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71-544: KSBR signed on in 1975 as a Class D , 10-watt student-run station and a limited coverage area of only a few miles from the campus of Saddleback Community College . In 1979, with grants from CPB and NTIA, the signal was upgraded to a Class A , covering most of Orange County and the station signed on as Orange County's first National Public Radio affiliate with a staff of professional and student broadcasters. The program schedule at first employed an eclectic, free-form mix of rock music, drama and locally produced talk shows but, with

142-573: A 50,000 watt maximum for the US and Canada, but no maximum for other governments in the region. Mexico, for example, typically runs 150,000 to 500,000 watts, but some stations are grandfathered at 10,000 to 20,000 watts at night; by treaty, these sub-50,000 watt Mexican stations may operate with a maximum of 100,000 watts during the daytime. Because the AM broadcast band developed before technology suitable for directional antennas , there are numerous exceptions, such as

213-503: A Canadian network licenses a television show from a US network and shows it in the same time slot, upon request by the Canadian broadcaster, Canadian broadcast distributors must replace the show on the US channel with the broadcast of the Canadian channel, along with any overlays and commercials. As Grey's Anatomy is on ABC , but is carried in Canada on CTV at the same time, for instance,

284-456: A continental system, and trying to impose 35% Canadian content across North America is quite unrealistic. They also argue that satellite radio will boost Canadian culture by giving vital exposure to independent artists, instead of concentrating just on the country's stars, and point to the CRTC's successful extraction of promises to program 10% Canadian content on satellite services already operational in

355-460: A few Class B stations with grandfathered power limits in excess of 50 KW, such as WETA (licensed for Washington DC in zone I, at a power of 75 kW ERP), WNCI ( Columbus, Ohio in zone I, at 175 kW ERP), KPFK (Los Angeles in zone I-A, at 110 KW ERP), and the most extreme example being WBCT ( Grand Rapids, Michigan , in zone I, at 320  kW ERP). Notes: All full-power analog television station transmissions in

426-517: A growing news and public affairs emphasis and a switch to an all jazz format, the station gained critical recognition and a growing audience. Budget cuts in 1984 returned KSBR to a student-run operation, most of the professional staff was laid off and the NPR membership was discontinued but the strong emphasis on jazz and public affairs continued. Since 1989, the station has hosted a fundraiser in May which they call

497-413: A monitoring service would cost, the end-result was that no cable company elected to carry the station, either, leaving many Arabic-speaking Canadians using free-to-air satellite dishes to watch the station. The Canadian Jewish Congress has expressed its opinion over possible anti-Semitic incitement on this station and that the restrictions on Al Jazeera are appropriate, while the Canadian B'nai Brith

568-582: A monthly allotment of 60 GB, beyond which Bell will charge $ 1.12 per GB to a maximum of $ 22.50. If a customer uses more than 300 GB a month, Bell will also be able to implement an additional charge of 75 cents per gigabyte. In May 2010, the CRTC ruled that Bell could not implement its usage-based billing system until all of its own retail customers had been moved off older, unlimited downloading plans. The requirement would have meant that Bell would have to move its oldest and most loyal customers. The CRTC also added that Bell would be required to offer to wholesale ISPs

639-549: A more complicated problem for the CRTC. While an unlicensed satellite dish can often be identified easily, satellite radio receivers are much more compact and can rarely be easily identified, at least not without flagrantly violating provisions against unreasonable search and seizure in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . Some observers argued that this influenced the CRTC's June 2005 decision to ease Canadian content restrictions on satellite radio (see above). The CRTC

710-459: A new "open entry" approach to foreign controlled "third language" (non-English, non-French) channels. Al Jazeera : Was approved by the CRTC in 2004 as an optional cable and satellite offering, but on the condition that any carrier distributing it must edit out any instances of illegal hate speech. Cable companies declared that these restrictions would make it too expensive to carry Al Jazeera. Although no cable company released data as to what such

