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107-520: As part of its plans to achieve economic diversification by 2030, the Abu Dhabi Government drew up plans to launch a multibillion-dollar industrial park and ports operation on a greenfield site in Taweelah (adjacent to the newly built Khalifa Port ) which would become the emirate's first industrial free zone offering 100 per cent foreign ownership. By 2030, Kizad is expected to contribute up to 15% of

214-640: A salt works in China dates to approximately the same period. Salt was prized by the ancient Hebrews , Greeks , Romans , Byzantines , Hittites , Egyptians , and Indians . Salt became an important article of trade and was transported by boat across the Mediterranean Sea , along specially built salt roads , and across the Sahara on camel caravans . The scarcity and universal need for salt have led nations to go to war over it and use it to raise tax revenues. Salt

321-511: A dedicated cold storage distribution center across 382.9 thousand square feet in KIZAD. Emirate of Abu Dhabi The Emirate of Abu Dhabi is one of seven emirates that constitute the United Arab Emirates . It is the largest emirate, accounting for 87% of the nation's total land area or 67,340 km (26,000 sq mi). Abu Dhabi also has the second-largest population of

428-429: A dramatic rise in oil revenues. See the 1973 oil crisis . In 2023, Abu Dhabi had a nominal GDP of AED 1.02 trillion (US$ 277.9 billion), a nominal GDP per capita of US$ 84,900, and a government debt to GDP ratio of 16%. In 2022, the size of oil and mining trade increased by 54% and accounted for 48% of GDP. Construction was the next largest contributor at 7.9%, followed by the financial sector at 6.1%. In recent times,

535-438: A fertilizer, applying a moderate concentration helps avoid potential toxicity; typically, 1–3 grams (0.035–0.106 oz) per liter is considered safe and effective for most plants. Sodium chloride is one of the largest volume inorganic raw materials. It is a feedstock in the production of caustic soda and chlorine . These are used in the manufacture of PVC , paper pulp and many other inorganic and organic compounds. Salt

642-443: A healthy level of sodium intake of between 4 and 5 grams (equivalent to 10-13 g salt) a day. One of the two most prominent dietary risks for disability in the world are diets high in sodium. Only a small percentage of the salt manufactured in the world is used in food. The remainder is used in agriculture, water treatment, chemical production, de-icing, and other industrial use cases. In the practice of watering plants with salt as

749-422: A high sodium content and fill a similar role to table salt in western cultures. They are most often used for cooking rather than as table condiments. Human salt taste is detected by sodium taste receptors present in taste bud cells on the tongue. Human sensory taste testing studies have shown that proteolyzed forms of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) function as the human salt taste receptor. Table salt

856-510: A metaphor. Uses include the tale of how Lot's wife is turned into a pillar of salt when looking back at the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah as they are destroyed. In the New Testament , Jesus refers to his followers as the " salt of the earth ". In Aztec mythology, Huixtocihuatl was a fertility goddess who presided over salt and salt water. Salt is an auspicious substance in Hinduism and

963-461: A mildly "fishy" or "sea-air" odour, the latter from organobromine compounds . Sediments, the proportion of which varies with the source, give the salt a dull grey appearance. Since taste and aroma compounds are often detectable by humans in minute concentrations, sea salt may have a more complex flavour than pure sodium chloride when sprinkled on top of food. When salt is added during cooking however, these flavours would likely be overwhelmed by those of

1070-522: A salt spring in Lunca , Neamț County , Romania. Evidence indicates that Neolithic people of the Precucuteni Culture were boiling the salt-laden spring water through the process of briquetage to extract salt as far back as 6050 BC. The salt extracted from this operation may have directly correlated with the rapid growth of this society's population soon after production began. The harvest of salt from

1177-504: A salty bread or to add salt to the bread if this bread is unsalted when doing Kiddush for Shabbat . It is customary to spread some salt over the bread or to dip the bread in a little salt when passing the bread around the table after the Kiddush. To preserve the covenant between their people and God, Jews dip the Sabbath bread in salt. Salt plays a role within different Christian traditions. It

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1284-426: A scrubbing agent when combined with oil. Salt is present in most foods , but in naturally occurring foodstuffs such as meats, vegetables and fruit, it is present in very small quantities. It is often added to processed foods (such as canned foods and especially salted foods , pickled foods , and snack foods or other convenience foods ), where it functions as both a preservative and a flavouring . Dairy salt

1391-505: A virtually inexhaustible source of salt, and this abundance of supply means that reserves have not been calculated. The evaporation of seawater is the production method of choice in marine countries with high evaporation and low precipitation rates. Salt evaporation ponds are filled from the ocean and salt crystals can be harvested as the water dries up. Sometimes these ponds have vivid colours, as some species of algae and other micro-organisms thrive in conditions of high salinity. Away from

1498-439: A yellow colour. Folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects and anaemia, which affect young mothers, especially in developing countries. A lack of fluoride in the diet is the cause of a greatly increased incidence of dental caries . Fluoride salts can be added to table salt with the goal of reducing tooth decay, especially in countries that have not benefited from fluoridated toothpastes and fluoridated water. The practice

