74-522: Kadakkal is a historic city located in the eastern part of Kollam district , Kerala . It is 44 km away from both Kollam City and Thiruvananthapuram . State highway 64 passes through the town. Kadakkal is well known for the social revolutionary activities held in the pre-independent period of India. The town is an important business centre and is known for its Trade (Kadakkal Chantha), Kadakkal Viplavam Kadakkal Riot Case , Festivals (Kadakkal Thiruvathira), Religious unity and spice production. Kadakkal
148-457: A sex ratio of 1113 females for every 1000 males. The total literacy rate of Kollam district was 94.09%. The male literacy rate was 96.09% and the female literacy rate was 92.31% in Kollam district. 45.05% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 12.46% and 0.41% of the population respectively. Malayalam is the predominant language, spoken by 99.10% of
222-401: A Spanish name for cashew). Cashew nuts are more widely traded than cashew apples, because the fruit, unlike the nut, is easily bruised and has a very limited shelf life. Cashew apple juice, however, may be used for manufacturing blended juices. When the apple is consumed, its astringency is sometimes removed by steaming the fruit for five minutes before washing it in cold water. Steeping
296-416: A consequence of hidden nut ingredients or traces of nuts that may inadvertently be introduced during food processing, handling, or manufacturing. The shell of the cashew nut contains oil compounds that can cause contact dermatitis similar to poison ivy , primarily resulting from the phenolic lipids , anacardic acid , and cardanol . Because it can cause dermatitis, cashews are typically not sold in
370-421: A dark yellow oil derived from pressing the cashew nuts (typically from lower-value broken chunks created accidentally during processing) and is used for cooking or as a salad dressing. The highest quality oil is produced from a single cold pressing. Cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) or cashew shell oil ( CAS registry number 8007-24-7) is a natural resin with a yellowish sheen found in the honeycomb structure of
444-448: A double distillation process. The resulting beverage is called feni or fenny. Feni is about 40–42% alcohol (80–84 proof). The single-distilled version is called urrak , which is about 15% alcohol (30 proof). In Tanzania, the cashew apple ( bibo in Swahili ) is dried and reconstituted with water and fermented, then distilled to make a strong liquor called gongo . Cashew nut oil is
518-522: A helipad, for Kollam Pooram and by driving schools. It covers over 60 acres (24 ha) in an oval. The first community tourism program in the state is being established on the Munroethuruth islands. Backwater tourism is an activity enjoyed in Kollam; Ashtamudi Lake, Paravur , Munroe Island, and Alumkadavu are the main backwater destinations. Accommodation is in resorts and on houseboats. Thenmala , located 66 kilometres (41 mi) east of Kollam,
592-540: A husk, which accounts for approximately 5% of the total nut. Cashew nut husk is used in emerging industrial applications, such as an adsorbent , composites , biopolymers , dyes and enzyme synthesis. The mature cashew apple can be eaten fresh, cooked in curries, or fermented into vinegar, citric acid or an alcoholic drink. It is also used to make preserves, chutneys, and jams in some countries, such as India and Brazil. In many countries, particularly in South America,
666-666: A large cave situated at the northwestern part of the Shenduruny River were excavated from this sanctuary. These remains belong to the Mesolithic period. This tropical rain forest has a wide variety of wildlife, and some endangered species are found here. Species found in the sanctuary include tiger , bonnet and lion-tailed macaques , Nilgiri langur , gaur (or Indian bison), sambar deer , muntjac (or barking deer), Indian spotted chevrotain (or mouse deer), wild boar , Indian elephant and different species of squirrels , such as
740-474: A large collection of police artefacts and rare photographs. The museum has a room dedicated to officers martyred in the line of duty. The forensic section has a large collection of photographs. The museum is located at the Kollam East Police Station. Administratively Kollam District is composed of two Revenue Divisions, viz Kollam and Punalur with three Taluks each under them. 2) Punalur Kollam
814-402: A less frequent allergen than other tree nuts or peanuts . For up to 6% of children and 3% of adults, consuming cashews may cause allergic reactions , ranging from mild discomfort to life-threatening anaphylaxis . These allergies are triggered by the proteins found in tree nuts, and cooking often does not remove or change these proteins. Reactions to cashew and tree nuts can also occur as
