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129-485: It is one of the oldest stadiums in the country, and has hosted over 100 international football matches. Pakistan team has played here against visiting teams from the USSR , Iran , China , Turkey , Kuwait , Korea , Japan , Germany and USA . The stadium was built before the partition of British Raj , as a piece of barren land surrounded by a 12 ft wall. In 1956, in a match featuring Keamari Union against Baloch XI,

258-573: A Pakistani sports venue is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Pakistan national football team The Pakistan national football team ( Urdu : پاکستان قومی فٹ بال ٹیم ) represents Pakistan in men's international football in FIFA -authorized events and is controlled by the Pakistan Football Federation , the governing body for football in Pakistan . Pakistan became

387-549: A 0–0 draw in Lahore a few days later. Pakistan did not qualify for the 2014 FIFA World Cup , being eliminated by Bangladesh in the first round of the AFC qualifying section in 2011, losing 3–0 on aggregate. That saw the end of Lutfi's reign, with Serbian coach Zaviša Milosavljević taking over in November 2011 right before the 2011 SAFF Championship . Despite having little time to influence

516-597: A 0–0 tie. The second match in Peshawar ended in a 3–2 victory for Pakistan, with the third fixture in Lahore ending in another 1–1 draw. The final fourth match in Karachi ended in a 2–0 defeat for Pakistan. The 1964 Summer Olympics qualification the same year included a 4–1 loss in Iran and a 1–0 win in Pakistan. Pakistan visited China the next year for an unofficial test match ending in

645-462: A 2–0 victory. It was two years before Pakistan played another competitive fixture, when they played in the first 1965 RCD Cup and finished third. In the 1960s, the national team also hosted several teams from China , Soviet Union , Saudi Arabia and most notably Dallas Tornados for unofficial test matches. In 1967, Pakistan lost their Asian Cup qualifiers against Burma and Cambodia and drew their final match against India . They then hosted

774-535: A Pakistan state ..." Balraj Puri in his journal article about Jinnah suggests that the Muslim League president, after the 1937 vote, turned to the idea of partition in "sheer desperation". Historian Akbar S. Ahmed suggests that Jinnah abandoned hope of reconciliation with the Congress as he "rediscover[ed] his own Islamic roots, his own sense of identity, of culture and history, which would come increasingly to

903-728: A boy, Jinnah lived for a time in Bombay with an aunt and may have attended the Gokal Das Tej Primary School there, later on studying at the Cathedral and John Connon School . In Karachi, he attended the Sindh Madressatul Islam and the Christian Missionary Society High School . He gained his matriculation from Bombay University at the high school. In his later years and especially after his death,

1032-511: A brief period of emergence in the 1950s and early 1960s, but as the global popularity of football surged, the sport’s standing in Pakistan deteriorated. The standard achieved in the early years could not be maintained because of lack of organization of the game and the administration’s lack of attention to football. Football has also struggled to gain popularity in Pakistan largely due to the heavy influence of cricket in South Asia. Shortly after

1161-568: A decennial review of Indian policy mandated by the Government of India Act 1919 . The review began two years early as Baldwin feared he would lose the next election (which he did, in 1929). The Cabinet was influenced by minister Winston Churchill , who strongly opposed self-government for India, and members hoped that by having the commission appointed early, the policies for India which they favoured would survive their government. The resulting commission , led by Liberal MP John Simon , though with

1290-613: A key leader in the All-India Home Rule League , and proposed a fourteen-point constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in the Indian subcontinent . In 1920, however, Jinnah resigned from the Congress when it agreed to follow a campaign of satyagraha , which he regarded as political anarchy . By 1940, Jinnah had come to believe that the Muslims of the subcontinent should have their own state to avoid

1419-817: A large number of Muslim politicians and confirmed his recommendation to Jinnah. In early 1934, Jinnah relocated to the subcontinent, though he shuttled between London and India on business for the next few years, selling his house in Hampstead and closing his legal practice in Britain. Muslims of Bombay elected Jinnah, though then absent in London, as their representative to the Central Legislative Assembly in October 1934. The British Parliament's Government of India Act 1935 gave considerable power to India's provinces, with

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1548-452: A large number of stories about the boyhood of Pakistan's founder were circulated: that he spent all his spare time at the police court, listening to the proceedings, and that he studied his books by the glow of street lights for lack of other illumination. His official biographer, Hector Bolitho , writing in 1954, interviewed surviving boyhood associates, and obtained a tale that the young Jinnah discouraged other children from playing marbles in

1677-410: A large salary, fixing it at 1 rupee per month. As a lawyer, Jinnah gained fame for his skilled handling of the 1908 " Caucus Case ". This controversy arose out of Bombay municipal elections, which Indians alleged were rigged by a "caucus" of Europeans to keep Sir Pherozeshah Mehta out of the council. Jinnah gained great esteem from leading the case for Sir Pherozeshah, himself a noted barrister. It

1806-581: A late goal. Green shirts played their final group game against Bhutan which ended in a 3–0 win and sealed their place in semis after 13 years. Pakistan faced arch rivals India in semi final and were ultimately knocked out by 3–1. After the SAFF Cup, Pakistan negotiated with the Palestine Football Association for a friendly. It was initially reported that the match will be played in Lahore, Pakistan on 15 November 2018 but Palestine decided to host

1935-460: A late minute goal. They played a second friendly match against Maldives in March 2023 losing 0–1. Pakistan subsequently took part in the 2023 Mauritius Four Nations Cup featuring Mauritius , Kenya , Djibouti and the 2023 SAFF Championship alongside India , Kuwait and Nepal in the group stages, losing all six matches and finishing last in their group in each competition. On 27 July 2023,

2064-630: A majority of Conservatives, arrived in India in March 1928. They were met with a boycott by India's leaders, Muslim and Hindu alike, angered at the British refusal to include their representatives on the commission. A minority of Muslims, though, withdrew from the League, choosing to welcome the Simon Commission and repudiating Jinnah. Most members of the League's executive council remained loyal to Jinnah, attending

2193-682: A member of FIFA in 1948 and joined the Asian Football Confederation in 1950. Pakistan's national team debuted in 1950 and has yet to qualify for the FIFA World Cup finals. Pakistan has never qualified for any major tournament outside the South Asian region, although on regional level the team has won the 1952 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament , and has achieved gold at the South Asian Games in 1989 and 1991 . Pakistan had

