121-707: The k.k. Landesschützen (in English, "imperial-royal country [ or provincial] riflemen") – from 16 January 1917 Kaiserschützen ("imperial riflemen") – were three regiments of Austro-Hungarian mountain infantry during the kaiserliche und königliche Monarchie (the "imperial and royal monarchy"). As a rule, only Tyrolean and Vorarlberg men were enlisted in the Landesschützen. The Tyrolean Landesschützen ("territorial infantry") were established on 19 December 1870 with ten battalions. Two companies of mounted infantry were added in 1872. In 1906, they were reorganized on
242-469: A cold alpine humid continental climate , close to a taiga climate ( Köppen : Dfb ; Trewartha : Dclo ), with short, mild summers and long, freezing cold winters that vacillate between frigid, snowy, unsettled, and temperate. In late December and early January, some of Italy's lowest recorded temperatures are to be found in the region, especially at the top of the Cimabanche Pass on the border between
363-828: A connecting link between the Italian and German -speaking areas. As the Tyrolean region is located in the Alps , the landscape is heavily influenced by the mountains. The highest mountains in Tyrol include: Across Tyrol, on the border between North and South Tyrol, runs the main chain of the Alps . The main chain of the Alps geographically divides the Alps into a southern and northern half. Municipalities of Tyrol with over 10,000 inhabitants: Austria: 1 January 2017 Italy: 31 December 2016 Tyrol can be subdivided into 5 different language groups. In addition to
484-480: A guitar found in most houses, and young musicians are often found walking the streets. Every year, from the end of July to early August, Cortina d'Ampezzo hosts the Dino Ciani Festival and Academy. It is held in honour of the celebrated Italian pianist Dino Ciani (1941–1974) who died when he was only 32. The festival attracts young pianists from around the world who are able to benefit from classes with some of
605-508: A local variant of Ladin , now recognized as a language rather than a dialect. Ladin is a Rhaeto-Romance language and closely resembles Romansh , which is spoken in Switzerland. The preservation of the local language, as a living medium used by younger generations, is seen as a symbol of pride and attachment to local heritage. Ladin and Tyrolean culture continues to survive despite the increasing pressure faced in recent years. Its importance
726-604: A memorial for Maximilian I on the main square in memory of the year 1511 and the union of the Ampezzo valley basin with Tyrol. The town voted in October 2007 to secede from the region of Veneto and join the neighbouring region, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol . This was motivated by cultural ties with the Ladin -speaking community in South Tyrol and the attraction of lower taxes. The referendum
847-405: A notable regional centre for crafts. The local handmade products were appreciated by early British and German holidaymakers as tourism emerged in the late nineteenth century. Among the specializations of the town were crafting wood for furniture, the production of tiled stoves, and iron, copper and glass items. Today, the local economy thrives on tourism, particularly during the winter season, when
968-473: A part of kronland Tyrol ), aside from being home for an ethnic German-speaking minority, Ampezzo never became a German-speaking territory and conserved its original language Ladin , a Rhaeto-Romance language . When Italy entered World War I in 1915, most of the male inhabitants were fighting for Austria-Hungary on the Russian front . 669 male inhabitants (most of them under 16 or over 50) tried to fight
1089-609: A result of recent immigration, there is a small community of Eastern Orthodox Christians and Muslims. There is also a congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses, which has its headquarters in Pian da Lago. The surroundings of Cortina have been the location for a number of movies, including mountain climbing scenes for Cliffhanger , Krull and The Pink Panther . The resort was the primary area for location shooting in Sergio Corbucci 's Revisionist Spaghetti Western The Great Silence ;
1210-411: A top league professional ice hockey team, and Cortina d'Ampezzo is also the start and end point of the annual Dolomites Gold Cup Race . Several films have been shot in the town, most notably The Pink Panther (1963), For Your Eyes Only (1981), and Cliffhanger (1993). The discovery in 1987 of a primitive tomb at Mondeval de Sora high up in the mountains to the south of Cortina testifies to
1331-462: Is a fairly recent phenomenon, accounting for only a small number of inhabitants in what in any case is a fairly small town. There are 298 resident foreigners in the town, representing 4.9% of the total population. This compares with 7.0% in the town Belluno, 6.4% in the entire province of Belluno, and 10.2% in the Veneto region. In addition to Italian, the majority of the population speak fluent Ampezzano,
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#17328694506401452-865: Is a strong cooperative system in Tyrol. South of Tyrol, in the Region of Trentino-South Tyrol , the cultivation of apples and wine plays an important role. So every tenth apple in Europe comes from South Tyrol . Known wines in Trentino-South Tyrol are the Vernatsch , the Lagrein , the Gewürztraminer and the Weißburgunder . Livestock, grazing and forestry are important at higher elevations and in more northerly areas. Mainly cattle, sheep, goats and pigs are kept. Accordingly,
1573-576: Is a town and comune in the heart of the southern ( Dolomitic ) Alps in the province of Belluno , in the Veneto region of Northern Italy . Situated on the Boite river, in an alpine valley, it is an upscale summer and winter sport resort known for its skiing trails, scenery, accommodation, shops and après-ski scene, and for its jet set and Italian aristocratic crowd. In the Middle Ages, Ampezzo fell under
1694-529: Is above the EU average, which amounted to 28,900 euros/capita in 2015. The Region of Trentino-South Tyrol is, in terms of GDP/capita, the wealthiest region in Italy with 37,813 euros/capita in 2015. Agriculture and forestry occupy a special position in Tyrol. The many small and medium-sized farms have shaped the landscape and culture in Tyrol for many centuries. In order to be competitive with larger farms outside Tyrol, there
1815-806: Is also evidence of the Urnfield culture (roughly 1300–750 BC). Evidence of the La Tène culture (roughly 450–100 BC, during the Iron Age ) has also been found; as has evidence of the Fritzens-Sanzeno culture from about the same period. Toward the end of that time, Tyrol began to be noted in Roman written records. The inhabitants may have been Illyrians , in the process of being displaced by Celts (perhaps themselves displaced from Noricum by Proto-Slavs ) . There are also indications that Adriatic Veneti may have been present in