1605-520: Is GMT + 4 hours. Private vehicles, rideshares and taxis are the primary means of transportation in the city, although public buses, run by the Abu Dhabi Municipality , are available, mostly used by the lower-income population. There are bus routes to nearby towns such as Baniyas, Habashan and the garden city of the UAE, Al-Ain, among others. There is a newer service started in 2005 between Abu Dhabi and

1712-423: Is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl). When used in food, especially in granulated form, it is more formally called table salt . In the form of a natural crystalline mineral, salt is also known as rock salt or halite . Salt is essential for life in general (being the source of the essential dietary minerals sodium and chlorine ), and saltiness is one of the basic human tastes . Salt

1819-681: Is about 10 g per day, and it is higher than that in many countries in Eastern Europe and Asia. The high level of sodium in many processed foods has a major impact on the total amount consumed. In the United States, 75% of the sodium eaten comes from processed and restaurant foods, 11% from cooking and table use and the rest from what is found naturally in foodstuffs. Because consuming too much sodium increases risk of cardiovascular diseases , health organizations generally recommend that people reduce their dietary intake of salt. High sodium intake

1926-469: Is an important micronutrient for humans, and a deficiency of the element can cause lowered production of thyroxine ( hypothyroidism ) and enlargement of the thyroid gland ( endemic goitre ) in adults or cretinism in children. Iodized salt has been used to correct these conditions since 1924 and consists of table salt mixed with a minute amount of potassium iodide , sodium iodide , or sodium iodate . A small amount of dextrose may be added to stabilize

2033-561: Is associated with a greater risk of stroke , total cardiovascular disease and kidney disease . A reduction in sodium intake by 1,000 mg per day may reduce cardiovascular disease by about 30 percent. In adults and children with no acute illness, a decrease in the intake of sodium from the typical high levels reduces blood pressure. A low sodium diet results in a greater improvement in blood pressure in people with hypertension . The World Health Organization recommends that adults should consume less than 2,000 mg of sodium (which

2140-420: Is contained in 5   g of salt) per day. Guidelines by the United States recommend that people with hypertension, African Americans, and middle-aged and older adults should limit consumption to no more than 1,500 mg of sodium per day and meet the potassium recommendation of 4,700 mg/day with a healthy diet of fruits and vegetables. While reduction of sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg per day

2247-459: Is demonstrated to have been inhabited for over 7000 years. Modern Abu Dhabi traces its origins to the rise of an important tribal confederation, the Bani Yas , in the late 14th century, which also assumed control of Dubai . In the late 18th century Abu Dhabi was formed. In the early 19th century, Dubai and Abu Dhabi branches parted ways. The Emirate of Abu Dhabi was first established in 1540 after

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2354-419: Is dug out by the room and pillar method, where about half the material is left in place to support the upper levels. Extraction of Himalayan salt is expected to last 350 years at the present rate of extraction of around 385,000 tons per annum.The mine is also a major tourist attraction, receiving around a quarter of a million visitors a year. Salt has long held an important place in religion and culture. At

2461-693: Is either beneficial or harmful. Evidence shows a more complicated relationship between salt and cardiovascular disease. "The association between sodium consumption and cardiovascular disease or mortality is U-shaped, with increased risk at both high and low sodium intake." The findings showed that increased mortality from excessive salt intake was primarily associated with individuals with hypertension. The levels of increased mortality among those with restricted salt intake appeared to be similar regardless of blood pressure. This evidence shows that while those with hypertension should primarily focus on reducing sodium to recommended levels, all groups should seek to maintain

2568-605: Is held by the emir and members of the royal family, in which any citizen has the right to come and raise an issue of private or public interest. On the municipal level, each one has their local government under the umbrella of the Department of Municipal Affairs , which divides the emirate into three districts; the Abu Dhabi Capital District Municipality , the Western Region Municipality , and

2675-613: Is located in the oil-rich and strategic Arabian or Persian Gulf region. It adjoins the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Sultanate of Oman . Abu Dhabi is located in the far west and southwest part of the United Arab Emirates along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf between latitudes 22°40' and around 25° north and longitudes 51° and around 56° east. It borders the emirate of Dubai and emirate of Sharjah to its north. The total area of

2782-534: Is made up of just under 40% sodium by weight, so a 6   g serving (1   teaspoon) contains about 2,400   mg of sodium. Sodium serves a vital purpose in the human body: via its role as an electrolyte, it helps nerves and muscles to function correctly, and it is one factor involved in the osmotic regulation of water content in body organs ( fluid balance ). Most of the sodium in the Western diet comes from salt. The habitual salt intake in many Western countries

2889-583: Is mandatory in the rite of the Tridentine Mass . Salt is used in the third item (which includes an Exorcism ) of the Celtic Consecration ( cf. Gallican Rite ) that is employed in the consecration of a church, and it is permitted to be added to the water "where it is customary" in the Roman Catholic rite of Holy water. The Bible makes multiple mentions of salt , both of the mineral itself and as

2996-547: Is more common in some European countries where water fluoridation is not carried out. In France , 35% of the table salt sold contains added sodium fluoride . Unrefined sea salt contains small amounts of magnesium and calcium halides and sulfates , traces of algal products , salt-resistant bacteria and sediment particles. The calcium and magnesium salts confer a faintly bitter overtone, and they make unrefined sea salt hygroscopic (i.e., it gradually absorbs moisture from air if stored uncovered). Algal products contribute

