Misplaced Pages

#270729

88-502: In 1956, about 1,275 acres (5.16 km) of land in the area that is now Karmiel, owned by residents of the nearby Israeli Arab villages of Deir al-Asad , Bi'ina and Nahf , were declared "closed areas" by Israeli authorities. This area, near the main road between Acre and Safed, had been an important marble quarrying site. In 1961, the Israeli authorities expropriated the land to build Karmiel. The villagers were offered "equally good land" in

176-511: A machon . The Midrashot focus on Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) and Machshavah ( Jewish thought ); some offer specialized training in Halakha: Nishmat certifies women as Yoatzot Halacha , Midreshet Lindenbaum as to'anot ; Lindenbaum, Matan , and Ein HaNetziv offer Talmud-intensive programs in rabbinic-level halakha. Community education programs are offered by Emunah , and Matan, across

264-696: A snood , or a mitpachat (Hebrew for "kerchief") – and often wear sandals; their skirts are longer and looser fitting. On Shabbat, men often wear a (blue) suit – atypical in Israel outside the Haredi world – and a large white crocheted kippah . At prayer, the members of the community typically use the Koren Siddur or the Rinat Yisrael . Homes often have on their bookshelves a set of the Steinsaltz Talmud (much as

352-557: A youth movement , Bnei Akiva , which was founded in 1929. Mizrachi believes that the Torah should be at the centre of Zionism , a sentiment expressed in the Mizrachi Zionist slogan Am Yisrael B'Eretz Yisrael al pi Torat Yisrael ("The people of Israel in the land of Israel according to the Torah of Israel"). It also sees Jewish nationalism as a tool for achieving religious objectives. Mizrachi

440-558: A boys’ high school is a " Yeshiva Tichonit " . Some institutions are aligned with the Hardal community, with an ideology that is somewhat more "statist". The leading Yeshiva here is Har Hamor ; several high schools also operate. Defunct Defunct Most Religious Zionists embrace right-wing politics, especially the religious right-wing Jewish Home party and more recently the Religious Zionist Party , but many also support

528-468: A descendant of Saladin through the latter's son al-Aziz Uthman . Selim spent two months in Damascus and likely became acquainted with Shaykh al-Asad through Ibn Arraq. Al-Burini's account holds that Shaykh al-Asad was granted the village to settle in with his children and Sufi devotees and that its original Christian inhabitants were expelled by the sultan's order; Layish theorizes that the sultan intended for

616-511: A family tree preserved by Shaykh al-Asad's descendants, he did not have a son by this name, but rather an agnate grandson, Ahmad ibn Mahfuz. His other sons continued to reside in Deir al-Bi'ina, which became known as Deir al-Asad by dint of its association with Shaykh al-Asad. Shaykh al-Asad died in 1569. The descendants of his four sons are known as the Asadi clan and their original area of residence forms

704-634: A foreign implant into Judaism; it is nothing but idolatry. And its younger sister, "religious nationalism (l'umis datis)", is idol worship that combines Hashem's name and heresy together (avodah zarah b'shituf). Chaim Brisker said, "The Zionists have already won because they got the Jews to look at themselves as a nation." Sholom Dovber Schneersohn , also known as the Rebbe Rashab, was the fifth Lubavitcher Rebbe. He opposed both secular and religious Zionism . In 1903, he published Kuntres Uma'ayan , which included

792-494: A hair accessory, as opposed to a sheitel (wig) in the Haredi style. In the Hardal community, the dress is generally more formal, with an emphasis on appearing neat. The kippot, which are also knitted, are significantly larger, and it is common for tzitzit to be visibly worn, in keeping with the Haredi practice; payot (sidelocks) are similarly common, as is an (untrimmed) beard. Women invariably cover their hair – usually with

880-513: A knowledge of art. Unfortunately, the Druses have half demolished it, and what they have spared has been converted into a stable." Denys Pringle named it "The abbey Church of St. George," and dated it do the 12th century. The mosque and tomb of Shaykh al-Asad al-Safadi is a two-domed structure, situated about 50 meters (160 ft) south of the Crusader abbey and church remains. The smaller chamber, to

968-539: A lack of government planning and construction. The local government is the Municipality of Karmiel, which is responsible for all the municipal matters regarding the City. Adam Tal was the first official head of the group that founded Karmiel in 1964. Avraham Argov replaced him and was himself replaced in 1968 by Baruch Venger, who headed the municipality of Karmiel until his death in office on November 22, 1988. His successor

