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93-634: The Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit project is a planned three-line mass rapid transit (MRT) system in the Klang Valley ( Greater Kuala Lumpur ), an urban conurbation in Malaysia which includes the capital city of Kuala Lumpur . The MRT lines, when completed, would be operated as components of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System . Once completed, the MRT would serve to strengthen

186-736: A tunnel can be regionally called a subway , tube , metro or underground . They are sometimes grade-separated on elevated railways , in which case some are referred to as el trains – short for "elevated" – or skytrains . Rapid transit systems are railways , usually electric , that unlike buses or trams operate on an exclusive right-of-way , which cannot be accessed by pedestrians or other vehicles. Modern services on rapid transit systems are provided on designated lines between stations typically using electric multiple units on railway tracks . Some systems use guided rubber tires , magnetic levitation ( maglev ), or monorail . The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside

279-425: A body of water), which are potential congestion sites but also offer an opportunity for transfers between lines. Ring lines provide good coverage, connect between the radial lines and serve tangential trips that would otherwise need to cross the typically congested core of the network. A rough grid pattern can offer a wide variety of routes while still maintaining reasonable speed and frequency of service. A study of

372-450: A code for its stations. Unlike that of Singapore's MRT, it is mostly numbers. Based on the line number, for example Sinyongsan station, is coded as station 429. Being on Line 4, the first number of the station code is 4. The last two numbers are the station number on that line. Interchange stations can have multiple codes. Like City Hall station in Seoul which is served by Line 1 and Line 2. It has

465-646: A code of 132 and 201 respectively. The Line 2 is a circle line and the first stop is City Hall, therefore, City Hall has the station code of 201. For lines without a number like Bundang line it will have an alphanumeric code. Lines without a number that are operated by KORAIL will start with the letter 'K'. With widespread use of the Internet and cell phones globally, transit operators now use these technologies to present information to their users. In addition to online maps and timetables, some transit operators now offer real-time information which allows passengers to know when

558-565: A conventional track is often provided in case of flat tires and for switching . There are also some rubber-tired systems that use a central guide rail , such as the Sapporo Municipal Subway and the NeoVal system in Rennes , France. Advocates of this system note that it is much quieter than conventional steel-wheeled trains, and allows for greater inclines given the increased traction of

651-405: A dedicated right-of-way are typically used only outside dense areas, since they create a physical barrier in the urban fabric that hinders the flow of people and vehicles across their path and have a larger physical footprint. This method of construction is the cheapest as long as land values are low. It is often used for new systems in areas that are planned to fill up with buildings after the line

744-528: A house such as the entrance space at a traditional rumah kampung or rumah panjang . The design opted is a simple and timeless design, which is derived from various design concepts, including that of the Japanese zen concept. Other aspects include open space, natural lighting and ventilation, and natural visual effects via play of lighting and shadows. Compared to the Kajang Line's elevated station design,

837-418: A large number of factors, including geographical barriers, existing or expected travel patterns, construction costs, politics, and historical constraints. A transit system is expected to serve an area of land with a set of lines , which consist of shapes summarized as "I", "L", "U", "S", and "O" shapes or loops. Geographical barriers may cause chokepoints where transit lines must converge (for example, to cross

930-629: A large part of the network, for example, in outer suburbs, runs at ground level. In most of Britain , a subway is a pedestrian underpass . The terms Underground and Tube are used for the London Underground . The North East England Tyne and Wear Metro , mostly overground, is known as the Metro . In Scotland , the Glasgow Subway underground rapid transit system is known as the Subway . In Ireland ,

1023-452: A line is obtained by multiplying the car capacity, the train length, and the service frequency . Heavy rapid transit trains might have six to twelve cars, while lighter systems may use four or fewer. Cars have a capacity of 100 to 150 passengers, varying with the seated to standing ratio  – more standing gives higher capacity. The minimum time interval between trains is shorter for rapid transit than for mainline railways owing to

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1116-528: A lists of federal government projects, including the MRT2 project. In October 2018, then Finance Minister , Lim Guan Eng announced the decision to change the project structure as well as terminate the contract from MMC-Gamuda and re-tender the unfinished underground portion of the project by an open tender process, due to the fact the Federal Government and MMC-Gamuda have failed to reach an agreement relating to

1209-602: A metro. In Spain, such systems are present in Madrid , Barcelona , Bilbao and Valencia . In Portugal, Lisbon has a metro. The Italian cities of Catania , Genoa , Milan , Naples , Rome and Turin also have metro lines. In Germany and Austria they rapid transit is known as U-Bahn , which are often supported by S-Bahn systems. In Germany, U-Bahn systems exist in Berlin , Hamburg , Munich and Nuremberg , while in Austria such