781-410: A policy of non-interference. In May 2011, in response to the increase presence of Over-the-Top (OTT) programming, the CRTC put a call out to the public to provide input on the impact OTT programming is having on Canadian content and existing broadcasting subscriptions through satellite and cable. On October 5, 2011, the CRTC released their findings that included consultations with stakeholders from

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852-583: A statement calling on the CRTC to review its approval of two new radio stations, Frank Torres' CIDG-FM and Astral Media 's CJOT-FM , which it had licensed in August 2008 to serve the Ottawa - Gatineau radio market. Moore asked the commission to assess whether the francophone population of the Ottawa-Gatineau area was sufficiently well-served by existing French radio services, and to consider licensing one or more of

923-498: A station of this type shares the callsign of another station. In analog, these services often were broadcast on the same or adjacent channels to their parent station, except in certain areas with tight packing of television stations (such as central Mexico). In digital, these services usually operate on the same RF channel as their parent station, except for those with conflicting full-power applications ( XHBS-TDT Cd. Obregón, Son., channel 30 instead of 25), in certain other cases where it

994-618: Is a public organization in Canada with mandate as a regulatory agency for broadcasting and telecommunications. It was created in 1976 when it took over responsibility for regulating telecommunication carriers. Prior to 1976, it was known as the Canadian Radio and Television Commission , which was established in 1968 by the Parliament of Canada to replace the Board of Broadcast Governors . Its headquarters

1065-464: Is divided into three zones for FM broadcasting: I, I-A and II. The zone where a station is located may limit the choices of broadcast class available to a given FM station. Zone I in the US includes all of Connecticut , the District of Columbia , Delaware , Illinois , Indiana , Massachusetts , Maryland , New Jersey , Ohio , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , and West Virginia . It also includes

1136-500: Is licensed for two watts in digital. The highest-powered shadows are XEQ-TDT Toluca and XHBS-TDT Ciudad Obregón, both at 200 kW. The United States Federal Communications Commission lists the following services on their website for television broadcasting: Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ; French : Conseil de la radiodiffusion et des télécommunications canadiennes )

1207-675: Is located in the Central Building (Édifice central) of Les Terrasses de la Chaudière in Gatineau , Quebec . The CRTC was originally known as the Canadian Radio-Television Commission. In 1976, jurisdiction over telecommunications services, most of which were then delivered by monopoly common carriers (for example, telephone companies), was transferred to it from the Canadian Transport Commission although

1278-490: Is not unlawful as provided by The Radiocommuncation Act Section 4(1)(b), which states: "No person shall, except under and in accordance with a radio authorization, install, operate or possess radio apparatus, other than (b)a radio apparatus that is capable only of the reception of broadcasting and that is not a distribution undertaking. (radio apparatus" means a device or combination of devices intended for, or capable of being used for, radiocommunication)." Satellite radio poses

1349-488: Is often the lightning rod for policy criticism that could arguably be better directed at the government itself. Complaints against broadcasters, such as concerns around offensive programming, are dealt with by the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council (CBSC), an independent broadcast industry association, rather than by the CRTC, although CBSC decisions can be appealed to the CRTC if necessary. However,

1420-500: Is opposed to any approval of Al Jazeera in Canada. The CRTC ruling applied to Al Jazeera and not to its English-speaking sister network Al Jazeera English , which was launched two years after the ruling. Fox News Channel : Until 2004, the CRTC's apparent reluctance to grant a digital licence to Fox News Channel under the same policy which made it difficult for RAI to enter the country – same-genre competition from foreign services – had angered many conservative Canadians, who believed

1491-525: Is responsible for allocating frequencies and call signs, managing the broadcast spectrum, and regulating other technical issues such as interference with electronics equipment. The CRTC has in the past regulated the prices cable television broadcast distributors are allowed to charge. In most major markets, however, prices are no longer regulated due to increased competition for broadcast distribution from satellite television . The CRTC also regulates which channels broadcast distributors must or may offer. Per

