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75-518: According to the 2021 census, its population was 1,493. The population was 1,334 (census 2001). List of villages in municipality: 45°18′47″N 13°41′13″E  /  45.313°N 13.687°E  / 45.313; 13.687 This Istria County geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Istria County Istria County ( / ˈ ɪ s t r i ə / ; Croatian : Istarska županija ; Italian : Regione istriana , lit. "Istrian Region")

150-565: A fierce repression began against the opponents, or potential opponents of the regime. At least 1,048 Italian civilians and military disappeared. According to some historians, many of the killings and violence suffered by the Italian ethnic group in Gorizia (and the rest of Friuli and Venezia Giulia) by the Yugoslav army were perpetrated as part of an ethnic cleansing practiced by Tito. Soon the administration

225-648: A joint administration board. The name of the town comes from the Slovene word gorica 'little mountain', which is a common toponym in Slovene-inhabited areas . Originating as a watchtower or a prehistoric castle controlling the fords of the Isonzo River, Gorizia first emerged as a small village not far from the former Via Gemina , the Roman road linking Aquileia and Emona (modern Ljubljana ). The name Gorizia

300-674: A large autochthonous Romance language speaking community consisting of Venetian dialects , Istriot and Istro-Romanian along with Italian , plus various local Slavic dialects , some of which were likewise unique to Istria. Today, apart from the local dialects and official Croatian , one still finds in this region a small community of people, the Istro-Romanians , who speak Istro-Romanian , closely related to Romanian , other districts where Venetian dialects and Istriot are still spoken. Due to its traditional bond with Europe and its level of international integration, in 1994 Istria County

375-498: A religious community, under the official category of " Israelites ". The data below refer to the population within the current borders of the city: As of December 31, 2022, foreigners residents in the municipality were 3,715, i.e. 11.1% of the population. The largest groups are shown below: Although the majority of the population identifies with the Italian culture , Gorizia is a center of Friulian and Slovene culture . Before 1918,

450-474: A short occupation by the Republic of Venice in the years 1508 and 1509. Under Habsburg dominion, the town spread out at the foot of the castle . Many settlers from northern Italy moved there and started their commerce. Gorizia developed into a multi-ethnic town, in which Friulian , Venetian , German, and Slovene were spoken. In mid-16th century, Gorizia emerged as a center of Protestant Reformation , which

525-551: Is a summer breeze blowing from the inland to the sea. The salinity of the sea water is 0.37%. According to the 2021 census the total population of Istria County is 195,794 which amounts to approxmiately 4.8% of Croatia's entire population. The county's population density is approximately 70 inhabitants per km with an average age of 45 years. Istria county is administratively subdivided into 41 local units of government - 10 of these are officially designated as cities/towns and 31 are largely rural municipalities. More than 70 percent of

600-549: Is a town and comune (municipality) in northeastern Italy, in the autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia . It is located at the foot of the Julian Alps , bordering Slovenia . It is the capital of the Regional decentralization entity of Gorizia and is a local center of tourism, industry, and commerce. Since 1947, a twin town of Nova Gorica has developed on the other side of the modern-day Italy–Slovenia border . The region

675-639: Is also the site of a choral competition, the "C. A. Seghizzi" International Choir Competition, which is a member of the European Grand Prix for Choral Singing . The majority of the population of Gorizia is of Roman Catholic denomination. The town is the seat of the Archbishop of Gorizia , who was one of the three legal descendants of the Patriarchate of Aquileia (along with the Patriarchate of Venice and

750-505: Is an extension of the Dinaric Alps . The highest point is Vojak on Učka mountain 1,401 m (4,596.46 ft) above sea level and there is another range of mountains, the Ćićarija . There are so called "bijela", "siva", and "crvena" Istra (white, grey and red Istria). White Istria is around the mountain peaks, Grey Istria is the fertile inner lands while Red Istria is the blood-red painted lands of terra rossa or "crljenica" near

825-443: Is being given to agriculture and the production of ecologic food, the wine and olive growing. Historically cultivated local wine varieties include Malvasia (white) and Teran (red). Istrian olive growers are being included in the first international extra virgin olive oil guide Flos Olei since 2000s, with Istria being both second and then first in the world by number of the included olive growers for 8 years respectively. Istria