3103-409: Is mostly sodium chloride (NaCl). Sea salt and mined salt may contain trace elements . Mined salt is often refined. Salt crystals are translucent and cubic in shape; they normally appear white but impurities may give them a blue or purple tinge. When dissolved in water sodium chloride separates into Na and Cl ions, and the solubility is 359 grams per litre. From cold solutions, salt crystallises as

3210-427: Is one of the oldest and most ubiquitous food seasonings , and is known to uniformly improve the taste perception of food, including otherwise unpalatable food. Salting , brining , and pickling are ancient and important methods of food preservation . Some of the earliest evidence of salt processing dates to around 6000 BC, when people living in the area of present-day Romania boiled spring water to extract salts;

3317-428: Is prepared by roasting salt in a bamboo container plugged with mud at both ends. This product absorbs minerals from the bamboo and the mud, and has been claimed to increase the anticlastogenic and antimutagenic properties of doenjang (a fermented bean paste). Kosher or kitchen salt has a larger grain size than table salt and is used in cooking. It can be useful for brining , in bread or pretzel making, and as

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3424-435: Is recommended by developed countries, one review recommended that sodium intake be reduced to at least 1,200 mg (contained in 3   g of salt) per day, as a further reduction in salt intake led to a greater fall in systolic blood pressure for all age groups and ethnicities. Another review indicated that there is inconsistent/insufficient evidence to conclude that reducing sodium intake to lower than 2,300 mg per day

3531-543: Is refined by treatment with chemicals that precipitate most impurities (largely magnesium and calcium salts). Multiple stages of evaporation are then applied. Some salt is produced using the Alberger process , which involves vacuum pan evaporation combined with the seeding of the solution with cubic crystals, and produces a grainy-type flake. The Ayoreo , an indigenous group from the Paraguayan Chaco , obtain their salt from

3638-610: Is the Arabic name of a particular species of native gazelle, the Arabian gazelle , that was once common in the Arabian region. Abu Dhabi means "the father of the Dhabi". The first use of the name goes back over 300 years. Since the origin of this name has been passed down from generation to generation through poems and legends , it is difficult to know the actual etymology of the name. It is thought that

3745-469: Is the largest lender bank in the emirate and the second-largest lender in the federation. NBAD has the largest market capitalization among UAE banks. The government has put in efforts to diversify the economy and invest in other areas such as the service and tourism industry. The capital city has seen various construction projects and the opening of shopping malls. The opening of the Emirates Palace marked

3852-409: Is used as a flux in the production of aluminium . For this purpose, a layer of melted salt floats on top of the molten metal and removes iron and other metal contaminants. It is used in the manufacture of soaps and glycerine , where it is used to saponify fats. As an emulsifier, salt is used in the manufacture of synthetic rubber , and another use is in the firing of pottery , when salt added to

3959-456: Is used extensively in cooking as a flavouring, and in cooking techniques such as with salt crusts and brining . The main sources of salt in the Western diet, apart from direct use, are bread and cereals, meat, and dairy products. In many East Asian cultures, salt is not traditionally used as a condiment. In its place, condiments such as soy sauce , fish sauce and oyster sauce tend to have

4066-460: Is used in ceremonies like house-warmings and weddings. In Jainism , devotees lay an offering of raw rice with a pinch of salt before a deity to signify their devotion and salt is sprinkled on a person's cremated remains before the ashes are buried. Salt is believed to ward off evil spirits in Mahayana Buddhist tradition, and when returning home from a funeral , a pinch of salt is thrown over

4173-441: Is used in many cuisines, and it is often found in salt shakers on diners' eating tables for their personal use on food. Salt is also an ingredient in many manufactured foodstuffs. Table salt is a refined salt containing about 97 to 99 percent sodium chloride . Usually, anticaking agents such as sodium aluminosilicate or magnesium carbonate are added to make it free-flowing. Iodized salt , containing potassium iodide ,

4280-477: Is used in religious ceremonies and has other cultural and traditional significance. Salt is processed from salt mines , and by the evaporation of seawater ( sea salt ) and mineral-rich spring water in shallow pools. The greatest single use for salt (sodium chloride) is as a feedstock for the production of chemicals. It is used to produce caustic soda and chlorine , and in the manufacture of products such as polyvinyl chloride , plastics , and paper pulp . Of

4387-617: Is used in the preparation of butter and cheese products. As a flavouring, salt enhances the taste of other foods by suppressing the bitterness of those foods making them more palatable and relatively sweeter. Before the advent of electrically powered refrigeration , salting was one of the main methods of food preservation . Thus, herring contains 67 mg sodium per 100 g, while kipper , its preserved form, contains 990 mg. Similarly, pork typically contains 63 mg while bacon contains 1,480 mg, and potatoes contain 7 mg but potato crisps 800 mg per 100 g. Salt

