Kajukenbo ( Japanese : カジュケンボ) is a hybrid martial art from Hawaii . It was developed in the late 1940s and founded in 1947 in the Palama Settlement on Oahu , Territory of Hawaii .
67-424: Kajukenbo training incorporates a blend of striking , kicking , throwing , takedowns , joint locks and weapon disarmament. Today, Kajukenbo is practiced all over the world in many different branches. In contrast to many traditional martial arts, students are not required to mimic their teacher, but are encouraged to develop their own "expression" of the art after they first master the system. The name Kajukenbo
134-430: A clinch or ground fighting , but is generally not considered to have knockout power . However, as used as a fulcrum for a joint hyperextention, such as an arm lock in classic jujitsu from stand-up or ground positions, can serve well to break said joint either when being the surface that an elbow is slammed upon or as a surface to balance out the break much as the thigh is for the juji-gatame in judo . Leg strikes are
201-461: A Solo Baston System, a mix of Ilocano, Visayan and Tagalog Styles. Shortly after conception of Kajukenbo, the Korean War broke out, and with it Joe Holck, Peter Choo, Frank Ordonez, and Clarence Chang left Hawaii on active military service , leaving only Adriano Emperado to continue teaching the system. Although Adriano Emperado was the listed as the chief instructor of Kajukenbo Institute, most of
268-523: A big tendency to miss, rely on brute force more than anything and usually require a run-up. If the charger does hit its intended target however, it can cause both pain and recoil to the target, knocking them over with the striker's kinetic energy being transferred to them and falling over as a result of the force or pain. Strikes in Asian martial arts and Western boxing have many of the same principles in common. These principles apply to strikes with most parts of
335-527: A combination, or combo, especially in boxing or fighting video games. Strikes are the key focus of several sports and arts, including boxing , savate , karate , Muay Lao , taekwondo and wing chun . Some martial arts also use the fingertips, wrists, forearms, shoulders, back and hips to strike an opponent as well as the more conventional fists, palms, elbows, knees and feet that are common in combat sports. Other sports and arts, such as wrestling employ no strikes in focusing on grappling techniques. There
402-619: A fluid combination of hard and soft techniques. Charles Gaylord, Tony Ramos, and Aleju Reyes, who had received their black belts from Emperado, passed down kajukenbo in the United States. Each of them opened their own kajukenbo school in California. With first being Tony Ramos in 1960, and followed by Reyes, Gaylord, Joe Halbuna. In 1965 Al Dacascos would follow. In 1967 Charles Gaylord, along with other accomplished Kajukenbo practitioners Aleju Reyes, Joe Halbuna, Tony Ramos, and Al Dacascos formed
469-472: A formidable technique, it was used successfully by Ian Fergusson (currently 7th degree Tae Kwon Do Master) in the 1981 Tae Kwon Do championships in Argentina earning him an individual bronze medal and contributed to the team international gold medal. Delivered just as with a punch except that the hand is held open like with a knife hand. The intended striking area are the tips of the fingers. The ideal targets are
536-405: A hammer, but can also be used horizontally like a backfist strike using the bottom fist. This strike will not damage the bones of the hands as there is no compression of the knuckles or metacarpals, and there is no leverage to bend the wrist. The hammerfist strikes cricket ball sized areas on the body, hence is particularly effective for striking the occiput , the temples, the nose, the mandible,
603-533: A hard part of the opponent's body or other hard object is inadvertently struck, the carpals , metacarpals , tarsals , metatarsals and phalanges (the wrist, hand, ankle, foot and fingers/toes) may splay and deform on impact and fracture. Martial artists wear wrist and ankle tape and handwear and footwear or other wraps so as to hold the carpals, metacarpals, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges together and keep them from splaying and deforming, both to avoid causing debilitating injuries to themselves as well as to ensure
670-529: A more direct transmission of force in their strikes by stabilising their striking limbs while delivering the strikes. One can toughen one's bones by striking objects to induce osteoclasts (cells which remove bone) and osteoblasts (which form bone) to remodel the bone over the struck area increasing the density of bone at the striking surface. For more information on remodeling, see Wolff's law , Davis's law , and Mechanostat . Adriano Emperado Adriano Directo Emperado (June 15, 1926 – April 4, 2009)
737-422: A physical strike using the ball of the foot, heel, shin, knee or thigh (the latter is also known as a knee strike). This attack is often used in hand-to-hand combat, especially in stand-up fighting. Kicks play a significant role in many forms of martial arts, such as Taekwondo, Karate, Kung fu , Vovinam , Kickboxing , Muay Thai, Capoeira , Silat , and Kalarippayattu . Delivering a front kick involves raising