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900-706: Is callen the " Istrian Y ". A8 motorway connects the county to the rest of Croatia from Matulji ( A7 / further A6 ) interchange through Učka Tunnel to Kanfanar interchange , and A9 motorway connects Pula via Kanfanar to Umag , connecting the county to Slovenian Istria and further to Italy. The only significant airport with scheduled commercial service is Pula Airport . Large majority of flights are only seasonal. Well-developed are processing industry , with traditional agriculture , sea fishing and growing, construction and production of construction materials ( lime , cement , brick, stone), trade and transport . Most developed branches of industry are shipbuilding (In

975-539: Is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the majority of the Istrian peninsula. Administrative centers in the county are Pazin , Pula and Poreč . Istria County has the largest Italian-speaking population in Croatia . It borders Slovenia . The caves near Pula (in latinium Pietas Julia ), Lim bay , Šandalja , and Roumald's cave , house Stone Age archaeological remains. Less ancient Stone Age sites, from

1050-615: The Allied side and conflict with Austria-Hungary began on May 24, 1915. The hills west of Gorizia soon became the scene of fierce battles between the Italian and Austro-Hungarian armies. The town itself was seriously damaged and most of its inhabitants had been evacuated by early 1916. The Italian Army occupied Gorizia during the Sixth Battle of the Isonzo in August 1916, with the front line moving to

1125-666: The Archdiocese of Udine ). Between mid-18th century and 1920, Gorizia was thus the center of a Metropolitan bishopric that comprised the Dioceses of Ljubljana , Trieste , Poreč-Pula and Krk . Religious figures who lived and worked in Gorizia during this period include Cardinal Jakob Missia , Bishop Frančišek Borgia Sedej , theologians Anton Mahnič and Josip Srebrnič , and the Franciscan friar and philologian Stanislav Škrabec . There are many important Roman Catholic sacral buildings in

1200-564: The Bavarian Meinhardiner noble lineage, with possessions around Lienz in Tyrol , is mentioned as early as 1107; as a vogt of the Patriarchate of Aquileia he was enfeoffed with large estates in the former March of Friuli , including the town of Gorizia, and as early as 1127 called himself Graf von Görz , Count of Gorizia. In the late 13th century, the House of Gorizia emerged as one of

1275-596: The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia , together with the vast majority of the former Province of Gorizia. Around a half of the prewar area of the municipality of Gorizia, with an approximate 20% of the population, was annexed to Yugoslavia. The national border was drawn just off the town center, putting Gorizia into a peripheral zone. Several landmarks of the town, such as the Kostanjevica Monastery /Convento di Castagnevizza, Kromberk Castle /Castello Coronini,

1350-502: The House of Habsburg , the Friulian conservatives and Christian Socialists who demanded a separate and autonomous Eastern Friuli within an Austrian confederation , and the underground Italian irredentist movement working for unification with Italy. At the end of World War I, in late October 1918, the Slovenes unilaterally declared an independent State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs , while

1425-585: The Istrian–Dalmatian exodus . With the collapse of Communist Yugoslavia Istria became part of an independent Croatia and the region saw no fighting in the ensuing war . Today it is one of the most economically developed parts of Croatia. Currently, some people ask for a higher degree of autonomy for the county. This is part of the Istrian regionalist movement . Personalities like Robert Koch and writer James Joyce lived and worked in Istria. Writer Jules Verne

1500-558: The Jesuit order to the town, which played a role in the education and cultural life in Gorizia thereafter. Gorizia was at first part of the County of Gorizia and since 1754, the capital of the Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca . In ecclesiastical matters, after the suppression of the Patriarchate of Aquileia in 1751, the Archdiocese of Gorizia was established as its legal successor on

1575-554: The Mirna is only 32 km (20 mi) long and its mouth is near Novigrad . Other rivers that pass through Istria include the Dragonja River and the Raša River . The continental plains and valleys are primarily utilized for agriculture, such as growing cereals and vegetables. Closer to the sea, red lands are used for cultivation of grapes , vine , olives, and figs . Agriculture and

