79-521: Kaʻahumanu (March 17, 1768 – June 5, 1832) ( "the feathered mantle" ) was queen consort and acted as regent of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi as Kuhina Nui . She was the favorite wife of King Kamehameha I and also the most politically powerful, and continued to wield considerable power as co-ruler in the kingdom during reigns of his first two successors. Kaʻahumanu was born in a cave called Puu Kauiki in Hāna on
158-484: A Hawaiian civics club, was founded and named in her honor in 1864 to celebrate her legacy, serve the poor and sick and promote the importance of Hawaiian female leadership. Queen consort Philosophers Works A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king , and usually shares her spouse's social rank and status. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles and may be crowned and anointed, but historically she does not formally share
237-462: A chief's consorts are essentially of equal rank. Although one wife, usually the one married to the chief for the longest time, may be given a chieftaincy of her own to highlight her relatively higher status compared to the other wives, she does not share her husband's ritual power as a chieftain. When a woman is to be vested with an authority similar to that of the chief, she is usually a lady courtier in his service who, although not married to him,
316-702: A covenant document, that, according to the Hebrew Bible , are given by YHWH to Moses . The text of the Ten Commandments was dynamic in ancient Israel and appears in three markedly distinct versions in the Bible: at Exodus 20:2–17 , Deuteronomy 5:6–21 , and the " Ritual Decalogue " of Exodus 34:11–26 . According to the Book of Exodus in the Torah , the Ten Commandments were revealed to Moses at Mount Sinai , told by Moses to
395-500: A matter of theology. There are two major approaches to categorizing the commandments. One approach distinguishes the prohibition against other gods (verse 3) from the prohibition against images (verses 4–6): Another approach combines verses 3–6, the prohibition against images and the prohibition against other gods, into a single command while still maintaining ten commandments. Samaritan and Jewish traditions include another commandment, whereas Christian traditions will divide coveting
474-724: A paragon of morality. In Catholicism it is believed that Jesus freed Christians from the rest of Jewish religious law , but not from their obligation to keep the Ten Commandments. It has been said that they are to the moral order what the creation story is to the natural order. According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church —the official exposition of the Catholic Church 's Christian beliefs—the Commandments are considered essential for spiritual good health and growth, and serve as
553-436: A queen who is a king's "helpmate" and provider of heirs. They had power within the royal household and partially within the court. Their duty was running the royal household smoothly, such as directing the children's education, supervising the staff, and managing the private royal treasury. They unofficially acted as hostesses, ensuring the royal family was not involved in scandals and giving gifts to high-ranking officials in
632-467: A separate verse, is used for public Torah reading, while the ta'am tachton (lower accentuation), which divides the text into verses of more even length, is used for private reading or study. The verse numbering in Jewish Bibles follows the ta'am tachton . In Jewish Bibles the references to the Ten Commandments are therefore Exodus 20:2–14 and Deuteronomy 5:6–18 . The Samaritan Pentateuch varies in
711-591: A society where this was important to maintain bonds. As a result, consorts were expected to act as wise, loyal, and chaste women. Some royal consorts of foreign origin have served as cultural transmitters. Due to their unique position of being reared in one culture and then, when very young, promised into marriage in another land with a different culture, they have served as a cultural bridge between nations. Based on their journals, diaries, and other autobiographical or historical accounts, some exchanged and introduced new forms of art, music, religion, and fashion. However,
790-536: A summary of the requirements of a works covenant (called the "Old Covenant"), given on Mount Sinai to the nascent nation of Israel. The Old Covenant is fulfilled by Christ at the cross. Unbelievers are still under the Law. The law reveals man's sin and need for the salvation that is Jeshua. Repentance from sin and faith in Christ for salvation is the point of the entire Bible. They do reflect the eternal character of God, and serve as
869-531: A title other than king is held by the sovereign, his wife can be referred to by the feminine equivalent, such as princess consort or empress consort. In monarchies where polygamy has been practised in the past (such as Morocco and Thailand ), or is practised today (such as the Zulu nation and the various Yoruba polities), the number of the king's wives and their status varies. In Morocco, King Mohammed VI has broken with tradition and given his wife, Lalla Salma ,
SECTION 10