SECTION 10

#1732884901271

1056-624: A local police station, informing the police that they were staying in the area without permission. Eventually, the perceived leaders were arrested and tried before a military tribunal. Karmiel was one of the first cities in Israel to be established according to an urban master plan. It was built as part of the Central Galilee Development Project. Work began in 1963, and the official inauguration ceremony took place in October 1964. The first 16 families moved in at that time. A tender for

1144-475: A network of community youth and sports centers and the international ORT Braude College of Engineering with a student body of 3,500 studying computers, electronics, industrial administration, biotechnology and other subjects. A biotechnology research and development center will also open at the college. However, despite a gradual increase in the Arab-Israeli population of Karmiel (c. six percent as of 2020), there

1232-569: A part of a divine scheme which would result in the resettlement of the Jewish people in its homeland. This would bring Geula ("salvation") to Jews, and then to the entire world. After world harmony is achieved by the re-foundation of the Jewish homeland, the Messiah will come. Although this has not yet happened, Kook emphasized that it would take time, and that the ultimate redemption happens in stages, often not apparent while happening. In 1924, when Kook became

1320-473: A population of approximately 120,000 residents. Since 1980, six new neighborhoods have been developed and populated. A technical college has been serving the community since 1989. As of 2016, work is underway to create a further neighborhood on Mount Karmi on Karmiel's western fringe. "Nitzotz-Machanaiym" is a Religious Zionist community center which caters to the Russian-speaking population of Karmiel. It

1408-478: A pre-army Mechina educational program, delaying their service by one year. 88% of Hesder students belong to combat units, compared to a national average of below 30%. Students at Mercaz HaRav , and some Hardal yeshivot, undertake their service through a modified form of Hesder. While some Religious Zionist women serve in the army, most choose national service, known as Sherut Leumi , instead (working at hospitals, schools, and day-care centers). In November 2010,

1496-557: A purpose." (page 222 ) Some Haredi Jews view establishing Jewish sovereignty in the Holy Land before the coming of the Messiah as forbidden, as a violation of the Three Oaths . This would apply whether those who established this sovereignty were religious or secular. Another reason Haredi Jews opposed Zionism that had nothing to do with the establishment of a state or immigration to Palestine

1584-478: A socialist state (not in the Marxist meaning ) that will be a light for the nations and bring salvation to the world. Shlomo Avineri explained the last part of Kook's answer: "... and the end of those pioneers, who scout into the blindness of secularism and atheism, but the treasured light inside them leads them into the path of salvation – their end is that from doing Mitzva without purpose, they will do Mitzva with

1672-488: A spring nearby. A population list from about 1887 showed that Deir al-Asad had about 725 inhabitants, all Muslims. In the 1922 census of Palestine , conducted by the British Mandate authorities , Deir al-Asad had a population of 749, all Muslim, increasing in the 1931 census to 858, still all Muslims, living in total of 179 houses. By the 1945 statistics , Deir al-Asad had 1,100 inhabitants, all Muslims. They owned

1760-592: A strong criticism against Zionism. He was concerned that nationalism would replace Judaism as the basis of Jewish identity. Rav Elyashiv also denounced the actions of religious Jews joining Zionist organizations as separating from authentic Judaism. In 2010, Rav Elyashiv published a letter criticizing the Shas Party for joining the World Zionist Organization (WZO) . He wrote that the Party "is turning its back on

1848-454: A symbol of the Holy Land and of their return to it, as promised by God in numerous Biblical prophecies . Despite this, many Jews did not embrace Zionism before the 1930s, and certain religious groups opposed it then, as some groups still do now, on the grounds that an attempt to re-establish Jewish rule in Israel by human agency was blasphemous. Hastening salvation and the coming of the Messiah

SECTION 20

#1732884901271

1936-516: A total of 8,366 dunams of land, while 7 dunams were public. 1,322 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 1,340 used for cereals, while 38 dunams were built-up (urban) land. Units from the Arab Liberation Army evacuated Deir al-Asad and Bi'ina on 29 October 1948. Village notables officially surrendered to Israeli forces the next day and Israel's Golani Brigade entered on 31 October. The inhabitants of both villages were assembled in

2024-513: A yearly beer festival event, which included music and food, and was usually held in October. The 5th and last festival was held in 2019, being cancelled the next year and not renewed due to the corona pandemic . In 2011, a Terem emergency care clinic was opened in Karmiel. The clinic is under the medical management of Dr. Walid Assadi and is open seven days a week, including Sabbath and holidays. Israel's four national health funds all maintain clinics in