2322-658: A parliamentarian, organising many Indian members to work with the Swaraj Party , and continued to press demands for full responsible government. In 1925, as recognition for his legislative activities, he was offered a knighthood by Lord Reading , who was retiring from the Viceroyalty. He replied: "I prefer to be plain Mr Jinnah." In 1927, the British Government, under Conservative Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin , undertook

2451-565: A quarter to a third of the population, outnumbered by the Hindus. Early meetings of the Congress contained a minority of Muslims, mostly from the elite. Jinnah devoted much of his time to his law practice in the early 1900s, but remained politically involved. Jinnah began political life by attending the Congress's twentieth annual meeting, in Bombay in December 1904. He was a member of the moderate group in

2580-457: A reception for Gandhi where the two men met and talked with each other for the first time. Shortly afterwards, Jinnah returned home to India in January 1915. Jinnah's moderate faction in the Congress was undermined by the deaths of Mehta and Gokhale in 1915; he was further isolated by the fact that Naoroji was in London, where he remained until his death in 1917. Nevertheless, Jinnah worked to bring

2709-814: A rented apartment on the second floor of Wazir Mansion near Karachi, now in Sindh , Pakistan, but then within the Bombay Presidency of British India . Jinnah's paternal grandfather lived in Gondal state in Kathiawar peninsula (now in Gujarat , India). He himself was a Khoja of Nizari Isma'ili Shia Muslim background from Gujarat, though he later followed the Twelver Shi'a teachings. After his death, his relatives and other witnesses claimed that he had converted in later life to

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2838-471: A separate homeland. Iqbal's influence also gave Jinnah a deeper appreciation for Muslim identity. The evidence of this influence began to be revealed from 1937 onwards. Jinnah not only began to echo Iqbal in his speeches, he started using Islamic symbolism and began directing his addresses to the underprivileged. Ahmed noted a change in Jinnah's words: while he still advocated freedom of religion and protection of

2967-518: A similar pattern, with Pakistan missing crucial matches because of a lack of interest from the federation and insufficient government support. As a result of the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War , East Pakistan became Bangladesh and the Pakistani team lost the right to call upon Bengali players from the Dhaka League . The national team did not compete again until 1973, when the national team toured

3096-579: A sound legal footing under British Indian law. Two years later, the measure passed, the first act sponsored by non-officials to pass the council and be enacted by the Viceroy. Jinnah was also appointed to a committee which helped to establish the Indian Military Academy in Dehra Dun . In December 1912, Jinnah addressed the annual meeting of the Muslim League although he was not yet a member. He joined

3225-778: A unitary state encompassing all of British India , as did the Hindus and others who advocated self-government. Despite this, other nationalist proposals were being made. In a speech given at Allahabad to a League session in 1930, Sir Muhammad Iqbal called for a state for Muslims in British India. Choudhary Rahmat Ali published a pamphlet in 1933 advocating a state "Pakistan" in the Indus Valley , with other names given to Muslim-majority areas elsewhere in India. Jinnah and Iqbal corresponded in 1936 and 1937; in subsequent years, Jinnah credited Iqbal as his mentor and used Iqbal's imagery and rhetoric in his speeches. Although many leaders of

3354-478: A weak central parliament in New Delhi, which had no authority over such matters as foreign policy, defence, and much of the budget. Full power remained in the hands of the Viceroy, however, who could dissolve legislatures and rule by decree. The League reluctantly accepted the scheme, though expressing reservations about the weak parliament. The Congress was much better prepared for the provincial elections in 1937 , and

3483-662: Is no such inscription, but inside is a mural showing Muhammad and other lawgivers, and speculates that Jinnah may have edited the story in his own mind to avoid mentioning a pictorial depiction which would be offensive to many Muslims. Jinnah's legal education followed the pupillage (legal apprenticeship) system, which had been in force there for centuries. To gain knowledge of the law, he followed an established barrister and learned from what he did, as well as from studying lawbooks . During this period, he shortened his name to Muhammad Ali Jinnah. During his student years in England, Jinnah

3612-518: Is revered in Pakistan as the Quaid-e-Azam ("Great Leader") and Baba-e-Qaum (" Father of the Nation "). His birthday is also observed as a national holiday in the country. According to his biographer, Stanley Wolpert , Jinnah remains Pakistan's greatest leader. Jinnah's given name at birth was Mahomedali Jinnahbhai, and he likely was born in 1876, to Jinnahbhai Poonja and his wife Mithibai, in

3741-518: The 1954 Asian Games in Manila , Philippines. The Pakistan Football Federation became one of the 13 founding members of the Asian Football Confederation on 8 May 1954. Initially scheduled to play against Israel in the inaugural 1956 AFC Asian Cup qualifiers , the team withdrew along with Afghanistan due to reluctance to host the Israeli team. However, in 1959, Pakistan finally decided to participate in

3870-489: The 1960 Asian Cup qualifiers hosted by India in Kerala , where Pakistan faced Iran, India and Israel twice each in the qualifiers. Although Israel managed to qualify by topping the group, Pakistan achieved a memorable victory over Iran by 4–1 and secure a draw against Israel, finishing in third place in the group, ahead of hosts India but behind Iran. [REDACTED] Pakistan had participated in various friendly tournaments in

3999-424: The 1982 Quaid-e-Azam International Cup involving Iran , Bangladesh , Oman , Nepal and the youth team Pakistan Blues . The Green Shirts started off with a 2–0 win over Nepal. They then lost to Iran, but came back and beat Bangladesh 2–1. The last game against Oman ended nil-nil and Pakistan ended at the third position behind the Pakistan youth team. However, in 1984, the national team lost 4 out of 5 games in

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4128-505: The 1984 AFC Asian Cup qualification , the only victory coming against North Yemen 4–1 with Sharafat Ali scoring a hat-trick. The national team hosted another 1985 Quaid-e-Azam International Cup , this time inviting North Korea , Indonesia , Bangladesh and Nepal . A goalless draw against the North Koreans boosted the side, and they beat Nepal 1–0. However, they lost in the final two games against Bangladesh and Indonesia . In