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4494-434: Is widely available. Some people put a desiccant , such as a few grains of uncooked rice or a saltine cracker , in their salt shakers to absorb extra moisture and help break up salt clumps that may otherwise form. Some table salt sold for consumption contains additives that address a variety of health concerns, especially in the developing world. The identities and amounts of additives vary from country to country. Iodine

4601-570: The Committee on Toxicity in 1988. Other anticaking agents sometimes used include tricalcium phosphate , calcium or magnesium carbonates, fatty acid salts ( acid salts ), magnesium oxide , silicon dioxide , calcium silicate , sodium aluminosilicate and calcium aluminosilicate . Both the European Union and the United States Food and Drug Administration permitted the use of aluminium in

4708-682: The Eastern Region Municipality . Although the emirate is diversifying its economy, oil is the primary source government funding. Excess reserves are managed by the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority , Mubadala and the Abu Dhabi Holding Company, who invest to diversify the domestic economy and in markets abroad. The extraordinary increase in population in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi during the past half-century has made

4815-613: The German word Salz , salt. Hallstatt was the site of the world's first salt mine . The town gave its name to the Hallstatt culture that began mining for salt in the area in about 800 BC. Around 400 BC, the townsfolk, who had previously used pickaxes and shovels , began open pan salt making . During the first millennium BC, Celtic communities grew rich trading salt and salted meat to Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome in exchange for wine and other luxuries. The word salary comes from

4922-672: The Latin word for salt. The reason for this is unknown; a persistent modern claim that the Roman Legions were sometimes paid in salt is baseless. The word salad literally means "salted", and comes from the ancient Roman practice of salting leaf vegetables . Wars have been fought over salt. Venice won a war with Genoa over the product, and it played a role in the American Revolution . Cities on overland trade routes grew rich by levying duties , and towns like Liverpool flourished on

5029-413: The dihydrate NaCl·2H 2 O. Solutions of sodium chloride have very different properties from those of pure water; the freezing point is −21.12 °C (−6.02 °F) for 23.31 wt% of salt, and the boiling point of saturated salt solution is around 108.7 °C (227.7 °F). Salt is essential to the health of humans and other animals, and it is one of the five basic taste sensations . Salt

5136-797: The obsidian trade in Anatolia in the Neolithic Era . Salt was included among funeral offerings found in ancient Egyptian tombs from the third millennium BC, as were salted birds, and salt fish. From about 2800 BC, the Egyptians began exporting salt fish to the Phoenicians in return for Lebanon cedar , glass, and the dye Tyrian purple ; the Phoenicians traded Egyptian salted fish and salt from North Africa throughout their Mediterranean trade empire. Herodotus described salt trading routes across Libya back in

5243-450: The tanning of hides, the preservation of meat and fish and the canning of meat and vegetables. Food-grade salt accounts for only a small part of salt production in industrialized countries (7% in Europe), although worldwide, food uses account for 17.5% of total production. In 2018, total world production of salt was 300 million tonnes , the top six producers being China (68 million),

5350-598: The 5th century BC. In the early years of the Roman Empire, roads were built for the transportation of salt from the salt imported at Ostia to the capital. In Africa, salt was used as currency south of the Sahara, and slabs of rock salt were used as coins in Abyssinia . The Tuareg have traditionally maintained routes across the Sahara especially for the transportation of salt by Azalai (salt caravans). The caravans still cross

5457-605: The British and Ottomans resolved the long-standing conflict between Qatar and Abu Dhabi. The Emirate at its greatest extent stretched from Sohar, Oman to Al Hasa, Saudi Arabia , during the wars of the 3rd & 4th Destruction of Doha where the Emirate declared war on the Ottoman Empire and Qatar over a dispute. Contrary to popular belief, the emirate & the other 6 emirates weren’t under Omani rule, instead being independent self governing emirates. The name Omani Coast refers to

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5564-560: The Emirate borders the western fringes of the Hajar Mountains . Hafeet Mountain , Abu Dhabi's highest elevation and sole mountain, rising 1,100–1,400 m (3,600–4,600 ft), is located south of Al-Ain City. Land cultivation and irrigation for agriculture and forestation over the past decade has increased the size of "green" areas in the emirate to about 5% of the total land area, including parks and roadside plantations. About 1.2% of

5671-422: The Emirate is 67,340 square kilometres (26,000 square miles), occupying about 87% of the total area of the UAE, excluding islands. The territorial waters of the Emirate embrace about 200 islands off its 700 km (430 miles) coastline. The topography of the Emirate is dominated by low-lying sandy terrain dotted with sand dunes exceeding 300 m (980 ft) in height in some areas southwards. The eastern part of

5778-582: The Emirate of Abu Dhabi has continuously contributed around 60% of the GDP of the United Arab Emirates, while its population constitutes only 34% of the total UAE population according to the 2005 census. Before the area got the name Abu Dhabi, it was known as Milh , which means salt in Arabic, probably because of the salt water in the area. Milh is still the name of one of the islands in Abu Dhabi. "Dhabi"

5885-564: The Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The first was the establishment of the United Arab Emirates in December 1971, with Abu Dhabi as its initially temporary political and administrative capital. The second was the sharp increase in oil prices following the Yom Kippur War , which accompanied a change in the relationship between the oil exporting countries in the Middle East and foreign oil companies, leading to