1302-727: A rapid transit setting. MRT Putrajaya Line Interchange stations The MRT Putrajaya Line , is the second Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) line in Klang Valley , Malaysia , and the third fully automated and driverless rail system in the country. It was previously known as the MRT Sungai Buloh–Serdang–Putrajaya Line . The line stretches from Kwasa Damansara to Putrajaya and runs through densely populated areas such as Sri Damansara , Kepong , Batu , Jalan Ipoh , Sentul , Kampung Baru , Jalan Tun Razak , KLCC , Tun Razak Exchange , Kuchai Lama , Seri Kembangan and Cyberjaya . Phase 1 operations of

1395-693: A second station in the KLCC subdistrict, itself also served by the LRT Kelana Jaya Line . The line continues to Tun Razak Exchange , interchanging with the Kajang line. The Putrajaya Line reunites with the Ampang/Sri Petaling line at Chan Sow Lin . After thru provisional Bandar Malaysia North and South stations, the MRT Putrajaya line resurfaces at Taman Desa portal, just before Kuchai station. Once again,

1488-558: A specialized transit police may be established. These security measures are normally integrated with measures to protect revenue by checking that passengers are not travelling without paying. Some subway systems, such as the Beijing Subway , which is ranked by Worldwide Rapid Transit Data as the "World's Safest Rapid Transit Network" in 2015, incorporates airport-style security checkpoints at every station. Rapid transit systems have been subject to terrorism with many casualties, such as

1581-592: A system exists in Vienna . In addition, the small, car-free town of Serfaus in the Austrian state of Tyrol also features a short U-Bahn line. There are no U-Bahn systems in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, but the city of Lausanne has its own, small metro system. In Zurich, Switzerland's largest city, a project for a U-Bahn network was stopped by a referendum in the 1970s and instead its S-Bahn system

1674-607: A total catchment population of 1.2 million people. Thie line commenced construction in July 2011 and was completed in 2017. Followed by the second line, 12 MRT Putrajaya Line . It consists of 35 stations over 52.2 km stretching from Sungai Buloh to Putrajaya , passing through the city centre and serves the suburban areas of Kepong , Bandar Sri Damansara Sentul , Titiwangsa , Kuchai Lama , Sungai Besi , Seri Kembangan and Cyberjaya . The line began construction in September 2016 and

1767-770: Is a shortened reference to a metropolitan area . Rapid transit systems such as the Washington Metrorail , Los Angeles Metro Rail , the Miami Metrorail , and the Montreal Metro are generally called the Metro . In Philadelphia , the term "El" is used for the Market–Frankford Line which runs mostly on an elevated track, while the term "subway" applies to the Broad Street Line which is almost entirely underground. Chicago 's commuter rail system that serves

1860-608: Is a single corporate image for the entire transit authority, but the rapid transit uses its own logo that fits into the profile. A transit map is a topological map or schematic diagram used to show the routes and stations in a public transport system. The main components are color-coded lines to indicate each line or service, with named icons to indicate stations. Maps may show only rapid transit or also include other modes of public transport. Transit maps can be found in transit vehicles, on platforms , elsewhere in stations, and in printed timetables . Maps help users understand

1953-677: Is at 97% and was planned to begin operations in August 2021. However, this was postponed multiple times due to the COVID-19 movement control order in Malaysia and that the line requires furthering testing. The MRT Putrajaya Line Phase 1 operations of the MRT Putrajaya Line was official launched by then Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob on 16 June 2022 at 3pm, along with 1 month of free rides for all public transportation services under RapidKL including

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2046-711: Is believed to have replaced the Kota Damansara - Cheras Line which was originally proposed by Prasarana in 2006. In December 2010, the government approved the implementation of the MRT project and announced preliminary plans for the first line, the 9 MRT Kajang Line , stretching 51 km from Sungai Buloh to Kajang through 31 stations. The line will pass through the city centre and will serve densely populated suburban areas including Kota Damansara , Mutiara Damansara , Bandar Utama , Taman Tun Dr Ismail , Bukit Damansara , Cheras , Bandar Tun Hussein Onn and Balakong , with

