Misplaced Pages

#202797

72-846: The Kalamazoo State Hospital Water Tower is located in Kalamazoo, Michigan . It was built in 1895 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 16, 1972. It is located on the grounds of the Kalamazoo Regional Psychiatric Hospital . The Kalamazoo Regional Psychiatric Hospital was founded in 1859 and soon became a landmark in American medicine. Buildings on the grounds were Thomas Kirkbride and Samuel Sloan , nationally renowned hospital architects. The buildings they designed were reminiscent of medieval designs. In 1895, architect William B. Stratton from Detroit

144-528: A humid continental ( Köppen Dfa) climate. Summers can be hot, humid, and relatively long, comprising the months of May to September. Tornadoes are rare but possible in Kalamazoo. In fact, in 1980, a major tornado ripped through downtown Kalamazoo causing extensive damage. In winter, temperatures occasionally plummet below 0 °F (-18°). Kalamazoo has been known for brutal snow storms as late as early April, but there are occasional winter days with no snow cover on

216-527: A neighborhood association . The Neighborhood Development Division of the city's government works with these associations to invest federal, state, and local funds, including those from the Community Development Block Grant program, in community improvements and economic growth. In 2007, Kalamazoo was named to Fast Company 's 'Fast 50: Most Innovative Companies 2007', in recognition of the city's community capitalism approach to revitalize

288-720: A collaboration involving Western Michigan University and Kalamazoo's two teaching hospitals, Ascension Borgess and Bronson Methodist . The new medical school has been in planning since 2008, and was granted Preliminary Accreditation from the Liaison Committee on Medical Education in October 2012. Welcoming its first class in August 2014, the school is a private 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation supported by private gifts, clinical revenue, research activity, student tuition, and endowment income. In March 2011, Western Michigan University received

360-404: A footrace held each fall by local Native Americans, in which participants had to run to the river and back before a pot boiled. The word negikanamazo , purported to mean "otter tail" or "stones like otters", has also been cited as a possible origin of the name. Another theory is that it means "the mirage or reflecting river". Another legend is that the image of "boiling water" referred to fog on

432-606: A gift of $ 100 million for the medical school from anonymous donors. The global Research and Development organization of Zoetis , the world's largest producer of medicine and vaccinations for pets and livestock , is headquartered in downtown Kalamazoo. The city is also home to the Stryker Corporation , a surgical and medical devices manufacturer. Kalamazoo hospitals include: Kalamazoo Regional Psychiatric Hospital , Bronson Methodist Hospital , and Ascension Borgess Hospital . In 2014, Newell Rubbermaid established

504-551: A global product design center in Kalamazoo, consolidating fifteen global design units at a single location within the Western Michigan University Business Technology and Research Park. The Business Technology and Research Park is also home to design firm TEKNA Solutions. In 2015, Kalamazoo-based landscape design and manufacturing firm Landscape Forms, Inc. , received five National Design Awards. The W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research ,

576-534: A local committee called the Committee to Save the Tower launched a campaign to raise public funds to restore the tower. The tower is 175 feet tall. The base stone blocks are five feet high; above this point the tower is made of bricks. It is approximately 50 feet wide at its widest point. The outer shell tapers from six feet thick at the base to four feet at the top. The tower has three water storage tanks inside. The main tank

648-437: A new domain (a conversation). Thus, metaphors work by presenting a target set of meanings and using them to suggest a similarity between items, actions, or events in two domains, whereas metonymy calls up or references a specific domain (here, removing items from the sea). Sometimes, metaphor and metonymy may both be at work in the same figure of speech, or one could interpret a phrase metaphorically or metonymically. For example,

720-713: A nonpartisan, not-for-profit research organization, has operated in Kalamazoo since its establishment in 1945. The institute conducts research into the causes and effects of unemployment, and measures for the alleviation of unemployment. The institute also publishes Business Outlook for West Michigan , a quarterly journal that provides economic analysis and forecasts on the West Michigan economy . Metonym The words metonymy and metonym come from Ancient Greek μετωνυμία ( metōnumía )  'a change of name'; from μετά ( metá )  'after, post, beyond' and -ωνυμία ( -ōnumía ) ,