5992-534: The Emirate's total crude oil exports. In 2011, the Emirate exported 10.0 million metric tons of refined petroleum products, of which the Netherlands bought 16.9 per cent, followed by Japan, which purchased 13.9 per cent. One of the main oil pipelines is the Habshan–Fujairah oil pipeline . The Emirate's LNG exports increased by AED 2,973.0 million in 2011 compared with 2010, reaching AED 17,128.2 million. Japan topped

6099-425: The Emirate's weather is the high rate of evaporation of water due to several factors, namely high temperature, wind speed, and low rainfall. The oasis city of Al Ain, about 150 km (93 mi) away, bordering Oman, regularly records the highest summer temperatures in the country; however, the dry desert air and cooler evenings make it a traditional retreat from the intense summer heat and year-round humidity of

6206-457: The UK the recommended iodine content of iodized salt is 10–22 ppm. Sodium ferrocyanide , yellow prussiate of soda, is sometimes added to salt as an anticaking agent . Such anticaking agents have been added since at least 1911 when magnesium carbonate was first added to salt to make it flow more freely. The safety of sodium ferrocyanide as a food additive was found to be provisionally acceptable by

6313-490: The United States (42 million), India (29 million), Germany (13 million), Canada (13 million) and Australia (12 million). The manufacture of salt is one of the oldest chemical industries. A major source of salt is seawater, which has a salinity of approximately 3.5%. This means that there are about 35 g (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts , predominantly sodium ( Na ) and chloride ( Cl ) ions , per kilogram (2.2 lbs) of water. The world's oceans are

6420-429: The annual global production of around three hundred million tonnes , only a small percentage is used for human consumption. Other uses include water conditioning processes, de-icing highways, and agricultural use. Edible salt is sold in forms such as sea salt and table salt, the latter of which usually contains an anti-caking agent and may be iodised to prevent iodine deficiency . As well as its use in cooking and at

6527-538: The annual per capita gross domestic product amounted to AED 380.1 thousand in 2011. The total fixed capital formation was AED 199,001 million in 2011, while the compensation of employees amounted to AED 124,960 million in the same year. The main activities contributing to economic growth (GDP at constant prices) in 2011 were "Mining and quarrying" (including crude oil and natural gas), "Financial and insurance" and "Manufacturing" with increases of 9.4 per cent, 10.5 per cent and 9.8 per cent respectively. Commodity imports through

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6634-674: The ash produced by burning the timber of the Indian salt tree ( Maytenus vitis-idaea ) and other trees. The largest mine operated by underground workings in the world is the Sifto mine, located mostly 550 meters below Lake Huron, in Goderich, Ontario (Canada). About seven million tons of salt are extracted from it annually. The Khewra Salt Mine in Pakistan has nineteen storeys, eleven of which are underground, and 400 km (250 mi) of passages. The salt

6741-565: The assistance of the British, Zayed became the new ruler. With the announcement by the UK in 1968 that it would withdraw from the area of the Persian Gulf by 1971, Sheikh Zayed became the main driving force behind the formation of the UAE. After the Emirates gained independence in 1971, oil wealth continued to flow to the area, and traditional mud-brick huts were rapidly replaced with banks, boutiques and modern highrises. The United Arab Emirates

6848-650: The availability of salt has been pivotal to civilization. What is now thought to have been the first city in Europe is Solnitsata , in Bulgaria , which was a salt mine, providing the area now known as the Balkans with salt since 5400 BC. Salt was the best-known food preservative, especially for meat, for many thousands of years. A very ancient salt-works operation has been discovered at the Poiana Slatinei archaeological site next to

6955-651: The capital city. The emirate's political form is an absolutist, hereditary monarchy. The current ruler of the emirate is Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan , who began his rein on 14 May 2022, following the death of his brother Sheikh Khalifa . The ruler of Abu Dhabi is traditionally also elected as the president of the UAE by the Federal Supreme Council , a custom that began with the UAE's first president, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan . Qasr al-Hosn

7062-400: The coast natives lost their previous profits; as of the late 1950s, sea salt was still the currency best appreciated in the interior. Salzburg , Hallstatt , and Hallein lie within 17 km (11 mi) of each other on the river Salzach in central Austria in an area with extensive salt deposits. Salzach means "salt river" while Salzburg means "salt castle", both taking their names from

7169-452: The coast of Abu Dhabi city, which was occupied mainly during the summer months. Most dwellings in Abu Dhabi city were, at this time, constructed of palm fronds ( barasti ), with the wealthier families occupying mud huts . These businesses were very profitable and a strong source of income for the local Dhabyanis, until cultured pearls were invented in the early 19th century in Japan which caused

7276-592: The commercial city of Dubai (about 150 km (93 miles) away). The government is planning to build a railway in Abu Dhabi. All private and public schools in the emirate come under the authority of the Abu Dhabi Education Council , while other emirates continue to work under the Federal Ministry of Education. Schools and universities in Abu Dhabi: Salt In common usage, salt