1936-526: Is considered a Rhaeto-Romance language . The Cimbrian language is also used in various linguistic islands ( Sette Comuni ) outside the region of Trentino-South Tyrol. The Cimbrian and the Mòcheno languages are considered as upper-Bavarian dialects. The majority in Trentino two romance languages are spoken: Lombard in western valleys, and is Venetian eastern ones, in central Trentino a transitional dialect between
2057-664: Is divided into three levels (more a raised plan and a balcony). The cooperative in Cortina was one of the first cooperatives founded in the Italian Peninsula and currently provides employment to approximately 200 people. The five-star Miramonti Majestic Grand Hotel, of James Bond fame, is more than 100 years old. Previously an Austro-Hungarian hunting lodge, it contains 105 rooms. Other hotels of note include Hotel Cornelio on Via Cantore, Hotel Montana on Corso Italia, Hotel Menardi on Via Majom, Hotel Villa Gaiai on Via Guide Alpine, and
2178-531: Is even beginning to be recognized by the local authorities who in December 2007 decided to use Ladin on signs for the names of streets and villages in compliance with regulations for the protection of linguistic minorities in force since 1999. Beginning in the 19th century, Ampezzo became a notable regional centre for crafts. The growing importance of this sector led the Austrian Ministry of Commerce to authorize
2299-535: Is generated by hydropower . The most important sector in Tyrol is the tertiary sector. Especially tourism has a special position in this region. Due to the connection of the areas by the railway in the 19th century, many villages in Tyrol developed into popular tourism locations. The construction of the Brenner motorway in the 1960s gave the region in the 20th century a renewed upswing in the tourism branch. Today, Merano , Kitzbühel , Cortina or Riva del Garda are among
2420-511: Is not executive, and a final decision on the matter can only be made by law from the Italian parliament with consent of both regional councils of Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. In the European elections of 2014, the leading party was the Democratic Party with 30.4% of the vote, followed by Forza Italia (19.4%) and the autonomist Südtiroler Volkspartei with 14.1%. Cortina
2541-524: Is situated more or less in the centre of the Ampezzo valley, at the top of the Valle del Boite in the Dolomites , which encircle the town. The Boite river flows directly through the town of Cortina itself. The mountains in the area are described as "craggy" and "soaring", "unmistakable; like a massive coral reef ripped from the sea, strung with conifers and laced with snow". The town is positioned between Cadore (to
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#17328694506402662-405: Is the great independence of the two Provinces of Bolzano and Trento . By the second statute of autonomy in 1972, the province of Bolzano acquired much of the region's competences and since then has been mostly independent of the province of Trento. The second autonomy statute enabled the linguistic minorities to be better protected. The regional council of Trentino-South Tyrol , which consists of
2783-667: Is the part of the European route E45 . The dual carriageway from Merano to Bolzano (MeBo) ends in Bolzano South in the Brenner motorway. Important road section in Trentino , next to the Brenner motorway, is the SS 47 (Strada Statale 47), which connects via Sugana Valley Trento with Padova . A large part of this route is dual-lane and flows into the Brenner state road (SS 12). Due to the Alps , there are many mountain passes that connect valleys. The most important pass roads for transit trade are
2904-433: Is the seventh most populous place in the province following Belluno (36,509), Feltre (20,688), Sedico (9,734), Ponte nelle Alpi (8,521), Santa Giustina (6,795) and Mel (6,272). In 2008, there were 44 births (7.1 ‰) and 67 deaths (10.9%), resulting in an overall reduction of 23 inhabitants (−3.8 ‰). The town's 2,808 families consisted on average of 2.2 persons. The presence of foreign residents in Cortina d'Ampezzo
3025-605: Is usually offered with intercity buses or city buses. The city of Innsbruck has its own tram network. Another tram is located in Ritten . The cities of Bolzano , Merano and Trento formerly had their own tram network, but these were displaced and replaced by the city buses and private transport in the 50s and 60s. Cortina d%27Ampezzo Cortina d'Ampezzo ( Italian pronunciation: [korˈtiːna damˈpɛttso] ; Ladin : Anpezo , Ampëz ; historical Austrian German : Hayden ) sometimes abbreviated to simply Cortina ,
3146-622: The Adamello-Presanella Alps . Soldiers of the Kaiserschützen received numerous military decorations: Tyrol Tyrol ( / t ɪ ˈ r oʊ l , t aɪ ˈ r oʊ l , ˈ t aɪ r oʊ l / tih- ROHL , ty- ROHL , TY -rohl ; historically the Tyrole ; Austrian German : Tirol [tiˈʁoːl] ; Italian : Tirolo ) is a historical region in the Alps of Northern Italy and western Austria . The area
3267-752: The Bolzano Airport currently offers charter flights. There are other small airfields in Toblach , Kufstein , St. Johann in Tirol , Reutte and Cortina . The airfield in Cortina was closed in 1976 due to a crash. Highways in Tyrol are the Brenner motorway and the Inntal motorway. The Brenner motorway runs from Innsbruck (in Austria A13 ) to Modena (in Italy A22 ). Together with the Inntal motorway from Innsbruck to Kufstein
3388-577: The Brenner Pass . This means that two times more trucks travel on the Brenner Route than in all four Alpine crossing roads in Switzerland together. Tyrol is known as a transit route. The most important route between northern and southern Europe, the Brenner route, traverses the entire region. At 1370 m above the Adriatic, the Brenner Pass is the lowest pass crossing of the main chain of the Alps . Due to
3509-558: The Chalcolithic or Copper Age, after man had learned how to exploit copper but before man had learned how to make bronze. His body and belongings were very well-preserved, and have been subjected to detailed scientific study. They are preserved in the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology , Bolzano , South Tyrol, Italy. There is evidence that Tyrol was a center for copper mining in the 4th millennium BC; for example, at Brixlegg . There
3630-727: The County of Gorizia . On the other hand, the Montafon and the Unterengadin were Tyrolean. Tyrol was of great strategic importance to the Habsburgs. It controlled several important Alpine passes. It connected their landholdings in Further Austria . In 1406, as the Habsburg lands were split up by inheritance, Tyrol once again became a separate entity (a Landstand ), in which the greater landowners had
