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74-554: Kadodi , Samavedi is the language spoken by the Samvedi Brahmin and Kupari community in Vasai , Maharashtra , India. This article about Indo-Aryan languages is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Samvedi Samvedis are also known as Shamedi near Vasai . It is a colloquial term from the original Sanskrit word Shamaneedresh ( Shaman = Entertainment , Edresh = Attributed ), meaning those workers in

148-481: A "Nurruvar Kannar", who helped Chera king Senguttuvan during his Himalayan campaign. The direct translation of the term Nurruvar Kannar is "the hundred Karnas" or "Satakarni"; Nurruvar Kannar has therefore been identified with the Satavahana dynasty. The Kathasaritsagara ascribes a mythical etymology in which a widowed, childless king named Deepakarni was prophesied to find a lion-riding child as his heir. During

222-616: A jungle hunt, he found such a child riding a yaksha -turned-lion named Sāta. After adoption, the child became the king eventually and came to be known as Sātavāhana or Sāta-supported. The use of the names "Andhra" and "Andhra-Jatiya" in the Puranas has led some scholars, such as E. J. Rapson and R.G Bhandarkar , to believe that the dynasty originated in the eastern Deccan region (the historic Andhra region, present-day Andhra Pradesh and Telangana ). At Kotilingala in Telangana, coins bearing

296-485: A marriage alliance with the Western Satraps, marrying the daughter of Rudradaman I . The Junagadh inscription of Rudradaman I states that he defeated Satakarni, the lord of Dakshinapatha (Deccan), twice. It also states that he spared the life of the defeated ruler because of close relations: "Rudradaman (...) who obtained good report because he, in spite of having twice in fair fight completely defeated Satakarni,

370-533: A result of his victories, Rudradaman regained all the former territories previously held by Nahapana, except for the extreme south territories of Pune and Nasik . Satavahana dominions were limited to their original base in the Deccan and eastern central India around Amaravati . Sri Yajna Sātakarni , the last person belonging to the main Satavahana dynastic line, briefly revived the Satavahana rule. According to S. N. Sen, he ruled during 170–199 CE. Charles Higham dates

444-588: A single inscription of the early Satavahanas is found in Bellary District and that the only Satavahana inscription in Bellary District was that of Pulumavi, who belongs to the later-phase of Satavahana history. A stupa in Kanaganahalli village of Karnataka, dated between the first century BCE and first century CE, features limestone panels depicting portraits of Chimuka (Simuka), Satakani (Satakarni) and other Satavahana rulers. As per historian Parmanand Gupta, in

518-446: A slab of the upper drum (medhi) of the Kanaganahalli mahastupa mentions year 16 of Vasisthiputra Sri Chimuka Satavahana's reign, which can be dated from ca. 110 BCE. V. S. Sukthankar theorised that the territorial division Satavahani-Satahani (Satavahanihara or Satahani-rattha), in present-day Bellary district , was the homeland of the Satavahana family. However, Dr. Gopalchari challenged Sukthankar's theory by pointing out that not

592-592: A tribute. According to Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya, Kharavela's army diverted its course after failing to advance against Satakarni. According to Alain Daniélou, Kharavela was friendly with Satakarni, and only crossed his kingdom without any clashes. Satakarni's successor Satakarni II ruled for 56 years, during which he captured eastern Malwa from the Shungas . This allowed him access to the Buddhist site of Sanchi , in which he

666-606: Is a Prakrit form of the Sanskrit Sapta-Vahana ("driven by seven"; in Hindu mythology , the chariot of the sun god is drawn by seven horses). This would indicate that the Satavahanas originally claimed association with the legendary solar dynasty , as was common in ancient India. According to Inguva Kartikeya Sarma , the dynasty's name is derived from the words sata ("sharpened", "nimble" or "swift") and vahana ("vehicle");

740-444: Is assigned ten years, and the second, fifty years by other scholars, but the only dated inscription of this king is Candankheda seal from his reign's year 30, around 60 BCE, and he ruled ca. 88–42 BCE. The Satavahanas contributed greatly to the embellishment of the Buddhist stupa of Sanchi . It was heavily repaired under King Satakarni II. The gateways and the balustrade were built after 70 BCE, and appear to have been commissioned by