2112-633: Is Arabic for monastery and al-Khidr is a name used in Arabic to refer to St. George) soon after his conquest of the coastal cities of Syria from the Mamluks in 1516. Shaykh al-Asad was originally from the village of Hammara in the Beqaa Valley, moved to Damascus where he became a student of the Sufi sage Ibn Arraq , a follower of Ibn Arabi's school of thought, before settling in Deir al-Bi'ina by at least 1510, before

2200-485: Is located at the entrance to the city. The bronze sculptures were made by Jewish sculptor and artist Nicky Imber (1920-1996). The sculptures are separated into three groups: Holocaust, wondering and hope; which represent the story of the Jewish people from the time of the Holocaust to the return to the holy land. The Karmiel Quarries Park is a 12.4-acre park developed on the site of a defunct limestone quarry. One section of

2288-494: Is no Arabic-speaking school. In November 2020, Krayot Magistrate's Court dismissed a lawsuit brought by Attorney Nizar Bakri on behalf of his two Arab Israeli nephews, alleging their right to education in Karmiel had been infringed by the municipality's failure to provide transport to and from Arabic-language schools outside the town. In his ruling the judge said that Karmiel was a Jewish city and Arabic-language schools could change its demographic balance and character. This ruling

2376-619: Is one of a number of similar centers in Israel which operate in the framework of the Machanaiym "Communities" project. Rabbi Eli Talberg is the director of Natzotz-Machanyim, which is located on the first floor of "Kikar Ha'Ir" (often called "The Old Mall"). Activities include a beit midrash , conversion classes, Hebrew classes , a youth club, a women's club, and additional workshops and activities for all ages. The community also organizes regular educational tours throughout Israel and participates in sporting and social events with other branches of

2464-512: The Ain al-Hilweh camp in Lebanon. A significant part of its agricultural lands were confiscated by the authorities in 1962 and formed part of the new Jewish city of Karmiel. Most of Deir al-Asad's residents belong to the clans of Asadi, descendants of Shaykh Muhammad al-Asad, and Dabbah, established in the village in the 18th century. In 2003 Deir al-Asad was merged with Bi'ina and nearby Majd al-Krum to form

2552-535: The Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Palestine , he tried to reconcile Zionism with Orthodox Judaism . Religious Zionists believe that Eretz Israel (the Land of Israel) was promised to the ancient Israelites by God . Furthermore, modern Jews have the obligation to possess and defend the land in ways that comport with the Torah 's high standards of justice . To generations of diaspora Jews , Jerusalem has been

2640-591: The Druze community when Victor Guérin visited in the 1875, but by the late 1870s, they had emigrated to the Hauran to avoid conscription by the Ottoman army . In the PEF 's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) in 1881, Deir al-Asad was described as a village of 600 Muslims, containing a few ruins of the original Christian settlement. It was surrounded by olive trees and arable land, with

2728-699: The Histadrut . In 1956, Mizrachi, HaPoel HaMizrachi, and other religious Zionists formed the National Religious Party to advance the rights of religious Zionist Jews in Israel. The National Religious Party (NRP) operated as an independent political party until the 2003 elections. In the 2006 elections, the NRP merged with the National Union (HaIchud HaLeumi). In the 2009 elections, the Jewish Home (HaBayit HaYehudi)

Karmiel - Misplaced Pages Continue

2816-569: The IDF . Certain segments of Orthodoxy defer their service, in order to engage in full-time Torah study for purpose of spiritual development in unison with warfare. Religious Zionist belief advocates that both are critical to Jewish survival and prosperity. For this reason, many Religious Zionist men take part in the Hesder program, a concept conceived by Rabbi Yehuda Amital which allows military service to be combined with yeshiva studies. Some others attend

2904-549: The Karmiel Dance Festival , a yearly event since 1988. The festival is usually held for 3 days and nights in July, and includes dance performances, workshops, and open dance sessions. The festival began as a celebration of Israeli folk dance, but today it features many different dance forms from all around the globe, and attracts thousands of dancers and hundreds of thousands of spectators from many countries. Karmiel used to host

2992-685: The Land of Israel . Religious Zionism revolves around three pillars: the Land of Israel, the People of Israel , and the Torah of Israel. The Hardal ( חרדי לאומי , Ḥaredi Le'umi , 'Nationalist Haredi ') are a sub-community, stricter in its observance, and more statist in its politics. Those Religious Zionists who are less strict in their observance – although not necessarily more liberal in their politics – are informally referred to as " dati lite". In 1862, German Orthodox Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Kalischer published his tractate Derishat Zion , positing that