4257-410: The 1985 South Asian Games , Pakistan ended fourth after losing a penalty shoot out to Nepal . After participating at the 1986 Fajr International Tournament , the team finished runner-ups at the 1986 Quaid-e-Azam International Cup involving China , Sri Lanka , Nepal and a South Korean XI. In the 1986 Asian Games , Pakistan lost all their games. [REDACTED] In 1987 after participating at

4386-449: The 1988 Summer Olympics Qualification , the side was more successful at the 1987 South Asian Games , winning the bronze medal match against Bangladesh 1–0. In 1988, after losing the 1988 AFC Asian Cup qualification , Pakistan began with their first ever participation for the 1990 FIFA World Cup qualifiers for Italy in January and February, ending up unsuccessful. The national team bounced back, when several months later they took Gold at

4515-487: The 1989 South Asian Games , beating Bangladesh 1–0 in the final, from a solitary goal by Haji Abdul Sattar in the dying minutes of the game. [REDACTED] Pakistan had another early exit in the 1990 Asian Games , losing all three games. In the 1991 South Asian Games however, Pakistan beat the Maldives in the final 2–0 to win their second Gold, from goals scored by Qazi Ashfaq and Mohammad Nauman Khan . In 1992,

4644-467: The 2003 SAFF Cup , under the inspiration of the attacking midfielder Sarfraz Rasool , Pakistan stunned India, Sri Lanka and Afghanistan in three victories as they reached the semi-finals only to fall short against Maldives by 1-0. Pakistan finished fourth, losing 2–1 in extra time to India in the third place playoff. Later in the year, Pakistan won their first Asian Cup qualifier with a 3–0 over Macao , but still were unable to qualify. They rounded off

4773-424: The 2008 AFC Challenge Cup qualification . Although they won against Chinese Taipei 2–1 in the first match, and beat Guam in a record-equalling 9–2 win in the final match, other results, including a 7–1 defeat to Sri Lanka , saw them again fail to reach the finals. In the 2008 SAFF Championship , Pakistan failed to go beyond the group stages, losing to Maldives 3–0, India 2–1 and Nepal 4–1, which signalled

4902-623: The Afghanistan Republic Day Festival Cup in 1976, and held the inaugural Quaid-e-Azam International Cup held in Karachi the same year . After several years without competitive football activity, in the 1981 King's Cup , Pakistan secured a goalless draw against Indonesia . After a loss to Thailand , they gained a 3–2 victory against Malaysia and although they lost a close game against China , they were able to win 1–0 in their final game against Singapore . Pakistan hosted

5031-647: The Bombay High Court , and took an interest in national politics, which eventually replaced his legal practice. Jinnah rose to prominence in the Indian National Congress in the first two decades of the 20th century. In these early years of his political career, Jinnah advocated Hindu–Muslim unity , helping to shape the 1916 Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the All-India Muslim League, in which Jinnah had also become prominent. Jinnah became

5160-484: The Sheedi and Makrani communities. The venue hosted the 2009 national league's football final, with 15,000 people in attendance. Karachi United , the first Pakistani football club with almost 100,000 followers on Facebook, use the stadium for some games. FC Karachi also use the stadium for some of their home games. KMC is one of the two venues for the 2021 National Women Football Championship . This article about

5289-525: The Sunni sect of Islam . Jinnah was from a wealthy merchant background. His father was a merchant and was born to a family of textile weavers in the village of Paneli in the princely state of Gondal; his mother was from the nearby village of Dhaffa. They had moved to Karachi in 1875, having married before their departure. Karachi was then enjoying an economic boom: the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 meant it

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5418-411: The far east , which included several test matches against local teams and a friendly against China ending in a 4–7 defeat. In the early 1970s the national side participated at the 1974 RCD Cup and the 1974 Asian Games . The most notable result in this period included a 2–2 draw against Turkey at the former and a 5–1 win against Bahrain at the latter. Later on, the national side participated at

5547-480: The flag of Pakistan which is a green field with a white crescent moon and five-rayed star at its centre, and a vertical white stripe at the hoist side. The away shirt colour has changed several times. The national team has used white shirt with white shorts or white shirt with green shorts. Historically, white shirt with green shorts is the most often used colour combination. For the first fifty years of their existence, Pakistan played their home matches all around

5676-430: The "Jinnah cap". Dissatisfied with the law, Jinnah briefly embarked on a stage career with a Shakespearean company, but resigned after receiving a stern letter from his father. In 1895, at age 19, he became the youngest British Indian to be called to the bar in England. Although he returned to Karachi, he remained there only a short time before moving to Bombay. At the age of 20, Jinnah began his practice in Bombay,

5805-526: The "unsympathetic [Hindu] majority". Dissatisfied with this, Jinnah wrote a letter to the editor of the newspaper Gujarati , asking what right the members of the delegation had to speak for Indian Muslims, as they were unelected and self-appointed. When many of the same leaders met in Dacca in December of that year to form the All-India Muslim League to advocate for their community's interests, Jinnah

5934-453: The 1937 election. According to historian Ian Talbot, "The provincial Congress governments made no effort to understand and respect their Muslim populations' cultural and religious sensibilities. The Muslim League's claims that it alone could safeguard Muslim interests thus received a major boost. Significantly it was only after this period of Congress rule that it [the League] took up the demand for

6063-567: The British Parliament, while Jaswant Singh deems Jinnah's time in Britain as a break or sabbatical from the Indian struggle. Bolitho called this period "Jinnah's years of order and contemplation, wedged in between the time of early struggle, and the final storm of conquest". In 1931, Fatima Jinnah joined her brother in England. From then on, Muhammad Ali Jinnah would receive personal care and support from her as he aged and began to suffer from

6192-784: The British war effort, hoping that Indians would be rewarded with political freedoms. Jinnah played an important role in the founding of the All India Home Rule League in 1916. Along with political leaders Annie Besant and Tilak, Jinnah demanded " home rule " for India—the status of a self-governing dominion in the Empire similar to Canada, New Zealand and Australia, although, with the war, Britain's politicians were not interested in considering Indian constitutional reform. British Cabinet minister Edwin Montagu recalled Jinnah in his memoirs, "young, perfectly mannered, impressive-looking, armed to