814-659: Is believed to have added the Bellary region to Satakarni's kingdom. His coins featuring ships with double mast have been found on the Coromandel Coast , indicating involvement in maritime trade and naval power. The old stupa at Amaravati was perhaps renovated during his reign. though recent scholarship tends to spread the dates of this wider. Pulumavi's successor was his brother Vashishtiputra Satakarni . According to S. N. Sen he ruled during 120–149 CE; according to Charles Higham, his regnal years spanned 138–145 CE. He entered into

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888-599: Is both a tribal and a territorial name, the latter territorial denotation of present Telugu lands came into usage only well after the Satavahana period had ended, which meant that the term Andhra represented only the Andhra tribe (who had originated in North India along the Yamuna river banks as per Rigveda) and not the present Andhra region or its Telugu people. The term Andhrabhrityas (Andhra servants) may imply two things, one being that

962-402: Is credited with the building of the decorated gateways around the original Mauryan Empire and Sunga stupas . Satakarni II is known from a dedicatory inscription at Sanchi . He was succeeded by Lambodara. The coins of Lambodara's son and successor Apilaka have been found in eastern Madhya Pradesh. However, Andrew Ollett argues that there is only one Satakarni, as the alleged first Satakarni

1036-619: Is quoted in Holy Text Siva Leela Amrut . Even after the advent of Shankaracharya, some Buddhists were left who used to criticize the Vedic Philosophy. King Jalauka took the then Jagat Guru Shankaracharya of Eastern India , Swami Vidyaranya to Shurparaga. Swami Vidyaranya defeated remaining Buddhist Monks from Karla Caves , Mahad Caves , Kaneri Caves, and Shruparak and strongly revived the Vedic Dharma. Due to old age and at

1110-647: The Abhiras captured the northern parts of the kingdom, around Nashik region. After Yajna Satakarni, the dynasty was soon extinguished following the rise of its feudatories, perhaps on account of a decline in central power. On the other hand, the Western Satraps would continue to prosper for the next two centuries, until their extinction by the Gupta Empire . Yajna Sri was succeeded by Madhariputra Swami Isvarasena. The next king Vijaya ruled for 6 years. His son Vasishthiputra Sri Chadha Satakarni ruled for 10 years. Pulumavi IV,

1184-540: The Andhras (also Andhra-bhṛtyas or Andhra-jatiyas ) in the Puranas , were an ancient Indian dynasty . Most modern scholars believe that the Satavahana rule began in the late second century BCE and lasted until the early third century CE, although some assign the beginning of their rule to as early as the 3rd century BCE based on the Puranas , but uncorroborated by archaeological evidence. The Satavahana kingdom mainly comprised

1258-635: The Kalinga king Kharavela mentions a king named "Satakani" or "Satakamini", who some identify with Satakarni I. The inscription describes dispatching of an army and Kharavela's threat to a city. Since the inscription is only partially legible, different scholars interpret the events described in the inscription differently. According to R. D. Banerji and Sailendra Nath Sen, Kharavela sent out an army against Satakarni. According to Bhagwal Lal, Satakarni wanted to avoid an invasion of his kingdom by Kharavela. So, he sent horses, elephants, chariots and men to Kharavela as

1332-550: The Kanva dynasty . In the post- Maurya era, the Satavahanas established peace in the Deccan region and resisted the onslaught of foreign invaders. In particular their struggles with the Saka ( Western Satraps ) went on for a long time. The dynasty reached its zenith under the rule of Gautamiputra Satakarni and his successor Vasisthiputra Pulamavi . The kingdom had fragmented into smaller states by

1406-505: The Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. As for the Puranas, these texts could have been compiled at a later date and it is not certain if the Satavahanas were referred to as Andhras during their time. Another section of scholars believe that the Satavahanas originated in western Deccan (present-day Maharashtra ). All four extant inscriptions from the early Satavahana period (c. 1st century BCE) have been found in and around this region. One of

