange with these neighbors. This may be viewed as
460-463: The level of homozygosity rises in the entire collection of gamodemes. The overall rise in homozygosity is quantified by the inbreeding coefficient (f or φ). All homozygotes are increased in frequency – both the deleterious and the desirable. The mean phenotype of the gamodemes collection is lower than that of the panmictic original – which is known as inbreeding depression. It is most important to note, however, that some dispersion lines will be superior to
483-418: The panmictic original, while some will be about the same, and some will be inferior. The probabilities of each can be estimated from those binomial equations. In plant and animal breeding , procedures have been developed which deliberately utilize the effects of dispersion (such as line breeding, pure-line breeding, backcrossing). Dispersion-assisted selection leads to the greatest genetic advance (ΔG=change in
SECTION 20
#1732868706796506-756: The phenotypic mean), and is much more powerful than selection acting without attendant dispersion. This is so for both allogamous (random fertilization) and autogamous (self-fertilization) gamodemes. According to the UN, the world's population surpassed 8 billion on 15 November 2022, an increase of 1 billion since 12 March 2012. According to a separate estimate by the United Nations, Earth's population exceeded seven billion in October 2011. According to UNFPA , growth to such an extent offers unprecedented challenges and opportunities to all of humanity. According to papers published by
529-509: The title Kashima . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kashima&oldid=1184207928 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Kashima District, Ibaraki As of 2003,
#795204