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17-432: The text was commissioned by Emperor Kōnin and completed in 772. The common title today is Kakyō Hyōshiki and is in reference to Chinese Book of Songs ( Japanese Shikyō ). However, chronologically the name does not fit, and some manuscripts do not include this title at all. Alternative titles include Uta no Shiki ( 歌式 ) , which is likely to have been the original title, as well as Hamanari Shiki ( 浜成式 ) based on

34-409: A daughter of Emperor Shōmu , producing a daughter and a son. After his sister-in-law Empress Shōtoku died, he was named her heir. The high courtiers claimed the empress had left her will in a letter in which she had appointed him as her successor. Prior to this, he had been considered a gentle man without political ambition. Kōnin had five wives and seven Imperial sons and daughters. Emperor Kōnin

51-513: A man from the Kingdom of Silla . Kugyō ( 公卿 ) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre- Meiji eras. In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Kōnin's reign, this apex of

68-555: Is not traditionally listed. Yamato Province Yamato Province ( 大和国 , Yamato no Kuni ) was a province of Japan , located in Kinai , corresponding to present-day Nara Prefecture in Honshū . It was also called Washū ( 和州 ) . Yamato consists of two characters, 大 "great", and 和 " Wa ". At first, the name was written with one different character ( 大 倭 ), but due to its offensive connotation , for about ten years after 737, this

85-556: Is traditionally venerated at his tomb; the Imperial Household Agency designates Tahara no Higashi no Misasagi ( 田原東陵 , Tahara no Higashi Imperial Mausoleum) , in Nara, Nara , as the location of Kōnin's mausoleum . The years of Kammu's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name ( nengō ). Kōnin attempted to reconstruct the state finance and administrative organizations, which had been corrupted under

102-859: The Daijō-kan included: Empress (deposed in 772): Imperial Princess Inoe /Ikami (井上内親王), Emperor Shōmu ’s daughter Hi : Princess Owari (尾張女王, d. 804), Prince Yuhara ’s daughter (son of Prince Shiki) Bunin : Takano no Niigasa (高野新笠), Yamato no Ototsugu’s daughter Bunin : Fujiwara no Sōshi (藤原曹子), Fujiwara no Nagate’s daughter Bunin : Ki no Miyako (紀宮子), Ki no Ineko’s daughter Bunin : Fujiwara no Nariko (藤原産子), Fujiwara no Momokawa’s daughter Court lady: Agatanushi no Shimahime (県主嶋姫), Agatanushi no Emishi’s daughter Court lady ( Nyoju ): Agatainukai no Isamimi (Omimi) (県犬養勇耳/男耳) Unknown Woman: Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are in CE  / AD   Imperial Consort and Regent Empress Jingū

119-538: The above points. Many of these poems are not found in poetry collections of the time such as Man'yōshū . These poems are quite valuable to historical linguists as they are written in Man'yōgana , a script which preserves a historical phonological distinction known as Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai that was soon lost afterwards. Emperor K%C5%8Dnin Emperor Kōnin ( 光仁天皇 , Kōnin-tennō , November 18, 708 – January 11, 782)

136-468: The compiler's name. The main focus of the text is an attempt to apply phonetic rules of Chinese poetry to Japanese poetry . As the two languages are fundamentally different, the application is forced and unnatural. The text defines seven types of kahei ( 歌病 ) , literally "poetic sicknesses" which are rhetoric faults that should be avoided when composing poetry. The text also defines three types of poetic forms: Hamanari quotes 34 poems to illustrate

153-638: The fact that during the early Kofun Period the Yamato Kingship was in close contention with other regional powers, such as Kibi Province near present-day Okayama Prefecture . Around the 6th century, the local chieftainship gained national control and established the Imperial court in Yamato Province. The battleship Yamato , the flagship of the Japanese Combined Fleet during World War II ,

170-432: The reign of Empress Kōken . Soon after his enthronement in 770 ( Hōki 1), he promoted his wife Imperial Princess Inoe (or Inoue or Ikami, the exact pronunciation of her name is unknown) to the empress and appointed her son Imperial Prince Osabe to the crown prince in the next year. As a grandson of Emperor Shōmu by his mother, Osabe was one of few descendants of Emperor Tenmu , the line of Tenmu however didn't succeed to

187-480: The throne finally. In 772 Osabe was deprived of his crown prince rank and Imperial Prince Yamabe, an issue by another woman, later Emperor Kanmu was named heir. According to the Shoku Nihongi ( 続日本紀 ) , the replacement happened as follows: in the third month of Hōki 3 (772), Inoe was accused of cursing her husband and Emperor Kōnin stripped her of the rank of Empress. In the fifth month of this year his son Osabe

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204-528: The throne, and they were likely to be assassinated, by Fujiwara no Momokawa . The late years of Kōnin's reign and the early years of Kanmu's reign suffered disasters. The people took those disasters as vengeance of noble victims of political conflicts, including late Inoe and Osabe. In 800 during the reign of Kanmu, Princess Inoe who had deceased in 775 was restored to the rank of Empress of Kōnin. Several shrines and temples were also founded for redemption, including Kamigoryō Shrine ( ja:上御霊神社 ). He favored Kim Am

221-588: Was deprived his crown prince status. In Hōki 4 (773), both were alleged to have murdered Imperial Princess Naniwa, a sister of Kōnin by cursing. This allegation made those two stripped of the rank of royals. Those two were together enclosed in a house in Yamato Province and died two years later in the same day, on the 27th day of the fourth month of Hōki 6 (on the Julian Calendar, on May 29, 775). In 772, soon after Osabe's deprivation of heir right, Prince Yamabe

238-808: Was named after this province. During the Kofun period (300 to 538) and the Asuka period , many palace capitals were located in Kashihara , Asuka , and Sakurai . Yamato was the first central government of the unified country in the Kofun period . Heijō-kyō capital was placed in Nara City during the Nara period. In the 14th century, the capital of the Southern Court was established in Yoshino and Anou. The provincial temple for monks

255-432: Was named heir. His mother Takano no Niigasa , née Yamato no Niigasa, was a descendant of King Muryeong of Baekje . Since her clan had then no political power, his appointment had not been likely to happen without the deprivation of Osabe, the noblest male issue of Konin as the son of an Imperial Princess and Empress. Today it is pointed out the accusations to Inoe and Osabe were likely to be plotted for depriving her son of

272-513: Was revised to use more desirable characters ( 大 養 徳 ) (see Names of Japan ). The final revision was made in the second year of the Tenpyō-hōji era ( c.  758 ). It is classified as a great province in the Engishiki . The Yamato Period in the history of Japan refers to the late Kofun Period (c. 250–538) and Asuka Period (538–710). Japanese archaeologists and historians emphasize

289-449: Was the 49th emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession . Kōnin's reign lasted from 770 to 781. The personal name of Emperor Kōnin ( imina ) was Shirakabe ( 白壁 ) . As a son of Imperial Prince Shiki and a grandson of Emperor Tenji , his formal style was Prince Shirakabe. Initially, he was not in line for succession, as Emperor Tenmu and his branch held the throne. He married Imperial Princess Inoe ,

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