3751-510: The Inn Valley and Adige Valley . A large part of the population lives in these two valleys and also the five largest cities of Tyrol ( Innsbruck , Bolzano , Trento , Merano , and Rovereto ) lie in these valleys. For centuries, the region has been known for transit trade. The most important trade route across the Alps, namely the Brenner Route , traverses the whole of Tyrol and is regarded as
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3872-773: The Italian troops . Outnumbered by the Italians, they had to retreat. After the Austrian recovery in 1917, the town was occupied again by the Tyrolean Standschützen . On 24 November 1917, the Habsburg Emperor Charles (Karl) traveled through Ampezzo and was received with enthusiasm by the population. A little girl handed the emperor a letter with the request to send her father home from the front because his wife and mother of nine children had died. After ten days, Bepe Manaigo
3993-449: The Province of Trento . In addition to the region belong the municipalities Cortina d'Ampezzo , Livinallongo del Col di Lana , Colle Santa Lucia and Pedemonte from the Region of Veneto and Valvestino and Magasa from the Region of Lombardy . The largest cities in Tyrol are Innsbruck , Trento and Bolzano . The whole region of Tyrol is located in the Alps . Tyrol is bordered to
4114-584: The Regole of Ampezzo Ethnographic Museum . Although Cortina d'Ampezzo was unable to go ahead with the scheduled 1944 Winter Olympics because of World War II , it hosted the Winter Olympics in 1956 and subsequently a number of world winter-sports events. Cortina d'Ampezzo will host the Winter Olympics for a second time when it co-hosts the 2026 Winter Olympics with Milan . The town is home to SG Cortina ,
4235-627: The Reschen Pass and Brenner Pass . Popular pass roads include the Stelvio Pass , Arlberg Pass , Karer Pass , Mendel Pass and the Gardena Pass . The Provinces of Trento and Bolzano have been responsible for the preservation and management of the state roads in their provinces since 1998. The most important railway line in Tyrol is the Brenner Line via the Brenner Pass . The Brenner Railway
4356-681: The Roman Empire . Raetia included Vinschgau, Burggrafenamt, Eisacktal, Wipptal, Oberinntal and parts of the Unterinntal. Noricum included Pustertal, Defereggen and parts of the Unterinntal to the right of the Ziller and the Inn. Bolzano and the extreme south of Tyrol belonged to the province of Venetia et Histria . The inhabitants adopted the Latin Language called vulgar Latin or the everyday spoken version vs.
4477-608: The Tischofer Cave . They date from the Palaeolithic , about 28,000–27,000 BP . The same cave has also yielded evidence of human occupation during the Bronze Age (very roughly, 4000–3000 BP (2000–1000 BC)). In 1991, the mummified remains of a man who had died around 3300–3100 BC were discovered in a glacier in the Ötztal Alps , in Tyrol. Researchers have called him Ötzi (and also other names, including "The Iceman"). He lived during
4598-704: The Treaty of Schärding [ de ] , under which (for suitable compensation) the Wittelsbachs agreed to relinquish their claims to Tyrol in favour of the Habsburgs. When the Habsburgs took control of Tyrol, it had roughly its modern size. However, the Unterinntal downstream from Schwaz still belonged to Bavaria; the Zillertal and Brixental to Salzburg ; Brixen and the Pustertal were episcopal territories, or part of
4719-590: The Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion . It lacks individual communities that are outside the Euroregion. As there are no 10,000 inhabitants living in these communities, the statistics hardly distort the territory of Tyrol and the remaining 1.8 million inhabitants. Tyrol had a total GDP of 67.6 billion euros in 2014. Divided into individual countries, the State of Tyrol generated 28.8 billion euros,
4840-424: The state of Tyrol in the new rump Austrian republic . In 1945 following World War II , Austrian attempts and South Tyrolean petitions to reunite South Tyrol with Austria were not successful, but from 1972 onward, the Italian Republic has granted further autonomy to the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region. The Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion was founded in 1998. The aim is to strengthen cooperation between
4961-440: The winter Olympics in 1956 , Cortina grew into a world-famous resort, with a substantial increase in tourism. With a resident population of 6,150 people in 2008, Cortina has a temporary population of around 50,000 during peak periods such as the Christmas holidays and mid-August. The Ford Cortina , the UK's best-selling car of the 1970s, was named after Cortina d'Ampezzo. In 2002 the Ampezzaner rifle company Ŝizar Anpezo Hayden
Kaiserschützen - Misplaced Pages Continue
5082-456: The " regolieri " — a council for the local villages that stood before the town merged — train the community and give administrative orders. It was at one time the see of Cortina d'Ampezzo's primary school. Currently it contains the offices of Comunanza delle Regole d'Ampezzo and the Modern Art Museum "Mario Rimoldi". The main square of Cortina d'Ampezzo is named after the famous local mountain guide Angelo Dibona . The Regole d'Ampezzo administer
5203-437: The 11th century. It was held by the Germans until 1077, and then by the patriarchs of Aquileia (12th century) and Camino (13th century), until Botestagno became the seat of a captaincy. It then passed into Venetian hands and finally to the Habsburgs. During the 18th century the castle gradually lost importance until it was auctioned in 1782 by order of Emperor Joseph II . Today the fort has now almost completely disappeared; only
5324-419: The Ampezzo Valley), adopting the name of one of the six villages that made up the territory of Ampezzo, located in the middle of the Ampezzo valley. Cortina d'Ampezzo was designated as a major redoubt and held a large ammunition storage depot (46°36'50"N / 12°09'27"E). In 1945 it was assigned as a holdout by Italian and German troops to prevent the Americans and British from advancing into Austria. The town and
5445-400: The Austrian journalist and anthropologist Karl Felix Wolff , for example, stated in 1935 that according to legend a local man "once made a sword that was so flexible that you could bend it over, tie it up, and then allow it to straighten out again". Among the specializations of the town were crafting wood for furniture; the production of tiled stoves; and iron, copper, and glass items. Today