2139-506: Is built. Most rapid transit trains are electric multiple units with lengths from three to over ten cars. Crew sizes have decreased throughout history, with some modern systems now running completely unstaffed trains. Other trains continue to have drivers, even if their only role in normal operation is to open and close the doors of the trains at stations. Power is commonly delivered by a third rail or by overhead wires . The whole London Underground network uses fourth rail and others use

2232-416: Is necessary, rolling stock with a smaller loading gauge from one sub network may be transported along other lines that use larger trains. On some networks such operations are part of normal services. Most rapid transit systems use conventional standard gauge railway track . Since tracks in subway tunnels are not exposed to rain , snow , or other forms of precipitation , they are often fixed directly to

2325-548: Is referred to simply as "the subway", despite 40% of the system running above ground. The term "L" or "El" is not used for elevated lines in general as the lines in the system are already designated with letters and numbers. The "L" train or L (New York City Subway service) refers specifically to the 14th Street–Canarsie Local line, and not other elevated trains. Similarly, the Toronto Subway is referred to as "the subway", with some of its system also running above ground. These are

2418-412: Is serviced by at least one specific route with trains stopping at all or some of the line's stations. Most systems operate several routes, and distinguish them by colors, names, numbering, or a combination thereof. Some lines may share track with each other for a portion of their route or operate solely on their own right-of-way. Often a line running through the city center forks into two or more branches in

2511-733: Is the most commonly used term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers. Rapid transit systems may be named after the medium by which passengers travel in busy central business districts ; the use of tunnels inspires names such as subway , underground , Untergrundbahn ( U-Bahn ) in German, or the Tunnelbana (T-bana) in Swedish. The use of viaducts inspires names such as elevated ( L or el ), skytrain , overhead , overground or Hochbahn in German. One of these terms may apply to an entire system, even if

2604-399: Is welcome by most, some analysts and commentators have expressed concerns on the commercial viability of the project and skepticism on the government part to pull off a project of such scale, given the numerous past delays in other rail-related projects in Malaysia. However, most agree that the project will generate immense economic contribution and investment returns in the future. Initially,

2697-598: The Klang Valley Integrated Transit System . The line, totalling 57.7 km (35 miles 68 chains) in length, includes 5.5 km (3.4 mi) annexed from the MRT Kajang Line , making it the longest metro line in Malaysia, and one of the longest driverless rapid transit lines in the world. The line includes a 13.5 km (8.4 mi) underground section. A total of 37 stations, 11 of them underground, were built. The MRT starts in Kwasa Damansara where it annexed

2790-605: The Dublin Area Rapid Transit is despite the name considered a commuter rail due to usage of mainline railways. In France, large cities, such as Paris , Marseille and Lyon , feature a Métro . Also the smaller cities of Lille Rennes have a light metro. Furthermore, Brussels in Belgium, and Amsterdam and Rotterdam in the Netherlands have metro systems in place. Several Southern European contries also have

2883-724: The Hudson and Manhattan Railroad K-series cars from 1958, the New York City Subway R38 and R42 cars from the late-1960s, and the Nagoya Municipal Subway 3000 series , Osaka Municipal Subway 10 series and MTR M-Train EMUs from the 1970s, were generally only made possible largely due to the relatively generous loading gauges of these systems and also adequate open-air sections to dissipate hot air from these air conditioning units. Especially in some rapid transit systems such as

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2976-527: The KLIA Transit . The station may be integrated with the proposed Putrajaya Monorail in the future. Putrajaya Sentral will also be the southernmost station under the Rapid KL rail network . The MRT2 project was initially planned to be between Kuala Lumpur and Port Klang, similar to Shah Alam Line 's alignment. However, by October 2014, it was revised to be from Sungai Buloh, Selayang to Pandan. The project

3069-429: The London Underground . In 1868, New York opened the elevated West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway , initially a cable-hauled line using stationary steam engines . As of 2021 , China has the largest number of rapid transit systems in the world  – 40 in number, running on over 4,500 km (2,800 mi) of track – and was responsible for most of the world's rapid-transit expansion in

3162-546: The MRT Circle Line , looping around Kuala Lumpur , the MRT Kajang Line and MRT Putrajaya Line covering a 20 km radius in the southeast–northwest direction from the city centre – will integrate the current rapid transit system in Kuala Lumpur and serve high-density areas which are currently not serviced by any rapid transit system. About 90 new stations are planned in this "Wheel and Spoke" concept, out of which 26 in

