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24-540: Uitenhage was founded on 25 April 1804 by landdrost (district magistrate) Jacob Glen Cuyler and named in honour of the Cape's Commissioner-General Jacob Abraham Uitenhage de Mist by the Dutch Cape Colony governor, Jan Willem Janssens . Uitenhage formed part of the district of Graaff Reinet (shortly after its short-lived secession). The Cape Colony received a degree of independence when " Responsible Government "

48-526: A black horizontal strip with a wavy edge, and a triple-crowned tree with a Batavian Republic flag wrapped around it. The crest was an elephant , and the motto Per laborem ad honorem . Landdrost Landdrost ( Dutch: [ˈlɑndrɔst] ) was the title of various officials with local jurisdiction in the Netherlands and a number of former territories in the Dutch Empire . The term

72-695: A gold coronet. The arms were registered with the Cape Provincial Administration in September 1956 and at the Bureau of Heraldry in June 1994. Divisional council — The Uitenhage divisional council (the local authority for the rural areas outside the town) assumed a coat of arms in 1968. The arms were granted by the provincial administrator in August 1968 and registered at the Bureau of Heraldry in June 1972. On

96-602: A north-westerly direction as Trunk Road and bypasses Swartkops to the south. It intersects with the M17 route (Dibanisa Road) and continues in a west-north-westerly direction. It then runs on the outskirts of the metropole, through Redhouse and Perseverance (where it meets the M14 route ) and after a few kilometres, it intersects with the R75 freeway (to Port Elizabeth and Uitenhage) at an interchange south-east of Despatch Central, just south-west of

120-469: Is a Dutch compound, with land meaning "region" and drost , from Middle Dutch drossāte (droes-state, bloke-castle, state-holder) which originally referred to a lord’s chief retainer (who later became the medieval seneschal or steward ), equivalent to: Originally, a drost in the Low Countries – where various titles were in use for similar offices – was essentially a steward or seneschal under

144-622: The Dutch Occupation Zone in Germany . On 22 March 1949, the Allies agreed to let the Netherlands occupy and annex some German border territories. These included the municipalities of Havert, Hillensberg, Millen, Süsterseel, Tüddern (Dutch: Tudderen), Wehr, parts of Höngen, Gangelt, Schumm, Saeffelen as well as Elten and Hoch-Elten. The Dutch annexation effectively started on 23 April that year, with

168-773: The Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality . Kariega also lies at the start of the Mohair Route which leads along Route 75 towards Graaff-Reinet (the centre for mohair farming in South Africa), 228 kilometres to the northwest via Jansenville on Route 75 . Kariega is known for the large industries situated there. The largest of these industries are the Volkswagen of South Africa and Goodyear factories. An automotive supplier park, Alexander Park Industrial, has also been created directly next to

192-692: The Azalea Park suburb. At that interchange, they switch roads, with the R75 becoming the road westwards (a dual carriageway) and the M19 becoming the road northwards. At the immediate next junction, as the road northwards becomes the M6 route , the M19 becomes the road westwards (Main Street; Botha Street) through Despatch Central. West of Despatch Central, it intersects with the R75 freeway again at an off-ramp and immediately after meeting

216-777: The Boer republics, each proclaimed district had a landdrost. With the annexation of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State during the Boer War, the office fell away, the landdrosts being replaced by British-style magistrates . Since 1958, "landdros" has been used as the Afrikaans term for a magistrate . In 1823 the Kingdom of Hanover , then in personal union with the UK, adopted

240-582: The British, new districts were created at George and Grahamstown ( Albany district), while Lord Charles Somerset moved the seat of the Tulbagh district to the new town of Worcester . It came to more gubernatorial significance in some of the Boer polities that seceded after the British took over the colony, notably: A similar gubernatorial role in other Boer polities was played by officials styled Kaptyn ('captain', in

264-674: The Republic of South Africa, Uitenhage became a centre for resistance against apartheid. In 1985, police opened fire on a funeral procession in Uitenhage, killing a number of unarmed people, in an event that became notorious as an example of police oppression in South Africa under apartheid . In 2001 it was incorporated with Port Elizabeth and Despatch into the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality . On 23 February 2021, Minister of Sports, Arts and Culture , Nathi Mthethwa approved and gazetted

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288-690: The Southern IJsselmeer Polders) until it was partitioned into municipalities. M19 (Port Elizabeth) The M19 (sometimes referred to as the R367 ) is a metropolitan route in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality in South Africa that connects Swartkops with Uitenhage via Despatch . The route begins at a junction with the R102 (Grahamstown Road) in Swartkops and runs in