792-426: A result of the 1827 Treaty of St. Joseph , the tract that became the city of Kalamazoo was also ceded. In 1829, Titus Bronson , originally from Connecticut , became the first white settler to build a cabin within the present city limits of Kalamazoo. He platted the town in 1831 and named it the village of Bronson—not to be confused with the much smaller Bronson, Michigan , about fifty miles (80 km) to

SECTION 10

#1733085277203

864-458: A small portion, about 2.8 square miles (7.3 km ), on the opposite bank. Several small tributaries of the Kalamazoo River, including Arcadia Creek and Portage Creek, wind through the city. The northeastern portion of Kalamazoo sits in the broad, flat Kalamazoo Valley, while the western portions of Kalamazoo climb into low hills to the west and south. Several small lakes are found throughout

936-428: A suffix that names figures of speech, from ὄνυμα ( ónuma ) or ὄνομα ( ónoma )  'name'. Metonymy and related figures of speech are common in everyday speech and writing. Synecdoche and metalepsis are considered specific types of metonymy. Polysemy , the capacity for a word or phrase to have multiple meanings, sometimes results from relations of metonymy. Both metonymy and metaphor involve

1008-494: A supplier of food service and other containers produced from thermoform plastic or plant-based materials (Greenware product line), has operated corporate headquarters in Kalamazoo since the 1960s. The company closed the Kalamazoo-based manufacturing facilities in 1991, but returned and expanded manufacturing capacity in 2008 with the opening of a LEED -certified 400,000 square foot (37,000 m ) facility. In recent years,

1080-620: Is 40 feet high and 40 feet in diameter and can hold more than 200,000 gallons of hard water. Two smaller tanks flank the main tank and hold soft water. Above the tanks is a "look-out" structure with a steeply pitched roof covered with copper sheeting. This article about a property in Michigan on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kalamazoo, Michigan Kalamazoo ( / ˌ k æ l ə m ə ˈ z uː / KAL -ə-mə- ZOO )

1152-476: Is a "metonymy of a metonymy". Many cases of polysemy originate as metonyms: for example, "chicken" means the meat as well as the animal; "crown" for the object, as well as the institution. Metonymy works by the contiguity (association) between two concepts, whereas the term "metaphor" is based upon their analogous similarity. When people use metonymy, they do not typically wish to transfer qualities from one referent to another as they do with metaphor. There

1224-518: Is a city in and the county seat of Kalamazoo County, Michigan , United States. At the 2020 census , Kalamazoo had a population of 73,598. It is the principal city of the Kalamazoo–Portage metropolitan area in southwestern Michigan, which had a population of 261,670 in 2020. One of Kalamazoo's most notable features is the Kalamazoo Mall , an outdoor pedestrian shopping mall. The city created

1296-798: Is a metonym for the state in all its aspects. In recent Israeli usage, the term "Balfour" came to refer to the Israeli Prime Minister 's residence, located on Balfour Street in Jerusalem, to all the streets around it where demonstrations frequently take place, and also to the Prime Minister and his family who live in the residence. Western culture studied poetic language and deemed it to be rhetoric . A. Al-Sharafi supports this concept in his book Textual Metonymy , "Greek rhetorical scholarship at one time became entirely poetic scholarship." Philosophers and rhetoricians thought that metaphors were

1368-626: Is also a hotbed for home brewing and partners with neighboring Grand Rapids to form what is widely considered one of America's more important regions in American craft beer explosion. In recent years, at least two community events have evolved from the growing craft beer industry in the Kalamazoo area (Kalamazoo Beer Week (annual), Kalamazoo Craft Beer Festival ). In 2015, the Give a Craft beer trail and passport were introduced. A shuttle bus ( Kalamazoo Brew Bus ) service and party bike tour service became available in 2016. In 2015, Rupert's Brew House entered