6321-473: The Congress and League together. In 1916, with Jinnah now president of the Muslim League, the two organisations signed the Lucknow Pact , setting quotas for Muslim and Hindu representation in the various provinces. Although the pact was never fully implemented, its signing ushered in a period of co-operation between the Congress and the League. During the war, Jinnah joined other Indian moderates in supporting

6450-429: The Congress convened a committee under the leadership of Motilal Nehru . The Nehru Report favoured constituencies based on geography on the ground that being dependent on each other for election would bind the communities closer together. Jinnah, though he believed separate electorates, based on religion, necessary to ensure Muslims had a voice in the government, was willing to compromise on this point, but talks between

6579-577: The Congress did not win a single Muslim seat ... as long as it won an absolute majority in the House, on the strength of the general seats, it could and would form a government entirely on its own ..." In the next two years, Jinnah worked to build support among Muslims for the League. He secured the right to speak for the Muslim-led Bengali and Punjabi provincial governments in the central government in New Delhi ("the centre"). He worked to expand

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6708-472: The Congress sought a strong central government for an Indian state, some Muslim politicians, including Jinnah, were unwilling to accept this without powerful protections for their community. Other Muslims supported the Congress, which officially advocated a secular state upon independence, though the traditionalist wing (including politicians such as Madan Mohan Malaviya and Vallabhbhai Patel ) believed that an independent India should enact laws such as banning

6837-570: The Congress, called for satyagraha against the British. Gandhi's proposal gained broad Hindu support, and was also attractive to many Muslims of the Khilafat faction. These Muslims, supported by Gandhi, sought retention of the Ottoman caliphate , which supplied spiritual leadership to many Muslims. The caliph was the Ottoman Emperor , who would be deprived of both offices following his nation's defeat in

6966-636: The Congress, favouring Hindu–Muslim unity in achieving self-government, and following such leaders as Mehta, Naoroji, and Gopal Krishna Gokhale . They were opposed by leaders such as Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai , who sought quick action towards independence. In 1906, a delegation of Muslim leaders, known as the Simla Delegation, headed by the Aga Khan called on the new Viceroy of India , Lord Minto , to assure him of their loyalty and to ask for assurances that in any political reforms they would be protected from

7095-476: The First World War. Gandhi had achieved considerable popularity among Muslims because of his work during the war on behalf of killed or imprisoned Muslims. Unlike Jinnah and other leaders of the Congress, Gandhi did not wear western-style clothing, did his best to use an Indian language instead of English, and was deeply rooted in Indian culture. Gandhi's local style of leadership gained great popularity with

7224-615: The Imperial Legislative Council extended emergency wartime restrictions on civil liberties; Jinnah resigned from it when it did. There was unrest across India, which worsened after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar , in which British Indian Army troops fired upon a protest meeting, killing hundreds. In the wake of Amritsar, Gandhi, who had returned to India and become a widely respected leader and highly influential in

7353-450: The Indian people. Jinnah criticised Gandhi's Khilafat advocacy, which he saw as an endorsement of religious zealotry. Jinnah regarded Gandhi's proposed satyagraha campaign as political anarchy, and believed that self-government should be secured through constitutional means. He opposed Gandhi, but the tide of Indian opinion was against him. At the 1920 session of the Congress in Nagpur , Jinnah

7482-458: The Khilafat faction did not last long, and the campaign of resistance proved less effective than hoped, as India's institutions continued to function. Jinnah sought alternative political ideas, and contemplated organising a new political party as a rival to the Congress. In September 1923, Jinnah was elected as Muslim member for Bombay in the new Central Legislative Assembly . He showed much skill as

7611-424: The League failed to win a majority even of the Muslim seats in any of the provinces where members of that faith held a majority. It did win a majority of the Muslim seats in Delhi , but could not form a government anywhere, though it was part of the ruling coalition in Bengal . The Congress and its allies formed the government even in the North-West Frontier Province (N.W.F.P.), where the League won no seats despite

7740-557: The League meeting in December 1927 and January 1928 which confirmed him as the League's permanent president. At that session, Jinnah told the delegates that "A constitutional war has been declared on Great Britain. Negotiations for a settlement are not to come from our side ... By appointing an exclusively white Commission, [ Secretary of State for India ] Lord Birkenhead has declared our unfitness for self-government." Birkenhead in 1928 challenged Indians to come up with their own proposal for constitutional change for India; in response,

7869-411: The League, but declined to travel to India to preside over its 1933 session in April, writing that he could not possibly return there until the end of the year. Among those who met with Jinnah to seek his return was Liaquat Ali Khan , who would be a major political associate of Jinnah in the years to come and the first prime minister of Pakistan . At Jinnah's request, Liaquat discussed the return with

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7998-445: The League, reducing the cost of membership to two annas ( 1 ⁄ 8 of a rupee), half of what it cost to join the Congress. He restructured the League along the lines of the Congress, putting most power in a Working Committee, which he appointed. By December 1939, Liaquat estimated that the League had three million two-anna members. Until the late 1930s, most Muslims of the British Raj expected, upon independence, to be part of

8127-460: The Muslim League can succeed only on account of Jinnah. Now none but Jinnah is capable of leading the Muslims. Muhammad Iqbal , 1938 The well documented influence of Iqbal on Jinnah, with regard to taking the lead in creating Pakistan, has been described as "significant", "powerful" and even "unquestionable" by scholars. Iqbal has also been cited as an influential force in convincing Jinnah to end his self-imposed exile in London and re-enter

8256-406: The Muslim League. Indian question, as is now being solved, can be countered by our united front against both the Hindus and the English. Without it, our demands are not going to be accepted. People say our demands smack of communalism. This is sheer propaganda. These demands relate to the defence of our national existence.... The united front can be formed under the leadership of the Muslim League. And

8385-457: The Muslim community's representative, and it was ineffective in preventing the 1911 repeal of the partition of Bengal , an action seen as a blow to Muslim interests. Although Jinnah initially opposed separate electorates for Muslims, he used this means to gain his first elective office in 1909, as Bombay's Muslim representative on the Imperial Legislative Council . He was a compromise candidate when two older, better-known Muslims who were seeking

8514-402: The Pakistan national team played the match barefoot, which was the norm back in South Asia. Pakistan also engaged in unofficial friendly matches during the tour, defeating Tehran's Taj FC (now Esteghlal FC ) with a 6–1 scoreline and drew 2–2 against a team from Isfahan . In Iraq, due to the Iraqi FA 's inability to gather a full national team, Pakistan played an unofficial friendly against

