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55-616: KOTA-TV (channel 3) is a television station in Rapid City, South Dakota , United States, affiliated with ABC . It is owned by Gray Television alongside MeTV affiliate KHME (channel 23) and low-power Fox affiliate KEVN-LD (channel 7). The stations share studios on Skyline Drive in Rapid City, where KOTA-TV's transmitter is also located. KOTA-TV operates two full-power satellite stations . KHSD-TV (channel 11) in Lead, South Dakota , serves

110-480: A barter in some cases. Special temporary authority Special Temporary Authority ( STA ) 74  CFR 73.1635 in U.S. broadcast law is a type of broadcast license which temporarily allows a broadcast station to operate outside of its normal technical or legal parameters. In the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) station database (CDBS), broadcast STA applications have

165-995: A full-power license, KNBN (channel 21), in May 2000. USA Networks (the former Silver King Communications), through its USA Broadcasting subsidiary, acquired Blackstar, LLC outright in 1998 as part of a larger deal between USA and Paxson Communications that saw USA take control of Atlanta 's WNGM-TV from Paxson and Paxson buying Portland's KBSP-TV from Blackstar. USA mainly acquired Blackstar in order to incorporate its Orlando station, WBSF , into its planned "CityVision" group of independent stations , and soon sold KEVN-TV and KIVV-TV to Mission TV, LLC, an independent private company led by California attorney William Reyner, who at that time held partial stakes in fellow Fox affiliates KKFX-LP in Santa Barbara, California , and Smith Broadcasting -owned WFFF-TV in Burlington, Vermont . (Mission TV

220-419: A "silent STA", which can be granted for up to six months. The FCC typically required that silence be for reasons beyond the operator's control, such as total equipment failure or loss of programming, and asked for plans to return the station to air. The commission has since started to grant silent STAs for financial reasons. Stations that are silent can also apply for an operational STA to resume broadcasting from

275-436: A Fox affiliate, the station changed its branding to "Black Hills Fox," removing the over-the-air channel number from KEVN's brand identity. On December 18, 2013, it was announced that Mission TV would sell KEVN-TV and KIVV-TV to Gray Television for $ 7.75 million. Upon the completion of the sale on May 1, 2014, KEVN was Gray's first standalone full power Fox affiliate. On September 14, 2015, Gray announced that it would purchase

330-600: A Fox affiliate; the affiliation change happened in July 1996. Prior to this, Fox programming was seen in the market primarily via cable carriage of Denver 's KDVR or the national Foxnet service, while KOTA-TV had a secondary affiliation with Fox since 1994 to carry the network's coverage of the National Football League . NBC programming moved to a low-power station, KNBN-LP (initially on channel 24, now KKRA-LD ; later on channel 27, now KWBH-LD ); its owners would obtain

385-584: A KOTA-TV satellite since 1966. Channel 7 debuted as KRSD-TV on January 21, 1958. It was owned by The Heart of the Black Hills Stations, a company controlled by John, Eli, and Henry Daniels, along with KRSD radio (1340 AM, now KTOQ ). The station was a primary NBC affiliate, sharing ABC with the original KOTA-TV. Two years later, in January 1960, KRSD-TV started a satellite station on channel 5 in Lead, KDSJ-TV;

440-400: A joint-primary affiliation with both CBS and ABC in 1965, dropped CBS for NBC in 1970, lost ABC in 1976, and carried a secondary CBS affiliation from 1976 until 1981. KOTA became an ABC affiliate in 1984, and also carried some Fox programming from 1994 to 1996. The KHSD-TV call letters and virtual channel 11 were previously associated with the station now known as KQME (channel 5), which had been

495-415: A much shorter wavelength, and thus requires a shorter antenna, but also higher power. North American stations can go up to 5000 kW ERP for video and 500 kW audio, or 1000 kW digital. Low channels travel further than high ones at the same power, but UHF does not suffer from as much electromagnetic interference and background "noise" as VHF, making it much more desirable for TV. Despite this, in

550-510: A new channel 7 in Rapid City and a new channel 5 in Lead were granted to Dakota Broadcasting Company, owned by a group of Rapid City businessmen, in April 1975; that November, the stations were assigned the call signs KEVN-TV and KIVV-TV. Dakota Broadcasting soon announced a planned July 6, 1976, debut; meanwhile, financial difficulties prompted Heart of the Black Hills Stations to finally shut KRSD-TV and KDSJ-TV down for good on February 29, 1976, leaving

605-611: A prefix of BSTA (general), BLSTA (legal), BESTA (engineering), or BLESTA (both). STAs can also be issued for other telecommunication services under FCC regulation . Often an STA is necessary due to an unforeseen event. A station operator must exhibit why the STA is necessary and serves the public good. A common reason to apply for STA is an equipment failure. In case a station cannot use its licensed antenna or transmission system, it can immediately continue operations using any available antenna or operating parts of existing system, as long as an STA

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660-576: A secondary affiliation with CBS until 1981, when K15AC (channel 15), a translator of KPLO-TV from Reliance (itself a satellite of KELO-TV), took on the CBS affiliation. K15AC was upgraded to full-power operations in 1988 as KCLO-TV , a semi-satellite of KELO. On June 24, 1984, KEVN took the NBC affiliation, while KOTA-TV took over KEVN's old ABC affiliation. NBC had finally lost patience with KOTA-TV's local preemptions (NBC had long been less tolerant of preemptions than