1480-726: The Utkala , present day Odisha , India. The above assumption seems to be stemming from the lone fact that the Sama Veda is more dedicated to music. Surprisingly these surnames appear elsewhere also and they are more related to the feudatory system. The Brahmins may have acquired these surnames during the Peshwa rule in Vasai Belt. The Samvedis belong to the following Gotras; In Odisha , Brahmins of Gautama gotra having Tripathy and Nanda surnames are Samvedis. The traditional profession of Samvedis

1554-513: The Vijaya Yatra . His Holiness stayed here for some months and later decided to reside eternally at this place of his Guru. Swami Padmanadha Tirtha Shankaracharya was a devotee of Lord Vallabha ( Krishna ). So, a temple devoted to Lord Krishna in front of his Samadhi was erected by the then Kashmiri Brahmin community who used to reside in Nirmal, the murti of Lord Krishna brought by Raja Jalauka , from

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1628-541: The Western Kshatrapas – extended their influence into these regions. The Western Kshatrapa ruler Nahapana is known to have ruled the former Satavahana territory, as attested by the inscriptions of his governor and son-in-law, Rishabhadatta . The Satavahana power was revived by Gautamiputra Satakarni , who is considered the greatest of the Satavahana rulers. Charles Higham dates his reign c.  103  – c.  127 CE . S. Nagaraju dates it 106–130 CE,

1702-555: The yoginis were considered to be the devotees of his mother Renuka . He also established 108 Teertha Kundas or Pushkarinis in Vasai. The reference of these places can be found in Hindu scriptures like Skanda Purana and Padma Purana . Samvedis came as expert singers to Shurparak (Vasai) during the Buddha era 1500 BC from the remote areas of Odisha , then called as Utkala / Kalinga . During

1776-539: The 13th century AD. This Holy place was also visited by Swami Vidyaranya, the 13th Shankaracharya of Sringeri Sharada Peetham in the 15th century. His samadhi is located at Hampi , Karnataka . During 1543, Portuguese started their rule and destroyed various cultural places in Vasai. The temple of Padmanabha Swami which was located at the hillock place now called Nirmal Naka was destroyed. The Brahmins, Shamedis, and Bhandaris who regarded Jagadguru Shankaracharya as their Holy Guru were sad at this ill act and they brought

1850-552: The Andhras were originally servants of the Mauryas or the Sungas. The other one, as per some scholars is that the expression is taken to indicate the servants of some other Andhra rulers. These scholars also suggest Kannada origin for the Satavahanas meaning that the dynasty originated in present-day Karnataka , and initially owed allegiance to some Andhra rulers. A Satavahana inscription found on

1924-534: The Bhavani Shankara Mandir (Agassi). Their deity is Nirmaleshwar, located on the Nirmal Hillock of Vasai . The history of Vasai dates back to Treta Yug . Vasai or Bassein used to be known as Oppire/ Orparak/ Shorparag/ Shurparaka. It was founded by Bhagawan Parashuram himself. Bhagavan Parashuram established Vimaleshwar Mandir and Vimala Sarovar. He consecrated 64 yoginis in and around Vasai since

1998-590: The Buddhist rule, their Vedic Dharma was loosened. Purna , the disciple of Gautama Buddha , belonged to Vasai preached in the Eastern India . At the advent of Adi Shankaracharya in Nirmal around 497 BC, the Buddhist Monks were defeated in the debates and Samvedis returned to their original Hindu fold and started strict following of the Vedic Dharma. They regarded Adi Sankara Jagadguru as their cardinal preacher. This

2072-667: The Samadhi Mandir of Swami Vidyaranya and Swami Padmanabha Tirtha, the 5th and 7th Shankaracharya of Puri Peetham in Kalinga architecture style. Due to the atrocities of Portuguese rulers this place was devoid of Brahmins. Under the guidance of Swami Vidya Shankara Bharati, Chimaji Appa Peshwa, in consultations with Peshwa Bajirao , appointed one Konkanastha Chitpavan Brahmin, one Karhade Brahmin, one Devrukhe Brahmin and 4-5 Shukla Yajurvedi Gujrati Brahmins in this region. Goddesses Bhuvaneshwari and Vimala are considered family deity or Kula Devi . These goddesses are said to reside in