1440-405: Is no physical link between a language and a bird. The reason the metaphors "phoenix" and "cuckoo" are used is that on the one hand hybridic "Israeli" is based on Hebrew , which, like a phoenix, rises from the ashes; and on the other hand, hybridic "Israeli" is based on Yiddish , which like a cuckoo, lays its egg in the nest of another bird, tricking it to believe that it is its own egg. Furthermore,

1512-440: Is nothing press-like about reporters or crown-like about a monarch, but "the press" and "the crown" are both common metonyms. Some uses of figurative language may be understood as both metonymy and metaphor; for example, the relationship between "a crown" and a "king" could be interpreted metaphorically (i.e., the king, like his gold crown, could be seemingly stiff yet ultimately malleable, over-ornate, and consistently immobile). In

SECTION 20

#1733085277203

1584-400: Is the domain of metonymy. In contrast, the metaphorical phrase "fishing for information" transfers the concept of fishing into a new domain. If someone is "fishing" for information, we do not imagine that the person is anywhere near the ocean; rather, we transpose elements of the action of fishing (waiting, hoping to catch something that cannot be seen, probing, and most importantly, trying) into

1656-552: The 55th Congress . Kalamazoo is also home to Kalsec , another flavorings company, which was founded by Paul H. Todd Jr. , Albert Todd's grandson and U.S. Representative in the 89th Congress . Founded as the Kalamazoo Spice Extraction Company, Kalsec is owned and managed by Todd family descendants. Stryker Corporation is Kalamazoo-based and makes medical equipment. Kalamazoo Outdoor Gourmet designs and manufactures outdoor kitchen equipment. Fabri-Kal ,

1728-606: The Porte . A place (or places) can represent an entire industry. For instance: Wall Street , used metonymically, can stand for the entire U.S. financial and corporate banking sector ; K Street for Washington, D.C.'s lobbying industry or lobbying in the United States in general; Hollywood for the U.S. film industry , and the people associated with it; Broadway for the American commercial theatrical industry ; Madison Avenue for

1800-610: The Prime Minister of Spain , and Vatican for the pope , Holy See and Roman Curia . Other names of addresses or locations can become convenient shorthand names in international diplomacy , allowing commentators and insiders to refer impersonally and succinctly to foreign ministries with impressive and imposing names as (for example) the Quai d'Orsay , the Wilhelmstrasse , the Kremlin , and

1872-806: The U.S. State Department , Langley for the Central Intelligence Agency , Quantico for either the Federal Bureau of Investigation academy and forensic laboratory or the Marine Corps base of the same name , Zhongnanhai for the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party , Malacañang for the President of the Philippines , their advisers and Office of the President , "La Moncloa" for

1944-512: The census of 2010, there were 74,262 people, 29,141 households, and 13,453 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,009.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,161.8/km ). There were 32,433 housing units at an average density of 1,314.1 per square mile (507.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 68.1% White , 22.2% African American , 0.5% Native American , 1.7% Asian , 2.8% from other races , and 4.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 6.4% of

2016-702: The government of Kenya , the Kremlin for the Russian presidency, Chausseestraße and Pullach for the German Federal Intelligence Service , Number 10 , Downing Street or Whitehall for the prime minister of the United Kingdom and the UK civil service , the White House and Capitol Hill for the executive and legislative branches, respectively, of the United States federal government, Foggy Bottom for

2088-564: The 1820s at least one trading post had been established. During the War of 1812 , the British established a smithy and a prison camp in the area. The 1821 Treaty of Chicago ceded the territory south of the Grand River to the United States federal government. However, the area around present-day Kalamazoo was reserved as the village of Potawatomi Chief Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish . Six years later, as

2160-458: The 1980s. Some workers from the original factory stayed in Kalamazoo to create the Heritage Guitar company. Kalamazoo was once known as the "Paper City" because of the paper mills in and near the city. The Allied Paper Corporation operated several mills and employed 1,300 people in Kalamazoo during the late 1960s. As the forests of West Michigan were logged, paper mills closed. Early in

2232-699: The 20th century, Kalamazoo was home to the Brass Era car company Barley . Kalamazoo was also headquarters of the Checker Motors Company , the former manufacturer of the Checker Cab , which also stamped sheet metal parts for other auto manufacturers. Checker closed on June 25, 2009, a victim of the Late-2000s recession . Most of Kalamazoo is on the southwest bank of a major bend in the Kalamazoo River , with