3255-722: The Metropolitan Railway opened publicly in London in 1863. High capacity monorails with larger and longer trains can be classified as rapid transit systems. Such monorail systems recently started operating in Chongqing and São Paulo . Light metro is a subclass of rapid transit that has the speed and grade separation of a "full metro" but is designed for smaller passenger numbers. It often has smaller loading gauges, lighter train cars and smaller consists of typically two to four cars. Light metros are typically used as feeder lines into

3348-578: The Montreal Metro (opened 1966) and Sapporo Municipal Subway (opened 1971), their entirely enclosed nature due to their use of rubber-tyred technology to cope with heavy snowfall experienced by both cities in winter precludes any air-conditioning retrofits of rolling stock due to the risk of heating the tunnels to temperatures that would be too hot for passengers and for train operations. In many cities, metro networks consist of lines operating different sizes and types of vehicles. Although these sub-networks may not often be connected by track, in cases when it

3441-577: The Prague Metro . The London Underground and Paris Métro are densely built systems with a matrix of crisscrossing lines throughout the cities. The Chicago 'L' has most of its lines converging on The Loop , the main business, financial, and cultural area. Some systems have a circular line around the city center connecting to radially arranged outward lines, such as the Moscow Metro 's Koltsevaya Line and Beijing Subway 's Line 10 . The capacity of

3534-467: The Serdang Depot on 16 March 2023 at 3pm. Free rides for the MRT Putrajaya Line were also announced effective from 16 March 2023 until 31 March 2023. The total cost of the project was ultimately put at RM56.93 billion. The proposed design for the elevated stations is based on the “Serambi” concept. This concept is focused on the inspiring interaction and communication at a foyer or entrance space of

3627-656: The Singapore MRT , Changi Airport MRT station has the alphanumeric code CG2, indicating its position as the 2nd station on the Changi Airport branch of the East West Line. Interchange stations have at least two codes, for example, Raffles Place MRT station has two codes, NS26 and EW14, the 26th station on the North South Line and the 14th station on the East West Line. The Seoul Metro is another example that utilizes

3720-450: The deep tube lines . Historically, rapid transit trains used ceiling fans and openable windows to provide fresh air and piston-effect wind cooling to riders. From the 1950s to the 1990s (and in most of Europe until the 2000s), many rapid transit trains from that era were also fitted with forced-air ventilation systems in carriage ceiling units for passenger comfort. Early rapid transit rolling stock fitted with air conditioning , such as

3813-409: The linear motor for propulsion. Some urban rail lines are built to a loading gauge as large as that of main-line railways ; others are built to a smaller one and have tunnels that restrict the size and sometimes the shape of the train compartments. One example is most of the London Underground , which has acquired the informal term "tube train" due to the cylindrical shape of the trains used on

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3906-432: The 15 world largest subway systems suggested a universal shape composed of a dense core with branches radiating from it. Rapid transit operators have often built up strong brands , often focused on easy recognition – to allow quick identification even in the vast array of signage found in large cities – combined with the desire to communicate speed, safety, and authority. In many cities, there

3999-480: The 1995 Tokyo subway sarin gas attack and the 2005 " 7/7 " terrorist bombings on the London Underground. Some rapid transport trains have extra features such as wall sockets, cellular reception, typically using a leaky feeder in tunnels and DAS antennas in stations, as well as Wi-Fi connectivity. The first metro system in the world to enable full mobile phone reception in underground stations and tunnels

4092-598: The 2010s. The world's longest single-operator rapid transit system by route length is the Shanghai Metro . The world's largest single rapid transit service provider by number of stations (472 stations in total) is the New York City Subway . The busiest rapid transit systems in the world by annual ridership are the Shanghai Metro, Tokyo subway system , Seoul Metro and the Moscow Metro . The term Metro

4185-528: The 21st century, most new expansions and systems are located in Asia, with China becoming the world's leader in metro expansion, operating some of the largest and busiest systems while possessing almost 60 cities that are operating, constructing or planning a rapid transit system . Rapid transit is used for local transport in cities , agglomerations , and metropolitan areas to transport large numbers of people often short distances at high frequency . The extent of

4278-605: The Circle Line will form the "wheel" feature of the "Wheel and Spoke" model used in the construction of the entire MRT project. The line is expected to begin its first phase of operations in December 2028. Mass Rapid Transit System Rapid transit or mass rapid transit ( MRT ) or heavy rail , commonly referred to as metro , is a type of high-capacity public transport that is generally built in urban areas . A grade separated rapid transit line below ground surface through