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1562-562: Is run by up to 13 full-time members (including the chairman, the vice-chairman of broadcasting, and the vice-chairman of telecommunications) appointed by the Cabinet for renewable terms of up to five years. However, unlike the more directly political appointees of the American Federal Communications Commission , the CRTC is an arms-length regulatory body with more autonomous authority over telecommunications. For example,

1633-550: Is still considered LPTV with respect to stations in Canada and Mexico. Class-A stations (US) (suffix: -CA or -CD for digital class A): The class-A television class is a variant of LPTV created in 2000 by the FCC to allocate and protect some low-power affiliates. Class-A stations are still low-power, but are protected from RF interference and from having to change channel should a full-service station request that channel. Additionally, class-A stations, LPTV stations, and translators are

1704-513: Is technically not feasible ( XHAW-TDT Guadalupe, NL, channel 26 instead of 25) or to make way for eventual repacking on upper UHF ( XHPNW-TDT has four shadows on 33, its post-repacking channel, instead of 39). Equipos complementarios can relay their parent station, or a station that carries 75% or more of the same programming as its parent station. Stations of either type may have unusually low or high effective radiated powers. XHSMI-TDT in Oaxaca

1775-548: Is to create a market in which Canadian networks can realize revenue through advertising sales in spite of their inability to match the rates that the much larger American networks can afford to pay for syndicated programming. This policy is also why Canadian viewers do not see American advertisements during the Super Bowl , even when tuning into one of the many American networks carried on Canadian televisions. The CRTC also regulates radio in Canada, including community radio , where

1846-574: The Commission for Complaints for Telecom-Television Services (CCTS) opened its doors. Third Party ISP Access refers to a ruling forcing Cable operators (MSO) to offer Internet access to third party resellers. The commission currently has some jurisdiction over the provision of local landline telephone service in Canada. This is largely limited to the major incumbent carriers, such as Bell Canada and Telus , for traditional landline service (but not Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)). It has begun

1917-763: The US-Canada or US-Mexico border must get approval by both the domestic and foreign agency. These agencies are Industry Canada / Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) in Canada, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the US, and the Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT) in Mexico. All domestic (United States) AM stations are classified as A , B , C , or D . Notes: AM station classes were previously assigned Roman numerals from I to IV in

1988-677: The United States but not in Canada. Users of these unlicensed services contend that they are not directly breaking any laws by simply using the equipment. The equipment is usually purchased from an American supplier (although some merchants have attempted to set up shop in Canada) and the services are billed to an American postal address. The advent of online billing and the easy availability of credit card services has made it relatively easy for almost anyone to maintain an account in good standing, regardless of where they actually live. Sec. 9(1)(c) of

2059-406: The federal cabinet known as orders-in-council , represent the bulk of the CRTC's jurisdiction. In many cases, such as the cabinet-directed prohibition on foreign ownership for broadcasters and the legislated principle of the predominance of Canadian content, these acts and orders often leave the CRTC less room to change policy than critics sometimes suggest, and the result is that the commission

2130-568: The 1990s, the CRTC rejected applications by Milestone Radio to launch a radio station in Toronto which would have been Canada's first urban music station; in both cases, the CRTC instead granted licences to stations that duplicated formats already offered by other stations in the Toronto market. The decision has been widely cited as one of the single most significant reasons why Canadian hip hop had difficulty establishing its commercial viability throughout

2201-463: The 1990s. The CRTC finally granted a licence to Milestone in 2000, after a cabinet order-in-council directed the commission to license two new radio stations that reflected the cultural diversity of the Toronto market, and CFXJ-FM launched in 2001. CHOI-FM : The CRTC announced it would not renew the licence of the popular radio station CHOI-FM in Quebec City , after having previously sanctioned

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2272-460: The 35% rule on local radio stations, was necessary because unlicensed U.S. receivers were already flooding into the country, so that enforcing a ban on these receivers would be nearly impossible (see below). This explanation did not satisfy cultural nationalists, who demanded that the federal cabinet overturn the decision and mandate a minimum of 35% Canadian content. Supporters of the decision argue that satellite radio can only be feasibly set up as