3080-550: The Lifshitz College of Education . These colleges often offer ( master's level ) specializations in Tanakh and Machshava . High school students study at Mamlachti Dati (religious state) schools, often associated with Bnei Akiva . These schools offer intensive Torah study alongside the matriculation syllabus , and emphasize tradition and observance; see Education in Israel § Educational tracks . The first of these schools

3168-907: The Semikha test of the Chief Rabbinate of Israel (the "Rabbanut"); until his passing in 2020, often for that of the posek R. Zalman Nechemia Goldberg . Training as a Dayan (rabbinic judge) in this community is usually through Machon Ariel ( Machon Harry Fischel ), also founded by Rav Kook, or Kollel Eretz Hemda ; the Chief Rabbinate also commonly. The Meretz Kollel has trained hundreds of community Rabbis. Women study in institutions which are known as Midrashot (sing.: Midrasha) – prominent examples are Midreshet Ein HaNetziv and Migdal Oz . These are usually attended for one year either before or after sherut leumi . Various midrashot offer parallel degree coursework, and they may then be known as

3256-556: The 16th century, historical accounts, and local folklore, Deir al-Asad was granted to the 16th-century Sufi sage Shaykh Muhammad al-Asad, who was also known as Ibn Abd Allah al-Asadi, and bore the alternative epithets al-Safadi (of Safed ) or al-Biqa'i (of the Beqaa Valley ). The waqf documents maintain that Sultan Selim I ( r.  1512–1520 ) was the grantor. On the other hand, the Damascene historian al-Burini (d. 1615), who

3344-420: The Asadi clan numbered some 800 persons and by 1984, they were about 2,400, accounting for roughly half of the population. In 2000 the two clans each numbered about 3,000 members in the town. Members of the Asadi clan continued to administer and receive the proceeds of the waqf of Shaykh al-Asad at least through the 1980s. In 2003, the municipality of Deir al-Asad merged with Majd al-Krum and Bi'ina to form

3432-584: The Communities project. According to The Times of Israel , as of 2020, Israeli Arabs "...now constitute around six percent of Karmiel's population - around 2,760 people..." The Israel Democracy Institute report of 2018, as quoted in The Times of Israel, suggests Karmiel is one of a number of cities 'in the process of being mixed', and reflects the upward mobility of some Arab Israelis, who seek to move into predominantly Jewish towns and cities, which do not suffer from

3520-492: The IDF held a special conference which was attended by the heads of Religious Zionism, in order to encourage female Religious Zionists to join the IDF. The IDF undertook that all modesty and kosher issues will be handled, in order to make female Religious Zionists comfortable. Religious Zionists are often called Kippot sruggot , or "sruggim", in reference to the knitted or crocheted kippot (skullcaps; sing. kippah ) which are worn by

3608-569: The Majd al-Kurum valley was expropriated for the Karmiel town project, stripping the village of its most fertile acres and irreparably harming the local economy in the process. Only the hill land to the north, consisting mainly of olive groves, remained. Today only 10% of the labour force can work on the land, over 80% commute daily to the factories of Haifa or work as labourers on Jewish farms. The two main clans of Deir al-Asad are Asadi and Dabbah. In 1957

Karmiel - Misplaced Pages Continue

3696-563: The Mamluks and the village's St. George monastery was mentioned as treating the mentally ill in the late 14th century. The modern Muslim village of Deir al-Asad, previously known as Deir al-Bi'ina or Deir al-Khidr, was established in 1516 when the Ottoman sultan Selim I granted its monastery as a waqf (religious endowment) to the Sufi sage Shaykh Muhammad al-Asad, who settled in it with his family and devotees. The village's original Christian population

3784-455: The Ottoman conquest. Although local folklore attributes the name Asad (Arabic for lion) to his taming of a lion, Layish surmises that the name was already established; by his summation, Shaykh al-Asad was possibly a kinsman of Asad al-Sham Abd Allah al-Yunini (d. 1220) from Younin in the Beqaa Valley, who was a Sufi mystic and warrior in the army of Saladin in the wars against the Crusaders, or