#1733093036223948-572: Is expected to lead his female subjects on his behalf. In the Ottoman Empire , haseki sultan ( Ottoman Turkish : حاصكي سلطان ; Ḫāṣekī Sulṭān; Turkish pronunciation: [haseˈci suɫˈtaːn] ) was the title held by the lawful wife and imperial consort of the sultan . The title was first used in the 16th century by Hurrem Sultan , wife of Suleiman the Magnificent , replacing the previous title of " Baş Kadın ("Head Lady"). The bearer of
1027-562: Is more common. The monarchies that adopted this title did so because the title of king is usually historically higher than queen, so when the sovereign is female, her husband should never have a higher title than her. An example is Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . He married Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom ; because she insisted that he be given a title identifying his status, he became Albert, Prince Consort . The traditional historiography on queenship has created an image of
1106-499: Is none good but one, that is, God: but if thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments. He saith unto him, Which? Jesus said, Thou shalt do no murder, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Honour thy father and thy mother: and, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. In his Epistle to the Romans , Paul the Apostle also mentioned five of
1185-619: Is that the carving went through the full thickness of the tablets, yet was miraculously legible from both sides. The Mishna records that during the period of the Second Temple , the Ten Commandments were recited daily, before the reading of the Shema Yisrael (as preserved, for example, in the Nash Papyrus , a Hebrew manuscript fragment from 150 to 100 BC found in Egypt, containing a version of
1264-567: Is the fulfilling of the law. In Anglicanism , the Articles of the Church of England , revised and altered by the Assembly of Divines, at Westminster , in the year 1643 state that "no Christian man whatsoever is free from the obedience of the commandments which are called moral. By the moral law, we understand all the Ten Commandments taken in their full extent." Baptists believe The Ten Commandments are
1343-633: Is the language of the heart and therefore the heartbeat of the Hawaiian people." Ka'ahumanu's policies on hula have had a ripple effect on the acceptability of the art form ever since. Kaʻahumanu and King Kamehameha III negotiated the first treaty between the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi and the United States in 1826, under the administration of President John Quincy Adams . The treaty assumed responsibility on behalf of native Hawaiians with debts to American traders and paid
1422-654: Is used for the bicycle and running portions of the Ironman World Championship Triathlon . It also provides access to the Kona International Airport . Queen Kaʻahumanu Center shopping mall is located at 275 West Kaʻahumanu Avenue (Hawai state route 32) in Kahului , Maui , 20°53′12″N 156°28′30″W / 20.88667°N 156.47500°W / 20.88667; -156.47500 ( Queen Kaʻahumanu Center ) . Kaʻahumanu Society ,
1501-564: Is usually called Mary of Teck , and Queen Maria José, consort of Umberto II of Italy , is usually called Marie José of Belgium ). Ten Commandments The Ten Commandments ( Biblical Hebrew : עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים , romanized: ʿĂsereṯ haDəḇārīm , lit. 'The Ten Words'), or the Decalogue (from Latin decalogus , from Ancient Greek δεκάλογος , dekálogos , lit. ' ten words ' ), are religious and ethical directives, structured as
1580-529: The 'Ai Noa (free eating), Kaʻahumanu conspired with Keōpūolani , another of her late husband's wives who was also Kamehameha II's mother, to eat at the same table with the young king. Notably, she also convinced the Kahuna -nui (translatable to High Priest) of the kingdom, Hewahewa , to support her efforts to abolish the kapu . While breaking a major kapu was a death penalty offence, Kamehameha II refused to kill his mother, Keōpūolani; this event effectively broke
1659-744: The Golden Rule . The Law of the Gospel is expressed particularly in the Sermon on the Mount . The Catechism of the Catholic Church explains that, "the Law of the Gospel fulfills the commandments of the Law. The Lord's Sermon on the Mount, far from abolishing or devaluing the moral prescriptions of the Old Law, releases their hidden potential and has new demands arise from them: it reveals their entire divine and human truth. It does not add new external precepts, but proceeds to reform
SECTION 20
#17330930362231738-493: The Hawaiian island of Maui . She was born on 17 March 1768. The present Kaahumanu Society celebrates the birthday of its namesake on March 17. Her father was Keʻeaumoku Papaʻiahiahi , a fugitive aliʻi (noble) from the island of Hawaiʻi , and her mother was Nāmāhānaikaleleokalani, daughter of King Kekaulike Kalani-nui-Kui-Hono-i-Kamoku and the wife of her half-brother the late king of Maui, Kamehameha Nui . Through her mother she
