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21-638: A kampong is a village in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia or Singapore, and a port in Cambodia. Kampong may also refer to: Kampong The English word " compound ," when referring to a development in a town, is thought to be derived from the Malay word kampung . The word kampung or kampong is derived from Bahasa Melayu (the Malay language). The word is often translated today as "village" in English. In Brunei,

42-705: A hamlet , which is considered the opposite of the Indonesian kota ("city" in English). However, most Indonesian cities and towns initially consisted of a collection of kampung settlements. There are four typologies of kampung . They are: inner city kampung , which has very high density and is inhabited by 100,000 people per square kilometer; mid-city kampung , which is inhabited by 20,000–40,000 people per square kilometer; rural kampung , which has very low density; and squatter kampung , where people are scattered in metropolitan areas. Kampung also usually refers to

63-446: A place on a river or lake-shore where people can dock their private small boats. It also refers to a dock facility for commercial or passenger ferries and boats, such as Neak Loeung's ferry-dock (កំពង់ចម្លងអ្នកលឿង) and Akreiy Ksatr's ferry-dock (កំពង់ចម្លងអរិយក្សត្រ). The term kampong has been widely used in Cambodia, likely for thousands of years, to name places such as provinces, districts, communes and villages. Some examples include:

84-590: A settlement or compound of a certain ethnic community, which later became incorporated into a place name. Some examples include: the Kampung Melayu district in East Jakarta ; Kampung Bugis ( Buginese village); Kampung Cina (also known as Pecinan ), which refers to a Tionghoa village or could be equivalent to Chinatown as well; Kampung Ambon ( Ambonese village); Kampung Jawa ( Javanese village); and Kampung Arab ( Arab village). On

105-544: A sizable minority are Melanesian peoples concentrated in eastern Indonesia ( Oceania ). With its large population, Indonesia has the world's largest number of Austronesians and Melanesians. Based on ethnic classification, the largest ethnic group in Indonesia is the Javanese who make up about 40% of the total population. The Javanese are concentrated on the island of Java , the world's most populous island , particularly in

126-514: Is also home to Kampong Buangkok , as featured in the film The Last Kampong . Ethnic groups in Indonesia There are 1,340 recognised ethnic groups in the multicultural Indonesian archipelago , making it one of the most diverse countries in the world. The vast majority of these belong to the Austronesian peoples , concentrated in western and central Indonesia ( Asia ), with

147-501: Is common to see a cemetery near the mosque. Dirt roads are more common than paved roads for village people to travel between kampongs . The British initiated the Kampong Baru ("New Village") program as an attempt to push Malays into urban life. Malaysia's long-serving prime minister Mahathir Mohamad lauded urban lifestyles in his book The Malay Dilemma and associated kampong village life with backward traditionalism. He also had

168-524: Is generally led by a ketua kampung or village head . Infrastructure-wise, it typically has a primary school and a balai raya or dewan kemasyarakatan , the equivalent of a community centre . Because many kampongs have predominantly Muslim residents, each may also have a mosque for the Jumu'ah or Friday prayers and a school providing the Islamic religious primary education compulsory for Muslim pupils in

189-687: The Bantenese to be members of the Sundanese people ; however, others argue that they are different ethnic groups altogether since they have their own distinct dialects. This is also the case with the Baduy people , who share many cultural similarities with the Sundanese people . An example of hybrid ethnicity is the Betawi people , descended not only from marriages between different peoples native to Indonesia, but also intermarriages with Arab, Chinese and Indian migrants since

210-516: The kampung setinggan (squatter settlements) cleared and new buildings constructed to house their residents. The traditional Malay kampung is found in Singapore. However, few villages remain, mostly on islands surrounding Singapore (such as Pulau Ubin ). In the past, there were many more kampung in Singapore, but they were gradually replaced by development and urbanization plans. Development plans for Kampong Glam have been controversial. Singapore

231-802: The Batik Museum in Pekalongan , Central Java , were recognized by UNESCO regarding the "Education and training in Indonesian Batik intangible cultural heritage for elementary, junior, senior, vocational school and polytechnic students" as part of the Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in Register of Good Safeguarding Practices List. The kampung s in Indonesia have attracted global tourists as well, such as Kampung Panglipuran in Bali , which

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252-604: The central and eastern parts. It is also the largest ethnic group in Southeast Asia . The Sundanese are the next largest group; their homeland is located in the western part of the island of Java and the southern edge of Sumatra . The Sunda Strait is named after them. The Malays , Batak , Madurese , Betawi , Minangkabau , and Bugis are the next largest groups in the country. Many ethnic groups, particularly in Kalimantan and Papua , have only hundreds of members. Most of