SECTION 10
#1733093108972888-426: A majority comes from the poorer sections of the society. There are several cashew-processing units in the district. The Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Ltd., a Government of Kerala undertaking, has its headquarters in Kollam and serves as a model agency for the cashew-processing industry. The corporation has 30 cashew factories and employs more than 20,000 workers. Another government organisation in this field
962-513: A paste that forms a base of sauces for curries (e.g., korma ), or some sweets (e.g., kaju barfi ). It is also used in powdered form in the preparation of several Indian sweets and desserts. In Goan cuisine , both roasted and raw kernels of Goa Kaju are used whole for making curries and sweets. Cashews are also used in Thai and Chinese cuisines , generally in whole form. In the Philippines, cashew
1036-564: A portion of the Achencoil forest divisions). The Thenmala Range, Aryankavu Range, and Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary comprise the Thenmala division and the Achencoil, Kallar, and Kanayar Ranges make up the Achencoil division. The Pathanapuram and Anchal Ranges constitute the Punalur division. The Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary , 66 kilometres (41 mi) from Kollam, is situated on the southern part of
1110-458: Is CAPEX, which is part of the cooperative sector and has 10 cashew factories. Coir production, handloom industry, clay and wood-based industries contribute to the industrial health of the region. According to the Government of Kerala estimates 81,438 hectares (314.43 sq mi) of land is under forest cover, mainly in the eastern portion of the district (including the Thenmala, Punalur, and
1184-562: Is a famous temple of this region. The uniqueness of the main Devi temple is that there is no idol . The temple is maintained by Travancore Devaswom Board. The temple is well-known for the thiruvathira festival celebrated in February or March, and is one of the most attractive festivals in Travancore & Kollam area. The temple festivities attract large crowds from various parts of the state. The festival
1258-449: Is a known product of Antipolo and is eaten with suman . The province of Pampanga also has a sweet dessert called turrones de casuy , which is cashew marzipan wrapped in white wafers. In Indonesia, roasted and salted cashews are called kacang mete or kacang mede , while the cashew apple is called jambu monyet ( lit. 'monkey rose apple'). In the 21st century, cashew cultivation increased in several African countries to meet
1332-516: Is a sightseeing destination. The Anathavalam is near here where one can see domestic elephants, touch and ride them. Mannathippara is at Polachira, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of Chathannoor. Sasthamcotta Lake, about 19 kilometres (12 mi) from Kollam, is the largest freshwater lake in Kerala and a domestic tourist destination. Jetayu Para, a large boulder, is located in Chadayamangalam; it
1406-504: Is a well-known tourist destination in Kollam city; the tourist village is located on the banks of Ashtamudi Lake. Ashramam is a hub of tourism activities in Kollam, and the District Tourism Promotion Council (DTPC) office is located within the village. The Asramam Maidan (Ashramam ground) , adjacent to the tourist village, is the largest open space within a Kerala municipal corporation. It is used for events, sports, as
1480-617: Is administratively divided into 6 taluks. They are Kollam, Karunagappally, Kunnathur, Kottarakkara, Punalur and Pathanapuram, which are subdivided into 104 villages. The tahsildar is the revenue official in charge of each taluk. There are four municipalities in Kollam District. Punalur , Paravur , Karunagappally and Kottarakkara are the municipalities. There is a long-standing demand for upgrading Pathanapuram & Anchal panchayaths into municipal status. Kollam district has three Lok Sabha (lower house) constituencies. They include
1554-422: Is celebrated over a period of ten days programme. The main attraction of the festival is Eduppukuthira (Chariot). The deity is known as Kadakkal Amma and is considered a very powerful deity by the devotees. The ten-day "Thiruvathira" festival comes to an end with 'Kuruzi'. Kollam district Kollam district ( Malayalam: [kolːɐm] ), (formerly Quilon district) is one of 14 districts of
SECTION 20
#17330931089721628-527: Is composed of the Greek prefix ana- ( ἀνά- , aná , 'up, upward'), the Greek cardia ( καρδία , kardía , 'heart'), and the Neo-Latin suffix -ium . It possibly refers to the heart shape of the fruit, to "the top of the fruit stem" or to the seed. The word anacardium was earlier used to refer to Semecarpus anacardium (the marking nut tree) before Carl Linnaeus transferred it to