Kalamazoo State Hospital Water Tower - Misplaced Pages Continue

2304-473: The American advertising industry; and Silicon Valley for the American technology industry. The High Street (of which there are over 5,000 in Britain) is a term commonly used to refer to the entire British retail sector. Common nouns and phrases can also be metonyms: " red tape " can stand for bureaucracy , whether or not that bureaucracy uses actual red tape to bind documents. In Commonwealth realms , The Crown

2376-575: The Eccentric Cafe, to another brewery in nearby Comstock Charter Township . Bell's beer is distributed to 40 US states, Washington DC and Puerto Rico. Other local breweries include Tibb's Brewing Company, Rupert's Brewhouse (2013-2019) , Boatyard Brewing Co. (2014-2019) , One Well Brewing, and Latitude 42 Brewing Company , the latter in the southern suburb of Portage. On a smaller scale, Olde Peninsula Brewpub, Bravo! restaurant, and Bilbo's Pizza and Brewing Company serve their own brews. The area

2448-571: The French era and thereafter. The Kalamazoo River was then known by Canadians and French as La rivière Kikanamaso . The name "Kikanamaso" was also recorded by Father Pierre Potier , a Jesuit missionary for the Huron-Wendats at the Assumption mission (south shore of Detroit), while en route to Fort Saint-Joseph during the fall of 1760. Legend has it that "Ki-ka-ma-sung", meaning "boiling water", referred to

2520-465: The Kalamazoo craft spirits market. Two additional distilleries, Green Door Distilling , formerly Revival Distilling and Kalamazoo Distilling Company, are in the licensing stage. The A.M. Todd Company , one of the lead producers of peppermint oil and other flavorings, is headquartered in Kalamazoo. Its founder, Albert M. Todd , was elected to the United States House of Representatives for

2592-533: The area exist in Portage , under Pfizer or Zoetis operation; others, located in downtown Kalamazoo, have been re-purposed as the campus of the Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine , the research and development headquarters of Zoetis , and office space for Bronson Methodist Hospital . Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine (WMed) is

2664-476: The area. It is 50 mi (80 km) south of Grand Rapids and 75 mi (121 km) southwest of Lansing . According to the United States Census Bureau , Kalamazoo has a total area of 25.11 square miles (65.03 km ), of which 24.68 square miles (63.92 km ) is land and 0.43 square miles (1.11 km ) is water. Kalamazoo's suburban population is located primarily to the south, in

2736-672: The city of Portage , and to the west in Oshtemo and Texas townships . At least part of the municipal water supply for Kalamazoo is provided by the watershed contained within the Al Sabo Preserve in Texas Charter Township, Michigan , immediately southwest of Kalamazoo. Another watershed, Kleinstuck Marsh, is popular with hikers and birdwatchers. Kleinstuck Marsh is south of Maple Street, between Oakland Drive and Westnedge Avenue, Kalamazoo's major north–south artery. Kalamazoo has

2808-767: The company's product lines have introduced sustainable and plant-based materials, and innovations to reduce the plastic content of consumer and other packaging. Parker Hannifin Aerospace's Hydraulic Systems Division (HSD) is located at 2220 Palmer Ave in Kalamazoo, Michigan. The 170,000-square foot facility designs, manufactures, and services hydraulic components for both military and commercial aerospace sectors. It produces hydraulic axial piston pumps and motors, electric motor-driven pumps, hydraulic power transfer/supply units, electrohydraulic power modules, hydraulic thrust-reverser & landing gear actuators, accumulators, reservoirs, filter modules and valve packs. The Upjohn Company

2880-559: The concepts they express." Some artists have used actual words as metonyms in their paintings. For example, Miró 's 1925 painting "Photo: This is the Color of My Dreams" has the word "photo" to represent the image of his dreams. This painting comes from a series of paintings called peintures-poésies (paintings-poems) which reflect Miró's interest in dreams and the subconscious and the relationship of words, images, and thoughts. Picasso , in his 1911 painting "Pipe Rack and Still Life on Table" inserts