2146-479: The Satavahana rule by overthrowing the Kanvas; the compiler of the Puranas confused him with the founder of the dynasty. Most modern scholars believe that the Satavahana ruler began in the first century BCE and lasted until the second century CE. This theory is based on Puranic records as well as archaeological and numismatic evidence. The theory that dates their rule to an earlier period is now largely discredited because

2220-491: The Satavahanas as per another historian V. S. Sukthankar. The varna of the dynasty is debated by modern scholars, who have variously argued for Shudra , Kshatriya , and Brahmana origins of the dynasty. The Puranas call the founder of the Satavahana family a vṛṣala (Shudra or low-born). The Nashik inscription of Gautami Balashri describes her son Gautamiputra Satakarni as eka-bamhana (Sanskrit: eka-brahmana ). Some scholars, such as V.V. Mirashi , have interpreted

2294-429: The Satavahanas initially came to power in the area around their capital Pratishthana (modern Paithan, Maharashtra) and then expanded their territory to eastern Deccan. Carla Sinopoli cautions that the inference about the western Deccan origin of the Satavahanas is "tentative at best" given the small sample of early inscriptions. Kanha's Pandavleni mentions the term maha-matra (officer-in-charge), which indicates that

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2368-419: The Satavahanas were originally non-Brahmanas who started claiming Brahmana status after establishing matrimonial relations with some Brahmana families. Information about the Satavahanas comes from the Puranas , some Buddhist and Jain texts, the dynasty's inscriptions and coins, and foreign (Greek and Roman) accounts that focus on trade. The information provided by these sources is not sufficient to reconstruct

2442-618: The Satavahanas. An inscription on the Southern Gateway records that it was the work of Satakarni II's royal architect Ananda. An inscription records the gift of one of the top architraves of the Southern Gateway by the artisans of the Satavahana Emperor Satakarni : Gift of Ananda, the son of Vasithi, the foreman of the artisans of rajan Siri Satakarni Little is known about Apilaka's successors, except cryptic references to one Kuntala Satakarni. The next well-known ruler of

2516-480: The Western Kshatrapa ruler Nahapana , as suggested by Nahapana's coins overstuck with names and titles of Gautamiputra. The Nashik prashasti inscription of Gautamiputra's mother Gautami Balashri, dated to the 20th year after his death, records his achievements. The most liberal interpretation of the inscription suggests that his kingdom extended from the present-day Rajasthan in the north to Krishna river in

2590-514: The area around Shankaracharya Parbat, Srinagar , ( Jammu and Kashmir ). The 38th Shankaracharya Swami Shivananda Saraswati of Puri Govardhan Peetham visited Nirmal Hillock during the rule of the Satavahana rule. During the times of Raja Bhimdev of Kalinga in order to solve the religious differences in between the Kshatriyas, the 106th Shankaracharya Swami Sukhabodha Tirtha arrived in Vasai during

2664-615: The chief city, the profession switched over to the gardening of flowers and wadis. Presently many Samvedis are engaged in the professions like Politics, Medicine, School Administration, Construction, Business and Management. Samvedi Brahmins of Vasai live in following villages around the Nirmal Sarovar earlier called Shurparak. Their native language is Kadodi . Samvedi Samaj Satavahana The Satavahanas ( / ˌ s ɑː t ə ˈ v ɑː h ə n ə / ; Sādavāhana or Sātavāhana , IAST : Sātavāhana ), also referred to as

2738-567: The context of regionalism , with the present-day Maharashtra , Andhra Pradesh , Karnataka and Telangana being variously claimed as the original homeland of the Satavahanas. Śātavāhana, Śālivāhana, Śātakarṇi seem to be Sanskritised versions of the indigenous name Sātakaṇi , which appear as Sālavāhaṇa in Prakrit vernacular. According to one theory, the word "Satavahana" ( Brahmi script : 𑀲𑀸𑀤𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦 Sādavāhana or 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦 Sātavāhana , IAST : Sātavāhana )