2343-646: The Birthday Bash. It draws top Jazz talent and has been held at various venues in Orange County over the years. For years, the station had a What's-playing-now page on the web. That contained a list of the previous 6 CDs played (promos were counted as items, as were songs). As of December 2016, that service has been eliminated. The call letters were previously used by an FM station in San Bruno, California , which operated at 100.5 MHz, from 1947 to 1959. The station

2414-570: The Broadcasting Act the commission also gives priority to Canadian signals—many non-Canadian channels which compete with Canadian channels are thus not approved for distribution in Canada. The CRTC argues that allowing free trade in television stations would overwhelm the smaller Canadian market, preventing it from upholding its responsibility to foster a national conversation. Some people, however, consider this tantamount to censorship . The CRTC's simultaneous substitution rules require that when

2485-740: The CRTC is also sometimes erroneously criticized for CBSC decisions — for example, the CRTC was erroneously criticized for the CBSC's decisions pertaining to the airing of Howard Stern 's terrestrial radio show in Canada in the late 1990s, as well as the CBSC's controversial ruling on the Dire Straits song " Money for Nothing ". The commission is not fully equivalent to the U.S. Federal Communications Commission , which has additional powers over technical matters, in broadcasting and other aspects of communications, in that country. In Canada, Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (formerly Industry Canada)

2556-598: The CRTC outraged some Canadian cultural nationalists (such as the Friends of Canadian Broadcasting ) and labour unions by licensing two companies, Canadian Satellite Radio and Sirius Canada to offer satellite radio services in Canada. The two companies are in partnership with American firms XM Satellite Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio respectively, and in accordance with the CRTC decision will only need to offer ten percent Canadian content. The CRTC contends that this low level of Canadian content, particularly when compared to

2627-491: The CRTC requires that at least 15% of each station's output must be locally produced spoken word content. In a major May 1999 decision on "New Media", the CRTC held that under the Broadcasting Act the CRTC had jurisdiction over certain content communicated over the Internet including audio and video, but excluding content that is primarily alphanumeric such as emails and most webpages. It also issued an exemption order committing to

2698-608: The Canadian marketplace, a move intended to create a public outcry and a threat that Canadians would resort to using satellite viewing cards obtained via the US in order to watch RAI, even though these cards were either grey market or black market , according to different analyses (see below). Following unprecedented foreign led and domestic political interference with the CRTC's quasi-judicial independent regulatory process, within six months of its original decision, an abrupt CRTC "review" of its policy on third-language foreign services determined to drop virtually all restrictions and adopt

2769-721: The FM and HD1 signals of both stations began simulcasting KCSN’s pre-existing "smart rock" AAA format, while KSBR’s jazz programming would move to their HD2 channels. KCSN’s Latin Alternative relocated to both stations’ HD3 channels. On March 21, 2018, 88.5 FM announced that former KSWD (100.3 The Sound) radio personality Andy Chanley would host afternoon drive, taking over for Sky Daniels who continued as General Manager and Program Director. Prior to this, Chanley had guest hosted in Daniels’ place for several weeks since January. On August 18, 2022, it

2840-556: The Federal Court of Canada. CBC Newsworld : The CRTC licensed the CBC on November 30, 1987, to provide a national all-news television network. Its competitor applicant, Alberta -based Allarcom , appealed this decision to the House of Commons of Canada . It was overturned and there were questions of whether federal politicians should meddle in CRTC decisions. Because of this the network launch

2911-609: The French language applications, which included a Christian music station, a community radio station and a campus radio station for the Université du Québec en Outaouais , in addition to or instead of the approved stations. The review ultimately identified a viable frequency for a third station, and CJFO-FM launched in 2010. Bell Canada usage-based billing : On October 28, 2010, the CRTC handed down its final decision on how wholesale customers can be billed by large network owners. Under