1702-473: Is cultivated in the tropics between 25°N and 25°S, and is well-adapted to hot lowland areas with a pronounced dry season, where the mango and tamarind trees also thrive. The traditional cashew tree is tall (up to 14 m (46 ft)) and takes three years from planting before it starts production, and eight years before economic harvests can begin. More recent breeds, such as the dwarf cashew trees, are up to 6 m (20 ft) tall and start producing after
1776-763: Is divided into two subdivisions, each under an Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP)/ Deputy Superintendent of Police (DySP): Kottarakkara and Punalur . There are a total of 29 police stations, in 13 circles. Kollam city traffic is controlled by the City Traffic Police, with a Traffic Police Station located near the Asramam Ground. Kerala's first coastal police station was established in Neendakara, Kollam. The first police museum in India-The Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Police Museum has
1850-689: Is famous, especially for its agrarian commodity business like coconut, areca nut, copra, tapioca, rubber, etc. Kadakkal Grama Panchayat is a Special Grade Panchayat. It spreads over an area of 48.9 km and has a population of 45291 with 21749 males and 23542 females, according to 2001 census. Pangode , Chithara , Nilamel , Ittiva , Kummil and Chadayamangalam are the neighborhood Panchayats. Educational facilities from lower primary schools to professional colleges are present in Kadakkal. The institutions are run by private management and government authorities. Institutions include: Kadakkal Devi Temple
1924-410: Is having a fairly good network of waterways. The State Water Transport Department operates boat services to West Kallada , Munroe Island and Alappuzha. Double decker luxury boats run between Kollam and Allepey daily. Luxury boats, operated by Government and private owners, operate from the main boat jetty during the tourist season. The west coast canal system, which starts from Thiruvananthapuram in
1998-523: Is known for a long time, where one of the notable movements of Indian independence movement took place. Kadakkal Riot Case is listed by the Home Ministry, Government of India as one of the 39 movements that led to India getting freedom from the British Raj . known as the " Kadakkal Riot Case " and was led by Franco Raghavan Pillai. Kadakkal town is an important business center. Kadakkal Chantha (Market)
2072-435: Is large and evergreen , growing to 14 metres (46 feet) tall, with a short, often irregularly shaped trunk. The leaves are spirally arranged, leathery textured, elliptic to obovate, 4–22 centimetres ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 – 8 + 3 ⁄ 4 inches) long and 2–15 cm ( 3 ⁄ 4 –6 in) broad, with smooth margins. The flowers are produced in a panicle or corymb up to 26 cm (10 in) long; each flower
2146-488: Is named for a mythical character in the Ramayana . It is believed that Jatayu fell here, after his failed attempt to stop Ravana . Cashew Cashew is the common name of a tropical evergreen tree Anacardium occidentale , in the family Anacardiaceae . It is native to South America and is the source of the cashew nut and the cashew apple, an accessory fruit . The tree can grow as tall as 14 metres (46 feet), but
2220-496: Is native to tropical South America and later was distributed around the world in the 1500s by Portuguese explorers . Portuguese colonists in Brazil began exporting cashew nuts as early as the 1550s. The Portuguese took it to Goa , formerly Estado da Índia Portuguesa in India, between 1560 and 1565. From there, it spread throughout Southeast Asia and eventually Africa. The cashew tree
2294-548: Is practised by majority of the people in Kollam district of which Nair (32%) and Ezhava (30.5%) are the largest sub groups. Islam (19.3%) is the second largest religion. Kollam is the only district in Southern Kerala where Muslims outnumber Christians. Despite this Kollam has a significant Christian population too (16%) among this the Latin Catholics (38.5%), Malankara Orthodox (36.1) and Marthoma Church (15.8%) form
Kadakkal - Misplaced Pages Continue
2368-453: Is reachable through Nilamel , and is well connected to nearby villages like Anchal , Kilimanoor , Parippally and Madathara . Kadakkal is one of the place which facilitates the easiest roadway access to the neighbouring state Tamil Nadu and is one of the upcoming Municipalities in Kollam district . The town is only 50 km away from Tamil Nadu border, Trivandrum central and Kollam city. Kadakkal