7383-490: The crew, providing soldiers as extras as well as aircraft that appear in the film. Production designer Jeffrey Beecroft made this comment: "I’ve shot a lot of military stuff with Michael, but I never had the ability to have six Apache [helicopters], 10 Black Hawks and soldiers". The Emirate is divided into three municipal regions. The capital city Abu Dhabi has seen new construction of modern high rises, tall office and apartment buildings, and busy shops. Other urban centres in

7490-444: The desert from southern Niger to Bilma , although much of the trade now takes place by truck. Each camel takes two bales of fodder and two of trade goods northwards and returns laden with salt pillars and dates. In Gabon, before the arrival of Europeans, the coast people carried on a remunerative trade with those of the interior by the medium of sea salt. This was gradually displaced by the salt that Europeans brought in sacks, so that

7597-486: The desert interior and areas of higher elevation, which together make up the topography of the Emirate. Abu Dhabi receives scant rainfall but totals vary greatly from year to year. Seasonal northerly winds blow across the country, helping to ameliorate the weather, when they are not laden with dust, in addition to the brief moisture-laden south-easterly winds. The winds often vary between southerly, south-easterly, westerly, northerly and northwesterly. Another characteristic of

7704-596: The east and west, and its intermodal infrastructure linking sea, air, roads and rail, gives investors easy and efficient access to over 4.5 billion consumers within four time zones. For logistics operations, firms based in the KIZAD Logistics Park (KLP) enjoy facilities including high-spec pre-built warehouses spread over 1.3 million square feet, land leases for custom projects, and light industrial units for improving their operational efficiency. KIZAD's anchor investor, Emirates Aluminium (EMAL), which aims to be one of

7811-459: The economy in general. A 2019 report stated that the Film Commission provides "30% cashback on production and post-production spend in the Emirate". As a result, film production teams have shot many scenes in Abu Dhabi and in nearby areas, including Mission: Impossible – Fallout , War Machine , and in 2018, 6 Underground . For the filming of the latter movie, the UAE military worked with

7918-467: The emirate are Al-Ain, Baniyas and Ruwais. Al-Ain is an agglomeration of several villages scattered around a desert oasis; today it is the site of the national university, UAEU. In addition, Al-Ain is billed as the "Garden City" of the UAE. Zayed International Airport (AUH) and Al Ain International Airport (AAN) serve the emirate. The older AUH airport was at Al Bateen Airport. The local time

8025-696: The emirate's non-oil GDP . Besides its proximity to the state-of-the-art Khalifa Port , the industrial zone is located almost equidistant between Abu Dhabi and Dubai , with extended frontage along the E11 Highway connecting the two cities. An additional arterial roadway is planned, linking Kizad to Al Ain , the UAE's largest inland city. In addition, these roads link the zone to three major international airports – Abu Dhabi International Airport (35 km (22 miles)), Al Maktoum International Airport (52 km (32 miles)), and Dubai International Airport (85 km (53 miles)). KEZAD's strategic location linking

8132-475: The emirate. The Executive Council includes the chairpersons of Abu Dhabi government departments, who often also head Abu Dhabi state-owned companies and sovereign wealth funds. Abu Dhabi Police is the emirate's primary law enforcement agency and has its own judicial system that is independent from the federal judiciary. Although no elected parliament exists, the traditional majlis is a form of popular consultation and political participation. The open assembly

8239-439: The emirate’s location within the historical and cultural region of Oman, and not the Sultanate of Muscat & Oman . Abu Dhabi was a base for the tribe to trade, dive for pearls, and for other maritime activities. Into the late-19th century, the economy of Abu Dhabi continued to flourish mainly by camel herding, production of dates and vegetables at the inland oases of Al-Ain and Liwa , and fishing and pearl diving off

8346-569: The export of salt extracted from the salt mines of Cheshire . Various governments have at different times imposed salt taxes on their peoples. The voyages of Christopher Columbus are said to have been financed from salt production in southern Spain, and the oppressive salt tax in France was one of the causes of the French Revolution . After being repealed, this tax was reimposed by Napoleon when he became emperor to pay for his foreign wars , and

8453-698: The fall of the Jabrids as the Emirate of Al Dhafrah. It was ruled by the Bani Yas , who are originally from the Bani Hilal tribe. Their rule in Al Dhafrah was cemented by the construction of the Al Dhafrah fort in 1543. Around 1761, the tribe discovered freshwater sources on Abu Dhabi Island , which lead them to establish the Abu Dhabi Emirate. From 1881 to 1893, the emirate, under Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan ,

8560-478: The food ingredients. The refined salt industry cites scientific studies saying that raw sea and rock salts do not contain enough iodine salts to prevent iodine deficiency diseases . Salts have diverse mineralities depending on their source, giving each a unique flavour. Fleur de sel , a natural sea salt from the surface of evaporating brine in salt pans, has a distinctive flavour varying with its source. In traditional Korean cuisine , so-called " bamboo salt "

8667-435: The furnace vaporises before condensing onto the surface of the ceramic material, forming a strong glaze . When drilling through loose materials such as sand or gravel, salt may be added to the drilling fluid to provide a stable "wall" to prevent the hole collapsing. There are many other processes in which salt is involved. These include its use as a mordant in textile dying, to regenerate resins in water softening, for