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#1733085396905804-532: A vulnerable region they can cause pain, for example, hitting an opponent with the shoulder to the nose, striking the upper Quadriceps femoris muscle with the hip, or driving the shoulder into the opponent's solar plexus region . The use of shoulders can also involve charging at the opponent at running speed, similar to a ram or tackle , though a short charge is possible where the attacker simple lunges straight at their opponent with their shoulder. These moves are generally unrefined and unprofessional, since they have
871-460: Is a combination of the various arts from which its style is derived. The name of the system has been derived from the beginnings of the names of the styles that had become components of kajukenbo: In the late 1940s, the Palama Settlement was a violent area. Because of this environment, five martial artists from varying backgrounds, initially known as the "Black Belt Society", came together with
938-431: Is also a form of karate called goju ryu which focuses on pressure points (joints) in the legs and arms. Arm strikes is the act of striking with some part of the palm, knuckle , arm , elbow, or shoulder. This is usually the elbow, the hand, the forearm, or the back of the wrist. A strike using the palm of the hand. Whether the hand is open or the fingertips are folded against the bottom knuckles, palm strikes hit with
1005-490: Is necessary to get home that day. Currently, Kajukenbo includes more grappling techniques and more throws than other Kenpo schools. The curriculum include different counterattacks against punches, knives, sticks, firearms and grappling. Certain Kajukenbo schools direct attention to 26 fundamental forms ("Kata"). These Kata had been divided into 13 "Pinyans" and 13 "Concentrations". Each one has its own specific name: for example,
1072-435: Is plenty of room for variation. This openness tends to encourage schools to incorporate other arts into their practice. The primary concentration of all Kajukenbo schools remains real world self-defense. Ranking hierarchies vary widely from school to school. Traditional Japanese martial art ranking is often followed. One common belt order is as follows: white, yellow, orange, purple, blue, green, brown, and black, followed by
1139-433: Is similar to a roundhouse kick, and the jumping or flying knee. While less common, other parts of the body are used in specific strikes. In a bottom strike, as taught by Impact self-defense and other self-defense systems, the defendant drives his or her hips and bottom region backward into an attacker holding them from behind in order to cause the attacker to off-balance and bend forward and possibly cause pain by striking
1206-508: The anterior part of the shoulder . It is commonly used in Bajiquan , the “ Eight Extremities Fist ”, as an explosive attack from the ‘ zhen jiao’ (charging step) motion. This move is also commonly featured in many Japanese manga and fighting games, as the martial art is known in Japanese as Hakyyokuken . The shoulder strike can be used against the head of the opponent in close positions such as in
1273-445: The eyes and throat. This technique is generally unsuitable against most other targets due to the high probability of it breaking one's fingers. It does have the added advantage of increasing the range of normal hand striking by 3–4 inches or so as opposed to punching, backfisting, or hammer fisting. It is considered a high-level technique requiring enormous conditioning, but even accidental spear fingering can be quite devastating on
1340-408: The hand closed into a fist is called a punch , a strike with a fingertip is called a jab or poke , a strike with the leg or foot is called a kick , and a strike with the head is called a headbutt . There are also other variations employed in martial arts and combat sports . "Buffet" or "beat" refer to repeatedly and violently striking an opponent; this is also commonly referred to as
1407-534: The instep is used to strike, whereas in Muay Thai, kickboxing and mixed martial arts the shin is used. To execute, the attacker swings their leg sideways in a circular motion, kicking the opponent's side with the front of the leg, usually with the instep, ball of the foot, toe, or shin. An important variation is the downward roundhouse kick, nicknamed the Brazilian Kick from recent MMA use: A more pronounced twist of
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#17330853969051474-489: The knee and foot of the striking leg to the desired height, also known as chambering, and extending the leg to contact the target, typically with the upper body straight and balanced. The actual strike is usually delivered by the ball of the foot . Thrusting one's hips is a common method of increasing both reach and power of the kick; depending on practitioner's particular needs, a front kick may involve more or less body motion. Front kicks are typically aimed at targets below
1541-407: The nose , jaw , ears , back of the head , the groin , the kidneys , the temples and abdominal cavity . Some combat sports, such as Pancrase , have forbidden strikes using the clenched fist but permitted strikes using the palm. Use a stiff arm as an example, from a standing position, left hand up in guard and right hand at your side, shoot your right arm upward hitting with the forearm, since