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1650-602: The Primorje-Gorski Kotar County of Croatia. Mirroring the bay of Venice across the Adriatic and the Quarnaro Gulf , the region is not far from the Julian Alps . The westernmost point is at Savudrija while the southernmost is near Premantura , on the local promontory of Kamenjak. The terrain consists of a limestone plateau much of which lacks water owing to its karst topography . The northeastern section

1725-599: The Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca and granted regional autonomy . At that time, Gorizia was a multi-ethnic town; Italian and Venetian , Slovene , Friulian , and German were all spoken in the town center, while in the suburbs Slovene and Friulian prevailed. Although some tensions between the Italian-Friulian and the Slovene population existed, the town continued to maintain a relatively tolerant climate in which both Slovene and Italian-Friulian cultures flourished. On

1800-469: The Schengen area . Designated border crossings are (Gorizia- Nova Gorica ): The chart shows the historical development of the population of Gorizia from the late 18th century to the eve of World War I, according to official Austrian censuses. The figures show the population of the municipality of Gorizia in the boundaries of the time. The criteria for the definition of the ethnical structure were changing over

1875-570: The Sveta Gora /Monte Santo pilgrimage site, the old Jewish cemetery, and the northern railway station, remained on the other side of the border. In 1948, the authorities of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia (with president Josip Broz Tito 's special support) started building a new town called Nova Gorica ('New Gorizia') on their side of the border. From the late 1940s onward, Gorizia gave refuge to thousands of Istrian Italians that had fled

1950-604: The Basilica of Aquileia were transferred. Many new villas were built conveying to the town the typical late Baroque appearance, which characterized it up to World War I . A synagogue was built within the town walls, too, which was another example of Gorizia's relatively tolerant multi-ethnic nature. During the Napoleonic Wars , Gorizia was incorporated to the French Illyrian Provinces between 1809 and 1813. After

2025-568: The Friulians continued to demand an autonomous region under Habsburg rule. Gorizia became a contested town. In early November 1918, it was occupied by Italian troops again, who immediately dissolved the two competing authorities and introduced their own civil administration. In the first years of Italian administration, Gorizia was included in the Governorate of the Julian March (1918–1919). In 1920,

2100-877: The Istria County while Czechs , Hungarians , Macedonians and Ukrainians of Croatia elected individual representatives with German , Russian and Slovak representatives remained unelected due to the lack of candidates. Numerous municipalities, towns or cities in the county elected their own local minority councils as well. 45°14′21″N 13°56′19″E  /  45.23917°N 13.93861°E  / 45.23917; 13.93861 Gorizia Gorizia ( Italian pronunciation: [ɡoˈrittsja] ; Slovene : Gorica [ɡɔˈɾìːtsa] ), colloquially stara Gorica 'old Gorizia' to distinguish it from Nova Gorica ( Standard Friulian : Gurize , Southeastern Friulian : Guriza ; Bisiacco : Gorisia ; German : Görz [ɡœʁts] ),

2175-478: The coastline. Sites such as the Grotto of Baredine near Poreč, the underground river Pazinčica , and the karst Pazin pit (Pazinska jama) near Pazin are geologic attractions. The Limski Kanal is the only structure resembling a fjord in continental Europe outside of Scandinavia (though actually it is not a fjord, but a ria ). The quarry near Rovinj has been designed for studying geology. The longest river,

2250-467: The county's population lives in these ten urban areas: There are also 31 municipalities: Besides official Croatian, the Chakavian dialect of Croatian is often in use, as in most coastal counties. Italian is also recognized in the county as an official language. In 2021 the population was 195,237 and the main ethnic groups were as follows: Before World War I and until World War II, Istria contained

2325-422: The day and cooler near the evening, although strange heat wave patterns are common. The weather ranges from humid to dry with over 10 hours of sunshine daily. Primarily, there is a lot of moisture in the air especially in the coastal towns of Istra such as Poreč, Vrsar, Rovinj, Pula, and others. Temperatures above 10 °C last for more than 240 days a year. Excessive heat (above 30 °C) lasts for three weeks at