1817-741: The Ten Commandments . Kaʻahumanu was baptized on December 5, 1825, at the site where Kawaiahaʻo Church stands today. She took the name "Elizabeth". Missionaries persuaded Kaʻahumanu that the Roman Catholic Church , which had established the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace in Honolulu, should be removed from the island nation. On July 7, 1827, she ordered the first Catholic missionaries to leave. In 1830, Kaʻahumanu signed legislation that forbade Catholic teachings and threatened to deport whoever broke
1896-458: The covenant ", or לֻחֹת הָעֵדֻת, lukhot ha'edut "tablets of the testimony". The biblical narrative of the revelation at Sinai begins in Exodus 19 after the arrival of the children of Israel at Mount Sinai (also called Horeb ). On the morning of the third day of their encampment, "there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of the trumpet exceeding loud", and
1975-484: The First Commandment, honouring your father and mother, saying God's name in vain, and coveting, though this was rarely enforced due to a large number of stringent evidentiary requirements imposed by the oral law . The arrangement of the commandments on the two tablets is interpreted in different ways in the classical Jewish tradition. Rabbi Hanina ben Gamaliel says that each tablet contained five commandments, "but
2054-735: The Israelites in Exodus 19:25 and inscribed by the finger of God on two tablets of stone . Scholars disagree about when the Ten Commandments were written and by whom, with some modern scholars drawing comparisons between the Decalogue and Hittite and Mesopotamian laws and treaties. The Ten Commandments, called עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים ( transliterated aséret haddevarím ) in Biblical Hebrew , are mentioned at Exodus 34:28 , Deuteronomy 4:13 and Deuteronomy 10:4 . In all sources,
2133-584: The L ORD had said. Moses escorted a select group consisting of Aaron , Nadab and Abihu , and "seventy of the elders of Israel" to a location on the mount where they worshipped "afar off" and they "saw the God of Israel" above a "paved work" like clear sapphire stone. And the L ORD said unto Moses, Come up to me into the mount, and be there: and I will give thee tablets of stone, and a law, and commandments which I have written; that thou mayest teach them. And Moses rose up, and his minister Joshua: and Moses went up into
2212-778: The Lord thy God, and thou shalt sacrifice peace offerings, and thou shalt eat there and rejoice before the Lord thy God. That mountain is on the other side of the Jordan at the end of the road towards the going down of the sun in the land of the Canaanites who dwell in the Arabah facing Gilgal close by Elon Moreh facing Shechem. Most traditions of Christianity hold that the Ten Commandments have divine authority and continue to be valid, though they have different interpretations and uses of them. The Apostolic Constitutions , which implore believers to "always remember
2291-532: The Lutheran counting in the chart below, many Modern English Bible translations give the appearance of more than ten imperative statements in each passage. Different religious traditions categorize the seventeen verses of Exodus 20:1–17 and their parallels in Deuteronomy 5:4–21 into ten commandments in different ways as shown in the table. Some suggest that the number ten is a choice to aid memorization rather than
2370-508: The Sages say ten on one tablet and ten on the other", that is, that the tablets were duplicates. This can be compared to diplomatic treaties of the ancient Near East, in which a copy was made for each party. According to the Talmud , the compendium of traditional Rabbinic Jewish law, tradition, and interpretation, one interpretation of the biblical verse "the tablets were written on both their sides",
2449-506: The Ten Commandments and associated them with the neighbourly love commandment. Owe no man any thing, but to love one another: for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law. For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Thou shalt not covet; and if there be any other commandment, it is briefly comprehended in this saying, namely, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. Love worketh no ill to his neighbour: therefore love
Kaʻahumanu - Misplaced Pages Continue
2528-447: The Ten Commandments and the beginning of the Shema); but that this practice was abolished in the synagogues so as not to give ammunition to heretics who claimed that they were the only important part of Jewish law, or to dispel a claim by early Christians that only the Ten Commandments were handed down at Mount Sinai rather than the whole Torah. In later centuries rabbis continued to omit
2607-458: The Ten Commandments are heard in the synagogue three times a year: as they come up during the readings of Exodus and Deuteronomy, and during the festival of Shavuot . The Exodus version is read in parashat Yitro around late January–February, and on the festival of Shavuot, and the Deuteronomy version in parashat Va'etchanan in August–September. In some traditions, worshipers rise for
2686-480: The Ten Commandments from daily liturgy in order to prevent confusion among Jews that they are only bound by the Ten Commandments, and not also by many other biblical and Talmudic laws, such as the requirement to observe holy days other than the sabbath. However, some rabbinic authorities still recommend reading the Ten Commandments privately as part of unscheduled, non-communal prayer. The Ten Commandments are included in some prayerbooks for this purpose. Today,