1608-721: The Black Belt Society. They began training together and exploring the weaknesses and developing the strengths of each martial art to create a fighting style that did not suit the ancient warrior but the American citizen to help him or her in their fight against the common criminal. Adriano’s Escrima training - while living on Kauai with his older brother, he trained in Escrima (learned a basic 12 strikes) and after returning to Oahu he continued his Escrima training with Isaac, Alexandro and Alfredo Peralta - (his stepfather) Paralta taught him
1675-674: The KAA's black belts promoted Charles Gaylord to the honorary rank of 10th degree black belt. Grandmaster Gaylord's traditional Kajukenbo curriculum continues to be taught by his chief instructors who operate Kajukenbo schools in Hawaii and other parts of the United States and the world, including countries like Japan. The World Wide Kajukenbo Federation is headed by Senior Grandmaster Hemenes, along with an executive board of Prof Alsarraf in Kuwait, Senior Grandmaster Robert New in Hawaii and Grandmaster Jimmy Willis in
1742-477: The Kajukenbo Association of America (KAA.) Kajukenbo continues to evolve with each generation and maintains its primary focus on realism and practicality. There are usually martial arts schools that will change along with time to fit into the day's society. It is generally thought that "unfair" moves, such as strikes to the eyes or groin, are perfectly acceptable, as is whatever else the practitioner feels
1809-493: The USA. The World Wide Kajukenbo Federation is a highly progressive form of Kajukenbo that promotes not just self defence, street combatives training but has also produced champions in forms & points fighting and also trains MMA & Sanda competitors. Hemenes' legitimacy has often been questioned, as his 8th degree promotion was given by someone with no more than an honorary Kajukenbo rank, and his 9th degree/grandmastership promotion
1876-405: The adjoining bones of the humerus and the forearm . They can either be linear or circular, and can be used in similar fashion to a standard hook , uppercut , or overhand . Elbow and knee strikes, especially when delivered from a clinch are generally associated with southeast Asian boxing ( Pradal Serey and Muay Lao ). A shoulder strike(also referred to as a shoulder butt) is a strike with
1943-483: The administration of GM Kimo Emperado with deputy administrator GM Glen Fraticelli. In 1967 Charles Gaylord, along with other Kajukenbo practitioners Aleju Reyes, Joe Halbuna, Tony Ramos, John Ramos and Al Dacascos formed the Kajukenbo Association of America (KAA.) The KAA organization lasted until the early 1970s, but it was brought back in 1980 under the leadership of Charles Gaylord. Fifteen years later in September 1995,
2010-1100: The age of eight. His father and uncle were professional boxers and at the age of 11 he learned the 12 basic strikes of escrima . Then at the age of 14, he came back to his old familiar neighborhood in Palama. There he trained in Judo under Sensei Taneo at the Palama Settlement gym. Then at the age of 20, Emperado undertook serious study of Kenpo at the Catholic youth organization in Honolulu. These classes were taught by William K.S. Chow . Emperado trained daily with Chow and soon attained his first black belt. He would later be promoted to fifth-degree black belt by Chow. In 1947, Adriano Emperado ( Kosho Shorei-ryu Kenpo and Escrima ), Peter Young Yil Choo ( Tang Soo Do , Shotokan Karate and Boxing ), Joseph Holck ( Sekeino-ryu Judo ), Frank F. Ordonez ( Danzan-ryu Jujutsu ), and George "Clarence" Chuen Yoke Chang ( Chu'an Fa Kung-Fu ), came together and called themselves
2077-498: The back of the head. It is a non-lethal alternative to performing a karate-chop on the assailant's exposed neck. Hand strikes can be delivered with an extended knuckle, rather than the classic fist configuration used for a traditional punch. One of the fingers is moved forwards so that the impact is made with the knuckle, concentrating force onto a smaller area. This kind of strike is optimized for attacks to pressure points . Deriving from traditional and ancient Kung Fu , such striking
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2144-691: The backbend position during the beat. This motion can be applied to block a blow with a punch. These sequences also focus on combat that faces more than one opponent. Training workouts emphasize cardio conditioning and functional strength. While individual schools may show variation, it would not be unusual to train with sandbags or boxing gloves. There are core self-defense techniques at the heart of Kajukenbo and Kajukenbo schools discourages impractical and flashy moves. Most Kajukenbo curricula feature counter-attacks to punches, kicks, grabs, as well as using knives, sticks and guns to counter back. While this base of common knowledge will keep schools' styles similar, there
2211-440: The bottom part of the palm, where the hand meets the wrist. The hand is held perpendicular to the wrist to avoid hitting the softer inner wrist tissue against the target. The bottom ridge of the palm is a surprisingly solid striking surface, and can do just as much damage as a closed fist when utilized properly (some studies have shown that a palm strike actually can produce more energy than a punch), with far less risk of injury to