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2400-405: The early 1970s its Uljanik shipyard was building the biggest ships in the world as Berge Adria and others), metal processing, wood industry, furniture industry, automotive components industry, electric machines and appliances industry, glass, plastic, textile, tobacco industry. According to economic indicators, the leading activities are processing industry, tourism, and trade. Great attention

2475-712: The eastern outskirts of the town. With the Battle of Caporetto in October and November 1917, when the Central Powers pushed the Italians back to the Piave River , the town returned to Austro-Hungarian control. After the Battle of Caporetto, Gorizia became the focus of three competing political camps: the unified Slovene nationalist parties that demanded a semi-independent Yugoslav state under

2550-604: The eve of World War I , Gorizia had around 31,000 inhabitants and was the third-largest city in the Austrian Littoral , following Trieste and Pula (Pola). Another 14,000 people lived in the suburbs, making it one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the Alpe-Adria area, ahead of Klagenfurt , Maribor , Salzburg , Bozen or Trento . Within the city limits, about 48% of the population spoke Italian or Friulian as their first language, while 35% were Slovene speakers. In

2625-508: The fact that some plans to build railroad tunnel through Učka mountain date from decades ago, there are no projections about financing and works are not scheduled to start any time soon. The connection to the rest of Croatian rail network is by HŽ national railways' bus service from the Lupoglav junction to the Rijeka Station via Učka road tunnel Croatian Istria County's highway system

2700-574: The geographer Strabo lived in the region. Romans described them as pirates who were hard to conquer due to the difficulty of navigating the territory. After two military campaigns, Roman legions finally subdued them in 177 BC. With the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476, Istria was conquered by the Goths and then by the Byzantines . During Byzantine rule, it was shortly ruled by Avars. Istria

2775-595: The implementation of the Schengen Agreement by Slovenia on December 21, 2007. Gorizia has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfa ). The town is located at the confluence of the Isonzo and Vipava Valleys . It lies on a plain overlooked by the Gorizia Hills . Sheltered from the north and from the east by a mountain ridge, Gorizia is completely protected from the cold bora wind , which affects

2850-460: The last Bourbon monarch Charles X who spent his last years in Gorizia. Unlike in most neighboring areas, the revolutionary spring of nations of 1848 passed almost unnoticed in Gorizia, thus reaffirming its reputation of a calm and loyal provincial town. In 1849, the County of Gorizia was included in the Austrian Littoral , along with Trieste and Istria . In 1861, the territory was reorganized as

2925-477: The local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs. At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Albanians , Bosniaks , Montenegrins (electing 22 members), Roma , Slovenes (electing 24 members), Serbs and Italians of Croatia each fulfilled legal requirements to elect 25 members minority councils of

3000-511: The most diverse vegetation and olive groves. Protected from the north by the mountain chain of Alps as well the inner highland, the climate is borderline Mediterranean and humid subtropical with wetter winters and drier summers, but not completely dry. Overall a very pleasant climate with the highest air temperature averaging 24 °C during August, and the lowest air temperature averaging 5 °C in January. Summers are usually warm during

3075-525: The most important noble houses in the Holy Roman Empire. The borders of the County changed frequently in the following three centuries due to frequent wars with Aquileia and other counties, and also to the subdivision of the territory in two main nuclei: one around the upper Drava river with the center in Lienz, the other around Gorizia itself. Between the 12th century and early 16th century, the town served as

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3150-553: The most. Despite air temperatures being lower than those in Dalmatia , the Adriatic Sea is warmer reaching up to 26 °C in August, coldest in March, (9-11 °C), while the freezing even in small, shallow bays is quite rare. There are two kinds of winds - the bora is bringing cold and clear weather from the north in winters, and the southern jugo bringing rain in summer. The maestral

3225-478: The period between 6000 and 2000 BC can also be found in the area. More than 400 locations are classified as Bronze Age (1800–1000 BC) items. Numerous findings including weapons , tools , and jewelry ) which are from the earlier iron era around the beginning of common era . The Istrian peninsula was known to Romans as the terra magica . Its name is derived from the Histri , an Illyrian tribe who as accounted by