8643-449: The aftermath of the conflict, some Anglo-Indians, as well as Indians in Britain, called for greater self-government for the subcontinent, resulting in the founding of the Indian National Congress in 1885. Most founding members had been educated in Britain, and were content with the minimal reform efforts being made by the government. Muslims were not enthusiastic about calls for democratic institutions in British India , as they constituted

8772-464: The ancestral village of Paneli, Emibai Jinnah . Jinnah's mother and first wife both died during his absence in England. Although the apprenticeship in London was considered a great opportunity for Jinnah, one reason for sending him overseas was a legal proceeding against his father, which placed the family's property at risk of being sequestered by the court. In 1893, the Jinnahbhai family moved to Bombay. Soon after his arrival in London, Jinnah gave up

8901-486: The best ambassador of Hindu–Muslim Unity". Jinnah led another delegation of the Congress to London in 1914, but due to the start of the First World War in August 1914, found officials little interested in Indian reforms. By coincidence, he was in Britain at the same time as a man who would become his great political rival, Mohandas Gandhi , a Hindu lawyer who had become well known for advocating satyagraha , non-violent non-co-operation, while in South Africa. Jinnah attended

9030-450: The business apprenticeship in order to study law, enraging his father, who had, before his departure, given him enough money to live for three years. The aspiring barrister joined Lincoln's Inn , later stating that the reason he chose Lincoln's over the other Inns of Court was that over the main entrance to Lincoln's Inn were the names of the world's great lawgivers, including Muhammad . Jinnah's biographer Stanley Wolpert notes that there

9159-432: The club Haris al-Maliki resulting in a 1–1 draw. Pakistan's next international outing came in the 1952 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament where the team played its first match against India after victories over Ceylon and Burma , which ended in a goalless draw and emerged as joint winners of the tournament after finishing with the same points in the table. During the 1950s, Pakistan played internationally in

9288-539: The controversial tenure of the PFF president and politician Makhdoom Syed Faisal Saleh Hayat , widely described as a "feudal lord of Pakistani football". For three years since March 2015, the top division of the Pakistan Premier League remained suspended because of the crisis created due to his actions, along with the men's senior team, who remained suspended from any international competition, and FIFA rankings of

9417-523: The country. Built in the 1950s and renovated in the 1960s by the order of the president of Pakistan Ayub Khan , the KMC Stadium in Karachi is one of the oldest football stadiums in the country. Muhammad Ali Jinnah Governor-General of Pakistan 14 August 1947 – 11 September 1948 Parties Properties Tributes [REDACTED] Muhammad Ali Jinnah (born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai ; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948)

9546-523: The creation of Pakistan in 1947, the Pakistan Football Federation (PFF) was created, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah became its first Patron-in-Chief. PFF received recognition from FIFA in early 1948. Pakistan visited Iran and Iraq for its international debut in October 1950. Pakistan faced Iran in their first official international game in Tehran , losing 5–1 during the Shah of Iran's birthday celebrations. Reportedly

9675-723: The draw for the first round of the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification took place in which Pakistan were drawn once again against Cambodia , followed by the appointment of the English coach Stephen Constantine . In the first leg in Phnom Penh , Pakistan contested in a goalless 0–0 draw. Pakistan won their second leg beating Cambodia 1–0 in Islamabad , due to a goal by Harun Hamid , recording their first-ever victory in World Cup qualifiers in their first fixture at home for eight years, and qualifying for

9804-442: The dust, urging them to rise up, keep their hands and clothes clean, and play cricket instead. In 1892, Sir Frederick Leigh Croft , a business associate of Jinnahbhai Poonja , offered young Jinnah a London apprenticeship with his firm, Graham's Shipping and Trading Company. He accepted the position despite the opposition of his mother, who before he left, had him enter an arranged marriage with his cousin, two years his junior from

9933-578: The early 1960s, with the Merdeka Cup hosted in Malaysia after the country first participation in 1960 . Pakistan recorded some famous victories including a 7–0 walloping of Thailand , and a 3–1 win over the Asian powerhouses Japan . Two years later in the 1962 Merdeka Tournament , Pakistan ended runner up after falling to Singapore by 1–2 in the final. The era also saw one of the finest players to ever grace

10062-499: The end of Akhtar Mohiuddin 's tenure as head coach. After Mohiuddin's departure, George Kottan was hired and the veteran tactician took the team to the 2009 SAFF Championship . The side were defeated 1–0 by Sri Lanka, before drawing 0–0 with Bangladesh as Adnan Ahmed missed a late penalty to seal a win. Pakistan won against Bhutan 7–0 in their last game. Kottan was soon sacked in February 2010, Pakistan had no senior games during

10191-524: The entire calendar year. For the 2012 AFC Challenge Cup qualification in 2011, coach Tariq Lutfi was called up once more and failed to deliver. Defeats such as the 3–0 against Turkmenistan and 3–1 against India meant that the side were already out of the qualifiers despite beating Chinese Taipei by 2–0. Later in the 2014 FIFA World Cup Qualifiers in July, Pakistan lost 3–0 to Bangladesh in Dhaka, before earning

10320-515: The event afterwards. Due to visa issues, Pakistan team couldn't fly to Palestine on the desired date. So, the match was played on 16 November in which Shaheens lost by 2–1. Disappointment would soon strike again as Pakistan lost its chance to pass the 2022 FIFA qualification , losing against Cambodia twice in the first round and was eliminated. The preliminary camp for the matches were controversially organised by two different federations. Faisal Saleh Hayat -led Pakistan Football Federation , which

10449-427: The fact that almost all residents were Muslim. According to Jaswant Singh , "the events of 1937 had a tremendous, almost a traumatic effect upon Jinnah". Despite his beliefs of twenty years that Muslims could protect their rights in a united India through separate electorates, provincial boundaries drawn to preserve Muslim majorities, and by other protections of minority rights, Muslim voters had failed to unite, with