2278-432: The chest: abdomen, thighs, groin, knees or lower, however advanced practitioner have the capability of striking head-level targets with the front kick. The side kick refers to a kick that is delivered sideways in relation to the body of the practitioner. There are two areas that are commonly used as impact points in sidekicks: the heel of the foot and the outer edge of the foot. The heel is more suited to hard targets such as
2345-482: The early 60s to create an advanced style for the Kajukenbo system. In the mid-60s the developments that made up Tum Pai became incorporated into what was called "Chu'an Fa". In 1971 Jon A. Loren started incorporating the concepts of tai chi and Southern Sil-lum into his Kajukenbo classes. This was called Northern Kajukenbo until 1976. In 1976, while staying with Emperado in Hawaii, he demonstrated his concepts and techniques and asked if he could call it Tum Pai and bring
2412-439: The eyes such as punching mistakes seen in modern MMA circuits. A strike utilizing the hand with the fingers closed into a fist and striking with the knuckles (as opposed to the hammer fist described below). There are various methods of punches, including but not limited to the straight lead, the backfist, the jab, and the vertical punch. The hammerfist is a strike with the bottom of a clenched fist, using an action like swinging
2479-409: The first one is called "crane strike/tiger's claw". The name of each "Concentration" describes its characteristic movement. So, the first concentration includes a crane strike and a tiger claw. These sequences are incorporated into Kajukenbo to enhance the student's skills. Each movement in these forms has its own meaning. For example, the first beat in "Pinyan 1" is a right outside strike that moves into
2546-671: The forehead. It is known as a risky maneuver: a misplaced headbutt can cause more damage to the person delivering the headbutt than to the person receiving it. Checking involves striking with the side of the body, at the hip or shoulder, by shifting your balance and pushing with the furthest foot to drive the body into the opponent with force. While these movements are used extensively in ice hockey (see checking (ice hockey) ) they can be performed equally well on dry ground and are part of various self-defense techniques. These strikes rarely cause damage, but are used to off-balance or knock an opponent down. However, when applied with ample power and to
2613-474: The founders followed a simple rule: if a technique worked consistently on the street (or against one another), then it stayed in the system; if it did not, it was discarded. This allowed the style to maintain its self-defense focus, while covering limitations found within each of their traditional arts. For two years (1945-1947) these five teachers put their knowledge into practice, rehearsing every day possible situations of aggression in real life. Furthermore, it
2680-406: The goal of developing an art that would be practical and effective on the street. These founders sought to develop one style that would complement each of their individual styles and yet allow for effective fighting at a greater variety of ranges and speeds. The five founding members of Kajukenbo were: Of the five, Adriano Directo Emperado is often attributed to be the founder. In its conception,
2747-426: The groin or midsection forcefully. While causing minimal striking damage on average, the attack can serve to develop a superior and/or freed position for the defendant. A headbutt is a strike with the head, typically involving the use of robust parts of the cranium as areas of impact. Effective headbutting revolves around striking a sensitive area with a less sensitive area, such as striking the nose of an opponent with
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2814-430: The groin. The ridge hand is generally considered obsolete in the martial arts and highly circumstantial. The conditioning required to effectively use it is usually better suited towards basic conditioning of other more natural parts of the body, such as punching or kicking. For example, the buckling that can occur on an unconditioned and sometimes even highly conditioned fighter when using the technique and slightly missing
2881-423: The hips allows for a downward end of the trajectory of the kick that is very deceiving. A knee strike (commonly referred to simply as a knee) is a strike with the knee , either with the kneecap or the surrounding area. The most common is the straight knee strike, often employed from a clinch or double collar tie , targeting anywhere from the groin to the head . Variants include the curved knee strike, which
2948-539: The human body. These principles are typically learned by martial artists through multiple repetitions under the supervision of a qualified instructor. Many martial arts and texts include these principles, such as karate and Jeet Kune Do . This is only a partial list. Besides applying the mechanical elements described above, strikers use particular strategies to help ensure their strikes are effective. Among these strategies are: The human hand and foot are made up of many small bones which may be damaged by heavy impact. If