3872-666: The Religious Zionist movement is the yeshiva founded by Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook in 1924, called in his honor " Mercaz haRav " (lit., the Rabbi's center). Other Religious Zionist yeshivot include Ateret Cohanim , Beit El yeshiva , and Yeshivat Or Etzion , founded by Rabbi Haim Druckman , a foremost disciple of Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda Kook . Machon Meir is specifically outreach -focused. There are approximately 90 Hesder yeshivot, allowing students to continue their Torah study during their National Service (see below ). The first of these

3960-540: The adjacent village of Bi'ina it formed the site of the Crusader monastery town of St. George de la Beyne, an administrative center of the eponymous fief which spanned part of the central Galilee. Control of the fief changed several times from the noble Milly family to Joscelyn III of Courtenay and ultimately to the Teutonic Order before the area passed to Mamluk rule in the late 13th century. Settlement continued under

4048-555: The administrative center of the fief, which included Sajur and Buqei'a . According to the historian Joshua Prawer , the Crusader name "la Beyne" was from the Arabic name of the village "al-Bi'ina" and St. George was likely a corruption of the Arabic word sajara , which means "grove". It was exchanged by a certain Philip, head of the Milly family from Champagne , for lands in Transjordan and

4136-575: The area, but when Moshe Sneh ( Maki ) and Yusef Khamis ( Mapam ) brought the case to the Knesset on behalf of the villagers, the Knesset established that there was no such land. According to the Haredi newspaper She'arim , about 10 square kilometres (3.9 sq mi) (394 lots) were confiscated by a court order on 4 March 1963, at the request of the Israel Development Authority . However,

4224-530: The basics of Charedi Jewry of the past hundred years. He compared this move to the decision of the Mizrachi movement to join the WZO [over one hundred years ago], which was the deciding factor in their separation from authentic Torah Judaism. The first rabbis to support Zionism were Yehuda Shlomo Alkalai and Zvi Hirsch Kalischer . They argued that the change in the status of Western Europe 's Jews following emancipation

4312-531: The central square of Bi'ina where Israeli troops picked four men at random, two from each village, and had them executed in a nearby olive grove. A further 270 men were transferred to a prisoners-of-war camp while the remainder of the inhabitants were temporarily ousted to the environs of nearby Rameh . Israeli troops looted the villages then allowed the inhabitants to return after a few days. On 5 November Israeli troops blew up three houses in Deir al-Asad. On 6 January 1949, 62 people from villages depopulated during

4400-406: The city encompasses an area of about 24 km with a population of about 50,000 residents, approximately 40% of whom are immigrants from 75 countries. The city also receives significant internal migration of Haredi families. Since 1990, 16,000 immigrants have arrived in Karmiel, the majority of whom are from the former Soviet Union . According to the national master plan, by 2020 Karmiel will have

4488-492: The city of Shaghur . However, it was reinstated in 2008 after Shaghur was dissolved. In 2022 it had a population of 13,078. The large remains of a Crusader church and abbey was already noted by Guérin and the "Survey of Western Palestine". Guérin noted after his 1875 visit that: "Constructed of small stones very regularly cut, this church had three naves and three apses . Its windows were narrow, and fashioned like actual loopholes, and several details of its architecture show

SECTION 50

#1732884901271

4576-501: The city. In addition, Karmiel has dental clinics, general clinics, and private clinics. Karmiel was the first Israeli city to receive ISO 9002 certification for the quality of its services. It is one of the few Israeli cities with ISO 1410 certification for environmental standards. Karmiel has enacted by-laws to protect the environment and prevent pollution, and become a center for clean industries and advanced technology enterprises that abide by these standards. The Holocaust Memorial Park

4664-611: The construction of Karmiel's main roads was issued in 1963, and Mekorot built a water pipe network connecting Karmiel, Rameh , Sha'ab and other nearby villages. In 1972, Karmiel was granted development town status, which bolstered its growth due to government-provided economic incentives to attract young couples. In 1981, Karmiel was awarded the Beautiful Israel prize and the Kaplan Prize for Management and Services. Karmiel achieved city status on November 20, 1986. The first mayor

4752-465: The core of Deir al-Asad. Other Muslim clans in the village moved there to find refuge and were given the protection of the Asadi clan. The attraction to Deir al-Asad during the early Ottoman era may have stemmed from its inhabitants' exemption from army service and the village's reputation as a refuge, including for criminals evading government pursuit. According to local tradition, two brothers whose descendants formed Deir al-Asad's Dabbah clan settled in