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2982-584: The Radiocommunication Act creates a prohibition against all decoding of encrypted programming signals, followed by an exception where authorization is received from the person holding the lawful right in Canada to transmit and authorize decoding of the signal. This means receiving the encrypted programming of DishNetwork or DirecTV, even with a grey market subscription, may be construed as unlawful (this remains an unresolved Constitutional issue). Notwithstanding, possession of DishNetwork or DirecTV equipment

3053-630: The US use of 800 (kHz) and 900 non-directionally in Alaska, limited to 5 kW at night; and 1050 and 1220, directionally, in the continental US , and without time limits; each of these being assigned to specific cities (and each of these being Mexican Class I-A clear channels). In return for these limits on US stations, Mexico accepted limits on 830 and 1030 in Mexico City, non-directionally, restricted to 5 kW at night (both of these being US Class I-A clear channels). Notes: The following table lists

3124-439: The US were terminated at midnight Eastern Daylight Time on June 12, 2009. Many broadcasters replaced their analog signal with their digital ATSC signal on the same transmission channel at that time. Notes: LPTV (secondary) (suffix: -LP, or a sequential-numbered callsign in format W##XX with no suffix for analog or with -D suffix for digital, or -LD for low-power digital stations): The LPTV (low-power television) service

3195-801: The US, with subclasses indicated by a letter suffix. Current class A is equivalent to the old class I; class B is the old classes II and III, with class D being the II-D, II-S, and III-S subclasses; and class C is the old class IV. The following conversion table compares the old AM station classes with the new AM station classes: The following chart lists frequencies on the broadcast company band, and which classes broadcast on these frequencies; Class A and Class B , 10,000 watt and higher (full-time) stations in North America which broadcast on clear-channel station frequencies are also shown. By international agreement, Class A stations must be 10,000 watts and above, with

3266-567: The United States as important concessions. Despite popular perception that the CRTC banned Sirius Canada from broadcasting Howard Stern 's program, this is not the case. Sirius Canada in fact initially chose not to air Stern based on the possibility of a future issue with the CRTC, although the company reversed its decision and began offering Howard Stern in 2006. 2008 Ottawa radio licences : On November 21, 2008, federal Minister of Canadian Heritage and Official Languages James Moore issued

3337-661: The abbreviation CRTC remained the same. On the telecom side, the CRTC originally regulated only privately held common carriers: Other telephone companies, many of which were publicly owned and entirely within a province's borders, were regulated by provincial authorities until court rulings during the 1990s affirmed federal jurisdiction over the sector, which also included some fifty small independent incumbents, most of them in Ontario and Quebec. Notable in this group were: The CRTC regulates all Canadian broadcasting and telecommunications activities and enforces rules it creates to carry out

3408-458: The antenna site," based on the determined noise-limited bounding contour. All digital television stations in Mexico have -TDT callsign suffixes. Analog stations, which existed until December 31, 2016, had -TV callsign suffixes. The equivalent of low power or translator service in Mexico is the equipo complementario de zona de sombra , which is intended only to fill in gaps between a station's expected and actual service area caused by terrain;

3479-579: The areas south of latitude 43.5°N in Michigan , New Hampshire , New York, and Vermont ; as well as coastal Maine , southeastern Wisconsin , and northern and eastern Virginia . Zone I-A includes California south of 40°N, as well as Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands . Zone II includes the remainder of the continental US , plus Alaska and Hawaii . In Zones I and I-A, there are no Class C, C0, or C1 stations. However, there are

3550-474: The broadcasting industry. Moreover, it does not deal with the availability of spectrum for mobile phone service, which is part of the Industry Canada mandate, nor the maintenance of competition, which is largely the responsibility of The Competition Bureau . Any transfer of more than 30% of the ownership of a broadcasting licence (including cable/satellite distribution licences) requires advance approval of