2765-522: The Ten Commandments passages, both in that the Samaritan Deuteronomical version of the passage is much closer to that in Exodus, and in that Samaritans count as nine commandments what others count as ten. The Samaritan tenth commandment is on the sanctity of Mount Gerizim . The text of the Samaritan tenth commandment follows: And it shall come to pass when the Lord thy God will bring thee into
2844-462: The Ten Commandments remains in force today. The Lutheran division of the commandments follows the one established by St. Augustine , following the then current synagogue scribal division. The first three commandments govern the relationship between God and humans, the fourth through eighth govern public relationships between people, and the last two govern private thoughts. See Luther's Small Catechism and Large Catechism. The moral law contained in
2923-576: The Ten Commandments, according to the founder of the Methodist movement John Wesley , was instituted from the beginning of the world and is written on the hearts of all people. As with the Reformed view, Wesley held that the moral law, which is contained in the Ten Commandments, stands today: Every part of this law must remain in force upon all mankind in all ages, as not depending either on time or place, nor on any other circumstances liable to change; but on
3002-582: The Ten Commandments. The Tyndale and Coverdale English biblical translations used "ten verses". The Geneva Bible used "ten commandments", which was followed by the Bishops' Bible and the Authorized Version (the "King James" version ) as "ten commandments". Most major English versions use the word "commandments". The stone tablets, as opposed to the ten commandments inscribed on them, are called לוּחוֹת הַבְּרִית , lukhót habberít "tablets of
3081-537: The bare principles into the specifics that make up a full Christian ethic . During his Sermon on the Mount , Jesus explicitly referenced the prohibitions against murder and adultery. In Matthew 19:16–19 Jesus repeated five of the Ten Commandments, followed by that commandment called "the second" ( Matthew 22:34–40 ) after the first and great commandment . And, behold, one came and said unto him, Good Master, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life? And he said unto him, Why callest thou me good? There
3160-502: The basis for social justice . Church teaching of the Commandments is largely based on the Old and New Testaments and the writings of the early Church Fathers . The Catechism of the Catholic Church believes that in the New Testament, Jesus acknowledged their validity summarizing them into two " great commandments ." The great commandments contain the Law of the Gospel, summed up in
3239-482: The bill with $ 150,000 worth of sandalwood; this won her the support of chiefs who owed money to the traders. The same document was also a free trade treaty , ensuring Americans had the right to enter all ports of Hawaiʻi to do business. Americans were also afforded the right to sue in Hawaiian courts and be protected by Hawaiian laws. In 1827, after Kaʻahumanu returned from a tour of the windward islands, her health steadily declined. During her illness missionaries printed
Kaʻahumanu - Misplaced Pages Continue
3318-412: The camp, that he saw the calf, and the dancing: and Moses' anger waxed hot, and he cast the tablets out of his hands, and brake them beneath the mount." After the events in chapters 32 and 33, the L ORD told Moses, "Hew thee two tablets of stone like unto the first: and I will write upon these tablets the words that were in the first tablets, which thou brakest." "And he wrote on the tablets, according to
3397-466: The commandments according to their links with the Ten Commandments. According to Conservative Rabbi Louis Ginzberg , Ten Commandments are virtually entwined, in that the breaking of one leads to the breaking of another. Echoing an earlier rabbinic comment found in the commentary of Rashi to the Songs of Songs (4:5) Ginzberg explained—there is also a great bond of union between the first five commandments and
3476-552: The consorts of monarchs have no official political power per se , even when their position is constitutionally or statutorily recognized. They often held an informal sort of power dependent on the opportunities afforded to them. Should a queen consort have had an amiable personality and high intelligence, produced a healthy heir , and gained the favor of the court, then chances were higher she would gain more power over time. Many royal consorts have been shrewd or ambitious stateswomen and, usually (but not always) unofficially, among
3555-456: The decalogue, or whether the laws are only passed to them through Moses. The people were afraid to hear more and moved "afar off", and Moses responded with "Fear not." Nevertheless, he drew near the "thick darkness" where "the presence of the Lord" was to hear the additional statutes and "judgments", all which he "wrote" in the " book of the covenant " which he read to the people the next morning, and they agreed to be obedient and do all that