2952-673: The economy. In 2012 Kiplinger's Personal Finance ranked Kalamazoo fourth of the Ten Best Cities for Cheapskates . The city was named in NerdWallet.com 's 2014 'Top 10 Best Cities for Work-Life Balance'. Kalamazoo has many local breweries and brewpubs that produce a variety of beer styles. Perhaps the best-known is Bell's Brewery , established as the Kalamazoo Brewing Company in 1985 by Larry Bell. The brewery has expanded from its original Kalamazoo location, which houses

Kalamazoo State Hospital Water Tower - Misplaced Pages Continue

3024-423: The extent that one will be used in place of another." Cicero viewed metonymy as more of a stylish rhetorical method and described it as being based on words, but motivated by style. Metonymy became important in French structuralism through the work of Roman Jakobson . In his 1956 essay "The Metaphoric and Metonymic Poles", Jakobson relates metonymy to the linguistic practice of [syntagmatic] combination and to

3096-566: The first to install curb cuts . In 1959, the city created the Kalamazoo Mall , the first outdoor pedestrian shopping mall in the United States, by closing part of Burdick Street to auto traffic. The Mall was designed by Victor Gruen , who also designed the country's first enclosed shopping mall , which had opened three years earlier. Two of the mall's four blocks were reopened to auto traffic in 1999 after much debate. An F3 tornado struck downtown Kalamazoo on May 13, 1980, killing five and injuring 79. On February 20, 2016, Kalamazoo became

3168-460: The fundamental dichotomy in trope was between metaphor and metonymy, Burke argues that the fundamental dichotomy is between irony and synecdoche, which he also describes as the dichotomy between dialectic and representation, or again between reduction and perspective. In addition to its use in everyday speech, metonymy is a figure of speech in some poetry and in much rhetoric . Greek and Latin scholars of rhetoric made significant contributions to

3240-474: The ground at all. Lake-effect snowstorms are commonplace in the winter. As of 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $ 31,189, and the median income for a family was $ 42,438. Males had a median income of $ 32,160 versus $ 25,532 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,897. About 13.6% of families and 24.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 26.0% of those under age 18 and 11.3% of those age 65 or over. As of

3312-409: The literary practice of realism . He explains: The primacy of the metaphoric process in the literary schools of Romanticism and symbolism has been repeatedly acknowledged, but it is still insufficiently realized that it is the predominance of metonymy which underlies and actually predetermines the so-called 'realistic' trend, which belongs to an intermediary stage between the decline of Romanticism and

3384-424: The mall in 1959 by closing part of Burdick Street to auto traffic, although two of the mall's four blocks have been reopened to auto traffic since 1999. Kalamazoo is home to Western Michigan University , a large public university, Kalamazoo College , a private liberal arts college, and Kalamazoo Valley Community College , a two-year community college. Originally known as Bronson (after founder Titus Bronson ) in

3456-430: The metaphor "magpie" is employed because, according to Zuckermann, hybridic "Israeli" displays the characteristics of a magpie, "stealing" from languages such as Arabic and English . Two examples using the term "fishing" help clarify the distinction. The phrase "to fish pearls" uses metonymy, drawing from "fishing" the idea of taking things from the ocean. What is carried across from "fishing fish" to "fishing pearls"

3528-438: The object meant, but not called by its own name." The author describes the process of metonymy to us saying that we first figure out what a word means. We then figure out that word's relationship with other words. We understand and then call the word by a name that it is associated with. "Perceived as such then metonymy will be a figure of speech in which there is a process of abstracting a relation of proximity between two words to

3600-542: The past celery industry. Kalamazoo was the original home of Gibson Guitar Corporation, which spawned the still-local Heritage Guitars . The company was incorporated as "Gibson Mandolin - Guitar Co., Ltd" on October 11, 1902, by the craftsman Orville Gibson . One budget model was named the Gibson Kalamazoo "Melody Maker" Electric Guitar . Operations were moved gradually from Kalamazoo to Memphis, Tennessee (Electric Division) and Bozeman , Montana (Acoustic Division) in