3621-628: The cable, satellite, or other broadcast distributor must send the CTV feed over the signal of the carried ABC affiliate, even where the ABC version is somehow different, particularly commercials. (These rules are not intended to apply in case of differing episodes of the same series; this difference may not always be communicated to distributors, although this is rather rare.) Viewers via home antenna who receive both American and Canadian networks on their personal sets are not affected by sim-sub. The goal of this policy

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3692-407: The commission has very little to do with the regulation of mobile phone service, outside of "undue preference" issues (for example, a carrier offering a superior rate or service to some subscribers and not others without a good reason). It does not regulate service rates, service quality, or other business practices, and commission approval is not necessary for wireless provider sales or mergers as in

3763-485: The commission. One condition normally taken into account in such a decision is the level of foreign ownership; federal regulations require that Canadian citizens ultimately own a majority of a broadcast licence. Usually this takes the form of a public process, where interested parties can express their concerns and sometimes including a public hearing, followed by a commission decision. While landline and mobile telephone providers must also be majority-owned by Canadians under

3834-509: The federal Telecommunications Act , the CRTC is not responsible for enforcement of this provision. In fact, the commission does not require licences at all for telephone companies, and CRTC approval is therefore not generally required for the sale of a telephone company, unless said company also owns a broadcast licence. Since 1987, the CRTC has been involved in several notable decisions, some of which led to controversy and debate. Milestone Radio : In two separate rounds of licence hearings in

3905-545: The go-ahead to implement usage-based billing. This ruling according to Teksavvy handcuffs the competitive market. This has been asked by Stephen Harper and Parliament to have the decision reviewed. According to a tweet by Industry Minister Tony Clement , unless the CRTC reverses this decision, the government will use its override power to reverse the decision. While an exact number has not been determined, thousands of Canadians have purchased and used what they contend to be grey market radio and television services, licensed in

3976-410: The gradual deregulation of such services where, in the commission's opinion, a sufficient level of competition exists. The CRTC is sometimes blamed for the current state of the mobile phone industry in Canada, in which there are only three national mobile network operators – Bell Mobility , Telus Mobility , and Rogers Wireless – as well as a handful of MVNOs operating on these networks. In fact,

4047-621: The late 1950s/early 1960s). The Morning Breeze presents gentle, relaxing music (e.g. Enya ) on weekend mornings. 33°30′11″N 117°36′11″W  /  33.503°N 117.603°W  / 33.503; -117.603 List of broadcast station classes#FM This is a list of broadcast station classes applicable in much of North America under international agreements between the United States, Canada and Mexico. Effective radiated power (ERP) and height above average terrain (HAAT) are listed unless otherwise noted. All radio and television stations within 320 kilometers (199 miles) of

4118-421: The leader of the post-fascist party of Italy) had unilaterally terminated a 20-year-old agreement and stripped all of its 1,500 to 2,000 annual hours of programming from Telelatino (TLN), a Canadian-run channel which had devoted 95% of its prime time schedule to RAI programs for 20 years since TLN was founded. All Italian-Canadians were denied RAI programming by RAI International's removal of its programming from

4189-423: The network was deliberately being kept out due to its perceived conservative bias , particularly given the long-standing availability of services such as CNN and BBC World in Canada. On November 18, 2004, however, the CRTC approved an application by cable companies to offer Fox News Channel on the digital cable tier. Fox commenced broadcasting in Canada shortly thereafter. Satellite radio : In June 2005,

4260-427: The only stations currently authorized to broadcast both analog and digital signals, unlike full-power stations which must broadcast a digital signal only. In Canada, there is no formal transmission power below which a television transmitter is considered broadcasting at low power. Industry Canada considers that a low power digital television undertaking "shall not normally extend a distance of 20 km in any direction from

4331-465: The plan which starts within 90 days, Bell will be able to charge wholesale service providers a flat monthly fee to connect to its network, and for a set monthly usage limit per each ISP customer the ISP has. Beyond that set limit, individual users will be charged per gigabyte, depending on the speed of their connections. Customers using the fastest connections of five megabits per second, for example, will have