2812-457: The control of the hunter-gatherers and other tribal communities. As per historian M. Govinda Pai , Ptolemy (100–170 CE) states that when Siro Polemaios ( Vasishthiputra Sri Pulumayi ) was ruling from his capital Paithan in the north (reign c. 85-125 CE), another Satavahana prince called Baleokouros or Baleokoura (Vilivayakura) was ruling from Hippokoura ( Huvina Hipparagi ) of Basavana Bagewadi taluk of Vijayapura district of present Karnataka in

2886-530: The dynasty was Hāla , who composed Gaha Sattasai in Maharashtri Prakrit. Like Hala, his four successors also ruled for very short periods (a total of 12 years), indicating troubled times for the Satavahanas. Epigraphic and numismatic evidence suggests that the Satavahanas earlier controlled the northern Deccan Plateau , the northern Konkan coastal plains, and the mountain passes connecting these two regions. During 15–40 CE, their northern neighbours –

2960-467: The dynasty's founder Simuka has been contested by several scholars including P. L. Gupta and I. K. Sarma , who identified Chimuka as a later ruler. P. V. P. Sastry also later changed his view and stated that the two kings were different. In addition to the Kotilinga find, a coin of the Satavahana prince Saktikumara, who was in the fourth generation of the founder, has been reported as a stratified find from

3034-575: The dynasty's history with absolute certainty. As a result, there are multiple theories about the Satavahana chronology. Simuka is mentioned as the first king in a list of royals in a Satavahana inscription at Naneghat . The various Puranas state that the first king of the dynasty ruled for 23 years, and mention his name variously as Sishuka, Sindhuka, Chhismaka, Shipraka, etc. These are believed to be corrupted spellings of Simuka, resulting from copying and re-copying of manuscripts. Simuka cannot be dated with certainty based on available evidence. Based on

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3108-521: The earliest known Satavahana inscriptions was that found at Cave No.19 of the Pandavleni Caves in Nashik district , which was issued during the reign of Kanha (100–70 BCE). An inscription found at Naneghat was issued by Nayanika (or Naganika), the widow of Satakarni I ; another inscription found at Naneghat has been dated to the same period on a paleographic basis. A slightly later inscription dated to

3182-533: The early 3rd century CE. The Satavahanas were early issuers of Indian state coinage struck with images of their rulers. They formed a cultural bridge and played a vital role in trade and the transfer of ideas and culture to and from the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the southern tip of India . The date and place of origin of the Satavahanas, as well as the meaning of the dynasty's name, are a matter of debate among historians. Some of these debates have happened in

3256-466: The early 3rd century, the beginning of their rule can be dated to the 3rd century BCE. The Indica of Megasthenes (350 – 290 BCE) mentions a powerful tribe named "Andarae", whose king maintained an army of 100,000 infantry, 2,000 cavalry and 1,000 elephants. If Andarae is identified with the Andhras, this can be considered additional evidence of Satavahana rule starting in the 3rd century BCE. The Brahmanda Purana states that "the four Kanvas will rule

3330-485: The early Satavahanas followed the Mauryan administrative model. C. Margabandhu theorised that the Satavahanas were called Andhras because they were natives of eastern Deccan (the Andhra region), although they first established their empire in western Deccan after having served as Mauryan subordinates. Himanshu Prabha Ray (1986) opposes this theory, stating that the Andhra was originally an ethnic term, and did not come to denote

3404-534: The earnest prayers of the local Samvedis and Bhandaris, Swami Vidyaranya took Mahasamadhi at the Nirmal Vimaleshwar Mandir in 404 BC on the dark 11th day of Kartik . Emperor Jalauka (son of Ashoka ) built a big Samadhi Mandir according to the Odisha architecture . The grand disciple of Swami Vidyaranya, Swami Padmanabha Tirtha, the 7th Jagadguru Sankaracharya of Puri Govardhan Peetham arrived in Vasai during