5566-438: The Bajuvarians, settled in east Tyrol. Most of Tyrol came under the control of the Duchy of Bavaria (created c. 555 ). The southern parts, including Bolzano, Salorno , and the right bank of the Adige (including Eppan and Kaltern ) remained under the Lombards. Tyrol was Christianized through the bishoprics of Brixen and Triento . The frontier remained the same though Carolingian and Ottonian times. The area
5687-418: The Bavarian troops were killed or driven out. The Tyroleans, led by Andreas Hofer , fought mainly as mobile sharpshooters, but despite their success, Austria's defeat in the wider War of the Fifth Coalition confirmed Bavarian rule in Tyrol, but with southern Tyrol (roughly contemporary Trentino with Bozen and its hinterland) transferred to Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy . Tyrol was reunified and returned to
5808-410: The Cadore region from the fall of the Roman Empire until the Lombard period. It is assumed that during the Barbarian invasions , the inhabitants fled to the Fassa , Badia , Cordevole and Ampezzo valleys. In the Middle Ages, Ampezzo fell under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Aquileia and of the Holy Roman Empire . In 1420, the village was conquered by the Republic of Venice . In 1508 it
5929-485: The Drautal railway, the railway line Bolzano-Merano and the continuation of the Vinschgau railway, the Trento–Malè–Mezzana railway and the Valsugana railway , which leads from Trento to Venice over the Sugana Valley . Cross-border connections are offered only a few. The ÖBB travels over the Brenner Pass on the Eurocity trains and several regional trains connect South Tyrol with North Tyrol an East Tyrol . The Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino has set itself
6050-465: The Duchy of Bavaria; though not without dispute. In 1228, they conceded the Saalforste [ de ] to the House of Wittelsbach , rulers of Bavaria; as a result, that area remains part of Bavaria to this day. In 1253, rulership of the County passed by inheritance to the Meinhardiner family . In 1335, the last male heir to the Meinhardiner lands, Henry of Bohemia , died. His daughter, Margaret , thereupon became Countess of Tyrol; but her title
6171-423: The Euroregion has a joint office in Brussels since 1995. The headquarters of the office is in Bolzano . Joint decisions are taken by organized three diet (in German: Dreier-Landtag ), which have been held since 1991 mostly every two to three years with the state Diets of Trento (provincial council of Trentino), Bolzano (provincial council of South Tyrol) and Innsbruck (state council of Tyrol (State)). In 2011,
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#17328694506406292-450: The Grand Hotel Savoia on Via Roma. There are several mountain hostels in the vicinity, including Rifugio Faloria, Rifugio son Forca, Rifugio Capanna Tondi and Rifugio duca d'Aosta, which contains restaurants. Near the bridge on the Bigontina River is the Town Hall, a palace in the Tyrolean style. Piazza Angelo Dibona houses several landmarks. The Ciasa de ra Regoles is one of the more important legal buildings in Cortina d'Ampezzo, where
6413-433: The Great War. Following Italy's victory in World War I, Ampezzo was (together with the central and southern part of Tyrol) definitively ceded to Italy in 1920. Three years later, it was separated from Tyrol (along with Colle Santa Lucia and Livinallongo del Col di Lana ) and incorporated into the province of Belluno, itself part of the Veneto region . After the war the city was renamed "Cortina d'Ampezzo" (Curtain of
6534-411: The Habsburgs following the downfall of Napoleon and decisions at the Congress of Vienna in 1814. Integrated into the Austrian Empire , from 1867 onwards, it was a Kronland ( crown land ) of Cisleithania , the western half of Austria-Hungary . After World War I , the victors ruled in 1919 that the southern part of the Austrian crown land of Tyrol was to be ceded to the Kingdom of Italy , including
6655-419: The Madonna della Difesa, and the interior is decorated with a wealth of statues, paintings, polychrome marble, and gold leaf. The Cappella della Beata Vergine di Lourdes (Chapel of Our Lady of Lourdes) was completed in 1907. Decorated by artist Corrado Pitscheider of the Val Gardena , it is a small church of particular interest given the reconstruction sculpture. The Cappella di Sant'Antonio da Padova in
6776-439: The Musei delle Regole d'Ampezzo, which covers three museums: Rinaldo Zardini Palaeontology Museum , Regole of Ampezzo Ethnographic Museum , and Mario Rimoldi Modern Art Museum . The Rinaldo Zardini Palaeontology Museum, established in 1975, is a paleontological museum with a collection of hundreds of fossils of all colors, shapes, and sizes, which were found, gathered, and cataloged by local photographer Rinaldo Zardini. All of
6897-459: The Province of South Tyrol 20.6 billion euros and the Province of Trentino 18.2 billion euros. In GDP per capita (2015), that means 39,300 euros/capita in the State of Tyrol, 42,400 euros/capita in South Tyrol and 35,500 euros/capita in Trentino. The unemployment rate in the State of Tyrol is 3.2% (2014), in South Tyrol 3.4% (2017) and in Trentino 4.6% (2017). The Tyrol region is one of the wealthiest regions in Europe and, in terms of GDP/capita,
7018-495: The Province of South Tyrol has its own coat of arms. It is very similar to the coat of arms of the State of Tyrol . The Province wanted to emphasize the historical commonality of the countries. The Province of Trento received its coat of arms in 1340 and refers to the prince-bishopric of Trento . The former County of Tyrol had a uniform coat of arms, which was slightly changed over the centuries. The earliest archaeological records of human settlement in Tyrol have been found in
7139-402: The Slavic language "ta rola" meaning "this land, farming terrain/farming ground." According to Karl Finsterwalder , the name Tyrol derives from Teriolis [ de ] , a late-Roman fort and travellers' hostel in Zirl, Tyrol . There seems to be no scholarly consensus. Tyrol has an area of 26,673 km . The region consists of the State of Tyrol , the Province of South Tyrol and
7260-436: The area has its own legal entity since 2011 in the form of a European Grouping for Territorial Cooperation . According to Egon Kühebacher [ de ] , the name Tyrol derives from a root word meaning terrain (i.e. area, ground or soil; compare Latin : terra and Old Irish : tir ); first from the village of Tirol , and its castle ; from which the County of Tyrol grew. Some sources suggest it derives from