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4402-585: The policies assigned to it; the best-known of these is probably the Canadian content rules. The CRTC reports to the Parliament of Canada through the Minister of Canadian Heritage , which is responsible for the Broadcasting Act, and has an informal relationship with Industry Canada , which is responsible for the Telecommunications Act . Provisions in these two acts, along with less-formal instructions issued by

4473-580: The rapid progress in the industry they are working on a more in depth study to be concluded in May 2012. The CRTC does not directly regulate rates, quality of service issues, or business practices for Internet service providers. However, the CRTC does continually monitor the sector and associated trends. To handle complains, the CRTC was ordered by the Government of Canada to create an independent, industry-funded agency to resolve complaints from consumers and small business retail telecom customers. In July 2007,

4544-439: The same usage insurance plan it sells to retail customers. Bell appealed both requirements, citing that the rules do not apply to cable companies and that they constituted proactive rate regulation by the CRTC, which goes against government official policy direction that the regulator only intervene in markets after a competitive problem has been proven. In Thursday's decision, the CRTC rescinded both requirements, thereby giving Bell

4615-433: The station for failing to uphold its promise of performance and then, during the years following, receiving about 50 complaints about offensive behaviour by radio jockeys which similarly contravened CRTC rules on broadcast hate speech. Many thousands of the station's fans marched in the streets and on Parliament Hill against the decision, and the parent company of CHOI, Genex Corp., appealed the CRTC decision unsuccessfully to

4686-434: The telecommunication industry, media producers, and cultural leaders among others. The evidence was inconclusive, suggesting that an increased availability of OTT options is not having a negative impact on the availability or diversity of Canadian content, one of the key policy mandates of the CRTC, nor are there signs that there has been a significant decline of television subscriptions through cable or satellite. However, given

4757-710: The various classes of FM stations, the reference facilities for each station class, and the protected and city grade contours for each station class: Historically, there were local "Class A" frequencies (like AM radio's class C stations) to which only class A stations would be allocated & the other frequencies could not have a class A. According to the 1982 FCC rules & regulations, those frequencies were: 92.1, 92.7, 93.5, 94.3, 95.3, 95.9, 96.7, 97.7, 98.3, 99.3, 100.1, 100.9, 101.7, 102.3, 103.1, 103.9, 104.9, 105.5, 106.3 & 107.1. Stations on those twenty frequencies were limited to having equivalent signals no greater that 3KW at 300 feet (91 meters) above average terrain. The US

4828-406: Was announced that KSBR would change its branding to "88.5 The SoCal Sound" on August 19. On weekends, the current schedule breaks from jazz/smooth jazz and airs programs such as The Whole 'Nuther Thing ( free form eclectic ), Kaleidoscope of Blues , Reggae Showcase , Folk Roots , bluegrass , old-timey, Celtic, The '80s Experience , and Making Your Memories ( doo-wop and other music of

4899-490: Was created in 1982 by the FCC to allocate channels for smaller, local stations, and community channels, such as public access stations. LPTV stations that meet additional requirements such as children's " E/I " core programming and Emergency Alert System broadcasting capabilities can qualify for a Class A (-CA) license. Broadcast translators , boosters , and other LPTV stations are considered secondary to full-power stations, unless they have upgraded to class A. Class A

4970-437: Was delayed from September 1, 1988, to July 31, 1989. RAI International : In Summer 2004, this Italian government-controlled channel was denied permission to broadcast independently in Canada on the grounds that it had acted and was likely to act contrary to established Canadian policies. RAI International's latest politically appointed President (an avowed right wing nationalist and former spokesperson for Giorgio Almirante,

5041-399: Was owned and operated by Eitel-McCullough , which moved to San Carlos, California in 1959 and merged with Varian Associates in 1965. On September 6, 2017, Saddleback College and California State University, Northridge , owner of KCSN , announced the merger of their respective radio stations. The combined operation adopted the branding "The New 88.5 FM". On September 12 at 10 a.m. PDT,

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