312-550: The Volkswagen factory, thus allowing automotive component manufacturers to construct their manufacturing plants close by. Other industries of note are the food processing giant, Sovereign Foods, located in Kruisrivier industrial area and The Nelson Mandela Bay Logistics Park which hosts several other industries, including Fauricia. These industries are heavily interlinked. The R75 highway , also known as Route 75, bypasses Kariega to

336-462: The arms were stated: "Or, a triple crowned tree Vert, the trunk entwined with the Batavian tricolour; on a chief wavy Sable a cross moline between dexter a pickaxe and hammer in saltire, handles downwards and sinister two scrolls in saltire, Argent." In layman's terms, the design was a golden shield displaying, from top to bottom, a crossed pickaxe and hammer, a cross moline and two crossed scrolls on

360-456: The decision to rename Uitenhage to Kariega along with the neighbouring city of Port Elizabeth, which was renamed Gqeberha. Kariega is situated on the banks of the Swartkops River , approximately 30 kilometres (18.6 miles) north-west of Gqeberha . Kariega, along with the city of Gqeberha, the neighbouring town of Despatch , the adjoining township of KwaNobuhle and surrounding areas, form

384-496: The east, heading north–south from Graaff-Reinet to Gqeberha with interchanges at the M19, M6, R334 and Graaff-Reinet Road. The R334 connects Kariega with Coega to the east and with KwaNobuhle and the R102 (near Van Stadens Pass ) to the south-west. The town is also intersected by metropolitan routes such as the M6 (Caledon Street; Union Avenue) to Despatch in the east, the M10 (Durban Street; Algoa Road) to Bethelsdorp in

408-596: The following two jurisdictions declared: This situation lasted until 11 August 1963, when all territories were returned except for minor frontier adjustments, following German agreement to pay war compensation. After the creation of the Zuidelijke IJsselmeerpolders , now part of the province of Flevoland , the newly claimed area was governed by the landdrost of the Openbaar Lichaam Zuidelijke IJsselmeerpolders (Public Body of

432-489: The local lord, exercising various functions depending on the endlessly varied local customary law , e.g. tax collection, policing, prosecution , and carrying out sentences . In many Lower Rhenish and Westphalian and Lower Saxon estates of the Holy Roman Empire the term Landdrost or Drost(e) described the chief executive official of a military, jurisdictional and/or police ambit, representing his lord-paramount of

456-472: The new Uitenhage drostdy. The arms were Sable, a cross moline Argent , i.e. a silver cross moline on a black shield. An anchor was placed behind the shield. The British authorities discontinued the drostdy seals in 1814, and replaced them with the royal coat of arms. Municipality — In 1881, the Uitenhage municipal council adopted the De Mist arms, complete with a crest consisting of a cross moline issuing from

480-682: The original sense of Headman). In the Cape Colony , an ordinance passed in 1827 abolished the old Dutch "landdrost" and courts of heemraden , instead substituting British-type resident magistrates , who would act only in English. Most of the Cape’s magistrates were also civil commissioners , in charge of civil divisions – the Cape Peninsula was a single division (the Cape division) with three magisterial districts: Cape Town , Wynberg and Simon’s Town . In

504-653: The south-west, the M19 (Botha Street) to Despatch and the M22 (Marconi Street; Mel Brooks Avenue) to KwaNobuhle in the south. The main streets through the CBD, known as Uitenhage Central, include Cuyler Street, Caledon Street in Upper Central and Durban Street in Lower Central. Drostdy — In 1804, the Cape colonial government assigned the shield of Jacob Abraham Uitenhage de Mist 's arms to

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528-482: The term for its administrative subdivisions called Landdrostei[en] (sg.[pl.]), each presided over by a Landdrost, with those terms then translated into English as High-Bailiwick and High-Bailiff. On 1 April 1885 the terms were replaced in Hanover by the terms Regierungsbezirk (governorate) and Regierungspräsident (governor). After World War II, the old landdrost title was re-used for two extraordinary jurisdictions within

552-928: The territory, therefore often appearing with the affix 'land-'. Among the many territories using the term were the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen , the Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim , the County of Mark , and the Duchy of Mecklenburg . The office was also introduced in the Dutch colony established at the Cape of Good Hope . The first was appointed in Stellenbosch , and further landdrosts were appointed as new districts were proclaimed: Drakenstein ( Paarl ), Swartland ( Malmesbury ), Tulbagh , Swellendam , Graaff-Reinet and Uitenhage . Under

576-526: Was declared in 1872. In 1875, the Cape government of John Molteno took over the rudimentary Uitenhage railway site, incorporated it into the Cape Government Railways (CGR), and began construction of the lines connecting Uitenhage to Port Elizabeth and the Southern African interior. Two years later in 1877 , Uitenhage was declared a municipality. Nearly a hundred years later, as part of

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