3672-400: The phrase " lend me your ear " could be analyzed in a number of ways. One could imagine the following interpretations: It is difficult to say which analysis above most closely represents the way a listener interprets the expression, and it is possible that different listeners analyse the phrase in different ways, or even in different ways at different times. Regardless, all three analyses yield

SECTION 50

#1733085277203

3744-449: The phrase "lands belonging to the crown", the word "crown" is a metonymy . The reason is that monarchs by and large indeed wear a crown, physically. In other words, there is a pre-existent link between "crown" and "monarchy". On the other hand, when Ghil'ad Zuckermann argues that the Israeli language is a "phoenicuckoo cross with some magpie characteristics", he is using metaphors . There

3816-442: The population. There were 29,141 households, of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.1% were married couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 53.8% were non-families. 36.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

3888-453: The primary figurative language used in rhetoric. Metaphors served as a better means to attract the audience's attention because the audience had to read between the lines in order to get an understanding of what the speaker was trying to say. Others did not think of metonymy as a good rhetorical method because metonymy did not involve symbolism. Al-Sharafi explains, "This is why they undermined practical and purely referential discourse because it

3960-441: The rise of symbolism and is opposed to both. Following the path of contiguous relationships, the realistic author metonymically digresses from the plot to the atmosphere and from the characters to the setting in space and time. He is fond of synecdochic details. In the scene of Anna Karenina 's suicide Tolstoy's artistic attention is focused on the heroine's handbag; and in War and Peace

4032-414: The river as seen from the hills above the current downtown. The name was also given to the river that flows almost all the way across the state. The name Kalamazoo, which sounds unusual to English speakers, has become a metonym for exotic places, as in the phrase "from Timbuktu to Kalamazoo". Today, T-shirts are sold in Kalamazoo with the phrase "Yes, there really is a Kalamazoo". For many years, this

4104-575: The same interpretation. Thus, metaphor and metonymy, though different in their mechanism, work together seamlessly. Here are some broad kinds of relationships where metonymy is frequently used: A place is often used as a metonym for a government or other official institutions, for example, Brussels for the institutions of the European Union , The Hague for the International Court of Justice or International Criminal Court , Nairobi for

4176-527: The site of a random series of shootings in which six people were killed. A prime suspect was apprehended by police without incident. In the past, Kalamazoo was known for its production of windmills , mandolins , buggies , automobiles , cigars , stoves , paper , and paper products. Agriculturally, it once was noted for celery . Although much of it has become suburbanized, the surrounding area still produces farm crops, primarily corn and soybeans. There are still many landmarks and hiking trails based around

4248-470: The south-southeast of Kalamazoo. Bronson, frequently described as "eccentric" and argumentative, was later run out of town. The village was renamed Kalamazoo in 1836, due in part to Bronson's being fined for stealing a cherry tree. Today, a hospital and a downtown park, among other things, are named for Bronson. Kalamazoo was legally incorporated as a village in 1838 and as a city in 1883. The fertile farmlands attracted prosperous Yankee farmers who settled

4320-598: The speech was found by Lincoln historian Thomas I. Starr in a copy of the Detroit Daily Advertiser and published in a booklet. This was the only trip Lincoln ever made to Michigan. In July 2022, a local non-profit, the Kalamazoo Abraham Lincoln Institute , was given permission by the city to place a statue of Lincoln in Bronson Park to commemorate the event. In the 1940s, the city became

4392-433: The study of metonymy. Metonymy takes many different forms. Synecdoche uses a part to refer to the whole, or the whole to refer to the part. Metalepsis uses a familiar word or a phrase in a new context. For example, "lead foot" may describe a fast driver; lead is proverbially heavy, and a foot exerting more pressure on the accelerator causes a vehicle to go faster (in this context unduly so). The figure of speech