8774-580: The increase in the population growth of citizens is the increase in naturalization (before 1971, and later from other UAE emirates), while immigration constitutes the main factor in increasing the population overall. The resident population of the Abu Dhabi Emirate exceeded 2 million people in 2011. In mid-year 2011 the estimated population in Abu Dhabi Region was 1.31 million (61.8%), Al Ain Region 0.58 million (27.6%), and Al Gharbia 0.23 million (10.6%), making

8881-640: The iodine. Iodine deficiency affects about two billion people around the world and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities . Iodized table salt has significantly reduced disorders of iodine deficiency in countries where it is used. The amount of iodine and the specific iodine compound added to salt varies. In the United States , the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends 150 micrograms of iodine per day for both men and women. US iodized salt contains 46–77 ppm (parts per million), whereas in

8988-412: The latter two compounds. In "doubly fortified salt", both iodide and iron salts are added. The latter alleviates iron deficiency anaemia , which interferes with the mental development of an estimated 40% of infants in the developing world. A typical iron source is ferrous fumarate . Another additive, especially important for pregnant women, is folic acid (vitamin B 9 ), which gives the table salt

9095-509: The list of importers by 98.4 per cent of the LNG exports value, followed by India by 1.0 per cent in 2011. The Emirate imported 828,093.9 million cubic feet of natural gas in 2011, at a daily average of 2,268.8 million cubic feet. The inflation rate in 2011 was 1.9 per cent. This was a result of an increase in the CPI from 119.3 points in 2010 to 121.6 points in 2011. The National Bank of Abu Dhabi (NBAD)

9202-517: The name came about because of the abundance of gazelles in the area, and a popular folk tale about the founding of the city of Abu Dhabi involving Sheikh Shakhbut bin Dhiyab Al Nahyan . Parts of Abu Dhabi were settled millennia ago, and its early history fits the nomadic herding and fishing pattern typical of the broader region. The Emirate shares the historical region of Al-Buraimi or Tawam (which includes modern-day Al Ain ) with Oman, and

9309-409: The new oil royalties would last, took a cautious approach, preferring to save the revenue rather than investing it in development. His brother, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan , saw that oil wealth had the potential to transform Abu Dhabi. The ruling Nahyan family decided that Sheikh Zayed should replace his brother as ruler and carry out his vision of developing the country. On August 6, 1966, with

9416-495: The opening of the most expensive hotel ever built. The annual Abu Dhabi Grand Prix is a Formula One motor race held in the capital city, which further attracts tourists. Apart from the capital city, the Abu Dhabi Desert Challenge is held in the countryside and the tourism board is trying to highlight other places in the emirate. The Emirate encourages major international film productions which boost employment and

9523-418: The pearl trade to crash. This continued until the late 1950s, when oil was discovered in the emirate & its coastlines. In 1939, Sheikh Shakhbut Bin-Sultan Al Nahyan granted petroleum concessions, and oil was first found in 1958. At first, oil money had a marginal impact. A few low-rise concrete buildings were erected, and the first paved road was completed in 1961, but Sheikh Shakbut, uncertain whether

9630-493: The ports of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi were valued at AED 116.4 billion in 2011 compared with AED 86.6 billion in 2010. The main imports during 2011 were machinery and base metals, which accounted for 50.7 per cent of the total value of imports. The United States of America was the main country for imports, from which the Emirate received imports worth AED 13.4 billion. Non-oil exports were valued at AED 11.5 billion, with transport equipment and base metals contributing 61.5 per cent of

9737-503: The sea, salt is extracted from the vast sedimentary deposits which have been laid down over the millennia from the evaporation of seas and lakes. These sources are either mined directly, producing rock salt, or are extracted by pumping water into the deposit. In either case, the salt may be purified by mechanical evaporation of brine. Traditionally, purification was achieved in shallow open pans that were heated to accelerate evaporation. Vacuum -based methods are also employed. The raw salt

9844-407: The seven emirates. In mid-2016, the emirate had a population of 2,908,000, with 551,500 being Emirati citizens, accounting for around 19% of the population. In 2023, the emirate's population had grown to 3,789,860. The city of Abu Dhabi , after which the emirate is named, is the capital of both the emirate and the federation. In the early 1970s, two important developments influenced the status of

9951-403: The site. In a March 2014, media interview, KIZAD's then CEO, Samir Chaturvedi, stated the industrial zone will hand over pre-built warehouses spread across more than one million square feet in the newly developed Kizad Logistics Park (KLP) to tenants later that month. The interview followed on from the news that major UAE supermarket chain, Spinneys , had inked a 50-year deal to build and operate

10058-443: The size, structure and distribution of the population a key concern for future development. The population of Abu Dhabi reached 1.968 million in mid-2010, with an average annual growth rate of 9.6% since 1960 - among the highest in the world. The total population has increased 99 times in 50 years. The number of citizens increased 39 times and Non-citizens 173 times in the half-century from 1960 to 2010. The most important reason behind

10165-402: The southern part of the Emirate, giving its climate an arid nature characterised by high temperatures throughout the year, and a very hot summer. The Emirate's high summer (June to August) temperatures are associated with high relative humidity, especially in coastal areas. Abu Dhabi has warm winters with occasionally low temperatures. The air temperatures show variations between the coastal strip,