3634-432: The fire in the day of the assembly." Before the full forty days expired, the children of Israel collectively decided that something had happened to Moses, and compelled Aaron to fashion a golden calf , and he "built an altar before it" and the people "worshipped" the calf. After the full forty days, Moses and Joshua came down from the mountain with the tablets of stone : "And it came to pass, as soon as he came nigh unto
3713-543: The first copy, bound in red leather with her name engraved in gold letters, of the New Testament in the Hawaiian language. She kept it with her until her death of intestinal illness, June 5, 1832, in the Mānoa Valley near Honolulu. Her funeral was held at Kawaiahaʻo Church, often referred to as the Westminster Abbey of Hawaiʻi. Services were presided by Hiram Bingham . She was laid to rest on ʻ Iolani Palace grounds but
3792-654: The first writing, the ten commandments, which the L ORD spake unto you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly: and the L ORD gave them unto me." These tablets were later placed in the Ark of the Covenant . Although both the Masoretic Text and the Dead Sea Scrolls have the passages of Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5 divided into ten specific commandments formatted with space between them corresponding to
3871-527: The greatest injury to movable property (theft). The Ten Commandments are written with room for varying interpretation, reflecting their role as a summary of fundamental principles. They are not as explicit or as detailed as rules or as many other biblical laws and commandments, because they provide guiding principles that apply universally, across changing circumstances. They do not specify punishments for their violation. Their precise import must be worked out in each separate situation. The Bible indicates
3950-409: The heart, the root of human acts, where man chooses between the pure and the impure, where faith, hope, and charity are formed and with them the other virtues." The New Law "fulfills, refines, surpasses, and leads the Old Law to its perfection." The Lutheran Churches divide Mosaic Law into three components: the (1) moral law, (2) civil law, (3) ceremonial law. Of these, the moral law as contained in
4029-420: The king's political and military powers, unless on occasion acting as regent . In contrast, a queen regnant is a female monarch who rules suo jure (Latin for, "in her own right") and usually becomes queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch. A queen dowager is a widowed queen consort, and a queen mother is a queen dowager who is the mother of the current monarch. When
SECTION 50
#17330930362234108-526: The kingdom. To preserve the union they kidnapped Kaumualiʻi on October 9, 1821, and Kaʻahumanu married him by force. After Kaumualiʻi died in 1824, and a rebellion by Kaumualiʻi's son Humehume was put down, she married his other son Kealiʻiahonui . In April 1824, Kaʻahumanu publicly acknowledged her conversion to Protestant Christianity and encouraged her subjects to be baptized into the faith. That same year, she presented Hawaiʻi with its first codified body of laws modeled after Christian ethics and values and
4187-551: The land of the Canaanites whither thou goest to take possession of it, thou shalt erect unto thee large stones, and thou shalt cover them with lime, and thou shalt write upon the stones all the words of this Law, and it shall come to pass when ye cross the Jordan, ye shall erect these stones which I command thee upon Mount Gerizim , and thou shalt build there an altar unto the Lord thy God, an altar of stones, and thou shalt not lift upon them iron, of perfect stones shalt thou build thine altar, and thou shalt bring upon it burnt offerings to
4266-405: The last five. The first commandment: "I am the Lord, thy God," corresponds to the sixth: "Thou shalt not kill," for the murderer slays the image of God. The second: "Thou shalt have no strange gods before me," corresponds to the seventh: "Thou shalt not commit adultery," for conjugal faithlessness is as grave a sin as idolatry, which is faithlessness to God. The third commandment: "Thou shalt not take
4345-460: The law. In 1832, Kaʻahumanu visited Maui, and came to the site of what is now Kaʻahumanu Church , witnessing services being presided by Jonathan Smith Green . Upon seeing this, Queen Ka'ahumanu asked the Congregationalist mission to name the permanent church structure after her. However, this request was not honored until 1876 when Edward Bailey constructed the fourth and current structure on
4424-461: The monarch's most trusted advisors. In some cases, the royal consort has been the chief power behind her husband's throne, e.g., Maria Luisa of Parma , wife of Charles IV of Spain . At other times the consort of a deceased monarch (the dowager queen or queen mother ) has served as regent if her child, the successor to the throne, was still a minor: Similarly, in several cases in Siam (now Thailand )
4503-448: The monarchy's support of the kapu , and resulted in the system being outlawed. The island of Kauaʻi and its subject island Niʻihau had never been forcibly conquered by Kamehameha. After years of resistance they negotiated a bloodless surrender in the face of Kamehameha's armada. In 1810 the island's King, Kaumualiʻi , became a vassal to Kamehameha. When Kamehameha I died, Kamehameha II and Kaʻahumanu feared Kauaʻi would break away from