3300-513: The political and administrative center of this essentially independent County of Gorizia , which at the height of its power comprised the territory of the present-day regions of Goriška , southeast Friuli , the Karst Plateau , central Istria , western Carinthia and East Tyrol , and the Windic March with Bela Krajina . From the 11th century, the town had two different layers of development:

3375-522: The production of ecological food, the olive gardens, and the production of quality wines is the focus of Istria's agriculture sector . The coastline and nearby islands are rich in the maquis shrubland (mostly holm oak and strawberry tree ). Woods, mostly oak and pine trees, cover a third of the territory. The Brijuni national park and the Učka nature park are well-known natural reservations and legally protected landscapes. This mountain range feeds

3450-545: The railway between Divača , (in today's Slovenia ) and Pula, (122 km (76 mi) long with 21 km (13 mi) long branch Kanfanar - Rovinj), was opened. Despite numerous initiatives, the western parts of Istria have been connected with the railroad only in 1902, with construction of the Parenzana narrow-gauge railway. The 123.1 km (76 mi) long railway, was dismantled in 1935. To this day, Istria County's rail connections are only towards Slovenia , and despite

3525-508: The region prospered. The major Istrian cities were reborn under Venetian government; it was in this half millennium that they developed architecturally and culturally. The eastern half of Istria was administered by the Habsburgs, and was referred to as "Imperial Istria" with its capital at Pisino (German: Mitterburg). In 1797, with the Treaty of Campo Formio written by Napoleon , the peninsula with

3600-497: The regions annexed to Yugoslavia. Many of those settled in the town and had a role in shaping its postwar national and political identity. Though a border city, Gorizia was only in part crossed by the border with Yugoslavia . Some important old buildings once belonging to Gorizia were included in the Yugoslav territory: these include the old railway station of the Transalpina line that connected Trieste to Villach , as well as to

3675-479: The rest of the neighboring areas. The town thus enjoys an exceptionally mild climate throughout the year, making it a popular resort town. The Italy-Slovenia border runs by the edge of Gorizia and Nova Gorica and there are several border crossings between the cities. The ease of movement between the two parts of town has depended very much on the politics of both countries, ranging from strict controls to total free movement since December 21, 2007, when Slovenia joined

3750-620: The restoration of the Austrian rule, the Gorizia and its county were incorporated in the administrative unit known as the Kingdom of Illyria . During this period, Gorizia emerged as a popular summer residence of the Austrian nobility, and became known as the "Austrian Nice ". Members of the former French ruling Bourbon family , deposed by the July Revolution of 1830, also settled in the town, including

3825-538: The rivers and lakes from eastern Istria to the Raša river in the Labinština peninsula. Other interesting localities are Lim Bay , the wood near Motovun , park woods Zlatni Rt and Šijana near Pula, the protected landscape of Kamenjak in the extreme south of Istria, and the reservation Palud with an ornithology near Rovinj . The Brijuni archipelago is an interesting habitat of about 680 plant species and also decorated by

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3900-524: The seat to a regional Parliament in the Austro-Hungarian Empire was in Parenzo (today: Poreč). After World War I, according to the peace treaty of Rapallo Istria became part of Italy in 1920. Fascism and later Nazi occupation spoiled otherwise tolerant ethnic relations in the area. After World War II Istria was assigned to Yugoslavia and many ethnic Italians ( Istrian Italians ) left in

3975-449: The suburbs of Salcano ( Solkan ), Podgora, Lucinico , and San Pietro di Gorizia ( Šempeter pri Gorici ), as well as the predominantly rural settlements of Vertoiba ( Vrtojba ), Boccavizza ( Bukovica ) and Sant'Andrea (Štandrež). According to the Italian census of 1921, the expanded town had around 47,000 inhabitants, among whom 45.5% were native Slovene, 33% Italian (mostly Venetian ), and 20.5% Friulian speakers. Benito Mussolini visited

4050-486: The suburbs, the Slovene speaking population prevailed, with 77% versus 21% Italian/Friulian speakers. Gorizia was not on the frontline during the first 10 months of World War I , but the first Gorizian victim of the war occurred as early as August 10, 1914, when Countess Lucy Christalnigg was shot by Landsturmer guards while driving her car on a mission for the Austrian Red Cross. Italy entered World War I on