3478-514: The earth for 45 years; then (it) will again go to the Andhras". Based on this statement, the proponents of this theory argue that the Satavahana rule began immediately after the Maurya rule, followed by a Kanva interregnum , and then, a revival of the Satavahana rule. According to one version of the theory Simuka succeeded the Mauryans. A variation of the theory is that Simuka was the person who restored

3552-475: The end of his reign to 181 CE. His coins feature images of ships, which suggest naval and marine trade success. Wide distribution of his coins, and inscriptions at Nashik, Kanheri and Guntur indicate that his rule extended over both eastern and western parts of Deccan. He recovered much of the territory lost the Western Kshatrapas, and issued silver coinage, imitating them. During the last years of his reign,

3626-478: The expression thus means "one who rides a nimble horse". Another theory connects their name to the earlier Satiyaputa dynasty. Yet another theory derives their name from the Munda words Sadam ("horse") and Harpan ("son"), implying "son of the performer of a horse sacrifice ". Several rulers of the dynasty bear the name or title "Satakarni". Satavahana, Satakarni, Satakani and Shalivahana appear to be variations of

3700-425: The following theories, the beginning of the Satavahana rule is dated variously from 271 BCE to 30 BCE. According to the Puranas, the first Andhra king overthrew the Kanva rule. He is named as Balipuccha in some texts. D. C. Sircar dated this event to c. 30 BCE, a theory supported by many other scholars. The Matsya Purana mentions that the Andhra dynasty ruled for around 450 years. As the Satavahana rule ended in

3774-423: The geographical region of eastern Deccan until well after the Satavahana period. According to Vidya Dehejia , the writers of the Puranas (which could have been written after the Satavahana period) mistook the Satavahana presence in eastern Deccan as evidence for their origin in that region, and wrongly labelled them as "Andhra". Puranas called the Satavahana kings as Andhra, Andhra-bhṛtya, or Andhra-jatiya. Andhra

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3848-474: The kingdom up to Nashik in the west. His successor Satakarni I conquered western Malwa , Anupa ( Narmada valley) and Vidarbha , taking advantage of the turmoil caused by Greek invasions of northern India. He performed Vedic sacrifices including Ashvamedha and Rajasuya . Instead of the Buddhists, he patronised Brahmins and donated a substantial amount of wealth to them. The Hathigumpha inscription of

3922-627: The last king of the main line, ruled until c.  225 CE . During his reign, several Buddhist monuments were constructed at sites including Nagarjunakonda and Amaravati . Madhya Pradesh was also part of his kingdom. After the death of Pulumavi IV, the Satavahana empire fragmented into five smaller kingdoms: The Satavahana territory included northern Deccan region, spanning the present-day Andhra Pradesh , Maharashtra and Telangana states. At times, their rule also extended to present-day Gujarat , Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh . The Nashik prashasti inscription issued by Gautami Balashri,

3996-406: The legend "Rano Siri Chimuka Satavahanasa" were found. Epigraphist and numismatist P. V. P. Sastry initially identified Chimuka with the dynasty's founder Simuka, Coins attributed to Simuka's successors Kanha and Satakarni I were also discovered at Kotilingala. Based on these discoveries, historians such as Ajay Mitra Shastri, D. R. Reddy, S. Reddy, and Shankar R. Goyal theorised that Kotlingala

4070-476: The lord of Dakshinapatha , on account of the nearness of their connection did not destroy him." According to D. R. Bhandarkar and Dineshchandra Sircar , the ruler defeated by Rudradaman was Gautamiputra Satakarni. However, E. J. Rapson believed that the defeated ruler was his son Vasishthiputra Pulumavi . Shailendra Nath Sen and Charles Higham believe that the defeated ruler was Vashishtiputra's successor Shivaskanda or Shiva Sri Pulumayi (or Pulumavi). As

4144-682: The medieval times, Srisailam region or the Sriparvata area was known as Kannadu and Kannavisaya which is the contracted form of Satakarninadu and Satakarnivisaya , which seem to be identical with the territorial indicator Satavahanihara of the Myakadoni inscription of Pulumayi or the Satavahaniratta of the Hirahadagalli grant consisting of the Ballari region indicated to be the original homeland of