7381-693: The area of Cortina is part of the "Natural Park of the Ampezzo Dolomites". The comune contains the following frazioni (parishes/wards) with their Ladino names in parentheses: Acquabona (Agabòna), Alverà, Bigontina (Begontina), Cadelverzo (Cadelvèrzo), Cademai, Cadin (Ciadìn), Campo (Ciànpo), Chiamulera (Ciamulèra), Chiave (Ciàe), Cianderìes, Coiana (Cojana), Col, Cortina, Crìgnes, Doneà, Fiames (Fiàmes), Fraìna, Gilardon (Jilardòn), Gnòche o Gràa, Guargné, Lacedel (Lazedèl), Manaigo, Majon, Melères, Mortisa (Mortìja), Pecol (Pecòl), Pezié, Pian da Lago, Pocol (Pocòl), Rònco, Salieto, Socol, Staulin (Staulìn), Val, Verocai, Vera (Vèra), Zuel (Zuèl). Cortina d'Ampezzo has
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#17328694506407502-418: The castle has undergone restoration. Forte Tre Sassi (or Forte Tra i Sassi) is a fortress constructed in 1897 during the Austro-Hungarian period on the Passo Valparola . It lies between Sass de Stria and Piccolo Lagazuoi , dominating the passage between the Passo Falzarego and Val Badia in South Tyrol (Alto Adige). It was part of the large complex of Austrian fortifications built on the Italian border in
7623-462: The county. In the 19th century, Tyrol became an early pawn in the Napoleonic Wars during War of the Third Coalition . Following defeat by Napoleon at Battle of Austerlitz in 1805, Austria was forced to cede Tyrol to the Kingdom of Bavaria , and as a part of Bavaria, it became a member of the Confederation of the Rhine the following year. The Tyrolean Rebellion , a popular insurrection against Bavarian rule began in 1809, and throughout Tyrol,
7744-441: The deanery of Cortina d'Ampezzo. Its high wooden altar, crowned by a figure of Christ the Redeemer, was carved by Andrea Brustolon . On the ceiling are three frescoes by Luigi Ghedina : "Christ Purifying the Temple", "The Martyrdom of St. Philip", and "The Beheading of St. James". The Chiesa della Madonna della Difesa was built in 1750 on the site of a ruined 14th-century building. Its façade features an intricate fresco depicting
7865-462: The depot were scheduled to be attacked on 26 April 1945. Only last-minute weather prevented this strike by the 15th AF / 49th BW. Already an elite destination for the first British tourists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, after World War I Cortina d'Ampezzo became a resort for upper-class Italians, too. Cortina d'Ampezzo was chosen as the venue of the winter Olympics , which did not take place due to World War II . Thanks to finally hosting
7986-417: The food industry, wood processing and mechanical engineering. The industry in Tyrol consists mostly of small and medium-sized companies. The craft still plays a special role throughout the region. A large part of these craft businesses are still partially small-structured and family businesses. From an economic point of view, the energy sector is important in the secondary sector. Much of the electricity produced
8107-415: The goal of promoting and expanding cross-border connections. The aim is to shift traffic through the Alps to sustainable means of transport, thus protecting the Alpine environment. Many villages and communities are difficult to reach because of the large differences in altitude, so the region sets much on ropeway concepts. Although most of the cable cars are located in ski resorts, they are also used for
8228-420: The jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Aquileia and of the Holy Roman Empire . In 1420 it was conquered by the Republic of Venice . From 1508, it then spent much of its history under Habsburg rule, briefly undergoing some territorial changes under Napoleon , before being returned to the Austrian Empire (later Austria-Hungary ), which held it until 1918. From the nineteenth century, Cortina d'Ampezzo became
8349-432: The late 19th and early 20th centuries. Rendered unusable due to a bombing by the Italians on 5 July 1915, the ruins remained in a state of disrepair until the advent of the 21st century, when it was restored by the local administration of Cortina d'Ampezzo with the assistance of the Lacedelli family. The fort houses a museum containing relics related to the First World War. Castello di Botestagno (also known as Podestagno)
8470-459: The linguistic diversity and the climatic transition from temperate climate ( alpine climate ) to mediterranean climate , the area is regarded as a bridge between the Italian and German speaking countries. The most important airport in Tyrol is Innsbruck Airport . With over one million passengers, it is the third largest airport in Austria. Other airports in the region are in Bolzano and Trento . These do not offer regular scheduled flights and
8591-434: The local area. A second wave of industrialization took place at the beginning of the 20th century. Particularly affected at that time was the city of Bolzano with the Italianization policy under Fascism in the 1920s. In 2011, approximately 10% of the workplaces in all parts of the country were active in the manufacturing sector. Thus lies Tyrol in the EU average at 10.3% (2011). Important branches of industry in Tyrol are
8712-408: The local economy thrives on tourism, particularly during the winter season, when the population of the town typically increases from about 7,000 to 40,000. Lonely Planet refers to Cortina d'Ampezzo as "one of Italy's most famous, fashionable and expensive ski resorts", which "boasts first-class facilities (skiing, skating, sledding, climbing) and superb hiking". Cortina d'Ampezzo is home to some of
8833-859: The local public transport. Known cable cars in Tyrol are the Ritten cable car in Bolzano , the Sardagna cable car in Trento and the Nordkette cable car in Innsbruck . Also funicular railways are being built to cope with the differences in altitude more quickly. Famous funiculars are among others the Hungerburgbahn in Innsbruck and the Mendel funicular in Kaltern . Local public transport
8954-475: The locality of Pocol. The small church and cemetery were built in 1916 as a military cemetery by the 5th Alpine group. A shrine was built in 1935 as a memorial to the thousands who lost their lives during World War I on the Dolomite front. It is a massive square tower of stone, clearly visible from the entire Ampezzo valley below. In a crypt in the centre of the structure rests the body of general Antonio Cantore , who
9075-583: The lombard language and the venetian language is spoken. In the Austrian state of Tyrol , the German language is used by a large majority. As in many other regions in German-speaking countries, Tyrol also has its own German-language dialect. The Tyrolean dialect comes from the Bavarian language. In South Tyrol , the Tyrolean dialect was mixed with a few individual Italian words. Due to the difficult accessibility of
9196-519: The majority languages such as German and Italian, languages such as Ladin , Cimbrian and Mócheno are also spoken. The last three languages are recognized as minority languages. These language groups are mostly located in the Trentino-Alto Adige region and are thus promoted and protected by the region. The Ladin language is also spoken outside the region in Souramont ( Province of Belluno ). Ladin