4125-624: The territory of the Habsburg monarchy . Gorizia thus emerged as a Roman Catholic religious center. The archdiocese of Gorizia covers a large territory, extending to the Drava River to the north and the Kolpa to the east, with the dioceses of Trieste , Trento , Como and Pedena subject to the authority of the archbishops of Gorizia. A new town quarter developed around the Cathedral where many treasures from

4200-419: The tourist infrastructure and to accentuate its importance. In combination with the natural environment, history and cultural heritage , investments resulted in developed and competitive service all along the western coast in Poreč, Pula, Rovinj, Umag, Novigrad, and Vrsar. One growing trend among the centrally located cities, especially Kanfanar , is agritourism . Beginning with La Casa di Matiki in 1994 after

4275-417: The town and the whole region became officially part of Italy. The autonomous County of Gorizia and Gradisca was dissolved in 1922, and in 1924 it was annexed to the Province of Udine (then called the Province of Friuli ). In 1927 Gorizia became a provincial capital within the Julian March administrative region. During the fascist regime , all Slovene organizations were dissolved, and the public use of Slovene

4350-434: The town landmarks. Although the situation in Gorizia was often compared with that of Berlin during the Cold War , Italy and Yugoslavia had good relations regarding Gorizia. These included cultural and sporting events that favoured the spirit of harmonious coexistence that remained in place after Yugoslavia broke up in 1991. With the breakup of Yugoslavia, the frontier remained as the division between Italy and Slovenia until

4425-436: The town twice: in 1938 and in 1942. After the Italian armistice in September 1943, the town was shortly occupied by the Slovene partisan resistance , but soon fell under Nazi German administration. Between 1943 and 1945 it was incorporated into the Operational Zone Adriatic Littoral . The town was briefly occupied by the Yugoslav Army in May and June 1945. With the arrival of the Yugoslav partisans in Gorizia in May 1945,

4500-403: The town, and those few who did, like the writer France Bevk , were subject to persecution. The town, heavily damaged during World War I, was rebuilt in the 1920s according to the plans laid out by the local architect Max Fabiani . Several rationalist buildings were built during this period, including some fine examples of Fascist architecture . The borders of the town were expanded, absorbing

4575-419: The trilingual Gorizia Grammar School was one of the most important educational institutions in the Slovene Lands and for the Italians in the Austrian Littoral . Nowadays, Gorizia hosts several important scientific and educational institutions. The University of Trieste , the University of Udine and the University of Nova Gorica all have part of their campuses and faculties located in Gorizia. Gorizia

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4650-475: The upper castle district and the village beneath it. The first played a political-administrative role and the second a rural-commercial role. The name of the central square, known to this day in both languages as Travnik or Traunig ("meadow", in Slovene), testifies to this period. In the late 15th century, the city rights were expanded to the lower town. In 1500, the dynasty of the Counts of Gorizia died out and their County passed to Austrian Habsburg rule, after

4725-443: The war, a number of eccentric agritouristic Bed and Breakfasts have sprung up in central Istria, providing opportunities for individuals, couples, and families to experience a very authentic Istrian experience while learning about the Istrian agricultural lifestyle. In the eastern part, as part of another county, there are resorts like Rabac , Opatija . Istria was and still is the most important tourist destination in Croatia, hosting

4800-458: The western and central European visitors, mostly from Germany, Slovenia, Austria and Italy. Area is the most visited tourist region with 27% of all visitors and 35% of time spent in all of Croatia. The current Prefect of Istria County is Boris Miletić ( Ind. ). The county assembly is composed of 41 representatives from the following political parties: Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for

4875-653: The whole Republic of Venice passed to the Habsburgs of Austria. The Treaty of Pressburg in 1805 handed Istria to the Kingdom of Italy. The Treaty of Schönbrunn in 1809 transferred Istria to France. In 1815, the Congress of Vienna confirmed Austria's possession on the Northern Adriatic Sea along with Istria . Regional guvernative units were formed in Gorizia (Gorizia county), Trieste (Istrian area), and Rijeka ( Pazin county and Kvarner Gulf ). From 1849 they were united in Austrian Littoral . The free port of Trieste presented an individual guvernative unit outside of other guvernative areas. Starting in 1861 until 1918/1920