2442-646: Is served by the KSRTC , Tamil Nadu State Transport and Karnataka State Transport Companies. KSRTC Interstate bus service operates from the Kollam and Kottarakkara KSRTC bus stations. Kollam zone of KSRTC is now the second most revenue generating zone in Kerala . Kollam Junction railway station (QLN) is the one and only rail head in the district. A total of 128 short & long-distance services (including weekly) and 10 services of MEMU are running through Kollam Junction railway station . A most modern MEMU maintenance shed
2516-461: Is small, pale green at first, then turning reddish, with five slender, acute petals 7–15 millimetres ( 1 ⁄ 4 – 5 ⁄ 8 in) long. The largest cashew tree in the world covers an area around 7,500 m (81,000 sq ft) and is located in Natal , Brazil . The fruit of the cashew tree is an accessory fruit (sometimes called a pseudocarp or false fruit). What appears to be
2590-680: Is the first ecotourism project in India and run by the Thenmala Ecotourism Promotion Society. Kollam was the seat of the Desinganad kings. Kottarakara is well known as the place where a new version of the classical dance form of Kathakali was conceived. It was also the capital of the Elayidath Swaroopam . Kundara is known for the 1812 proclamation against the British by Velu Thampi Dalawa . Alappad village, located on
2664-399: Is working in the railway station premises of Kollam city. In addition to that, there are some other major railway stations in the district namely Punalur (PUU) , Karunagappalli (KPY) , Paravur (PVU) , Sasthamkotta (STKT) , Kottarakara (KKZ) and Kundara (KUV) . The district has a good railway network, with 25 stations and about 132 kilometres (82 mi) of track. Kollam district boasts
2738-453: The 2011 census Kollam district has a population of 2,635,375, roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait or the US state of Nevada . This gives it a ranking of 155th in India (out of a total of 640 districts ). The district has a population density of 1,056 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,740/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 1.72 percent. Kollam has
2812-728: The Chavara , Kundara , Eravipuram , Kollam , Chathannoor , Chadayamangalam and Punalur assembly constituencies. While the Kunnathur , Kottarakkara and Pathanapuram constituencies are in the Mavelikara Lok Sabha constituency , the Karunagapally assembly constituency is in the Alappuzha Lok Sabha constituency . Kollam is connected by bus and train service. It is also connected to neighbouring states by bus service operated by
2886-580: The Indian giant and Indian palm squirrels . The western portion of Kollam is bordered by the Laccadive Sea . Kollam's coastline is 37.3 kilometres (23.2 mi), 6.3 percent of Kerala's total coastline. Neendakara and Sakthikulangara are important fishing villages. There are an estimated 26 villages whose livelihood depends entirely on fishing. Cheriazheekkal, Alappad , Pandarathuruthu, Puthenthura, Neendakara, Thangasseri, Eravipuram and Paravoor are among
2960-839: The Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) and Indian Railways . These are the KSRTC Depots & Sub Depots & Operating Centres (OC) in the district: The district is connected to other parts of Kerala and India through the National Highways – NH 66 (earlier NH 47) , NH 183 (earlier NH 220) , NH 744 (earlier NH 208) . The state highway - Main Central Road (MC Road) and Punalur -Pathanamthitta- Muvattupuzha Main Eastern Highway — connects Kollam with other districts. Intrastate road transportation
3034-692: The DV) of dietary minerals , including particularly copper , manganese , phosphorus , and magnesium (79–110% DV), and of thiamin , vitamin B 6 and vitamin K (32–37% DV). Iron , potassium , zinc , and selenium are present in significant content (14–61% DV) (table). Cashews (100 g, raw) contain 113 milligrams (1.74 gr) of beta-sitosterol . Culinary uses for cashew seeds in snacking and cooking are similar to those for all tree seeds called nuts. Cashews are commonly used in South Asian cuisine , whole for garnishing sweets or curries, or ground into
Kadakkal - Misplaced Pages Continue
3108-558: The Inspector General of Police (IGP), Thiruvananthapuram Range (Kerala). The Kollam City Police is divided into three subdivisions, each under an Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP): Karunagappally, Kollam and Chathannoor. Each subdivision is divided into circles, headed by the Circle Inspector of Police. Each circle is divided into a number of police stations, headed by a Sub-Inspector of Police. The Kollam Rural Police District
3182-723: The Netherlands, Germany, Brazil, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Indonesia, Burkina Faso, and the United States. In 2014, the rapid growth of cashew cultivation in the Ivory Coast made this country the top African exporter. Fluctuations in world market prices, poor working conditions, and low pay for local harvesting have caused discontent in the cashew nut industry. Almost all cashews produced in Africa between 2000 and 2019 were exported as raw nuts which are much less profitable than shelled nuts. One of