9317-608: The mid-16th century, Tyrol was ruled by younger sons of the Habsburg Emperors, but in 1665, all Habsburg lands were again under the united rule of the Emperor Leopold I . From the time of Maria Theresa (1740−1780) onward, Tyrol was governed by the central government of the Habsburgs at Vienna in all matters of major importance. In 1803 the lands of the Bishoprics of Trent and Brixen were secularised and incorporated into
9438-633: The modern comune of Tirol in South Tyrol, near modern Merano ; and around 1140, established the County of Tyrol as a state within the Holy Roman Empire. The Counts of Tyrol were at first Vogt (underlords) subject to the Bishoprics of Brixen and Triento; but they had other ideas. They expanded their holdings at those bishoprics' expense. They displaced competing nobles like the House of Eppan [ de ] , and declared their independence from
9559-621: The most important tourism destinations in the Alpine region. In 2013, the Euroregion counted over 80 million overnight stays in the Tyrolean region (to compare, Province of Rome in 2011: 25.8 million overnight stays). Also important for Tyrol is the trade. Among other things, the Exhibition of Bolzano has been a meeting point for Italian and German economy already for centuries. As a transit route country, more than 2.25 million trucks (2017) drove over
9680-507: The most prestigious names in fashion (including Bulgari , Benetton , Gucci , and Geox ) and various artisan shops, antiquarians, and craft stores. It is also home to many stores specializing in mountaineering equipment. The symbol of Cortina shopping remains La Cooperativa di Cortina , founded on 28 June 1893 as Consumverein Ampezzo . In this shopping centre many trades can be found, from confectioners to newspaper vendors, toys, gift shops , skiing stores, and blacksmiths. The building
9801-480: The mountains between Lagazuoi and Sass de Stria . It includes the Great War Open Air Museum with its trenches and tunnels. In winter it is accessible to skiers, but it is easier to visit on foot or by mountain bike in the summer months. The Basilica Minore dei Santi Filippo e Giacomo was built between 1769 and 1775 on the site of two former 13th and 16th-century churches; it is home to the parish and
9922-509: The north by the state of Bavaria and to the east by the states of Carinthia and Salzburg . West of Tyrol lies the state of Vorarlberg and the canton of Grisons . On the southern side of Tyrol, the land is bordered by the regions of Veneto and Lombardy . Important rivers in Tyrol are the Adige , Inn and Drau . The region is characterized by many valleys. Some of these valleys are still difficult to reach today. The most important valleys are
10043-467: The opening of a State Industrial School in 1874, which later became the Art Institute. It became a reputable institution in teaching wood and metalwork, admitting boys from the age of 13 for up to four years of study. The local handmade products were appreciated by early British and German vacationers as tourism emerged in the late 19th century. Some of the local items were said to have mythical qualities;
10164-628: The pattern of the Italian Alpini as mountain troops. Despite being territorial forces, the Kaiserschützen were used in the First World War in many theatres and took heavy losses. The Kaiserschützen were deployed principally in opposition to the Italian Alpini . By the date of the armistice, 4 November 1918, the second and third regiments were positioned on Zugna Torta , over Monte Corno , up to Monte Spil . The first regiment were in
10285-571: The pieces were found in the Dolomites and tell of a time when these high mountain peaks were still on the bottom of a large tropical sea, populated by marine invertebrates, fish, corals, and sponges. The Regole of Ampezzo Ethnographic Museum is an ethnographic museum situated in an old restored Venetian sawmill at the confluence of the Boite and Felizon rivers to the north of the town. There are objects related to everyday life, rural, and pastoral practices in
10406-572: The population of the town typically increases from about 7,000 to 40,000. The Basilica Minore dei Santi Filippo e Giacomo was built between 1769 and 1775 on the site of two former thirteenth and sixteenth-century churches; it is home to the parish and the deanery of Cortina d'Ampezzo. The town also contains the Rinaldo Zardini Palaeontology Museum , established in 1975, the Mario Rimoldi Modern Art Museum , and
10527-545: The presence of Mesolithic humans in the area as far back as the 6th millennium B.C. In the 6th century B.C., Etruscan writing was introduced in the province of Cadore , in whose possession it remained until the early 5th century. From the 3rd century B.C., the Romans assimilated the Raeti and Veneti people, giving the area the name of Amplitium (from amplus meaning wide), today's Ampezzo. No historical information exists on
10648-414: The production of milk and Tyrolean Speck in the farms is very important. Horses also play an increasingly important role in livestock, for equestrian sports and farm holidays. The Haflinger horses are known in the Tyrolean region and originate from Hafling , near Merano . The first industrialization reached Tyrol late in the 19th century. Most of these were small businesses that were important only in
10769-520: The provinces of Belluno and Bolzano. The other seasons are generally rainy, cool to warm, and windy. During the summer, temperatures can reach 25°C. Cortina's population grew steadily from the time when it was annexed to the Italian State until the 1960s. Thereafter, it underwent a sharp decline (down by 2,099 inhabitants over a 30-year period), with signs of recovery only in the very last few years. Nevertheless, with 6,112 inhabitants, Cortina d'Ampezzo
10890-547: The rail will be promoted and relocated. After completion, the Brenner Base Tunnel , together with the Innsbruck bypass , will be the longest railway tunnel in the world at 64 km and will reduce the travel time between Bolzano and Innsbruck from 2 hours to 45 minutes. Further important railway lines in Tyrol are the Arlberg railway , Zillertal railway , Salzburg-Tyrol railway , Pustertal railway with continuation of
11011-423: The region was institutionalized and since then has its own legal entity. Political parties in the Italian part of Tyrol (provinces of Bolzano and Trento) include: The Austrian part of Tyrol shares the Austrian party system: The multiplicity of parties is due to the fact that Tyrol lies in two different nation states and thus are politically independent of each other. Another reason for the large number of parties