10272-648: The spread of civilization, salt became one of the world's main trading commodities. It was of high value to the ancient Hebrews, the Greeks, the Romans, the Byzantines, the Hittites and other peoples of antiquity. In the Middle East, salt was used to seal an agreement ceremonially, and the ancient Hebrews made a " covenant of salt " with God and sprinkled salt on their offerings to show their trust in him. An ancient practice in time of war

10379-487: The surface of Xiechi Lake near Yuncheng in Shanxi , China, dates back to at least 6000 BC, making it one of the oldest verifiable saltworks. There is more salt in animal tissues, such as meat, blood, and milk, than in plant tissues. Nomads who subsist on their flocks and herds do not eat salt with their food, but agriculturalists, feeding mainly on cereals and vegetable matter, need to supplement their diet with salt. With

10486-623: The table, salt is present in many processed foods. Sodium is an essential element for human health via its role as an electrolyte and osmotic solute . However, excessive salt consumption increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension . Such health effects of salt have long been studied. Accordingly, numerous world health associations and experts in developed countries recommend reducing consumption of popular salty foods. The World Health Organization recommends that adults consume less than 2,000 mg of sodium, equivalent to 5 grams of salt, per day. All through history,

10593-528: The time of Brahmanic sacrifices, in Hittite rituals and during festivals held by Semites and Greeks at the time of the new moon , salt was thrown into a fire where it produced crackling noises. The ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans invoked their gods with offerings of salt and water and some people think this to be the origin of Holy Water in the Christian faith. In Judaism , it is recommended to have either

10700-415: The total land area is used for agriculture. A small part of the land area is covered by mountains, containing several caves. The coastal area contains pockets of wetland and mangrove colonies. Abu Dhabi also has dozens of islands, mostly small and uninhabited, some of which have been designated as sanctuaries for wildlife. The emirate is located in the tropical dry region. The Tropic of Cancer runs through

10807-579: The total mid-year population for the Abu Dhabi Emirate 2.12 million. In Abu Dhabi, fertility is higher than in most developed regions of the world, and mortality remains extremely low. In 2011, Crude Birth Rates and Crude Death Rates among Citizens were 15.1 births per 1,000 people and 1.4 deaths per 1,000 people respectively. (aged 15 – 49 years) Abu Dhabi GDP estimates in 2011 amounted to AED 806,031 million at current prices, compared with AED 620,316 million at current prices in 2010. This represents an annual growth rate of 29.9 per cent in 2011. Accordingly,

10914-439: The total. Canada was the top destination of Abu Dhabi non-oil exports, receiving goods worth AED 2.6 billion from the Emirate in 2011. Mina' Zayid is the main port of Abu Dhabi through which the goods flow. Al-Ain has one of the few remaining traditional camels souqs in the country, near an IKEA store. The Emirate exported 747.2 million barrels of crude oil in 2010. Japan, the top importer, received around 35.6 per cent of

11021-726: The world's largest single-site Aluminium smelters, began operations in 2009. It currently produces 800,000 tons of Aluminium at Kizad and with increasing demand for Aluminium, the local market will reach 1.3 million tons with the inauguration of its phase two very soon. According to media reports, KIZAD could lead to the creation of more than 150,000 jobs due to a deal signed with more than 50 local and international companies. By late 2013, these logistics and heavy industry manufacturing investors included Bauer, KSB , Al Braik Investments LLC, Palletco, Brasil Foods (BRF), City Pharmacy, and Emirates Calcium Carbonate Factory which all signed up long-term leases at Kizad and began constructing facilities on

11128-544: Was salting the earth : scattering salt around in a defeated city to prevent plant growth. The Bible tells the story of King Abimelech who was ordered by God to do this at Shechem , and various texts claim that the Roman general Scipio Aemilianus Africanus ploughed over and sowed the city of Carthage with salt after it was defeated in the Third Punic War (146 BC). Salt may have been used for barter in connection with

11235-506: Was embroiled in a fierce war with Qatar . This culminated in the Battle of Khannour near the village of Maza'a from January 1889 to February 1889, which extended to several regions within the emirate, including Liwa , Al Dhafra and Al Ain. The emirate also had several victories over Qatar . Abu Dhabi demolished the capital, Doha, twice and occupied the broader Al Hasa region after ottoman intervention. In 1893, an agreement jointly brokered by

11342-456: Was not finally abolished until 1946. In 1930, Mahatma Gandhi led a crowd of 100,000 protestors on the "Dandi March" or " Salt Satyagraha ", during which they made their own salt from the sea as a demonstration of their opposition to the colonial salt tax . This act of civil disobedience inspired numerous Indians and transformed the Indian independence movement into a national struggle. Salt

11449-532: Was the palace-fort residence of the ruler and the emirate's seat of government from ca. 1760/1790 to 1966, and later became a museum. The current crown prince of Abu Dhabi is Sheikh Khalid, a son of the current ruler; the crown prince is assisted in his duties by the Crown Prince's Court , or Diwan. The crown prince traditionally heads the Abu Dhabi Executive Council , which acts as the government of

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