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22-647: The Nagari Pracharini Sabha ( ISO : Nāgarī Pracāriṇī Sabhā lit.   ' Society for Promotion of Nagari ' ), also known as Kashi Nagari Pracharini Sabha , is an organization founded in 1893 at the Queen's College, Varanasi for the promotion of the Devanagari script and the Hindi language. Currently, the organization operates two additional official branches, located in New Delhi and Haridwar . The organization played

44-447: A central part of Puṣṭimārga liturgical singing-worship. However modern scholars consider the connection between Sūrdās and Vallabha and his sect to be ahistorical. The book Sur Sagar (Sur's Ocean) is traditionally attributed to Surdas. However, many of the poems in the book seem to be written by later poets in Sur's name. The Sur Sagar in its present form focuses on descriptions of Krishna as

66-624: A crucial role in its growth, contributing significantly through the addition of features such as the Roerich Room in 1932 and the launch of the art journal Kalā Nidhi in 1942. It also facilitated the Bhavan’s participation in prominent exhibitions in Kolkata , New Delhi , Varanasi , and London . In 1950, the collection was transferred to the Banaras Hindu University . Dictionaries are among

88-487: A memorial petition, resulting in the introduction of Nagari in the courts and primary education of the North Western Provinces and Oudh by 1900. Arya Bhasha Library: Established in 1896, this library is among the largest collections of Hindi literature in the country, housing rare manuscripts and printed books. It serves as an essential resource for Hindi scholars. Manuscript Collection: From 1900,

110-487: A pivotal role in promoting Khariboli for official and literary purposes, as well as in documenting and printing the existing literature of Braj Bhasha and Awadhi by locating and preserving manuscripts. The idea of establishing the Kashi Nagari Pracharini Sabha was conceived by three students at Queen's college , Varanasi – Babu Shyamsundar Das , Pandit Ramnarayan Mishra , and Shivkumar Singh . Among

132-731: A special initiative from the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts . In June 2021, the District Magistrate mandated the election of a new managing committee. However, this order was temporarily halted in July 2021 by the Allahabad High Court . The committee's voting took place on June 9, 2022, with the results being announced on April 6, 2023, when Vyomesh Shukla was elected as its Prime Minister. ISO 15919 ISO 15919

154-562: A very plebeian language, as the prevalent literary languages were either Persian or Sanskrit . His work raised the status of the Braj Bhasha from a crude language to that of a literary one. Surdas's poems are collectively known as the Sursagar or "Ocean of Sur" due to a large volume of poems attributed to his name. The traditional format of the Sursagar is divided into twelve parts, similar to

176-684: Is an international standard on the romanization of many Brahmic scripts , which was agreed upon in 2001 by a network of the national standards institutes of 157 countries. However, the Hunterian transliteration system is the "national system of romanization in India " and a United Nations expert group noted about ISO 15919 that "there is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products." Another standard, United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names (UNRSGN),

198-509: Is linked to the Braj region, where Krishna is said to have spent his childhood. The hagiographer Nabha Dass , in his Bhaktamal , praised Surdas for his poetic skill, especially in depicting "Hari's playful acts", a reference to Krishna's divine activities. Surdas also composed poems about Ram and Sita but primarily focused on Krishna's life and deeds. Surdas's poetry was written in a dialect of Hindi called Braj Bhasha , until then considered to be

220-513: Is no standard keyboard layout for ISO 15919 input but many systems provide a way to select Unicode characters visually. ISO/IEC 14755 refers to this as a screen-selection entry method . Surdas Traditional Surdas ( Sanskrit : सूरदास , romanized :  Sūradāsa ) was a 16th-century blind Hindu devotional poet and singer , who was known for his works written in praise of Krishna . His compositions captured his devotion towards Krishna. Most of his poems were written in

242-401: The transliteration of Sanskrit rather than the transcription of Brahmic scripts. As a notable difference, both international standards, ISO 15919 and UNRSGN transliterate anusvara as ṁ , while ALA-LC and IAST use ṃ for it. However, ISO 15919 provides guidance towards disambiguating between various anusvara situations (such as labial versus dental nasalizations), which is described in