11132-407: The remnants of what must have been the wine cellars and the foundations remain, now weathered and largely covered up by vegetation. Cortina d'Ampezzo has a long tradition in hosting writers, intellectuals, poets and editors from all over the world. Ernest Hemingway , Saul Bellow , Dino Buzzati , Vittorio Gassman , Leonardo Sciascia , Leonardo Mondadori and many others, spent their vacations in
11253-515: The resort was used to represent Utah in the winter of 1898. It was a glamorous location for Elizabeth Taylor in Ash Wednesday (1973), and was also a major location for the 1981 James Bond film For Your Eyes Only . Roger Moore 's James Bond meets the character Luigi Ferrara ( John Moreno ) at the peak of Tofana and stays at the Hotel Miramonti. A number of action sequences were shot in
11374-434: The right to be consulted ( Mitspracherecht ). During a confusing succession of events, in 1420 Frederick IV, Duke of Austria moved the capital of Tyrol from Meran to Innsbruck , and Meran lost its earlier importance. Tyrol's importance for the Habsburgs was underlined when the Tyrolean capital of Innsbruck became a centre of European politics and culture as Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I took up residence there. From
11495-675: The rive in Trieste on the Adriatic Sea. The town centre is located at an elevation of 1,224 metres (4,016 ft), the closest high peak is that of Tofana di Mezzo, which towers at 3,244 metres (10,643 ft). There are numerous fast flowing rivers, streams and small lakes in the territory, such as the Ghedina , Pianozes and d'Ajal , which fill particularly during the summer snow-melt season. Fauna include marmots , roe deer , chamois and hares and, on occasion, wolves , bears and lynx . Much of
11616-407: The separated countries. In several areas, such as mobility, agriculture, education and culture will be tried to promote exchange and to raise the awareness of the cultural and historical heritage of the region of Tyrol in the minds of the population. Cross-border projects will be initiated to improve the relationship between the different language groups. To represent common ideas and values in Europe,
11737-453: The south of the region. The Romans called them Rhaetians ; although it is not clear whether that then meant a specific tribe or confederation of tribes, or was a broader term for the inhabitants of the area. They made wine barrels (an idea which the Romans took from them), and had their own alphabet. In 15 BC, Tyrol was conquered by Roman forces commanded by Drusus and Tiberius . The Romans established Raetia and Noricum as provinces of
11858-471: The south) and the Puster Valley (to the north), Val d'Ansiei (to the east) and Agordo (to the west). Originally it consisted of numerous frazioni , isolated villages and hamlets, but from the 1950s it grew rapidly as a result of tourism. Only the most remote villages have remained isolated from the main town. San Vito di Cadore is 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) to the south of Cortina d'Ampezzo. Among
11979-647: The standardized written formal form, and combined it with their own languages. The result was Romansh , which is still spoken today and is one of the official languages of Switzerland. The Romans constructed metaled roads guarded by forts through Tyrol to connect the Italian peninsula and the lands beyond; notably the Via Claudia Augusta and the Via Raetia [ de ] . The Romans did not seem to find Tyrol an attractive area in which to build new towns, because there are few of them. One town they did build
12100-527: The surrounding mountains are Tofane to the west, Pomagagnon to the north, Cristallo to the northeast, Faloria and Sorapiss to the east, and Becco di Mezzodì , Croda da Lago and Cinque Torri to the south. Monte Antelao (Nantelou in Ladin) is at 3264 m the highest mountain in the Ampezzo Dolomites and the second highest in the Dolomites. When the weather is good, Monte Antelao is clearly visible from
12221-441: The territory of the former Bishopric of Trent, roughly corresponding to the modern-day Trentino, as well as the southern part of the medieval County of Tyrol county, the present-day province of South Tyrol . Italy thus took control of the strategically important Alpine water divide at the Brenner Pass and over the south of Tyrol proper with its large German-speaking majority. The remaining northern and eastern parts of Tyrol became
12342-409: The town and took part in the cultural life of the city. Through the years, this led to a continuous activity of literature festivals and book presentations, like Una Montagna di Libri ("A Mountain of Books"), held twice a year since 2009. The festival attracted to Cortina d'Ampezzo writers as Azar Nafisi , Peter Cameron and Emmanuel Carrère . Music is important to the locals of Cortina d'Ampezzo, with
12463-550: The town involving Bond and Erich Kriegler ( John Wyman ), as Kriegler competes in the biathlon . The battle culminates in one of the famous ski chase sequences in film, where Bond has to escape Kriegler and a crew of assassins on a spike-wheeled motorcycles , his route taking them all onto the bobsleigh run . The actual town centre was also the scene of the first attack on Bond and his partner Melina Havelock ( Carole Bouquet ) by two motorcyclists who attempted to run them over, only for Bond to kill them both, putting one of them through
12584-529: The two provincial councils of Bolzano and Trento, has less influence and competences. Thus, many parties determine their focus within the provinces. Other parties in Trentino-South Tyrol , especially in South Tyrol, were founded on the example of Austrian parties and have many similarities with the parties in Austria . In the economic sector statistics are shown, which are based largely on numbers and data of
12705-495: The valleys in earlier years, many other valleys developed a slightly differentiated dialect compared to the Tyrolean. The Ladin language also has no uniform language, so every valley also has a slight difference in Ladinia . Although the details of the arms of Tyrol have changed over the centuries, one feature has remained more-or-less constant: argent , an eagle displayed gules , armed (and sometimes crowned) or . Since 1983,
12826-518: The vicinity; agricultural tools; techniques; materials processing; and clothing typical of the valley. The Mario Rimoldi Modern Art Museum is an art gallery, established in 1941, which preserves over 800 works by major Italian artists of the 20th century including Filippo De Pisis , Felice Carena , Pio Semeghini , Renato Guttuso , Tullio Garbari , Massimo Campigli , and many others. It also hosts temporary exhibitions on various topics. The Great War Tour stretches over 80 km (50 mi) across