10578-605: The field in Pakistan football history, such as Abdul Ghafoor , nicknamed the "Pakistani Pelé " and "Black Pearl of Pakistan", Moosa Ghazi , Abid Ghazi , Muhammad Umer Baloch , Turab Ali , Murad Bakhsh , Qadir Bakhsh , Maula Bakhsh , Ayub Dar , Ghulam Rabbani , Mohammad Amin , Ali Nawaz Baloch , among others. During the China national team tour in Pakistan in 1963, the first test in Dhaka in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) ended in

10707-488: The first 2006 AFC Challenge Cup . They failed to get past the group stage, but beat Kyrgyzstan 1–0. Back at the Asian Cup qualifiers, they lost their remaining fixtures. In the 2010 World Cup qualifiers in 2007, they fell to a heavy defeat by the Asian champions Iraq , losing 7–0 on aggregate across the two legs after drawing 0–0 in the second round. In 2008, Pakistan travelled to Nepal for two friendlies before taking on

10836-604: The first British Member of Parliament of Indian extraction shortly before Jinnah's arrival, triumphing with a majority of three votes in Finsbury Central . Jinnah listened to Naoroji's maiden speech in the House of Commons from the visitor's gallery. The Western world not only inspired Jinnah in his political life, but also greatly influenced his personal preferences, particularly when it came to dress. Jinnah abandoned local garb for Western-style clothing, and throughout his life he

10965-617: The following Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament editions which were played in Burma in 1953 , India in 1954 , then East Pakistan (now Bangladesh ) in 1955 , and the Asian Games in Philippines in 1954 and in Japan in 1958 . Masood Fakhri had most notably scored a hat-trick , and became the first player from Pakistan to do so as his national team thumped Singapore 6–2 in a group match at

11094-425: The following year, although he remained a member of the Congress as well and stressed that League membership took second priority to the "greater national cause" of an independent India. In April 1913, he again went to Britain, with Gokhale, to meet with officials on behalf of the Congress. Gokhale, a Hindu, later stated that Jinnah "has true stuff in him, and that freedom from all sectarian prejudice which will make him

11223-467: The fore in the final years of his life". Jinnah also increasingly adopted Muslim dress in the late 1930s. In the wake of the 1937 balloting, Jinnah demanded that the question of power sharing be settled on an all-India basis, and that he, as president of the League, be accepted as the sole spokesman for the Muslim community. There is only one way out. Muslims should strengthen Jinnah's hands. They should join

11352-452: The group stage of the final 1999 South Asian Games to hold full internationals. Pakistan were unable to win any of their 2000 Asian Cup qualifiers . The following year Pakistan achieved their first point in the 2002 World Cup qualification , thanks to a hat-trick by Gohar Zaman in a 3–3 draw against Sri Lanka , but all other matches ended in defeat. In 2002, Pakistan played in an unsuccessful four match series against Sri Lanka . At

11481-451: The group stage. In 1995, Pakistan went out of the SAFF Cup group stage on goal difference. Between 1996 and 1997, the team lost all their Asian Cup and World Cup qualifying games. Pakistan came third in the 1997 SAFF Cup , thanks to a 1–0 victory over Sri Lanka in the third place playoff. The 1999 SAFF Cup saw Pakistan finish bottom of their group, and Pakistan also failed to get out of

11610-536: The issues Jinnah hoped to bring forward lost amid factional fighting. Singh notes the effect of the 1937 elections on Muslim political opinion, "when the Congress formed a government with almost all of the Muslim MLAs sitting on the Opposition benches, non-Congress Muslims were suddenly faced with this stark reality of near-total political powerlessness. It was brought home to them, like a bolt of lightning, that even if

11739-482: The killing of cows and making Hindi a national language. The failure of the Congress leadership to disavow Hindu communalists worried Congress-supporting Muslims. Nevertheless, the Congress enjoyed considerable Muslim support up to about 1937. Events which separated the communities included the failed attempt to form a coalition government including the Congress and the League in the United Provinces following

11868-604: The last game 3–0 in Male. Pakistan then played the 2014 AFC Challenge Cup qualification in Bishkek, losing out 1–0 to Tajikistan in injury-time. Pakistan also lost 1–0 against the Kyrgyzstan after scoring in the 1st minute, but comfortably beat Macau 2–0. Pakistan played a friendly against Afghanistan in August, losing 3–0 without their foreign-based players. Coach Zaviša Milosavljević

11997-513: The lung ailments which would eventually kill him. She lived and travelled with him, and became a close advisor. Muhammad Jinnah's daughter, Dina, was educated in England and India. Jinnah later became estranged from Dina after she decided to marry a Parsi , Neville Wadia from a prominent business family. When Jinnah urged Dina to marry a Muslim, she reminded him that he had married a woman not raised in his faith. Jinnah continued to correspond cordially with his daughter, but their personal relationship

12126-517: The minorities, the model he was now aspiring to was that of the Prophet Muhammad, rather than that of a secular politician. Ahmed further avers that those scholars who have painted the later Jinnah as secular have misread his speeches which, he argues, must be read in the context of Islamic history and culture. Accordingly, Jinnah's imagery of the Pakistan began to become clear that it was to have an Islamic nature. This change has been seen to last for

12255-468: The name Maryam Jinnah, resulting in a permanent estrangement from her family and Parsi society. The couple resided at South Court Mansion in Bombay, and frequently travelled across India and Europe. The couple's only child, daughter Dina , was born on 15 August 1919. The couple separated prior to Ruttie's death in 1929, and subsequently Jinnah's sister Fatima looked after him and his child. Relations between Indians and British were strained in 1919 when

12384-595: The new nation's government and policies, and to aid the millions of Muslim migrants who had emigrated from neighbouring India to Pakistan after the two states' independence , personally supervising the establishment of refugee camps. Jinnah died at age 71 in September 1948, just over a year after Pakistan gained independence from the United Kingdom. He left a deep and respected legacy in Pakistan. Several universities and public buildings in Pakistan bear Jinnah's name. He

12513-430: The only Muslim barrister in the city. English had become his principal language and would remain so throughout his life. His first three years in the law, from 1897 to 1900, brought him few briefs. His first step towards a brighter career occurred when the acting Advocate General of Bombay, John Molesworth MacPherson, invited Jinnah to work from his chambers. In 1900, P. H. Dastoor, a Bombay presidency magistrate , left