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264-648: The Braj language, while some were also written in other dialects of medieval Hindi, like Awadhi. Sūrdās's biography is most often told through the lens of the Vallabha Sampradāya aka the Puṣṭimārga . The Puṣṭimārga regards Sūrdās as an initiated disciple of Vallabha , and his hagiography is told in the Caurāsī Vaiṣṇavan kī Vārtā by Gokulnāth and Harirāy. Sūrdās' poems, along with those of other Aṣṭachāp poets, form

286-649: The Hindu scripture, the Bhagavata Purana . Just as the Bhagavata Purana describes the life and actions of Krishna , the Sursagar also takes on a similar feat with a majority of its poems dedicated to Krishna. Many of the poems found in Sursagar are pads, containing six to ten rhymed verses. Other subject matter covered include Rama and Sita , Vishnu , Shiva , heroes within Hinduism like Gajendra and King Bali , and

308-582: The Sabha began sending researchers to villages and towns to explore and preserve handwritten manuscripts that were at risk of being lost. Today, the organization holds over 20,000 manuscripts and 1.25 lakh books. Publications: NPS has published books on various subjects, including Hindi literature and grammar . Notable publications include the Hindī Viśvakōṣa , Hindī Śabdasāgar , and works on famous poets like Surdas , Tulsidas , and Kabirdas . In recent times

330-520: The establishment of the institution, English and Urdu were the official languages. Due to the efforts of the Sabha, notably Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya , from 1900, the use of Nagari was allowed, and it became mandatory for government employees to know both Hindi and Urdu. Advocacy for Devanagari in Courts: Pandit Malaviya took significant steps to ensure the implementation of Nagari in courts. The efforts included collecting signatures for

352-527: The institute has faced ongoing challenges, including a legal dispute concerning its officials. In January 2020, reports indicated that efforts by both the central and Uttar Pradesh governments aimed to revitalize were underway. The state government announced the establishment of the Bharatendu Academy, while the Ministry of Culture planned to preserve rare manuscripts, enhancing their presentation through

374-414: The lovely child of Gokul and Vraj , written from the gopis ' perspective. The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature suggests a birth year of 1258 into a Brahmin family of Uttar Pradesh. Sources state he was either a Sārasvata Brāhmaṇa , a Jāṭa , or a Ḍhāṛhī . Surdas, whose name translates to "servant of the sun", is celebrated as the pinnacle of poetic artistry in Braj bhasha . This language

396-443: The many scholarly publications by the Sabha. The Hindi-śabdasāgara by Śyāmasundara Dāsa was first published 1916–1928, with a new edition published 1965–1975. The Sabha also organized and held the first All India Hindi Literature Conference. After its establishment, the committee began undertaking significant important tasks. A brief summary of its key activities over the years is as follows: Official script and language: Before

418-587: The members in the first year were renowned scholars such as Pandit Sudhakar Dwivedi , George Grierson , Ambikadatt Vyas, and Chaudhary Premghan. In 1899, it helped Chintamani Ghosh , proprietor of Indian Press, establish Saraswati , first monthly magazine in Modern Standard Hindi , which came out in January 1900. On March 3, 1930, the institute inaugurated the Bharat Kala Bhavan . The Sabha played

440-611: The poet's spiritual struggles. Eight disciples of Vallabha Acharya are called the Aṣṭachāp , (Eight seals in Hindi), named after the oral signature chap written at the conclusion of literary works. Sur is considered to be the foremost among them. Several films have been made about the poet's life. These include: Surdas (1939) by Krishna Dev Mehra, Bhakta Surdas (1942) by Chaturbhuj Doshi , Sant Surdas (1975) by Ravindra Dave , Chintamani Surdas (1988) by Ram Pahwa. The legend of

462-629: The table below. The table below shows the differences between ISO 15919, UNRSGN and IAST for Devanagari transliteration. Only certain fonts support all Latin Unicode characters for the transliteration of Indic scripts according to this standard. For example, Tahoma supports almost all the characters needed. Arial and Times New Roman font packages that come with Microsoft Office 2007 and later also support most Latin Extended Additional characters like ḍ, ḥ, ḷ, ḻ, ṁ, ṅ, ṇ, ṛ, ṣ and ṭ. There

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484-636: Was developed by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) and covers many Brahmic scripts. The ALA-LC romanization was approved by the Library of Congress and the American Library Association and is a US standard. The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is not a standard (as no specification exists for it) but a convention developed in Europe for

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