4950-408: The years: in 1789, only the religious affiliation of the population was taken into account; in 1869 the ethnic affiliation was also recorded, with Jews counted as a separate category; in 1880 the category of ethnicity was replaced by the mother tongue , and from 1890 to 1910 only the "language of everyday communication" (German: Umgangsprache ) was recorded. After 1869, the Jews were only recorded as

5025-439: Was annexed by the Lombards in 751, by the Avars in 774, by the Franks during the reign of Charlemagne in 789, and successively controlled by various dukes, ( Carinthia , Merano , Bavaria ). Later it was run by the patriarchs of Aquileia . In 1267 the Republic of Venice annexed the western and southern coast of the Istrian peninsula because of the strong presence of the autochthonous Italian community; during this period

5100-455: Was declared world's best olive oil region by this guide for 8 years in a row (2017-2024). Organized tourism in Istria goes back to the Romans, when emperor Vespasian , for the entertainment of that time, built the Pula Arena . During the reign of Austro-Hungarian Empire in (1866), Austrian and Hungarian royalty and aristocracy started visiting local resorts and discovered Poreč. Significant efforts were made after World War II to develop

5175-405: Was inspired to write his novel Mathias Sandorf after hearing of the quarry and cave in Pazin and the poet Dante Alighieri visited and wrote a few lines about Istria. Racing drivers Mario Andretti and Aldo Andretti were born in Montona in Istria. Its coastline is 445 km (277 mi) long with islands making up 539.9 km (335 mi). A smaller part of Istria also belongs to

5250-438: Was prohibited. Underground Slovene organizations, with an anti-Fascist and often irredentist agenda, such as the militant insurrectionist organization TIGR , were established as a result. Many Slovenes fled to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and to South America, especially to Argentina . Many of these emigrants became prominent in their new environments. Very few Slovene-speaking intellectuals and public figures decided to stay in

5325-410: Was recorded for the first time in a document dated April 28, 1001, in which Holy Roman Emperor Otto III donated the castle and the village of Goriza to the Patriarch of Aquileia John II and to Count Verihen Eppenstein of Friuli . The document referred to Gorizia as "the village known as Goriza in the language of the Slavs " ( "Villa quae Sclavorum lingua vocatur Goriza "). Count Meinhard of

5400-483: Was spreading from the neighboring northeastern regions of Carniola and Carinthia . The prominent Slovene Protestant preacher Primož Trubar also visited and preached in the town. By the end of the century, however, the Catholic Counter-Reformation had gained force in Gorizia, led by the local dean Johann Tautscher , who later became bishop of Ljubljana . Tautscher was also instrumental in bringing

5475-492: Was subject to territorial dispute between Italy and Yugoslavia after World War II : after the new boundaries were established in 1947 and the old town was left to Italy, Nova Gorica was built on the Yugoslav side. The two towns constitute a conurbation , which also includes the Slovenian municipality of Šempeter-Vrtojba . Since May 2011, these three towns have been joined in a common trans-border metropolitan zone, administered by

5550-704: Was the first Croatian region to become a member of the Assembly of European Regions . Istria is well connected with the rest of Croatia and Europe. Due to its connection with a wider European area, road development suitably covers all needs and contributes to a balanced development of the coastal area and the Istrian interior. Initially, the need for railroads in Istria was based upon fast development of industrial activities; shipbuilding , construction material, machine and electric industries, as well as Austrian military interests. After Vienna and Trieste were connected in 1876,

5625-459: Was transferred to the Allies , who ruled the town for more than two years, amidst fierce ethnic and political turmoil. On September 15, 1947, the town was assigned to Italy. Several peripheral districts of the municipality of Gorizia ( Solkan , Pristava , Rožna Dolina , Kromberk , Šempeter pri Gorici , Vrtojba , Stara Gora , Ajševica , Volčja Draga , Bukovica , and Vogrsko ) were handed over to

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