4218-439: The mother of Gautamiputra Satakarni , claims that her son ruled an extensive territory that stretched from Gujarat in the north to northern Karnataka in the south. It is not clear if Gautamiputra had effective control over these claimed territories. In any case, historical evidence suggests that his control over these territories did not last long. Moreover, this realm was not continuous: many areas in this region remained under

4292-572: The new consensus is shared by Shailendra Bhandare, Akira Shimada, and Oskar von Hinuber, who regard Gautamiputra Satakarni 's reign was ca. 60–85 CE, as it is evident from history that "Gautamiputra Saatakarni" in the year 78 CE defeated Vikramaditya of Ujjain, which in turn was celebrated and named "Yug Aadi" means Beginning of New Era (New Year for Andhra, Karnataka, Maharashtra (Gudi padwa), Telangana states). Ever since these states people followed Saatavaahana calendar. Andrew Ollett considers it as 60–84 CE. The king defeated by him appears to have been

4366-429: The non-Brahmana Shakas , and the Satavahanas could not have been Brahmanas because the same inscription also describes Gautamiputra as the one who stopped admixture of varnas ( vinivatita chatu vana sankara ). Historian V. Sundara Rama Sastry argues that the interpretation of the term "eka-bamhana" as "the only Brahmana" does not make sense as the king was obviously not the only member of his varna: instead, he interprets

4440-425: The present-day Andhra Pradesh , Telangana , and Maharashtra . At different times, their rule extended to parts of modern Gujarat , Madhya Pradesh , and Karnataka . The dynasty had different capital cities at different times, including Kotalingala (Telangana), Pratishthana (Paithan) and Amaravati ( Dharanikota ). The origin of the dynasty is uncertain, but according to the Puranas , their first king overthrew

4514-732: The reign of Satakarni II has been found at Sanchi in Madhya Pradesh , located to the north of Maharashtra. The majority of the other Satavahana inscriptions have also been found in western Deccan. On the other hand, the epigraphic evidence from eastern Deccan does not mention the Satavahanas before the 4th century CE. At Nevasa , a seal and coins attributed to Kanha have been discovered. Coins attributed to Satakarni I have also been discovered at Nashik, Nevasa, and Pauni in Maharashtra (besides places in eastern Deccan and present-day Madhya Pradesh). Based on this evidence, some historians argue that

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4588-608: The royal court entertaining the King. The then king appointed these people to offer music services at the Samadhi place, thus they were called Samaadhi which later became Shamedi meaning the Samadhi Temple musicians. Shamedis offer their services using musical instruments such as Sanai, Choughada, Mridanga, Bheri and Veena during the dawn and night worship at Nirmal Jagadguru Shankaracharya Samadhi Mandir, Shri Sureshwar (Suleshwar) Mandir and

4662-458: The same word. Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi theorised that the word "Satakarni" is derived from the Munda words sada ("horse") and kon ("son"). The Puranas use the name "Andhra" for the Satavahanas. The term "Andhra" may refer to the ethnicity or territory of the dynasty (see Original homeland below). It does not appear in the dynasty's own records. The Tamil epic Cilappatikaram mentions

4736-414: The south who was none other than his own son. Pai identifies this prince Vilivaya-kura as another form of Vilivaya Kumara (meaning the son of Vilivaya), and he goes on to prove that Vilivaya is indeed merely another rendering of Pulumayi which was transformed as per Prakrit rules, the spoken form of this language during that period, and due to common parlance. Thus, Vilivayakura means a son of Pulumayi who

4810-528: The south, and from Saurashtra in the west to Kalinga in the east. He assumed the titles Raja-Raja (King of Kings) and Maharaja (Great King), and was described as the Lord of Vindhya . During the last years of his reign, his administration was apparently handled by his mother, which could have been a result of an illness or military preoccupation. According to the Nasik inscription made by his mother Gautami Balashri, he

4884-554: The stones of the samadhi of Padmanabha Swami and placed them in the left side of Vidyaranya Swami Samadhi Mandir. During this period, 200 religious places were destroyed by foreigners in Bassein. The atrocities of the Portuguese were on the rise. People then requested Chimaji Appa Peshwa to liberate them. He attacked Portuguese and conquered Vasai in the 18th century AD. At the guidance of Swami Vidya Shankara Bharati, Chimaji Appa renovated,