4371-662: The Klang Valley "National Key Economic Area" under the Economic Transformation Programme by the Malaysian government . The Mass Rapid Transit Corporation (MRT Corp), founded in September 2011, has been appointed by the government as the official and asset owner of the project and the rail lines. Prior to the founding of the corporation, the project was managed by Prasarana Malaysia Berhad . In June 2010, then Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak announced during

4464-446: The Klang Valley metropolitan area to be on par with that of a developed city. The new lines will increase Klang Valley's rapid rail network from 15 km per million people in 2010 to 40 km per million people once completed. The proposal also envisages a fivefold increase in rail ridership, in line with the government's target for public transport usage in the Klang Valley of 40% by 2020 from 18% in 2009. The project's three lines –

4557-669: The MMC-Gamuda joint venture will not be allowed to bid for the other eight parcels of the project. Job tenders were expected to open in April 2011 and construction was targeted to commence in July 2011. On 17 August 2011, the government announced that the Mass Rapid Transit Corporation (MRT Corp), a new company under the Finance Ministry had been formed to take control of the project from Prasarana Malaysia . MRT Corp would be

4650-471: The MRT. By 23 December 2022, the construction works of MRT Putrajaya Line Phase 2 were completed and the operational readiness phase was in progress. Because the tests could take longer than usual to pass, the opening date of Phase 2 was expected in March 2023, delayed two months from the original January 2023 deadline. Phase 2 of the MRT Putrajaya Line was officially launched by Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim at

4743-406: The asset owner of the project and officially take over the project from Prasarana Malaysia on 1 September 2011. Prasarana Malaysia, through its subsidiary Rapid Rail , will be the operators of the new MRT lines, allowing integration with the existing Rapid KL rail network. In May 2012, MRT Corp awarded four tenders worth RM 3.22 billion for the MRT Kajang Line , the first line in the project. At

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4836-474: The beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant. Experiments with pneumatic railways failed in their extended adoption by cities. In 1890, the City & South London Railway was the first electric-traction rapid transit railway, which was also fully underground. Prior to opening, the line was to be called the "City and South London Subway", thus introducing

4929-404: The city centre will be underground. Ridership capacity will be 2 million passengers per day. The preliminary project cost, which will be government-funded, was estimated by MMC-Gamuda to be at RM36 billion, representing the largest infrastructure project ever undertaken in Malaysia. Analysts estimate the cost could be significantly higher due to extensive tunneling works required. While the project

5022-502: The columns have been pushed to the sides of the station, giving the stations an open and airy feel. Each of the underground stations will carry its own individual theme, similar to that of the Kajang Line stations. The proposed designs range from preserving the rustic, reflecting tidal rhythm, promoting well-being, vibrancy, pulse of life, discovering culture, molding forms, inspired by nature to streamlined flow. 28 (23 elevated + 1 half-sunken + 4 underground) out of 35 stations (excluding

5115-475: The current rail transit network in the Klang Valley, integrating the various existing rail lines while alleviating the severe traffic congestion in the Klang Valley metropolitan area. The proposal was announced in June 2010 and was approved by the government of Malaysia in December 2010. Construction of the first line commenced in July 2011. The project also represents one of the economic entry point projects identified for

5208-414: The display of the transit network. Often this has the effect of compressing the distance between stations in the outer area of the system, and expanding distances between those close to the center. Some systems assign unique alphanumeric codes to each of their stations to help commuters identify them, which briefly encodes information about the line it is on, and its position on the line. For example, on

5301-566: The end of 2012, the corporation announced that the project for its first MRT line will not exceed RM 23 billion, adding that the line is stipulated for completion by July 2017. In December 2014, during a briefing for the MRT Kajang Line, the CEO of MRT Corp revealed more details about the second MRT line. Construction was expected to begin by November 2015, after approvals and public displays in early 2015. In February 2015, MRT Corp prepares tenders for

5394-517: The entire MRT development in terms of cost, viability, alignment and integration, and will play the role of regulators once the project is completed. The national public transport infrastructure company, Prasarana Malaysia would ultimately own and operate the MRT. In December 2010, the government approved the implementation of the MRT project, and appointed MMC-Gamuda joint venture as the Project Delivery Partner. Apart from tunneling works,

5487-584: The entire metropolitan area is called Metra (short for Met ropolitan Ra il), while its rapid transit system that serves the city is called the "L" . Boston's subway system is known locally as "The T". In Atlanta , the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority goes by the acronym "MARTA." In the San Francisco Bay Area , residents refer to Bay Area Rapid Transit by its acronym "BART". The New York City Subway