SECTION 60

#1733085277203

4464-680: The subject-matter." In other words, Isocrates proposes here that metaphor is a distinctive feature of poetic language because it conveys the experience of the world afresh and provides a kind of defamiliarisation in the way the citizens perceive the world. Democritus described metonymy by saying, "Metonymy, that is the fact that words and meaning change." Aristotle discussed different definitions of metaphor, regarding one type as what we know to be metonymy today. Latin scholars also had an influence on metonymy. The treatise Rhetorica ad Herennium states metonymy as, "the figure which draws from an object closely akin or associated an expression suggesting

4536-484: The substitution of one term for another. In metaphor, this substitution is based on some specific analogy between two things, whereas in metonymy the substitution is based on some understood association or contiguity . American literary theorist Kenneth Burke considers metonymy as one of four "master tropes ": metaphor , metonymy, synecdoche , and irony . He discusses them in particular ways in his book A Grammar of Motives . Whereas Roman Jakobson argued that

4608-411: The surrounding area, and sent their sons to Kalamazoo to become businessmen, professionals and entrepreneurs who started numerous factories. Most of the original settlers of Kalamazoo were New Englanders or were from upstate New York. On August 27, 1856, Abraham Lincoln gave a speech in Kalamazoo during a campaign rally for John C. Fremont , the first Republican presidential candidate. The text of

4680-545: The synecdoches "hair on the upper lip" or "bare shoulders" are used by the same writer to stand for the female characters to whom these features belong. Jakobson's theories were important for Claude Lévi-Strauss , Roland Barthes , Jacques Lacan , and others. Dreams can use metonyms. Metonyms can also be wordless. For example, Roman Jakobson argued that cubist art relied heavily on nonlinguistic metonyms, while surrealist art relied more on metaphors. Lakoff and Turner argued that all words are metonyms: "Words stand for

4752-498: The township of Arcadia, the names of both the city and the township were changed to "Kalamazoo" in 1836 and 1837, respectively. The name “Kalamazoo” comes from a Potawatomi word, first found in a British report in 1772. The Kalamazoo River , which passes through the modern city of Kalamazoo, was located on the route between Detroit and Fort Saint-Joseph (nowadays Niles, Michigan ). French-Canadian traders, missionaries, and military personnel were quite familiar with this area during

4824-426: Was 2.29 and the average family size was 3.04. The median age in the city was 26.2 years. 20.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 27% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.9% were from 25 to 44; 18.2% were from 45 to 64; and 9.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.3% male and 50.7% female. The city of Kalamazoo is commonly divided into 22 neighborhoods, many of which are served by

4896-522: Was a pharmaceutical research and manufacturing firm founded in 1886 in Kalamazoo; through a series of mergers and acquisitions that took place between 1995 and 2003, the Upjohn Company assets became a part of the Pfizer Corporation. Most of Upjohn's original facilities remain, many have been renovated and some new buildings have been constructed. The bulk of the former Upjohn Company facilities in

4968-479: Was commissioned to design a water tower on site. Stratton was instructed to come up with a structure that would complement the medieval feeling of the other buildings on the hospital grounds. Construction was completed in 1895. The tower has been struck by lightning multiple times, and the roof was eventually replaced with copper sheeting. The structure was earmarked by the State of Michigan for demolition in 1974. However,

5040-452: Was even adopted as the city's main slogan. The area on which the modern city of Kalamazoo stands was once home to Native Americans of the Hopewell tradition , who migrated into the area sometime before the first millennium . Evidence of their early residency remains in the form of a small mound in downtown's Bronson Park. The Hopewell civilization began to decline after the 8th century and

5112-415: Was replaced by other groups. The Potawatomi culture lived in the area when the first European explorers arrived. René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle , passed just southeast of the present city of Kalamazoo in late March 1680. The first Europeans to reside in the area were itinerant fur traders in the late 18th and early 19th century. There are records of several traders wintering in the area, and by

5184-440: Was seen as banal and not containing anything new, strange or shocking." Greek scholars contributed to the definition of metonymy. For example, Isocrates worked to define the difference between poetic language and non-poetic language by saying that, "Prose writers are handicapped in this regard because their discourse has to conform to the forms and terms used by the citizens and to those arguments which are precise and relevant to

#202797