4958-443: The term as "sole Brahmana", and argued that Satavahanas were Brahmanas. Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri interprets the term as "unique Brahmana", and notes that the inscription also describes Gautamiputra as "the destroyer of the pride and conceit of Kshatriyas", which according to him strongly suggests that Gautamiputra claimed to be a Brahmana. The critics of this theory point out that Gautamiputra's family had matrimonial relations with

5032-570: The term as an epithet indicating that the king "excelled even the Brahmans". Historian R. G. Bhandarkar interprets the term "the only protector" of the Brahmanas. Some Jain works and the Dvātriṃśat-Puttalikā represent Shalivahana (whom some modern scholars identify as a Satavahana king) as of mixed Brahmana and Naga origin. Based on this, some scholars, such as D.C. Sircar , theorize that

5106-421: The throne around 110 CE, according to Shailendra Bhandare, Akira Shimada, and Oskar von Hinuber Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi ruled ca. 85–125 CE, and Andrew Ollett considers it to be ca. 84–119 CE. Pulumavi features in a large number of Satavahana inscriptions and his coins have been found distributed over a wide area. This indicates that he maintained Gautamiputra's territory, and ruled a prosperous kingdom. He

5180-571: The various Puranas contradict each other, and are not fully supported by epigraphic or numismatic evidence. The oldest Satavahana inscription is the one found on a slab of the upper drum (medhi) of the Kanaganahalli Great Stupa mentioning year 16 of Vasisthiputra Sri Chimuka Satavahana's reign, which can be dated from ca. 110 BCE. 𑀭𑀸𑀜𑁄 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀙𑀺𑀫𑀼𑀓 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦𑀲 𑀲𑁄𑀟𑁂 𑀯𑀙𑀭𑁂 𑁛𑁗 𑀫𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀲𑁂𑀓 Rano siri chimu(ka) sātavāhanasa soḍe vachare 10 6 mātiseka "In

5254-448: The year sixteen 16 of King Siri Chimuka Sātavāhana" On another stone slab at Kanaganahalli, the king is possibly shown together with a Nagaraja , and the inscription reads: 𑀭𑀸𑀚𑀸 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀙𑀺𑀫𑀼𑀓𑁄 𑀲𑀸𑀤𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦𑁄 𑀦𑀸𑀕𑀭𑀸𑀬 𑀲𑀔𑀥𑀸𑀪𑁄 Rājā Siri Chimuko Sādavāhano nāgarāya Sakhadhābho "Lord King Simuka the Satavahana, Nagaraja Sakhadhābho" Simuka was succeeded by his brother Kanha (also known as Krishna), who extended

5328-711: Was the one ... … who crushed down the pride and conceit of the Kshatriyas ; who destroyed the Sakas ( Western Satraps ), Yavanas ( Indo-Greeks ) and Pahlavas ( Indo-Parthians ),... who rooted out the Khakharata family (the Kshaharata family of Nahapana ); who restored the glory of the Satavahana race. Gautamiputra was succeeded by his son Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi (or Pulumayi). According to Sailendra Nath Sen, Pulumavi ruled from 96 to 119 CE. According to Charles Higham, he ascended

5402-442: Was the original home of the Satavahanas. Ajay Mitra Shastri stated that the finding of the coins at Kotilingala give "a clear pointer to the region where we have to locate the original center of the Satavahana political authority." However, the coin samples from Kotlingala are small, and it is not certain if these coins were minted there or reached there from somewhere else. Moreover, the identification of Chimuka of Kotilingala with

5476-514: Was to present Music, Dance, and Dramas at the Royal Palaces and in the Hindu temples as a part of the social awareness of religion. Later during the period of Raja Pratap Bimba the profession shifted to that of cultivating sugarcane and nagavel leaves. The cultivation of paddy was added to the profession in the late 17th century. Later during the 18th century after the opening of the Mumbai (Bombay) as

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