3015-702: The instruction of Joe Delacruz and Adriano Emperado. In 1958, over time the teachings moved to the Pacific Coast of the United States, specifically to a student from the institute, Aleju Reyes, who opened the first school outside the Hawaiian Islands, at the Travis Air Force Base (in California). One of his students was Richard Peralta, who started kajukenbo in 1959. That same year, Adriano Emperado integrated wushu techniques into kajukenbo, turning his art into
3082-501: The instruction was handled by his younger brother, Joseph "Joe" Emperado. Initially, the school that would become the first Kajukenbo school was run by Windel McCandels in Palama Settlement , Honolulu . After having studied under William Chow , Emperado had studied under McCandels. After McCandles had died, Emperado took control of the school and renamed it Palama Settlement Kajukenbo Self-Defenses Institute of Karate. Many of
3149-403: The knife hand strike include the mastoid muscles of the neck, the jugular, the throat, the collar bones, the 3rd vertebra (key stone of the spinal column), the upper arm, the wrist (knife hand block), the elbow (outside knife hand block), and the knee cap (leg throw). In many Japanese and Chinese martial arts systems, the knife hand is used to block as well as to strike. By tucking the thumb into
3216-399: The main targets (eyes, neck, or nose) can do more damage to the striker, even when he hits decent targets instead, like the jaw or forehead. As such, it is considered a high-level and highly-circumstantial technique in the martial arts that still teach the technique, such as most forms of karate, tae kwon do, jujitsu, and kung fu. The ridge hand technique is very swift and when mastered can be
3283-406: The name back to life. Emperado granted permission with the acknowledgment that the original Tum Pai followed a different path than the revised Tum Pai soft style. The name Tum Pai, which means "central way", fits the tai chi concept blended into the Kajukenbo format. In Hawaii during the early 1960s Adriano Emperado , along with students Al Dacascos and Al Dela Cruz, incorporated innovations of
3350-421: The other hand has to check low let it pass by the bicep of the right arm, as you add more power and speed you end up slapping your bicep on the way by. A strike using the part of the hand opposite the thumb (from the little finger to the wrist), familiar to many people as a karate chop , Shuto or Tegatana . This refers to strikes performed with the side of the knuckle of the small finger. Suitable targets for
3417-474: The other various degrees of the black belt. The schools have second and third stripe belts that feature a white for second or black for third stripe running down the center of the belt. Black belt rankings and titles can also vary, with most schools adopting either Chinese or Japanese titles. Kajukenbo " Emperado Method" or "Traditional Hard Style". The original style of Tum Pai might have been put together by Adriano D. Emperado, Al Dacascos and Al Dela Cruz in
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#17330853969053484-399: The palm, a striking surface called the ridge-hand, or reverse knife-hand is formed, extending a few inches along the inside of the hand below the first knuckle of the first finger. Ridge-hand strikes commonly are delivered with a hooking motion, or with a straight arm swinging sideways. Suitable targets include the mastoid muscles of the neck, the jugular, throat , nose, jaw, the eyes, and
3551-402: The ribs, stomach, jaw, temple and chest. A sidekick is performed by first chambering the kicking leg diagonally across the body, then extending the leg in a linear fashion toward the target, while flexing the abdominals. Also referred to as a round kick, or turning kick , this is the most commonly used kick in combat sports due to its power and ease of use. In most traditional martial arts,
3618-583: The school after the week of his death. The Institute remained remaining inoperable for 3 months, until classes eventually restarted under the instruction of Joe Delacruz and Adriano Emperado. Emperado would continue to experiment, creating a system named Tum Pai. In early 1960s, Adriano Emperado , along with students Al Dacascos and Al Dela Cruz, incorporated innovations of the style Tum Pai and other martial arts into their Kajukenbo training. Later it became obvious that they were no longer doing Tum Pai nor Kajukenbo, and it would have to be named something else. In
3685-543: The school because his mother has already paid the instructor who is known only as Sifu . At first Ben thinks he will not enjoy Kajukenbo, but he eventually discovers how valuable his training is when he successfully defends himself from Boyd. Strike (attack) A strike is a directed, forceful physical attack with either a part of the human body or with a handheld object (such as a melee weapon), intended to cause blunt or penetrating trauma upon an opponent. There are many different varieties of strikes. A strike with