3256-554: The Western Ghats (8°50' and 8°55'N; 77°5'and 77°15'E) in the Punalur taluk of the district. The name "Shenduruny" is derived from the name of a tree species locally called "Shenkuruny" or "Chenkuruny" (Gluta travancorica), a tree mainly found in this area. An artificial lake of about 26 square kilometres (10 sq mi) has developed following the construction of a dam across the Kallada River. Remnants of Stone Age culture from
3330-533: The area. The Kerala State Water Transport Department (KSWTD) has an operating centre near the KSRTC bus stand. Tourists may hire motorised country boats and houseboats with amenities ( Kettavulam in Malayalam ) to cruise along the waterways. The cashew industry is centralised in this district. Kollam is approved by the central government as a "centre of cashew industry". Most workers in this industry are women; among them,
3404-528: The better-known and also toxic allergenic oil urushiol , which is found in the related poison ivy and lacquer tree . The English name derives from the Portuguese name for the fruit of the cashew tree: caju ( Portuguese pronunciation: [kaˈʒu] ), also known as acaju , which itself is from the Tupi word acajú , literally meaning "nut that produces itself". The generic name Anacardium
3478-428: The cashew apple is used to flavor drinks, both alcoholic and nonalcoholic. In Brazil, cashew fruit juice and fruit pulp are used in the production of sweets, and juice mixed with alcoholic beverages such as cachaça , and as flour, milk, or cheese. In Panama, the cashew fruit is cooked with water and sugar for a prolonged time to make a sweet, brown, paste-like dessert called dulce de marañón ( marañón being
3552-465: The cashew nutshell, and is a byproduct of processing cashew nuts. As it is a strong irritant, it should not be confused with edible cashew nut oil. It is dangerous to handle in small-scale processing of the shells, but is itself a raw material with multiple uses. It is used in tropical folk medicine and for anti- termite treatment of timber. Its composition varies depending on how it is processed. These substances are skin allergens, like lacquer and
3626-475: The cashew; both plants are in the same family. The epithet occidentale derives from the Western (or Occidental) world. The plant has diverse common names in various languages among its wide distribution range, including anacardier ( French ) with the fruit referred to as pomme de cajou , caju ( Portuguese pronunciation: [kaˈʒu] ), or acaju (Portuguese). The species
3700-402: The dwarf cultivars, growing up to 6 m (20 ft), prove more profitable, with earlier maturity and greater yields. The cashew nut is edible and is eaten on its own as a snack , used in recipes, or processed into cashew cheese or cashew butter . The nut is often simply called a 'cashew'. In 2019, four million tonnes of cashew nuts were produced globally, with Ivory Coast and India
3774-413: The end of the cashew apple. The drupe first develops on the tree and then the pedicel expands to become the cashew apple. The drupe becomes the true fruit, a single shell -encased seed , which is often considered a nut in the culinary sense. The seed is surrounded by a double shell that contains an allergenic phenolic resin, anacardic acid —which is a potent skin irritant chemically related to
SECTION 50
#17330931089723848-431: The field of rigid polyurethanes, aided by their inherent phenolic structure and larger number of reactive units per unit mass. CNSL may be used as a resin for carbon composite products. CNSL-based novolac is another versatile industrial monomer deriving from cardanol typically used as a reticulating agent (hardener) for epoxy matrices in composite applications providing good thermal and mechanical properties to
3922-442: The final composite material. Discarded cashew nuts unfit for human consumption, alongside the residues of oil extraction from cashew kernels, can be fed to livestock. Animals can also eat the leaves of cashew trees. As well as the nut and fruit, the plant has several other uses. In Cambodia, the bark gives a yellow dye, the timber is used in boat-making, and for house-boards, and the wood makes excellent charcoal. The shells yield
3996-429: The first year, with economic yields after three years. The cashew nut yields for the traditional tree are about 0.25 t/ha (0.100 long ton/acre; 0.11 short ton/acre), in contrast to over a ton per hectare for the dwarf variety. Grafting and other modern tree management technologies are used to further improve and sustain cashew nut yields in commercial orchards. In 2021, global production of cashew nuts (as