12642-401: The pavilion collapsed with close to 100 people getting injured. The then commissioner of Karachi, Ghulam Ahmed Madni visited the ground after the tragedy, being instructed by the president of Pakistan Ayub Khan , to start the renovation work in 1962. The stadium also had their own club called KMC football team, which was formed in the same decade in which the venue was established. In 1968,

12771-597: The politics of India. Initially, however, Iqbal and Jinnah were opponents, as Iqbal believed Jinnah did not care about the crises confronting the Muslim community during the British Raj. According to Akbar S. Ahmed , this began to change during Iqbal's final years prior to his death in 1938. Iqbal gradually succeeded in converting Jinnah over to his view, who eventually accepted Iqbal as his mentor. Ahmed comments that in his annotations to Iqbal's letters, Jinnah expressed solidarity with Iqbal's view: that Indian Muslims required

12900-524: The possible marginalised status they might be reduced to in an independent Hindu–Muslim state. In that year, the Muslim League, led by Jinnah, passed the Lahore Resolution , demanding a separate nation for Indian Muslims. During the Second World War , the League gained strength while leaders of the Congress were imprisoned, and in the provincial elections held shortly after the war, it won most of

13029-490: The post deadlocked. The council, which had been expanded to 60 members as part of reforms enacted by Minto, recommended legislation to the Viceroy. Only officials could vote in the council; non-official members, such as Jinnah, had no vote. Throughout his legal career, Jinnah practised probate law (with many clients from India's nobility), and in 1911 introduced the Wakf Validation Act to place Muslim religious trusts on

13158-404: The post temporarily and Jinnah succeeded in getting the interim position. After his six-month appointment period, Jinnah was offered a permanent position on a 1,500 rupee per month salary. Jinnah politely declined the offer, stating that he planned to earn 1,500 rupees a day—a huge sum at that time—which he eventually did. Nevertheless, as Governor-General of Pakistan , he would refuse to accept

13287-416: The rest of Jinnah's life. He continued to borrow ideas "directly from Iqbal—including his thoughts on Muslim unity, on Islamic ideals of liberty, justice and equality, on economics, and even on practices such as prayers". In a speech in 1940, two years after the death of Iqbal, Jinnah expressed his preference for implementing Iqbal's vision for an Islamic Pakistan even if it meant he himself would never lead

13416-428: The seats reserved for Muslims. Ultimately, the Congress and the Muslim League could not reach a power-sharing formula that would allow the entirety of British India to be united as a single state following independence, leading all parties to agree instead to the independence of a Hindu -majority India, and for a predominantly Muslim state of Pakistan. As the first governor-general of Pakistan, Jinnah worked to establish

13545-497: The second 1967 RCD Cup and finished third. In 1969, they travelled to Iran to take part in a friendly tournament, in which they had a 2–1 win against Iraq and a record 7–0 defeat by Iran . This was before another disappointment at the 1969 and 1970 RCD Cup editions. Despite the game's growth in the 1960s, Pakistan did not actively participate in the Asian Games football tournaments held in 1962 , 1966 , and 1970 due to financial constraints. The World Cup qualifiers followed

13674-529: The second round for the first time. Following the victory in Islamabad, the Shaheens were drawn in a group with Saudi Arabia , Jordan , and Tajikistan . Being the 193rd ranked team, Pakistan were the lowest-ranked team in the qualifiers, and terminated the campaign losing all the games in the group. The Pakistan national team's home kit has always been a green shirt and white shorts. The colours are derived from

13803-500: The semi-finals. The team participated at the 2013 Philippine Peace Cup at the end of the year. For Pakistan's campaign for the 2018 FIFA World Cup , they were to face Yemen in Round 1 in the AFC qualifying section . In the first match, Pakistan lost 3–1. For the second match, Pakistan drew 0–0, eliminating Pakistan from the tournament on aggregate. Pakistan was suspended from all football activities by FIFA on 10 October 2017, after

13932-455: The senior team had slumped from 168 in 2003 to the lowest 201 in 2017. FIFA restored membership of PFF on 13 March 2018. Pakistan went to Bangladesh to take part in 2018 SAFF Cup which started in September, 2018 which was their first FIFA recognized tournament after a span of 3 years. Pakistan played its first match of the event against Nepal which ended in a 2–1 win. Pakistan lost its next match to hosts Bangladesh by 1–0 after conceding

14061-573: The stadium hosted its first tournament, which featured teams from former East Pakistan . During the 1960s, many foreign teams toured Karachi for friendly matches, including China in 1963, Indonesia in 1964, Neftçi PFK from the USSR in November 1964, along with some youth teams from the Soviet Union . The area possessed a unique footballing identity which was born in the slums of Orangi , Landhi , Korangi , Malir and Lyari , dominated by players from

14190-429: The team lost all matches at the 1992 AFC Asian Cup qualification and the 1992 Jordan International Tournament . After again ending unsuccessful at the 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification and their return to the 1993 ECO Cup (formerly RCD Cup), the team took part in the first SAFF Cup took place in Lahore in 1993, and the national team finished fourth, but at the 1993 South Asian Games , they were unable to get past

14319-561: The team, Zavisa managed to hold Bangladesh 0–0, Maldives 0–0 and Nepal 1–1 in the India-hosted SAFF Championship 2011 . However, they were unable to progress into the semi-finals and returned home. 2012's sole game was witnessed in November against Singapore , who thrashed Pakistan 4–0 at home. Pakistan started 2013 well, winning two games against Nepal with identical 1–0 margins. A 1–1 draw with Maldives followed, but with congested fixtures Pakistan ended up losing

14448-572: The teeth with dialectics , and insistent on the whole of his scheme". In 1918, Jinnah married his second wife Rattanbai Petit ("Ruttie"), 24 years his junior. She was the fashionable young daughter of his friend Sir Dinshaw Petit , and was part of an elite Parsi family of Bombay. There was great opposition to the marriage from Rattanbai's family and the Parsi community, as well as from some Muslim religious leaders. Rattanbai defied her family and nominally converted to Islam , adopting (though never using)

14577-529: The two parties failed. He put forth proposals that he hoped might satisfy a broad range of Muslims and reunite the League, calling for mandatory representation for Muslims in legislatures and cabinets. These became known as his Fourteen Points . He could not secure adoption of the Fourteen Points, as the League meeting in Delhi at which he hoped to gain a vote instead dissolved into chaotic argument. After Baldwin

