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50-807: The oldest written sample of the Thaana script in which the Dhivehi language is written is found in Kanditheemu. It is inscribed on the door posts of the main Hukuru Miskiy (Friday mosque) of the island. The dates 1008 AH (1599AD) and 1020AH (1611AD) are written on either sides of the door as the dates for the building and the renewal of the roof during the reigns of Ibrahim Kalaafaan (Sultan Ibrahim III) and Hussain Faamuladeyri Kilege (Sultan Hussain II) respectively. The island

100-425: A close associate of Nasir to TVM on 23 November 2008, one day after Nasir's death. Maniku said he met President Nasir at Bangkok Airport in 1990 after Nasir had been pardoned by the government, and Nasir had told Maniku he had sent a letter to President Gayoom requesting permission to return to Maldives and to live anywhere in the country approved by him. According to Maniku, Nasir had told him that he had not received

150-538: A diacritic, indicates prenasalization of a following stop . For a sample text, see the article on Qaumee salaam , the Maldives' national anthem. Even though it is not part of the alphabet, Arabic ligature Allah ﷲ is used for writing names in Thaana, for example އަބްދުﷲ (Abdullah). "Allah" is never written in thaana, with the ligature ﷲ used. The letter alifu (އ) is used for three different purposes other than acting as

200-492: A massacre. This crackdown effectively erased Thinadhoo as a functioning community for years and instilled fear across the Maldives, reinforcing central control under Nasir’s rule. The events remain a painful memory for many and continue to provoke debates about justice and accountability in Maldivian history. Although Nasir preferred to keep a cordial relationship with the nations of the world, both Nasir's premiership and presidency

250-446: A normal consonant: it can act as a carrier for a vowel in the second part of a diphthong (if there is a preceding consonant with a vowel); when it carries a sukun , it indicates gemination (lengthening) of the following consonant (even if the consonant is at the beginning of another word); and if alifu + sukun occurs at the end of a word, it indicates that the word ends in a glottal stop . Gemination of nasal consonants , however,

300-555: A reply from Gayoom. On 22 November 2008, at the age of 82, Nasir died at Mount Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore . Though the cause of death is unknown, he had kidney problems which plagued him in the time before his death. Nasir's body was flown to the Maldives, where his body was displayed in Theemuge , the presidential palace in Malé , on 23 November. The day was declared a national holiday in

350-681: A source of controversy and criticism for Nasir. In 1960, Nasir renegotiated the agreement with the United Kingdom , which allowed them to continue the operation and use both the Gan and the Hithadhoo facilities for thirty years, but now the British were required to pay £ 750,000 from 1960 to 1965 for the Maldives' economic development. The base was closed in 1976 as part of the larger British withdrawal of permanently-stationed forces ' East of Suez '. Nasir

400-592: A way similar to tally marks.) The order of the Thaana alphabet ( ha, shaviyani, noonu, raa, baa, etc. ) does not follow the order of other Indic scripts or of the Arabic script. There is no apparent logic to the order; this has been interpreted as suggesting that the script was scrambled to keep it secret from average islanders. The script was originally used primarily to write magical ( fanḍita ) incantations. These included Arabic quotations, written from right to left. Maldivian learned men, who were all well versed in sorcery, saw

450-459: Is 258.78 km (161 mi; 140 nmi) north of the country's capital, Malé . The island lies on the North West of the atoll near the border with Miladhunmadulhu-Thiladhunmathi atoll borders. The total land area of the island is 0.89 km (0.34 sq mi) and surrounded by deep lagoons on the northern and southern end of the island, where boats can be anchored. The main occupation of

500-476: Is U+0780–U+07BF: Ibrahim Nasir Ibrahim Nasir Rannabandeyri Kilegefan ( Arabic : إبراهيم ناصر ; Dhivehi : އިބްރާހިމް ނާޞިރު ރަންނަބަނޑޭރި ކިލޭގެފާނު ; 2 September 1926 – 22 November 2008), KCMG , NGIV commonly known as Ibrahim Nasir , was a Maldivian politician who adhered to the non-aligned ideology and was a staunch anti-imperialist . Nasir served as the Prime Minister of