273-603: The country. Both kampong and kampung are considered to be correct spellings, and both alternatives are common in written media and official place names. For example, Keriam , a village in Tutong District , is known as "Kampung Keriam" by the Survey Department but "Kampong Keriam" by the Postal Services Department —both being government departments. In Cambodia, " kampong – កំពង់" is used to describe

294-952: The era of colonial Batavia (modern-day Jakarta). Number and percentage of population of ethnic groups with more than a million members according to the 2010 census. The following lists ethnic groups by population from data by 2010 Indonesian census . The list is compiled from the ethnic groups with the largest population to the smallest, according to calculations by the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies . Most ethnic groups are indigenous to certain regions of Indonesia. Due to migration within Indonesia (as part of government transmigration programs or otherwise), significant proportions of those ethnic groups reside outside of their traditional regions. Throughout Indonesian history , various ethnic groups of foreign origin spread throughout Indonesia in several migration waves, and usually established themselves in urban centres, seldom settling rural parts of

315-695: The island of Sumatra and its surrounding islands, the indigenous peoples have distinctive architecture and building features, including longhouses and rice storage buildings in their kampung s. Malays , Karo , Batak , Toba , Minangkabau , and others build communal housing and tiered structures. The term kampung in Indonesia could refer to a business-based village as well—for example, Kampung Coklat (lit. "the Chocolate village") in Blitar , East Java , which mainly produces and sells chocolate products (bars, candies, powders, coffee, cocoa butter, etc.) from

336-525: The local cacao farmers; Kampung Seni (lit. "the Arts/Performances village") in various places across Indonesia where local artisans make and sell their crafts; and Kampung Batik (lit. "the Batik village") which mainly produce and sell batik , offering [[Batik| batik -making]] courses and training. In 2009, several Kampung Batik , in collaboration with the other official entities such as

357-470: The local languages belong to the Austronesian language family, although a significant number of people, particularly in eastern Indonesia, speak unrelated Papuan languages . Indonesians of Chinese , Arab and Indian descent each make up less than 3% of the total Indonesian population. The classification of ethnic groups in Indonesia is not rigid and in some cases unclear due to migrations, cultural and linguistic influences; for example, some may consider

378-426: The provinces of Kampong Som (ក្រុងកំពង់សោម; currently Sihanoukville), Kampong Cham (ខេត្តកំពង់ចាម), Kampong Thom (ខេត្តកំពង់ធំ), Kampong Chhnang (ខេត្តកំពង់ឆ្នាំង), and Kampong Speu (ខេត្តកំពង់ស្ពឺ); the districts of Kampong Trach (ស្រុកកំពង់ត្រាច), Kampong Trolach (ស្រុកកំពង់ត្រឡាច), and Kampong Siem (ស្រុកកំពង់សៀម); the communes of Kampong Khleang (ឃុំកំពង់ឃ្លាំង) and Kampong Kdei (ឃុំកំពង់ក្តី); and

399-454: The term kampong (also kampung ) primarily refers to the third- and lowest-level subdivisions below districts ( Malay : daerah ) and mukim (subdistricts). Some kampong divisions are villages in a social sense as defined by anthropologists, while others may only serve for census and other administrative purposes. Others have been incorporated into the city limits of the capital, Bandar Seri Begawan , or into nearby towns. A kampong

420-548: The villages of Kampong Prasat (ភូមិកំពង់ប្រាសាទ), Kampong Krabei (ភូមិកំពង់ក្របី), and Kampong Our (ភូមិកំពង់អ៊ួរ ). (Page 37, Chun Nat, Dictionnaire Cambodgien, Institut Bouddhique , Phnom Penh, 1967). Based on the examples above, the meaning of kampong in Khmer can also arguably be defined as "an area or place located near a river or lake that people named as their own after they arrived, or formed their community at afterward." In Indonesia , kampung generally refers to

441-483: Was awarded as one of the world's cleanest villages in 2016. In Malaysia, a kampung is defined as a locality with 10,000 or fewer people. Since historical times, every Malay village has operated under the leadership of a penghulu (village chief), who has the power to hear civil matters in his village (see Courts of Malaysia for more details). A Malay village typically contains a mosque or surau , paddy fields or orchards, and wooden Malay houses on stilts. It

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