4070-465: The fruit in boiling salt water for five minutes also reduces the astringency. In Cambodia, where the plant is usually grown as an ornamental rather than an economic tree, the fruit is a delicacy and is eaten with salt. In the Indian state of Goa , the ripened cashew apples are mashed, and the juice, called "neero", is extracted and kept for fermentation for a few days. This fermented juice then undergoes
4144-479: The fruit is an oval or pear-shaped structure, a hypocarpium , that develops from the pedicel and the receptacle of the cashew flower. Called the cashew apple, better known in Central America as marañón , it ripens into a yellow or red structure about 5–11 cm (2– 4 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) long. The true fruit of the cashew tree is a kidney -shaped or boxing glove -shaped drupe that grows at
4218-607: The goals of the African Cashew Alliance is to promote Africa's cashew processing capabilities to improve the profitability of Africa's cashew industry. In 2011, Human Rights Watch reported that forced labour was used for cashew processing in Vietnam. Around 40,000 current or former drug users were forced to remove shells from " blood cashews " or perform other work and often beaten at more than 100 rehabilitation centers. Some people are allergic to cashews, but they are
4292-441: The kernel) was 3.7 million tonnes , led by Ivory Coast and India with a combined 43% of the world total (table). The top ten exporters of cashew nuts (in-shell; HS Code 080131) in value (USD) in 2021 were Ghana, Tanzania, Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Indonesia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Guinea. From 2017 to 2021, the top ten exporters of cashew nuts (shelled; HS Code 080132) were Vietnam, India,
4366-510: The leading producers. As well as the nut and fruit, the plant has several other uses. The shell of the cashew seed yields derivatives that can be used in many applications including lubricants, waterproofing, paints, and, starting in World War II, arms production. The cashew apple is a light reddish to yellow fruit, whose pulp and juice can be processed into a sweet, astringent fruit drink or fermented and distilled into liquor. The cashew tree
4440-553: The majority. TOTAL 100% 100% 100% *In 2015, the area of Kollam municipal corporation increased by merging Thrikkadavoor panchayat *The area of Karunagapally municipality has expanded by merging Ayanivelikulangara village . The history of the district's administration can be traced back to 1835, when the Travancore state consisted of two revenue divisions with headquarters at Kollam and Kottayam . When Travancore and Cochin were combined into Travancore-Cochin , Kollam
4514-477: The manufacturing demands for cashew milk , a plant milk alternative to dairy milk . In Mozambique, bolo polana is a cake prepared using powdered cashews and mashed potatoes as the main ingredients. This dessert is common in South Africa. The cashew nut kernel has a slight curvature and two cotyledons , each representing around 20–25% of the weight of the nut. It is encased in a reddish-brown membrane called
SECTION 60
#17330931089724588-465: The new Pathanamthitta district . Police administration in Kollam is divided into two districts: urban and rural. The City Police is headed by a City Police Commissioner, an IPS (Indian Police Service) officer with the rank of SP; its headquarters is at Kollam. The rural police is headed by the Rural Superintendent of Police (SP), with its headquarters at Kottarakkara. Both heads report to
4662-674: The oils of poison ivy, and they present a danger during manual cashew processing. This natural oil phenol has interesting chemical structural features that can be modified to create a wide spectrum of biobased monomers . These capitalize on the chemically versatile construct, which contains three functional groups : the aromatic ring , the hydroxyl group , and the double bonds in the flanking alkyl chain. These include polyols , which have recently seen increased demand for their biobased origin and key chemical attributes such as high reactivity, range of functionalities, reduction in blowing agents, and naturally occurring fire retardant properties in
4736-822: The population. Small minorities of Tamil speakers live in Koovakkad village and bordering areas The Kollam Urban Agglomeration (UA) is the 6th most populous UA in the state. Kollam is placed 49th in the list of most populous urban agglomerations in India . The total urban population of the entire district is 1,187,158. The metropolitan area of Kollam includes Adichanalloor , Adinad , Ayanivelikulangara , Chavara , Elampalloor , Eravipuram (part), Karunagappally , Kollam , Kundara , Kulasekharapuram , Mayyanad , Meenad , Nedumpana , Neendakara , Oachira , Panayam , Panmana , Paravur , Perinad , Poothakkulam , Thazhuthala , Thodiyoor , Thrikkadavoor , Thrikkaruva , Thrikkovilvattom , and Vadakkumthala . Hinduism (64.42%)