550-417: Is a Persian name). Naviyani (ޱ) represents the voiced retroflex nasal "ṇ" ( [ɳ] ) common to many Indic languages . This letter was abolished from Maldivian official documents around 1953. The letter's former position in the Maldivian alphabet was the sixteenth, between Gaafu and Seenu, instead of Gnaviyani (ޏ). The former position of Gnaviyani (ޏ) was 22nd. It is still seen in reprints of old books like

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600-503: Is also credited for establishing the tourism industry in the Maldives , as well as rapidly modernizing and developing the country and economy. Ibrahim Nasir was born on 2 September 1926 in Fuvahmulah , Maldives, to Ahmad Didi of Velaanaage from Male' and Nayaage Aishath Didi from Fuvahmulah . Nasir is descended from the royal houses Huraa from his paternal side and Dhiyamigili from his maternal side. Nasir's mother, Aishath Didi,

650-514: Is commonly regarded as the first airport in the Maldives, despite the existence of a previous airport in Addu called RAF Gan (Royal Air Force Station Gan) built by the British Empire during their protectorate of Maldives. Some notable achievements during Nasir's rule: On the 26th of July 2015, to mark 50 years of independence, Nasir was awarded the 50th Independence Day Shield of Honour (accepted by

700-475: Is indicated by noonu + sukun preceding the nasal to be geminated. Originally, each letter had the name "consonant+ a + viyani ". The suffix - viyani originated from the word viyana which came from Sanskrit व्यञ्जन vyáñjana . For example, haa was originally called haviyani . The names of consonants which had equivalent sounds in Arabic were changed to the Arabic names for the sounds (excepting gaafu , which

750-480: Is said that until Nasir left Malé, Gayoom praised and talked in favour of him (as in his first speech after being sworn in as president). However, after Nasir left Malé everything changed. Mass demonstrations were held against him, labeling him a traitor, and calling for his death. He was tried in absentia and sentenced. Gayoom led a massive demonstration against Nasir on 16 May 1980 and the 'crowd' to which Gayoom spoke (between 15,000 and 20,000 people attended, with

800-484: The Bodu Tarutheebu, and it is used by the people of Addu Atoll and Fuvahmulah when writing songs or poetry in their dialects as the sound is still present in their spoken dialects. These additional letters ( thikijehi thaana ) were added to the Thaana alphabet by adding a nukuthaa (dot) to existing letters, to allow for transliteration of Arabic loanwords, as previously Arabic loanwords were written using

850-745: The Soviets who contacted him about it later during his presidency. Upon achieving independence in 1965, the Maldives was invited to join the Commonwealth of Nations . Nasir declined this invitation due to Nasir seeing the Commonwealth as being an organization under the British Empire . The Maldives would however go on to join the Commonwealth of Nations during Maumoon's tenure in 1982. The events in Thinadhoo under President Ibrahim Nasir’s administration in

900-566: The UN . Small states that had long been independent such as San Marino and Monaco and they were not admitted to become members of the UN . Western Samoa which became independent only a few years prior to the Maldivian independence also was not admitted to the UN . The flag of the Maldives was raised at the UN headquarters on October 12, 1965. The tourism industry began to develop during Nasir's tenure when

950-618: The prime minister under the reign of Muhammad Fareed Didi from 12 December 1957, until the former was sworn in as the first President of the Second Republic of Maldives. He was also the Minister of Finance from December 1957 to November 1968. Nasir favoured neutrality during his premiership and later presidency. Nasir was keen on expelling the British from RAF Gan and seeking independence from them. Nasir also did not want to give this base to