14706-665: The year with defeats to Kyrgyzstan in the World Cup qualifiers. 2004 saw changes in Pakistan football, with a new administration in place by this time and a new national league up and running. A victory and a draw against India in a three match series, the final match ending 3–0 in favour to the Green Shirts , followed by the reach in the semi-finals of the 2005 SAFF Cup , losing against defending champion Bangladesh by 0–1 margin. The Pakistan team lost their first two Asian Cup qualifiers in 2006, in between which they took part in

14835-548: Was 200 nautical miles closer to Europe for shipping than Bombay . Jinnah was the second child; he had three brothers and three sisters, including his younger sister Fatima Jinnah . Jinnah was not fluent in Gujarati, his mother-tongue, nor in Urdu; he was more fluent in English. Except for Fatima, little is known of his siblings, where they settled or if they met with their brother as he advanced in his legal and political careers. As

14964-504: Was 70,000. According to All Pakistan Labour Federation's publication Productive Role of Trade Unions and Industrial Relations , being a member of Legislative Assembly, Jinnah pleaded forcefully for rights of workers and struggled for getting a "living wage and fair conditions" for them. He also played an important role in enactment of Trade Union Act of 1926 which gave trade union movement legal cover to organise themselves. In 1857, many Indians had risen in revolt against British rule. In

15093-525: Was a barrister, politician, and the founder of Pakistan . Jinnah served as the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until the inception of Pakistan on 14 August 1947 and then as the Republic of Pakistan 's first governor-general until his death. Born at Wazir Mansion in Karachi , Jinnah was trained as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn in London , England . Upon his return to India , he enrolled at

15222-414: Was after his case that Jinnah posted a successful record, becoming well known for his advocacy and legal logic. In 1908, his factional foe in the Indian National Congress , Bal Gangadhar Tilak , was arrested for sedition. Before Tilak unsuccessfully represented himself at trial, he engaged Jinnah in an attempt to secure his release on bail. Jinnah did not succeed, but obtained an acquittal for Tilak when he

15351-402: Was again opposed. The Aga Khan later wrote that it was "freakishly ironic" that Jinnah, who would lead the League to independence, "came out in bitter hostility toward all that I and my friends had done ... He said that our principle of separate electorates was dividing the nation against itself." In its earliest years, however, the League was not influential; Minto refused to consider it as

15480-414: Was always impeccably dressed in public. He came to own over 200 suits, which he wore with heavily starched shirts with detachable collars, and as a barrister took pride in never wearing the same silk tie twice. Even when he was dying, he insisted on being formally dressed, "I will not travel in my pyjamas." In his later years he was usually seen wearing a Karakul hat which subsequently came to be known as

15609-519: Was charged with sedition again in 1916. One of Jinnah's fellow barristers from the Bombay High Court remembered that "Jinnah's faith in himself was incredible"; he recalled that on being admonished by a judge with "Mr. Jinnah, remember that you are not addressing a third-class magistrate", Jinnah shot back, "My Lord, allow me to warn you that you are not addressing a third-class pleader." Another of his fellow barristers described him, saying: He

15738-450: Was controversially sacked and replaced by Bahrain's Mohammad Al-Shamlan , who acted as a coaching consultant to Shahzad Anwar in the 2013 SAFF Championship . The Shaheens lost their first game 1–0 to India after an own-goal from Samar Ishaq . Against hosts Nepal , Hassan Bashir scored an early goal, only to see 15-year-old Bimal Gharti Magar level things in injury-time. However, Pakistan beat Bangladesh 2–1 but failed to advance to

15867-472: Was defeated at the 1929 British parliamentary election , Ramsay MacDonald of the Labour Party became prime minister. MacDonald desired a conference of Indian and British leaders in London to discuss India's future, a course of action supported by Jinnah. Three Round Table Conferences followed over as many years, none of which resulted in a settlement. Jinnah was a delegate to the first two conferences, but

15996-506: Was influenced by 19th-century British liberalism , like many other future Indian independence leaders. His main intellectual references were peoples like Bentham , Mill , Spencer , and Comte . This political education included exposure to the idea of the democratic nation, and progressive politics. He became an admirer of the Parsi British Indian political leaders Dadabhai Naoroji and Sir Pherozeshah Mehta . Naoroji had become

16125-517: Was internationally recognised, and non-FIFA recognised Ashfaq Hussain Shah group, which formed a parallel PFF, coming into power by third-party interference through the PFF elections conducted by the Supreme Court . Pakistan were once again suspended from all football activities by FIFA on 7 April 2021. The suspension was lifted on 29 June 2022. Pakistan made their comeback by playing a friendly match against Nepal in November 2022, losing 0–1 in

16254-598: Was not invited to the last. He remained in Britain for most of the period 1930 through 1934, practising as a barrister before the Privy Council , where he dealt with a number of India-related cases. His biographers disagree over why he remained so long in Britain—Wolpert asserts that had Jinnah been made a Law Lord , he would have stayed for life, and that Jinnah alternatively sought a parliamentary seat. Early biographer Hector Bolitho denied that Jinnah sought to enter

16383-408: Was shouted down by the delegates, who passed Gandhi's proposal, pledging satyagraha until India was independent. Jinnah did not attend the subsequent League meeting, held in the same city, which passed a similar resolution. Because of the action of the Congress in endorsing Gandhi's campaign, Jinnah resigned from it, leaving all positions except in the Muslim League. The alliance between Gandhi and

16512-622: Was strained, and she did not come to Pakistan in his lifetime, but only for his funeral. The early 1930s saw a resurgence in Indian Muslim nationalism, which came to a head with the Pakistan Declaration . In 1933, Indian Muslims, especially from the United Provinces , began to urge Jinnah to return and take up again his leadership of the Muslim League, an organisation which had fallen into inactivity. He remained titular president of

16641-431: Was what God made him, a great pleader. He had a sixth sense: he could see around corners. That is where his talents lay ... he was a very clear thinker ... But he drove his points home—points chosen with exquisite selection—slow delivery, word by word. Jinnah was also a supporter of working class causes and an active trade unionist. He was elected President of All India Postal Staff Union in 1925 whose membership

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