3752-421: The small bones of the opponent's hand, causing its grip to loosen. This lets the practitioner transition smoothly into a small joint manipulation technique. However, its effectiveness when the opponent is aware that a fight is occurring has been disputed, with evidence hard to obtain due to the nature of the art and its disuse in sport, combat, sparring, or matches. An elbow strike is any type of attack utilizing
3819-429: The striker's own hand. The palm strike is useful as it is thrown in a more relaxed manner than a clenched fist. This is because clenching the fist shortens the extensor muscles of the wrist which counter the action of flexor muscles of the wrist used in punching. Many martial arts teach to keep the fist clench relaxed until impact in order to maximize the speed of the punch. Targets are numerous and some examples include
3886-508: The students who trained there were poor, so at the Palama school students could train for $ 2.00 a month. The workouts that took place there are legendary for their brutality. Kajukenbo train strong to remain strong. In order to be invincible on the streets they had reasonable, but very serious, full contact training. After the death of Joseph Emperado, the Kajukenbo Institute fell in chaos, causing 14 Black Belt-level instructors to leave
3953-477: The style Tum Pai and other martial arts into their Kajukenbo training. Later it became obvious that they were no longer doing Tum Pai and it would have to be named something else. In the mid 60s Al Dacascos moved to Northern California and continued training in the Northern and Southern styles of Sil-lum Kung Fu to enhance his Kajukenbo training. It was in 1965 that the name Chu'an Fa was introduced. Wun Hop Kuen Do
4020-448: The system. Although Adriano Emperado was the listed as the chief instructor of Kajukenbo Institute, most of the instruction was handled by his younger brother, Joseph "Joe" Emperado. After the death of Joseph Emperado, the Kajukenbo Institute fell in chaos, causing 14 Black Belt-level instructors to leave the school after the week of his death. The Institute remained remaining inoperable for 3 months, until classes eventually restarted under
4087-411: The wrist (for blocking punches), the testicles, the sternum, and the ear (although a cupped hand is more effective). The hammerfist is sometimes used during " ground-and-pound " striking in mixed martial arts to avoid damaging the bones of the hand. The hammerfist can also be used to counter grappling charges wherein the assailant goes low, grabs the defender's legs, and gives the defender a concussion to
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#17330853969054154-409: Was considered high level technique for advanced students/inheritors of the art. The accuracy required alongside the conditioning requirements (similar to the knuckles for traditional punching) put it as a circumstantial technique and not as a standard one. Some modern martial arts, such as Krav Maga , Aikido , Hapkido , deliver this strike to the back of the hand while being held. It puts pressure on
4221-420: Was designed to exemplify the best aspects of American culture, such as courage, pragmatism and deep personal conviction, all the while maintaining the rich cultures of their individual Asian heritages. Later they decided to call this system kajukenbo (referring to the initials of the martial arts that compose it) and created the Black Belt Society. Initially, the school that would become the first Kajukenbo school
4288-416: Was founded by Al Dacascos, father of martial artists and actor Mark Dacascos , who also practice the art. In Cantonese Chinese Wun Hop Kuen Do means "combination fist art style". Wun Hop Kuen Do techniques identify with, and are based on, the Kajukenbo system. Founded by Sijo Adriano Emperado, it exists as an umbrella aiming to bring all branches of Kajukenbo under Sijo's umbrella. The KSDI is currently under
4355-443: Was headed by a man who had been kicked out of Kajukenbo decades earlier due to alleged crimes. The 1982 children's book A Bundle of Sticks, by Pat Rhoads Mauser, is the story of a fifth-grade boy Ben Tyler, who is being bullied by a much larger boy named Boyd Bradshaw. One day Ben comes home from school with a badly bruised nose, so Ben's parents decide to enroll him in a Kajukenbo martial arts school. Ben reluctantly agrees to attend
4422-509: Was one of five martial artists who developed the kajukenbo self-defense system. Emperado had a difficult childhood living in Honolulu. He was born to Filipino - Hawaiian parents in the poverty stricken Palama/Kalihi section of Honolulu . Like many poor areas, the Palama/Kalihi district settlement was a violent place to live. Confrontations and fights were a daily occurrence. Because of this Emperado started his self-defense training at
4489-508: Was run by Windel McCandels in Palama Settlement , Honolulu . After having studied under William Chow , Emperado had studied under McCandels. After McCandles had died, Emperado took control of the school and renamed it Palama Settlement Kajukenbo Self-Defenses Institute of Karate. Shortly after its conception, the Korean War broke out, and with it Joe Holck, Peter Choo, Frank Ordonez, and Clarence Chang left Hawaii on active military service , leaving only Adriano Emperado to continue teaching
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