1000-520: The 1960s are among the darkest chapters in Maldivian history. Following the end of the short-lived United Suvadive Republic (1959-1963), Nasir’s government undertook a brutal campaign to suppress dissent in Thinadhoo, one of the key islands involved in the secessionist movement. Reports suggest that government forces launched an attack on the island in 1962, resulting in widespread violence. Homes were burned, and many residents were forcibly evacuated or killed, marking what some historians and locals refer to as

1050-562: The Arabic vowel signs , fatḥah, kasrah and ḍammah . The ebefili looks similar to and is most likely modelled on the Urdu baṛī ye . Long vowels (aa, ee, oo, ey and oa) are denoted by double fili , with the exception of oa, which is a modification of the short obofili . Thaana was added to the Unicode Standard in September 1999 with the release of version 3.0. The Unicode block for Thaana

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1100-412: The Arabic script. Their usage is inconsistent, and becoming less frequent as the spelling changes to reflect pronunciation by Maldivians, rather than the original Arabic pronunciation, as the words get absorbed into the Maldivian language. There are five vowel strokes or diacritical signs ( Dhivehi : ފިލި , romanized :  fili ) for short vowels (a, i, u, e, o). The first three are derived from

1150-453: The Maldives from 1957 to 1968 under the monarchy, and later the first President of the Second Republic of Maldives from 1968 to 1978. Nasir served two terms (one term consisting of 5 years), then he decided to retire, even though the People's Majlis voted him in for a third term. Nasir is remembered as an independence hero for guiding the Maldives to independence from the British Empire , he

1200-496: The Maldives government and formed an independent state, the United Suvadive Republic with Abdullah Afeef as president and Hithadhoo as its capital. The United Suvadive Republic had the backing of the British , however they changed their stance after Nasir sent gunboats from Malé, and Abdullah Afeef went into exile, which culminated in the controversial event of depopulation of Havaru Thinadhoo . This resulted in

1250-451: The Maldives, and tens of thousands of Maldivians flocked to see Nasir's body. At the presidential palace, former President Mohamed Nasheed were among those who paid their respects to Nasir. His funeral prayer was led by Dr. Abdul Majeed Abdul Bari after the Fajr (dawn) prayers on Monday, 24 November 2008. After the funeral prayers, Nasir was laid to rest at dawn at the cemetery attached to

1300-513: The Nasir family), in recognition of his contribution to achieving independence as well as development of the Maldives post independence. Nasir's hasty introduction of the Latin alphabet ( Malé Latin ) in 1976 instead of local Thaana script – reportedly to allow for the use of telex machines in the local administration – was widely criticised. Clarence Maloney, a Maldives-based U.S. anthropologist, lamented

1350-399: The advantages of writing in this simplified hidden script, and Thaana was gradually adopted for everyday use. Thaana nearly disappeared for a brief period in recent history. Towards the mid-1970s, during President Ibrahim Nasir 's reign, Telex machines were introduced by the Maldivian government in the local administration. The new telex equipment was viewed as a great progress, but Thaana

1400-436: The country, some of which have been since reinstated. When Nasir relinquished power, Maldives was debt-free to the international community, and corruption was effectively under control. Under his watch, the national shipping line with more than 40 ships that were plying the oceans of the world remained a source of national pride for Maldivians. It was a remarkable success story among the maritime nations of South Asia. His tenure

1450-561: The default romanization of Dhivehi . During his tenure as Prime Minister of the Sultanate of Maldives , Nasir was challenged in 1959 by a local secessionist movement in the three southernmost atolls that benefited economically from the British presence on Gan , because Nasir intended to cancel the Gan military agreement with the British. This group of islands consisting of Huvadu Atoll , Addu Atoll and Nasir's home island Fuvahmulah , cut ties with

1500-448: The exception of yaa , which is of unknown origin. This means that Thaana is one of the few writing systems not derived graphically from the original Semitic alphabet —unless the Indic numerals were (see Brahmi numerals ). (The Ogham script used in 1st millennium AD Ireland is another example, which also has some relation to numbers, since most of its letters are differentiated from others in