4840-469: The country. For degree studies, many attend Bar Ilan University , which allows students to combine Torah study with university study, especially through its Machon HaGavoah LeTorah ; Jerusalem College of Technology similarly (which also offers a Haredi track). There are also several colleges of education which are associated with the Hesder and the Midrashot , such as Herzog College , Talpiot , and

4928-416: The divine scheme and actually committing a great Mitzvah . The role of religious Zionists is to help them to establish a Jewish state and turn the religious spark in them into a great light. They should show them that the real source of Zionism and the longed-for Zion is Judaism and teach them Torah with love and kindness. In the end, they will understand that the laws of Torah are the key to true harmony and

5016-530: The east and north, respectively. Karmiel sits on the Shagor mountain range, which stretches from Mount Hazon in the east (584 m (1,916.01 ft), next to Maghar ) to Mount Gilon in the west (367 m (1,204.07 ft), at Gilon ). Western Karmiel was built on the Karmi (362 m) and Makosh (315 m) mountains. Work on a new railway line linking Haifa and Karmiel began in 2011 and opened in 2017. As of 2007,

5104-659: The fief came under the full control of the Teutonic Order . The combined site of Deir al-Asad and Bi'ina remained inhabited under the Mamluks . The historian al-Qalqashandi (d. 1418) noted it was a village of the Sajur district and contained a monastery. A Mamluk source active as the Islamic head judge of Safad in the 1370s, Shams al-Din al-Uthmani, noted that the monastery treated the mentally ill. According to Ottoman waqf (religious endowment) documents from 1838 and likely as early as

5192-409: The hills around Hebron . The king of Jerusalem became the fief's seigneur and the services of Henricus de Milly, a wealthy relative of Philip, were transferred to the king as well. Henricus and his household continued to reside in St. George de la Beyne. A Crusader building still exists in the center of Deir al-Asad and Bi'ina which was identified as a Carthusian abbey. St. George de la Beyne

5280-404: The land He promised to Abraham , Isaac , and Jacob . God wants the children of Israel to return to their home in order to establish a Jewish sovereign state in which Jews could live according to the laws of Torah and Halakha , and commit the Mitzvot of Eretz Israel (these are religious commandments which can be performed only in the Land of Israel ). Moreover, to cultivate the Land of Israel

5368-411: The land was rocky, uninhabited and unfit for agriculture. In 1964, when local Arabs applied for permission to move into the town, Minister of Housing Yosef Almogi replied that "Karmiel was not built to solve the problems for the people in the surrounding area." In February 1965, 400 protesters marched from Tel Aviv to protest against "discrimination of a group of our citizens". Representatives went to

SECTION 60

#1732884901271

5456-475: The mainstream right-wing Likud . There are also some left-wing Religious Zionists, such as Rabbi Michael Melchior , whose views were represented by the Meimad party (which ran together with the Israeli Labor party ). Many Israeli settlers in the West Bank are Religious Zionists, along with most of the settlers forcibly expelled from the Gaza Strip in August and September 2005. Generally, all adult Jewish males and females in Israel are obligated to serve in

5544-444: The men (although some of the men wear other types of head coverings, such as black velvet kippot ). Otherwise – particularly for the "dati lite" – their style of dress is largely the same as secular Israelis, with jeans less common; on Shabbat , they wear a stereotypically white dress shirt (recently a polo shirt in some sectors), and often a white kippah . Women usually wear (long) skirts, and often cover their hair, usually with

5632-402: The neighboring villages, leading to casualties and damage to buildings, roads, and cars. Karmiel is located on the Acre–Safed road , on the northern edge of the Lower Galilee . It lies in the Beit HaKerem Valley and its elevation is 330 m (1,082.68 ft). The Hilazon Stream passes slightly to the south of Karmiel. Its tributaries, the Shezor and Shagor Streams pass through Karmiel on

5720-511: The north, holds the tomb of Shyakh al-Asad, while the southern, larger chamber holds a prayer hall. To the east there is a courtyard. Religious Zionist Religious Zionism ( Hebrew : צִיּוֹנוּת דָּתִית , romanized :  Tziyonut Datit ) is a religious denomination that views Zionism as a fundamental component of Orthodox Judaism . Its adherents are also referred to as Dati Leumi ( דָּתִי לְאֻמִּי , 'National Religious'), and in Israel, they are most commonly known by

5808-399: The park is a sculpture garden. An amphitheater on the grounds of the park hosts local events and incorporates a drainage system that collects rainfall which is later used for watering greenery. Deir al-Asad Deir al-Asad ( Arabic : دير الأسد ; Hebrew : דֵיר אֶל-אַסַד ; "The Lion's Monastery") is an Arab village in the Galilee region of Israel , near Karmiel . Together with