5580-505: The floor rather than resting on ballast , such as normal railway tracks. An alternate technology, using rubber tires on narrow concrete or steel roll ways , was pioneered on certain lines of the Paris Métro and Mexico City Metro , and the first completely new system to use it was in Montreal , Canada. On most of these networks, additional horizontal wheels are required for guidance, and

5673-543: The hands and legs. On 3 March 2018, A construction worker died while two others survived when a launching gantry at an MRT construction site in Jalan Jinjang (Work Package V203), collapsed at around 11:40pm. After the fall of BN led Federal government in May 2018, the new PH led Federal government, citing the mounting national debt and concerns with the direct negotiation tender process, proposed various cost cutting measures to

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5766-439: The interconnections between different parts of the system; for example, they show the interchange stations where passengers can transfer between lines. Unlike conventional maps, transit maps are usually not geographically accurate, but emphasize the topological connections among the different stations. The graphic presentation may use straight lines and fixed angles, and often a fixed minimum distance between stations, to simplify

5859-457: The line between Kwasa Damansara and Kampung Batu commenced on 16 June 2022. While the Phase 2 which covers the remaining of the line including the underground stretch was opened on 16 March 2023. The line is numbered 12 and coloured yellow on official transit maps. The line was developed and owned by MRT Corp but operated as part of the Rapid KL network by Rapid Rail . It also forms part of

5952-621: The line meets with the LRT Sri Petaling line at Sungai Besi , then continuing to serve Serdang . Following this, the line briefly parallels KTM and KLIA Transit (airport express) until Serdang Raya Selatan, and veers off to Universiti Putra Malaysia and the Seri Kembangan subdistrict. The MRT line then enters Sepang constituency, having 3 stops including two in Cyberjaya , before ending at Putrajaya Sentral , where it interchanges with

6045-462: The line starts going underground while Jalan Ipoh itself being the only station on the network to be half-sunken/sub-surface. The line carries under the Ipoh Road to Titiwangsa which will interchange with the LRT Ampang/Sri Petaling , KL Monorail and future MRT Circle lines. The line then runs under the Hospital Kuala Lumpur and meets the connecting station to LRT Kelana Jaya line (also underground) at Ampang Park . Persiaran KLCC serves as

6138-437: The lines of the Lyon Metro includes a section of rack (cog) railway , while the Carmelit , in Haifa, is an underground funicular . For elevated lines, another alternative is the monorail , which can be built either as straddle-beam monorails or as a suspended monorail . While monorails have never gained wide acceptance outside Japan, there are some such as Chongqing Rail Transit 's monorail lines which are widely used in

6231-439: The main rapid transit system. For instance, the Wenhu Line of the Taipei Metro serves many relatively sparse neighbourhoods and feeds into and complements the high capacity metro lines. Some systems have been built from scratch, others are reclaimed from former commuter rail or suburban tramway systems that have been upgraded, and often supplemented with an underground or elevated downtown section. Ground-level alignments with

6324-418: The network map "readable" by illiterate people, this system has since become an "icon" of the system. Compared to other modes of transport, rapid transit has a good safety record, with few accidents. Rail transport is subject to strict safety regulations , with requirements for procedure and maintenance to minimize risk. Head-on collisions are rare due to use of double track, and low operating speeds reduce

6417-402: The next vehicle will arrive, and expected travel times. The standardized GTFS data format for transit information allows many third-party software developers to produce web and smartphone app programs which give passengers customized updates regarding specific transit lines and stations of interest. Mexico City Metro uses a unique pictogram for each station. Originally intended to help make

6510-852: The occurrence and severity of rear-end collisions and derailments . Fire is more of a danger underground, such as the King's Cross fire in London in November 1987, which killed 31 people. Systems are generally built to allow evacuation of trains at many places throughout the system. High platforms , usually over 1 meter / 3 feet, are a safety risk, as people falling onto the tracks have trouble climbing back. Platform screen doors are used on some systems to eliminate this danger. Rapid transit facilities are public spaces and may suffer from security problems: petty crimes , such as pickpocketing and baggage theft, and more serious violent crimes , as well as sexual assaults on tightly packed trains and platforms. Security measures include video surveillance , security guards , and conductors . In some countries

6603-437: The only two North American systems that are primarily called "subways". In most of Southeast Asia and in Taiwan , rapid transit systems are primarily known by the acronym MRT . The meaning varies from one country to another. In Indonesia , the acronym stands for Moda Raya Terpadu or Integrated Mass [Transit] Mode in English. In the Philippines , it stands for Metro Rail Transit . Two underground lines use