1550-416: The first tourist agency known as "Crescent Tourist Agency". Ever since tourism has flourished and become the most important industry in the Maldives. During the 50 Golden Year of Tourism anniversary event in 2022, Nasir was awarded a special award (accepted by the Nasir family) and recognition for his part in founding the tourism industry in the Maldives. Ibrahim Nasir was sworn in as the second President of

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1600-421: The forced evacuation of the island's entire population and the subsequent destruction of their homes and property. The incident has been criticized as a violation of human rights and a crime against humanity . While others have praised Nasir for his leadership and decisive action in ending the separatist movement for good and restoring national unity. Nevertheless, his involvement in the Thinadhoo incident remains

1650-492: The government at the time made efforts to diversify the economy beyond fishing and agriculture, Nasir believed the revenue would help boost the economy and modernize the country. Although the United Nations mission at the time advised against it. However, in 1972, the first resort, Kurumba Island Resort was opened, the second resort Bandos Island Resort was personally developed and opened by Nasir, and he also personally set-up

1700-422: The inconsistencies of the "Dhivehi Latin" which ignored all previous linguistic research on the Maldivian language and did not follow the modern Standard Indic transliteration . At the time of the romanization every island's officials were required to use only one script. The Thaana script was reinstated by President Gayoom shortly after he took power in 1978. However, Malé Latin continues to be widely used as

1750-481: The independent Republic of Maldives on 11 November 1968. Nasir pursued a non-aligned policy as president. His foreign policy involved establishing and maintaining positive relations with nations around the globe, Nasir believed that investing into tourism would both help the development of the country as well as further his foreign policy. In 1976, the Maldives officially joined the Non-Aligned Movement . He

1800-606: The older Dhives Akuru alphabet . The oldest written sample of the Thaana script is found in the island of Kanditheemu in Northern Miladhunmadulu Atoll . It is inscribed on the door posts of the main Hukuru Miskiy (Friday mosque) of the island and dates back to 1008 AH (AD 1599) and 1020 AH (AD 1611) when the roof of the building was built and then renewed during the reigns of Ibrahim Kalaafaan (Sultan Ibrahim III) and Hussain Faamuladeyri Kilege (Sultan Hussain II) respectively. The origins of Thaana are unique among

1850-563: The people of Kanditheemu is fishing. This Maldives location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Thaana Thaana , Tãnaa , Taana or Tāna (  ތާނަ ) is the present writing system of the Maldivian language spoken in the Maldives . Thaana has characteristics of both an abugida (diacritics, vowel-killer strokes ) and a true alphabet (all vowels are written), with consonants derived from indigenous and Arabic numerals, and vowels derived from

1900-443: The political ladder. Nasir was married three times and had five children. His first wife was Aisha Zubair (Tuttudon Goma), whom he married in 1950. They had a son named Ahmed Nasir. In 1953, he married Mariyam Saeeda Didi, with whom he had two sons, Ali Nasir and Mohamed Nasir. In 1969, Nasir married Naseema Mohamed Kaleyfan , with whom he had a son and a daughter, Ismail Nasir and Aishath Nasir, respectively. Ibrahim Nasir served as

1950-559: The population of Malé then being about 35,000) in which he discussed his views about how Nasir came to power, how he had been one of the leaders in the overthrow of first president Mohamed Amin in 1953 and how he had allegedly mishandled government money. However, the allegations against Nasir were never proven. Gayoom later pardoned him in July 1990, but never granted permission for him to return to Maldives. This point turned out to be proven according to an interview given by Kuvaa Mohamed Maniku,

2000-434: The vowel diacritics of the Arabic abjad . Maldivian orthography in Thaana is largely phonemic . H. C. P. Bell , the first serious researcher of Maldivian documents, used the spelling Tāna, as the initial consonant is unaspirated. The spelling Thaana was adopted in the mid-1970s, when the government of the Maldives embarked on a short period of Romanization; /t/ was transcribed ⟨th⟩ , as ⟨t⟩