5896-414: The plural form of the first part of that term: Datiim ( דתיים , 'Religious'). The community is sometimes called 'Knitted kippah ' ( כִּפָּה סְרוּגָה , Kippah seruga ), the typical head covering worn by male adherents to Religious Zionism. Before the establishment of the State of Israel , most Religious Zionists were observant Jews who supported Zionist efforts to build a Jewish state in

5984-454: The results of a long process of modernization within the Jewish communities of Europe, known as the Haskalah , or Jewish Enlightenment. Rabbi Kook's answer was as follows: Secular Zionists may think they do it for political, national, or socialist reasons, but in fact – the actual reason for them coming to resettle in Israel is a religious Jewish spark ("Nitzotz") in their soul , planted by God. Without their knowledge, they are contributing to

6072-460: The salvation of the Jews, promised by the Prophets , can come about only by self-help. Rabbi Moshe Shmuel Glasner was another prominent rabbi who supported Zionism. The main ideologue of modern Religious Zionism was Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook , who justified Zionism according to Jewish law , and urged young religious Jews to support efforts to settle the land, and the secular Labour Zionists to give more consideration to Judaism. Kook saw Zionism as

6160-428: The single municipality of Shaghur , the name of the Ottoman district in which the towns had once been part, but the municipal union was dissolved in 2008. Deir al-Asad means "the lion's monastery" in Arabic. In the Crusader period, the immediate region operated as a fiefdom , known as St. George de la Beyne. Deir al-Asad and Bi'ina were the actual village of St. George de la Beyne and Deir al-Asad likely served as

6248-435: The village to become a Muslim nucleus in order to strengthen Islamic control of the "security sensitive" area whose proximity to the coast left it vulnerable to European Christian penetration. Shaykh al-Asad was concurrently appointed the imam of the mosque established in the monastery of St. George and as the administrator of the waqf property. His son Ahmad (d. 1601) later founded a Sufi lodge in Safed, although according to

6336-510: The village's upper neighborhood in the 18th century. Deir al-Asad possessed a large fortified monastery called St. George. The site's earlier Christian inhabitants relocated to Bi'ina, where they built a new monastery, giving to it the same name as the former. In 1838, Deir al-Asad was noted as a village in the Shaghur district, which was located between Safad , Acca and Tiberias . Deir al-Asad and nearby Bi'ina were both inhabited by members of

6424-478: The war were rounded up and expelled by the Israeli authorities. A number of Deir al-Asad's inhabitants became refugees in Lebanon and some 2,500 members of the village's Asadi clan resided in the Ain al-Hilweh camp in 1982. Before 1962 Deir al-Asad was self-sufficient in food. The village produced enough meat, fruit, wheat and vegetables for its inhabitants and sold the surplus in Acre or Nazareth . In 1962 its land in

6512-542: Was Yeshivat Kerem B'Yavneh , established in 1954; the largest is the Hesder Yeshiva of Sderot , with over 800 students. Others which are well known include Yeshivat Har Etzion , Yeshivat HaKotel , Yeshivat Birkat Moshe in Maale Adumim , Yeshivat Har Bracha , Yeshivat Sha'alvim , and Yeshivat Har Hamor. These institutions usually offer a kollel for Semikha , or Rabbinic ordination. Students generally prepare for

6600-457: Was Adi Eldar, who was re-elected several times. In November 2018, Moshe Kuninsky was elected Mayor of Karmiel. Karmiel has four high schools, four junior high schools, a vocational training center, nine state-run elementary schools, one state-run religious school (including high school), an independent education elementary school, a school for gifted children and an educational farm, many kindergartens, nursery schools and daycare centers, as well as

6688-464: Was Baruch Venger, followed by Adi Eldar, who has remained in this position until Moshe Kuninsky took his place in 2018. 18,000 new immigrants settled in Karmiel between 1990 and 2002. And in the 2000s, some SLA families were resettled in Karmiel following the Israeli withdrawal from South Lebanon. During the Second Lebanon War in 2006, Hezbollah fired 180 Katyusha rockets into Karmiel and