4582-604: The more traditional ordering, which follows the Septuagint of adultery, murder and theft, as opposed to the currently held order of the Masoretic of murder, adultery, theft. Protestantism, under which there are several denominations of Christianity, in general gives more importance to biblical law and the gospel . Magisterial Protestantism takes the Ten Commandments as the starting point of Christian moral life. Different versions of Christianity have varied in how they have translated
4661-402: The mount of God. The mount was covered by the cloud for six days, and on the seventh day Moses went into the midst of the cloud and was "in the mount forty days and forty nights ." And Moses said, "the L ORD delivered unto me two tablets of stone written with the finger of God ; and on them was written according to all the words, which the L ORD spake with you in the mount out of the midst of
4740-476: The name of the Lord in vain," corresponds to the eighth: "Thou shalt not steal," for stealing results in a false oath in God's name. The fourth: "Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy," corresponds to the ninth: "Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor," for he who bears false witness against his neighbor commits as grave a sin as if he had borne false witness against God, saying that He had not created
4819-516: The nature of God and the nature of man, and their unchangeable relation to each other" (Wesley's Sermons , Vol. I, Sermon 25). In keeping with Wesleyan covenant theology , "while the ceremonial law was abolished in Christ and the whole Mosaic dispensation itself was concluded upon the appearance of Christ, the moral law remains a vital component of the covenant of grace, having Christ as its perfecting end." As such, in Methodism, an "important aspect of
SECTION 60
#17330930362234898-493: The neighbor's wife and house. The Ten Commandments concern matters of fundamental importance in Judaism and Christianity: the greatest obligation (to worship only God), the greatest injury to a person (murder), the greatest injury to family bonds (adultery), the greatest injury to commerce and law (bearing false witness), the greatest inter-generational obligation (honour to parents), the greatest obligation to community (truthfulness),
4977-553: The other mitzvot are required solely of the Jewish people and that the laws incumbent on humanity in general are outlined in the seven Noahide laws , a concept that is not found anywhere in the Tanakh, several of which overlap with the Ten Commandments. In the era of the Sanhedrin transgressing any one of six of the Ten Commandments theoretically carried the death penalty , the exceptions being
5056-420: The people assembled at the base of the mount. After "the L ORD came down upon mount Sinai", Moses went up briefly and returned to prepare the people, and then in Exodus 20 "God spoke" to all the people the words of the covenant, that is, the "ten commandments" as it is written. Modern biblical scholarship differs as to whether Exodus 19–20 describes the people of Israel as having directly heard all or some of
5135-415: The post of kuhina nui for her, which was similar to co-regent or modern-day prime minister . Her power base grew and she ruled as Queen Regent during the reigns of both Kamehameha II and Kauikeaouli , who assumed the throne as Kamehameha III. In some ways Kaʻahumanu was ahead of her time and championed the rights of native Hawaiian women, although this was to her own advantage. In what became known as
5214-509: The queen consort was named regent during an extended absence of the king: Past queens consort : Past empresses consort : Current queens consort : Current empress consort : Current queens consort in federal monarchies Because queens consort lack an ordinal with which to distinguish between them, many historical texts and encyclopedias refer to deceased consorts by their premarital (or maiden) name or title, not by their marital royal title (examples: Queen Mary, consort of George V ,
5293-502: The reading of the Ten Commandments to highlight their special significance though many rabbis, including Maimonides , have opposed this custom since one may come to think that the Ten Commandments are more important than the rest of the Mitzvot . In printed Chumashim , as well as in those in manuscript form, the Ten Commandments carry two sets of cantillation marks. The ta'am 'elyon (upper accentuation), which makes each Commandment into
5372-817: The rituals to be performed by priests in the Holy Temple . Jewish tradition considers the Ten Commandments the theological basis for the rest of the commandments. Philo , in his four-book work The Special Laws , treated the Ten Commandments as headings under which he discussed other related commandments. Similarly, in The Decalogue he stated that "under [the "commandment… against adulterers"] many other commands are conveyed by implication, such as that against seducers, that against practisers of unnatural crimes, that against all who live in debauchery, that against all men who indulge in illicit and incontinent connections." Others, such as Rabbi Saadia Gaon , have also made groupings of