6696-582: The outset. Budapest , Chicago , Glasgow , Boston and New York City all converted or purpose-designed and built electric rail services. Advancements in technology have allowed new automated services. Hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as tram-train and premetro , which incorporate some of the features of rapid transit systems. In response to cost, engineering considerations and topological challenges some cities have opted to construct tram systems, particularly those in Australia, where density in cities

6789-446: The previous proposed lines by MMC-Gamuda; Red Line will go from Damansara in the northwest to Serdang in the southeast, while Green Line will be from Kepong in the northeast to Cheras in the southwest. Both lines will pass through downtown area of Kuala Lumpur and converge at Dataran Perdana ( Tun Razak Exchange ) near Jalan Tun Razak . These routes ultimately went through numerous realignments. The final route for MRT Kajang Line

6882-908: The rapid transit system varies greatly between cities, with several transport strategies. Some systems may extend only to the limits of the inner city, or to its inner ring of suburbs with trains making frequent station stops. The outer suburbs may then be reached by a separate commuter rail network where more widely spaced stations allow higher speeds. In some cases the differences between urban rapid transit and suburban systems are not clear. Rapid transit systems may be supplemented by other systems such as trolleybuses , regular buses , trams , or commuter rail. This combination of transit modes serves to offset certain limitations of rapid transit such as limited stops and long walking distances between outside access points. Bus or tram feeder systems transport people to rapid transit stops. Each rapid transit system consists of one or more lines , or circuits. Each line

6975-611: The remaining portion of the line from Sematan to Kajang was completed and opened on 17 July 2017, allowing the entire line to enter full revenue service. The MRT project represents one of the economic entry point projects identified for the Greater Kuala Lumpur/Klang Valley National Key Economic Area under the Economic Transformation Programme . The new MRT system is envisaged to radically improve and transform Kuala Lumpur's poor and sorely inadequate public transportation coverage and to propel

7068-525: The rubber tires. However, they have higher maintenance costs and are less energy efficient. They also lose traction when weather conditions are wet or icy, preventing above-ground use of the Montréal Metro and limiting it on the Sapporo Municipal Subway, but not rubber-tired systems in other cities. Some cities with steep hills incorporate mountain railway technologies in their metros. One of

7161-491: The second MRT line. After numerous delays and re-alignments of the stations, the construction of second MRT line, the MRT Putrajaya Line began in September 2016, with Phase 1 operations of the line aimed to be started by July 2021. On 16 December 2016, the construction of Phase 1 of the MRT Kajang Line which spans 23 km from Sungai Buloh to Semantan was completed and the line was opened to public. Phase 2 of line,

7254-577: The section from here to Sungai Buloh from the MRT Kajang Line . From Sungai Buloh, the line runs parallel with the KTM Komuter line to Kepong Sentral/Sri Damansara Timur . However, there are a few stations the MRT line between the two which is not served by the KTM. The MRT then continues towards the towns of Kepong and Jinjang . As of the first phase, the Putrajaya line ends at Kampung Batu . At Jalan Ipoh ,

7347-694: The site of the future Putrajaya Sentral MRT station by former Prime Minister Dato' Seri Najib Tun Razak . On 10 October 2017, An explosion has occurred at the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station construction site in Bandar Malaysia. According to the police, it was believed that the explosion happened because of an old unexploded bomb from the Second World War through the initial investigation. Three Bangladesh workers were seriously injured and two of them lost their legs while another suffered injuries on

7440-636: The suburbs, allowing a higher service frequency in the center. This arrangement is used by many systems, such as the Copenhagen Metro , the Milan Metro , the Oslo Metro , the Istanbul Metro and the New York City Subway . Alternatively, there may be a single central terminal (often shared with the central railway station), or multiple interchange stations between lines in the city center, for instance in

7533-414: The tabling of the 10th Malaysia Plan (2011-2015) that the government was studying the MRT proposal for the Klang Valley, inspired by Singapore 's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system. The original proposal was dubbed the “Klang Valley Integrated Transportation System”, but it is more commonly referred to as the “Greater Kuala Lumpur MRT” or “Klang Valley MRT” by the press and analysts. While the concept itself

7626-706: The term subway . In Thailand , it stands for Metropolitan Rapid Transit , previously using the Mass Rapid Transit name. Outside of Southeast Asia, Kaohsiung and Taoyuan, Taiwan , have their own MRT systems which stands for Mass Rapid Transit , as with Singapore and Malaysia . In general rapid transit is a synonym for "metro" type transit, though sometimes rapid transit is defined to include "metro", commuter trains and grade separated light rail . Also high-capacity bus-based transit systems can have features similar to "metro" systems. The opening of London's steam-hauled Metropolitan Railway in 1863 marked