4810-582: The prominent fishing villages. One-third of Kerala's fish production (including 60 percent of its prawn catch) is contributed by Kollam, whose average fish production is estimated at 5,275 tonnes. Nearly 3,000 mechanised boats operate out of its fishing harbour. Jadayu earth centre , Palaruvi Falls , Thenmala (forests and reservoir), the Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve , Ashtamudi (backwater) and beaches at Kollam, Thirumullavaram and Thangassery are scenic areas. Ashramam Tourist Village
4884-658: The record of having most numbers of railway stations in the state. Trains from here connect the city of Kollam to major cities of India, including New Delhi , Bangalore , Chennai , Indore , Bhopal , Hyderabad , Thiruvananthapuram , Mumbai , Madurai , Vizag , Jammu , Howrah , Guwahati , Madgaon , Itarsi , Hubli , Ahmedabad , Kanyakumari , Gwalior , Nagpur , Pune , Kota , Bhubaneswar , Gorakhpur , Kochi , Kozhikode , Amritsar , Vijayawada , Coimbatore , Chandigarh and Mangalore . There are also passenger services running in Kollam – Thiruvananthapuram , Kollam– Ernakulam and Kollam– Punalur routes. The district
4958-406: The river, many boat clubs from various places, even beyond the district participate in the event. Kollam is known as the capital of Kerala's cashew industry. Plains, mountains, lakes, lagoons, and backwaters , forests, farmland and rivers make up the topography of the district. The area had trading relationships with Phoenicia and Ancient Rome . Kollam's temperature is almost steady throughout
5032-541: The seashore, was impacted by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami . Varkala Beach (also known as Papanasham) is 26 kilometres (16 mi) south of Kollam. The Duriyodana Temple is in Kunnathur Taluk. The Sakthikulangara Dharma Sastha Temple-Sree Ayyappa Swamy Temple is known for its Utsavam in the month of Makaram (between mid-January and mid-February). Polachira, in Chirakkara Gramapanchayat,
5106-599: The shell to consumers. Readily and inexpensively extracted from the waste shells, cardanol is under research for its potential applications in nanomaterials and biotechnology . Raw cashews are 5% water, 30% carbohydrates , 44% fat , and 18% protein (table). In a 100-gram reference amount, raw cashews provide 553 kilocalories , 67% of the Daily Value (DV) in total fats, 36% DV of protein , 13% DV of dietary fiber and 11% DV of carbohydrates . Cashews are rich sources (20% or more of
5180-546: The south and ends at Kanhangad in the north, passes through Paravur , the city of Kollam and Karunagappally taluk. The Thiruvananthapuram- Shornur canal , which forms a part of the Thiruvananthapuram-Hosdurg system, runs a distance of about 62 km. The other canal systems include the Paravur Kayal , Kollam Canal and Chavara canal. The waterways are popular attractions and scenic tourist destinations in
5254-431: The state of Kerala , India. The district has a cross-section of Kerala's natural attributes; it is endowed with a long coastline, a major Laccadive Sea seaport and an inland lake ( Ashtamudi Lake ). The district has many water bodies. Kallada River is one among them, and land on the east bank of the river is East Kallada and that on the west bank is West Kallada. In 825 CE, the Malayalam calendar , or Kollavarsham ,
5328-432: The year. The average temperature ranges from 25 to 32 degrees Celsius. Summer usually runs from March until May; the monsoon begins by June and ends by September. Kollam receives an annual average rainfall of around 2,700 millimetres (110 in). It receives both southwest and northeast monsoons. Winter is from November to February; the temperature is moderately cool, ranging from 18 to 25 degrees Celsius. According to
5402-485: Was created in Kollam at meetings held in the city. The present Malayalam calendar is said to have begun with the re-founding of the town, which was rebuilt after its destruction by fire. The city was known as Koolam in Arabic, Coulão in Portuguese, and Desinganadu in ancient Tamil literature. Kallada Boat race is one of the famous festival events of the district. Even though it is a competition between two land sides of
5476-523: Was one of the three revenue divisions. When the state of Kerala was formed in 1957, half portion of Chenkotta taluk was merged with the state of Madras . Later in 1957, the Cherthala, Ambalapuzha, Mavelikara, Karthikapalli, Chengannur and Thiruvalla taluks (formerly in Kollam district) were united to form the new district of Alappuzha . In 1983, Pathanamthitta taluk and Adoor taluk and seven villages of Kunnathur taluk were removed from Kollam district to form
#971028