5451-536: The site, naming it after the Queen. As regent of Hawai'i after the death of her husband, King Kamehameha I , Ka'ahumanu took it upon herself to enforce Christian policies with her power, banning of the Hawaiian Dance hula in 1830. After her death in 1832, some chiefs ignored this ban, including King Kamehameha III . However it was not until King Kalakaua 's reign in 1886 that hula was celebrated openly once again: "Hula
5530-485: The special status of the Ten Commandments among all other Torah laws in several ways: The Ten Commandments form the basis of Jewish Rabbinic law , stating God's universal and timeless standard of right and wrong – unlike the rest of the 613 commandments which Jewish interpretative tradition claims are in the Torah, which include, for example, various duties and ceremonies such as various halachich kashrut dietary laws, and
5609-469: The ten commands of God," reveal the importance of the Decalogue in the early Church . Through most of Christian history the decalogue was considered a summary of God's law and standard of behaviour, central to Christian life, piety, and worship. Distinctions in the order and importance of said order continues to be a theological debate, with texts within the New Testament Romans 13:9 confirming
5688-663: The terms are translatable as "the ten words", "the ten sayings", or "the ten matters". In Mishnaic Hebrew they are called עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְּרוֹת, aséret haddiberót , a precise equivalent. In the Septuagint , the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, the phrase was translated as δεκάλογος , dekálogos or "ten words"; this Greek word became decalogus in Latin , which entered the English language as "Decalogue", providing an alternative name for
5767-754: The title occupied the second most important position in the Ottoman Empire for a female after valide sultan (queen mother). While the wife of a king is usually given the title of queen, there is much less consistency for the husband of a reigning queen . The title of king consort is rare. Examples are Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley , in Scotland and Francis, Duke of Cádiz , in Spain . Antoine of Bourbon-Vendôme in Navarre and Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in Portugal also gained
5846-518: The title of princess; prior to his reign, the Moroccan monarchy had no such title. In Thailand , the king and queen must both be of royal descent ; his other consorts need not be royal before marriage to him but are accorded royal titles that confer status. A Zulu chieftain designates one of his wives as " Great Wife ", an equivalent to queen consort. The situation is more complex in Yorubaland . All of
5925-405: The title. In Portugal, because of the practice of jure uxoris , both King Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburgo-Gotha and his predecessor, King Pedro of Portugal, were treated as ruling kings in protocol and were thus symbolically co-rulers with their wives, but both really had only the same power of a consort and the queen was the real ruler. The title of prince consort for the husband of a reigning queen
6004-411: The world in six days and rested on the seventh day (the holy Sabbath). The fifth commandment: "Honor thy father and thy mother," corresponds to the tenth: "Covet not thy neighbor's wife," for one who indulges this lust produces children who will not honor their true father, but will consider a stranger their father. The traditional Rabbinical Jewish belief is that the observance of these commandments and
6083-660: Was later moved to the Royal Mausoleum . The monument of Kaumualiʻi in Waiola Church cemetery includes the inscription, "Kaahumanu was his wife, Year 1822," leading some to mistakenly conclude that she is buried there. A portion of the Hawaii Belt Road , state highway 19, on the Big Island of Hawaiʻi is named in her honor. It connects the towns of Kailua-Kona and Kawaihae . Often referred to by locals as "the Queen K," it
6162-614: Was related to many kings of Maui. Through her father, she was the third cousin of Kamehameha I , both sharing the common ancestor, Princess Kalanikauleleiaiwi of the island of Hawaiʻi . She was named after her father's rival, Kahekilinuiʻahumanu because it was from him that her father was fleeing at the time. Her siblings include Governor John Adams Kuakini of Hawaii island, Queen Kalākua Kaheiheimālie , and Governor George Keʻeaumoku II of Maui. Her father became an advisor and friend to Kamehameha I, eventually becoming royal governor of Maui. He arranged for Kaʻahumanu to marry him when she
6241-463: Was thirteen. Kamehameha had numerous wives but Kaʻahumanu would become a favorite and encouraged his war to unify the islands. Kaʻahumanu was one of Kamehameha I 's favorite wives and his most powerful. Upon Kamehameha's death on May 8, 1819, Kaʻahumanu announced that late king had wished that she share governance over the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi with his 22-year-old son Liholiho , who took the name of Kamehameha II. The council of advisors agreed and created
#222777