7719-519: The term Subway into railway terminology. Both railways, alongside others, were eventually merged into London Underground . The 1893 Liverpool Overhead Railway was designed to use electric traction from the outset. The technology quickly spread to other cities in Europe , the United States, Argentina, and Canada, with some railways being converted from steam and others being designed to be electric from

7812-511: The trains, requiring custom-made trains in order to minimize gaps between train and platform. They are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same public transport authorities . Some rapid transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines. The world's first rapid transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened in 1863 using steam locomotives , and now forms part of

7905-449: The underground portion is now RM13.11 billion. This brought to the entire cost for this project to be RM30.53 billion from the RM39.35 billion previously. This means MMC-Gamuda now secured the contract of the underground section and allowed to continue the construction. By 3 April 2021, The Construction progress of Phase One section of the MRT Putrajaya Line ( Kwasa Damansara – Kampung Batu )

7998-426: The underground portion of the construction project. This decision had caused a lot of protests from MMC-Gamuda and workers due to the fact that some 20,000 workers tend to lose their job. Due to budget concerns, and a re-tender, construction costs proposed by MMC-Gamuda is about half what it was previously. The two Bandar Malaysia Stations have also been cancelled and listed as provisional. The cost for construction of

8091-591: The use of communications-based train control : the minimum headway can reach 90 seconds, but many systems typically use 120 seconds to allow for recovery from delays. Typical capacity lines allow 1,200 people per train, giving 36,000 passengers per hour per direction . However, much higher capacities are attained in East Asia with ranges of 75,000 to 85,000 people per hour achieved by MTR Corporation 's urban lines in Hong Kong. Rapid transit topologies are determined by

8184-540: Was Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system, which launched its first underground mobile phone network using AMPS in 1989. Many metro systems, such as the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway (MTR) and the Berlin U-Bahn, provide mobile data connections in their tunnels for various network operators. The technology used for public, mass rapid transit has undergone significant changes in the years since

8277-488: Was conceived by a joint venture between Gamuda Berhad and MMC Corporation Berhad , contract awards for the design and construction packages was expected to be tendered out by the government via the Swiss challenge method, if approved. The MMC-Gamuda joint venture indicated its intention to be the project leader and undertake tunneling works. The newly launched Public Land Transport Commission (SPAD) would oversee and coordinate

8370-845: Was developed further. Other Central European countries also have metro lines, for example in the cities of Budapest (Hungary), Prague (Czech Republic) and Warsaw (Poland). In Eastern Europe , metro systems are in operation in Minsk (Belarus), Kyiv (Ukraine) and Moscow (Russia). In Southeastern European countries, there are metro systems in Athens and Thessaloniki (Greece), Belgrade (Serbia), Sofia (Bulgaria) and Istanbul (Turkey). In Northern Europe , rapid transit systems exist in Copenhagen (Denmark), Oslo (Norway), Stockholm (Sweden) and Helsinki (Finland). Various terms are used for rapid transit systems around North America . The term metro

8463-596: Was fully operational in March 2023. In 2023, the government of Malaysia plan to build the third line, the 13 MRT Circle Line . The line will consist of 31 stations with 2 provisional stations over 50 km stretching from Bukit Kiara to the University of Malaya and will serve populated residential areas including Sri Hartamas , Titiwangsa , Mont Kiara , Segambut , KL Metropolis , Titiwangsa , Setapak , Setiawangsa , Cheras , Salak South , Pandan Indah , Cheras , Pantai Dalam and Bangsar South . The construction of

8556-681: Was low and suburbs tended to spread out . Since the 1970s, the viability of underground train systems in Australian cities, particularly Sydney and Melbourne , has been reconsidered and proposed as a solution to over-capacity. Melbourne had tunnels and stations developed in the 1970s and opened in 1980. The first line of the Sydney Metro was opened in 2019. Since the 1960s, many new systems have been introduced in Europe , Asia and Latin America . In

8649-472: Was official approved by the Federal government in March 2015 and allocated RM23 billion in the 2015 Budget and construction was expected to begin by November 2015. However, construction was delayed due to adjustments to the alignment to extend the line to Putrajaya and to provide connectivity to the proposed High Speed Rail project. Construction officially begun in September 2016 with a groundbreaking ceremony at

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