12947-476: The village of Chiave was completed in 1791, but the interior was renovated in 1809 after serious fire damage caused by the Napoleonic troops. The furnishings include two wooden busts of Christ and St. Catherine as well as a richly designed altar. Sacrario militare di Pocol (also known as Ossario di Pocol) is a cemetery and shrine located at an altitude of 1,535 metres (5,036 ft) towards Passo Falzarego , in
13068-426: The window of a local florist. The town was the setting of the 1919 silent film Blind Husbands , directed by Erich von Stroheim . Cortina d'Ampezzo hosted the 1956 Winter Olympics , originally scheduled for 1944 , but cancelled because of World War II . The 1927 Nordic , 1941 Nordic , and 1941 Alpine World Championships were held in Cortina d'Ampezzo as well, although both 1941 championships were withdrawn by
13189-513: The world's leading performers. The Festival of the Bands is another annual musical event featuring brass bands from Italy and beyond during the last week of August. Cortina d'Ampezzo's own band, parading in traditional costumes, is a central attraction dating back to 1861. Cortina d'Ampezzo hosted the 1953 Miss Italia contest, won by Marcella Mariani . Traditionally, on the eves of the festivals of Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity and St Philip and St James,
13310-511: The youth of the town would climb the hills at sunset and light fires. After Ernest Hemingway 's wife Hadley lost a suitcase filled with Hemingway's manuscripts at the Gare de Lyon in Paris , he took a time off. He began writing that same year in Cortina d'Ampezzo, writing Out of Season . The dominant religion in the comune of Cortina d'Ampezzo is Roman Catholicism. Among the religious minorities, mainly
13431-811: Was Aguntum , near modern Lienz . In late antiquity (from AD 476), Tyrol belonged to the Ostrogoths , and it was included in the Ostrogothic Kingdom . In 534, the Ostrogoths lost Meran, Vinschgau and Passer to the Franks . The Ostrogothic Kingdom collapsed in 553, after being overrun by Bajuvarians from the north and Lombards from the south. The Lombards established the Duchy of Tridentum (or, Trent; roughly corresponding to modern Trentino ) and lower parts of south Tyrol. Slavic peoples , who had recently taken Carinthia from
13552-556: Was a medieval fort perched on a rock in the valley of the river Boite, a little farther north of Cortina d'Ampezzo. It is believed that it was first erected as a stakeout during conflict with the Lombards between the 7th and 8th centuries, with the aim of dominating the three valleys that converge beneath it: the Boite, the Val di Fanes, and the Val Felizon. The cornerstone, however, probably dates to
13673-518: Was awarded the gold medal for military valor. The Castello de Zanna is a small fortress, situated in the vila of Minel. It consists of low, white outer walls and two white corner towers, with a small chapel dedicated to the Holy Trinity. The construction of the castle began in 1694, but on 19 August 1696 work was interrupted; the building remained unfinished in 1809 when it was burned by French revolutionary troops who had invaded Ampezzo. Since then
13794-515: Was brought back to life. Since Otto von Habsburg , the then head of the Habsburg family, visited Cortina in 2005, their patron has been Charles I of Austria . Especially because of the eventful history, the Habsburg brand is still very present in Cortina in the 21st century, as many pictures and photos of Franz Joseph I of Austria and of Charles I, who is particularly revered here, in inns, restaurants, bars and hotels testify. Since 2011 there has been
13915-627: Was burned by the French. It was short-lived; the Austrian Empire reclaimed it in 1813, and it remained in its possession even after the battles of Custoza and Sadowa in 1866 when Venice was ceded to Italy. The town gained a reputation as a health resort; it was reportedly free of diseases such as cholera. In 1874 the Ampezzo forest became the property of the Carnic Woods Consortium. Although remaining an Austrian possession until 1920 (as
14036-620: Was conquered by the Habsburgs , and by 1511 people of Ampezzo swore loyalty to the Emperor Maximilian , and that area was subsequently adjoined to the region of Pusterthal . In 1797, when the Treaty of Campo Formio was signed, Napoleon initially permitted the Habsburg Empire to retain it, but in 1810 he added Ampezzo to the Department of Piave, following an attack on the town in which it
14157-480: Was historically the core of the County of Tyrol , part of the Holy Roman Empire , Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary , from its formation in the 12th century until 1919. In 1919, following World War I and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary , it was divided into two modern administrative parts through the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye : With the founding of the European region Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino
14278-460: Was in doubt because of different laws in different lands as to what a woman could or could not inherit. She navigated her way between the competing claims of the Houses of Wittelsbach, Luxembourg and Habsburg by, in 1342, marrying Louis of Wittelsbach . Louis died in 1361. Margaret died in 1369, and bequeathed Tyrol to Rudolf of Habsburg . The various dynastic squabbles were resolved that same year by
14399-538: Was opened in 1867 and runs from Innsbruck to Verona via the cities of Bolzano and Trento . Together with the Lower Inn Valley Railway in North Tyrol , this section of the route is part of the important European railway axis Berlin-Palermo , which connects northern Europe with southern Europe across the Alps. With the construction of the Brenner Base Tunnel and its completion in 2027, transit traffic on
14520-537: Was subject to Stammesrechte ( Ancient Germanic laws ), such as Lex Romana Curiensis , Lex Alamannorum , Lex Baiuvariorum and Leges Langobardorum . In 1027, Emperor Conrad II , in order to secure the important route through the Brenner Pass , allotted the left bank of the Adige (from Lana to Mezzocorona ) to the Duchy of Bavaria. During the 12th century, the local nobility went further: they built Tyrol Castle in
14641-433: Was with his children. A total of 144 Ampezzans died as a result of the war. Ampezzo soldiers received 16 silver and 4 bronze medals for bravery. In the surrounding area of the town there were 38 military cemeteries, everywhere trenches, barbed wire, impact holes, splinters, ammunition and barracks; 2,450 hectares of forest were devastated. The mountains surrounding Cortina were themselves the theatre of several battles during
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