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14-696: Kaludiya Pokuna Archeological Forest Site (කළුදිය පොකුණ පුරාවිද්‍යා භූමිය) is a forest with archeological remains in Kandalama , in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka . The site has been handed over to the Girls' High School, Kandy in accordance with the "Urumaya Thani Nokaramu" program organized by the Department of Archeology. For the first time in Sri Lanka, a school was given custody of an archeological site. The place got its name from

28-405: A pond that had dark water at ancient times. The site was initially settled in the 2nd century BC. The remains in the site include inscriptions, residences and a monastery. Kaludiya Pokuna is also rich with numerous biodiversity, both flora and fauna. The forest is home for many endemic and non-endemic species of flora and fauna, that prevail much more secure than other forests in Sri Lanka. Site

42-493: A wetland species, the black-headed ibis forages in a range of natural and man-made habitats. This species of ibis nests only during the rainy season. The black-headed ibis is one of several large waterbird species in south and south-east Asia, with adults measuring 65–76 cm in length. The white plumage is starkly contrasted against a conspicuous naked black neck and head, and black down-curved beak. Tails of adults bear light grey ornamental feathers that turn jet black during

56-1001: Is a widespread breeding bird in India, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Myanmar, and has declined considerably to few locations or breeding colonies in Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. The most rapid decline in recent times is suspected to be the population in Sumatra . The black-headed ibis is very versatile being able to use a large variety of natural and man-made habitats. These include freshwater and salt-water marshes, lakes and ponds, as also rice fields, freshly ploughed crop fields, irrigation canals, riversides, reservoirs, urban lakes, open sewage gutters, grazing lots, and garbage dumping sites. Ibis alter use of varied preferred foraging habitats by season in agricultural landscapes such as in south-western Uttar Pradesh in India. In summer, they largely use and prefer natural marshes and fallow fields, but in

70-692: Is also home to a full complement of potential predators such as black eagles (Ictinaetus malaiensis), crested serpent eagles ( Spilornis cheela ), brahminy kites ( Haliastur indus ), white-bellied sea eagles ( Haliaeetus leucogaster ), leopards ( Panthera pardus ), fishing cats ( Prionailurus viverrinus ) and Indian rock pythons ( Python molurus ). Endemic snakes such as Sri Lanka flying snake , Boiga barnesii , Dendrelaphis bifrenalis , Dendrelaphis oliveri , Oligodon sublineatus are frequently seen. Venomous snakes like Indian cobra , Russell's viper and Hypnale hypnale . Numerous types of skinks and lizards are also found. The avian diversity

84-1020: Is much more high than all other faunal categories at Kaludiya Pokuna. It is about 120 species of birds paradise. Most common birds are Indian cormorant , Oriental darter , Indian pond heron , cattle egret , black-headed ibis and common peafowl . Endemic birds like Sri Lanka spurfowl , Sri Lanka junglefowl , Sri Lanka grey hornbill , brown-capped babbler , Sri Lanka green pigeon , crimson-fronted barbet , greater flameback , greater racket-tailed drongo , black-capped bulbul can be seen without disturbances. It means out of 33 endemic species, 80% of endemic birds are found in Kaludiya Pokuna. Both types of monitor lizards - Bengal monitor and water monitor , can be seen in Kaludiya Pokuna. Butterflies and moths are also frequent in Kaludiya Pokuna. Species like crimson rose , common Mormon , Ceylon rose , common rose , common cerulean , common Indian crow , Lemon emigrant are common. The following list provide

98-467: Is rich with its populations of primate species mainly, where many researches on primates based on this site, especially on tufted gray langur and purple-faced langur . Besides them, forest is also home for the other primates in Sri Lanka, such as toque macaque and red slender loris and other herbivorous mammals, such as Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus ), spotted deer ( Axis axis ), sambar ( Rusa unicolor ), and wild boar ( Sus scrofa ). The area

112-910: Is surrounded by farmland and human settlements from the north, east, and west but is undisturbed by humans and the primates are not provisioned. There is no evidence to indicate that hunting, timber extraction, or woodcutting have occurred at the site. Forest is composed of many endemic and highly valuable trees and shrubs. The majority of flora are in the family Euphorbiaceae . Plants like Hydnocarpus venenata , Mischodon zeylanicus , Lepisanthes senegalensis , Grewia rothii , Ficus microcarpa , Mussaenda frondosa , Drypetes sepiaria , Mallotus eriocarpus , Manilkara hexandra , Dimocarpus longan , and Tetrameles nudiflora are abundant. Plants of family Ebenaceae , such as Diospyros ebenum , Diospyros malabarica , Diospyros oocarpa , and Diospyros ovalifolia , which has large timber value, are enormous without any human conflict. Kaludiya Pokuna

126-526: The Oriental white ibis , Indian white ibis , and black-necked ibis , is a species of wading bird of the ibis family Threskiornithidae which breeds in the South and Southeast Asia from India to the west and as far east as Japan . It is the only native ibis species in its range that has an overall white plumage with a black neck and head. The down-curved beak and legs are also black. Though often referred to as

140-451: The breeding season. During the breeding season, bare patches under the wing turn blood-red. The head of some breeding adults gain a blueish tinge, or very rarely have a pink or bright red patch behind the neck. Some breeding adults also develop tufts of white feathers behind the neck, and rarely also get a yellowish colouration on the breast and back. Sexes are identical but juveniles are identifiable from adults in having greyish feathering on

154-676: The fauna of Kaludiya Pokuna Archeological Forest Reserve. Kandalama Kandalama is also home to the Kaludiya Pokuna Archeological Forest and the Heritance Kandalama , one of Sri Lanka's first five-star hotels designed by Geoffrey Bawa . The ancient irrigation tank built 1700 years ago by King Vasabha is situated in Kandalama. Nestling at the foot of Ereulagala (696 m (2,283 ft) above MSL ) and Dikkandahena (618 m (2,028 ft) above MSL ),

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168-443: The monsoon, spread out more evenly to also use a variety of agricultural fields. In landscapes that have more forests and rocky hills as in southern Rajasthan, wetlands are the preferred habitats year-round and there is little difference in habitats used in different seasons. In more urban landscapes, black-headed Ibis abundance was positively associated with crop fields, wetlands and open areas. Open sewage lines are used more during

182-638: The neck and speckled brown-grey feathering on the wings and back. Like storks and spoonbills, it lacks a true voice-producing mechanism and is silent except for ventriloquistic grunts uttered by pairs at the nest. Black-headed ibis are native to the following countries: Bangladesh , Cambodia , China , Hong Kong , India , Indonesia , Malaysia , Myanmar , Nepal , Pakistan , Philippines , Russian Federation , Sri Lanka , Thailand and Vietnam . They are migratory or vagrant in Japan , Republic of Korea , Lao People's Democratic Republic and Mongolia . The species

196-513: The village is situated at the northern end of the Matale hills, and the beginning of the dry plains. The village lies on the border of the intermediate and dry zones of Sri Lanka. This Matale District , Central Province, Sri Lanka location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Black-headed ibis Tantalus melanocephalus Latham, 1790 The black-headed ibis ( Threskiornis melanocephalus ), also known as

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