6776-527: Was a Mitzvah by itself, and it should be carried out. Therefore, settling Israel is an obligation of the religious Jews, and helping Zionism is actually following God's will." Socialist Zionism envisaged the movement as a tool for building an advanced socialist society in the land of Israel, while solving the problem of antisemitism . The early kibbutz was a communal settlement that focused on national goals, unencumbered by religion and precepts of Jewish law such as kashrut . Socialist Zionists were one of

6864-605: Was based on Basic Law: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People , which states that "the right to exercise national self-determination in the State of Israel is unique to the Jewish people." Critics say the law constitutionally enshrines Jewish supremacy and ethno-religious discrimination in Israel's Basic Law and relegates the Arab minority to an inferior status. The city is known for

6952-501: Was bequeathed to Henricus's daughter Helvis. By 1182, St. George de la Beyne came under the control of Joscelyn III of Courtenay . In 1187 the area was captured by Muslim forces under Saladin before passing again to Crusader control. While it was still under Muslim rule, the fief was transferred to the Pisans of Conrad de Montferrat. At a later point it was transferred to a descendant of Henricus and Josceleyn III. Between 1220 and 1249

7040-472: Was considered religiously forbidden, and Zionism was seen as a sign of disbelief in God's power, and therefore, a rebellion against God. Rabbi Kook developed a theological answer to that claim, which gave Zionism a religious legitimation: "Zionism was not merely a political movement by secular Jews. It was actually a tool of God to promote His divine scheme, and to initiate the return of the Jews to their homeland –

7128-417: Was established at Kfar Haroeh by Moshe-Zvi Neria in 1939; " Yashlatz ", associated with Mercaz HaRav, was founded in 1964, and predates several schools similarly linked to Hesder yeshivot , such as that at Sha'alvim; see also the school-networks AMIT and Tachkemoni . Today, there are 60 such institutions, with more than 20,000 students. A Dati Leumi girls' high school is referred to as an " Ulpana ";

7216-443: Was expelled by the same order and relocated to Bi'ina, while a Druze community which established itself in the village emigrated to the Hauran by the late 1870s. The village was captured by Israel in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, immediately after which it was temporarily emptied of its inhabitants and looted by Israeli troops before its residents were allowed to return, although a number of inhabitants became Palestinian refugees in

7304-478: Was formed in place of the NRP. Other parties and groups affiliated with religious Zionism are Gush Emunim , Tkuma , and Meimad . Kahanism , a radical branch of religious Zionism, was founded by Rabbi Meir Kahane , whose party, Kach , was eventually banned from the Knesset. Today, Otzma Yehudit and the Religious Zionism Party are the leading Dati Leumi parties. The flagship religious institution of

7392-527: Was founded in the center of the country as the core of a fourth bloc that came into being after the establishment of the state. The Labor Movement wing of Religious Zionism, founded in 1921 under the Zionist slogan "Torah va'Avodah" (Torah and Labor), was called HaPoel HaMizrachi . It represented religiously traditional Labour Zionists , both in Europe and in the Land of Israel, where it represented religious Jews in

7480-450: Was in turn copied by the historian Muhammad al-Muhibbi (d. 1699), and the village tradition hold that Sultan Suleiman ( r.  1520–1566 ) was the grantor. The modern historian Aharon Layish considers the former version to be correct. Selim, a sultan with strong Sufi sympathies who particularly favored Ibn Arabi , to whose Sufi school Shaykh al-Asad belonged, granted the village, then known as Deir al-Bi'ina or Deir al-Khidr ( deir

7568-587: Was the first official Religious Zionist party. It also built a network of religious schools that exist to this day. In 1937–1948, the Religious Kibbutz Movement established three settlement blocs of three kibbutzim each. The first was in the Beit Shean Valley, the second was in the Hebron mountains south of Bethlehem (known as Gush Etzion ), and the third was in the western Negev . Kibbutz Yavne

7656-651: Was the first step toward redemption (גאולה), and that, therefore, one must hasten the messianic salvation by a natural salvation – whose main pillars are the Kibbutz Galuyot ("Gathering of the Exiles"), the return to Eretz Israel, agricultural work (עבודת אדמה), and the revival of the everyday use of the Hebrew language . The Mizrachi organization was established in 1902 in Vilna at a world conference of Religious Zionists. It operates

7744-426: Was the ideology of secular Zionism itself. Zionism's goal was first and foremost a transformation of the Jewish People from a religious society – whose sole shared characteristic was the Torah – into a political nationality, with a common land, language, and culture. Elchonon Wasserman said: The nationalist concept of the Jewish people as an ethnic or nationalistic entity has no place among us, and it's nothing but

#270729