2050-434: The world's writing systems: The first nine letters ( h ṣ n r b ḷ k ʔ v ) are derived from the Arabic numerals, whereas the next nine ( m f d t l g ṇ s ḍ ) were the local Indic numerals. (See Hindu–Arabic numerals .) The remaining letters for loanwords ( z ṭ y p j c ñ ) and Arabic transliteration ( h̤ ḵ ž ʕ ġ w ẕ t̤ ẓ s̱ q s̤ ż ś ) are derived from phonetically similar native consonants by means of diacritics (like nuqta ), with

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2100-410: Was characterized by significant progress in the country's industrial and economic sector, while also heavily modernizing and industrialising the country. Among the notable achievements during his administration was starting the tourism industry which brought about an economic boom and placed the Maldives on the map as well as the construction of Hulhulé airport (now Velana International Airport ), which

2150-408: Was credited with many other improvements such as introducing an English-based modern curriculum to government-run schools. He brought television and radio to the country with formation of Television Maldives and Radio Maldives for broadcasting radio signals nationwide. He abolished Vaaru , a tax on the people living on islands outside Malé , as well as many other taxes on various imports to

2200-464: Was deemed to be an obstacle because messages on the telex machines could only be written in the Latin script . Following this, a rough Latin transliteration for Maldivian was officially approved by the Maldivian government in 1976 and was quickly implemented by the administration. Booklets were printed and dispatched to all Atoll and Island Offices, as well as schools and merchant liners. The Thaana script

2250-474: Was marked with by a strained relationship with the Maldives' former colonial overlord . Less than two months after securing independence, Nasir secured membership in the United Nations on 21 September 1965, against the opposition of countries that did not feel that the UN was the place for small states. The Maldives was the first state of its size (a population less than 80,000 in 1965) to be admitted to

2300-504: Was pardoned. Nasir was widely criticized during the Gayoom administration, especially during the early days of Gayoom's presidency. There were massive rallies in almost all the big islands of Maldives with indecent cartoons of Nasir organized by Gayoom's government, as well as cartoons of Nasir on the roads and in newspapers. Insulting anti-Nasir songs were recorded and distributed by the government, which were even played on national radio. It

2350-419: Was reinstated by President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom shortly after he took power in 1978, although the Latin transcription of 1976 continues to be widely used. Thaana, like Arabic, is written right to left. It indicates vowels with diacritic marks derived from Arabic. Each letter must carry either a vowel or a sukun (which indicates "no vowel"). The only exception to this rule is nūnu which, when written without

2400-484: Was succeeded by President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom who was then Minister of Transport and former permanent representative of the Maldives to the United States. The former president went into self-exile in Singapore on 7 December 1978 after resigning from his post. In 1981, Gayoom sentenced him to jail in absentia for alleged corruption charges and plotting a coup d'état ; none of the allegations were proven and Nasir

2450-902: Was the daughter of Moosa Didi, son of Dhadimagu Ganduvaru Maryam Didi, daughter of Hussain Didi, son of Al-Nabeel Karayye Hassan Didi, son of Prince Ibrahim Faamuladheyri Kilegefan , son of Sultan Muhammed Ghiya'as ud-din , son of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar II , son of Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin II of the Dhiyamigili dynasty . Nasir would spend his childhood in Fuvahmulah , after which Nasir's family moved to Malé , where he began studying and attended Madharusathul Salahiyya , which later became Majeediyya School in 1969. After finishing his studies in Malé , he would spend more time studying in Sri Lanka , before he returned to Malé and began his political career and rapidly climbed

2500-415: Was used for the voiceless retroflex plosive [ ʈ ] . The Thaana script first appeared in a Maldivian inscription towards the beginning of the 17th century in a crude initial form known as Gabulhi Thaana which was written scripta continua . This early script slowly developed, its characters becoming more graceful and oblique, and adding spaces between words. As time went by it gradually replaced

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