715-618: A temporary facility, to avoid losing its license after one continuous year of silence. The one-year limit was written into the Telecommunications Act of 1996 and cannot be overridden by the FCC due to extenuating circumstances. This silent/operational STA process presents a loophole in that it can be used to work around the Telecommunications Act indefinitely, and such STAs are normally granted with little oversight. In January 2018,

770-474: A temporary site for several weeks before going silent for the rest of the year. Station owner Birach Broadcasting Corporation has claimed it is stuck with the temporary facilities as it has been unable to get zoning approval for a new transmitter site. An STA can also be used for special events as a Restricted Service Licence is in the U.K. , however this is rare. A market has developed around proprietary devices that provide live audio or video to attendees of

825-634: A total of 9 + 1 ⁄ 2 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 hours each weekday and one hour each on Saturdays and Sundays). The station is among the few Fox affiliates to carry a 6 p.m. newscast and one of the only Fox stations to offer a newscast in that timeslot that does not also produce a 5 p.m. newscast. The station also does not produce any newscasts during morning or midday timeslots, although KEVN rebroadcasts its hour-long 9 p.m. news program at 6 a.m. on weekday mornings. Early in KEVN's Fox affiliation,

880-585: A translator of Cheyenne, Wyoming Fox affiliate KLWY (ABC is provided via a simulcast of Cheyenne's low-power ABC affiliate KKTQ-LD on channel 27.2; which in turn is a semi-satellite of KTWO-TV in Casper ). When KQME was being launched as KHSD-TV, KOTA-TV contracted with KDIX-TV in Dickinson, North Dakota (now KXMA-TV ) to provide programming for that station, as KDIX was close enough to KHSD that its engineers would be able to pick up KHSD's signal. Consequently, KDIX

935-425: A variety of ways to generate revenue from television commercials . They may be an independent station or part of a broadcasting network , or some other structure. They can produce some or all of their programs or buy some broadcast syndication programming for or all of it from other stations or independent production companies. Many stations have some sort of television studio , which on major-network stations

990-496: Is non-commercial educational (NCE) and considered public broadcasting . To avoid concentration of media ownership of television stations, government regulations in most countries generally limit the ownership of television stations by television networks or other media operators, but these regulations vary considerably. Some countries have set up nationwide television networks, in which individual television stations act as mere repeaters of nationwide programs . In those countries,

1045-470: Is broadcast via terrestrial radio waves. A group of television stations with common ownership or affiliation are known as a TV network and an individual station within the network is referred to as O&O or affiliate , respectively. Because television station signals use the electromagnetic spectrum, which in the past has been a common, scarce resource, governments often claim authority to regulate them. Broadcast television systems standards vary around

1100-401: Is filed for within 24 hours. An AM station may use a random wire antenna if necessary. AM stations operating directionally are limited to 25 percent of their licensed power if their directional array fails and they must operate non-directionally under STA. If a station is evicted from its transmitter site or must move for another reason, it may also continue operating from a temporary site under

1155-792: Is often used for newscasts or other local programming . There is usually a news department , where journalists gather information. There is also a section where electronic news-gathering (ENG) operations are based, receiving remote broadcasts via remote pickup unit or satellite TV . Outside broadcasting vans, production trucks , or SUVs with electronic field production (EFP) equipment are sent out with reporters , who may also bring back news stories on video tape rather than sending them back live . To keep pace with technology United States television stations have been replacing operators with broadcast automation systems to increase profits in recent years. Some stations (known as repeaters or translators ) only simulcast another, usually

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1210-600: The Black Hills proper; it can also be seen over the air in Rapid City. KSGW-TV (channel 12) in Sheridan, Wyoming , serves northern and northeast Wyoming . KHSD-TV's transmitter is located on Terry Peak near Spearfish, South Dakota , while KSGW-TV's transmitter is on Bosin Rock. KOTA serves a large area in western South Dakota , eastern Montana , and eastern Wyoming . It calls its vast coverage area " KOTA Territory ". Until 2016,

1265-399: The Black Hills region without a local CBS affiliate. However, area cable systems already carried Sioux Falls CBS affiliate KELO-TV , which had been trying to get into Rapid City for some time. After a four-month hiatus, KEVN and KIVV came on the air July 11 as full-time ABC affiliates. KOTA ended its joint-primary affiliation with ABC and NBC, switching to a primary affiliation with NBC and

1320-405: The broadcast range , or geographic area, that the station is limited to, allocates the broadcast frequency of the radio spectrum for that station's transmissions, sets limits on what types of television programs can be programmed for broadcast and requires a station to broadcast a minimum amount of certain programs types, such as public affairs messages . Another form of television station

1375-534: The electricity bill and emergency backup generators . In North America , full-power stations on band I (channels 2 to 6) are generally limited to 100 kW analog video ( VSB ) and 10 kW analog audio ( FM ), or 45 kW digital ( 8VSB ) ERP. Stations on band III (channels 7 to 13) can go up by 5 dB to 316 kW video, 31.6 kW audio, or 160 kW digital. Low-VHF stations are often subject to long-distance reception just as with FM. There are no stations on Channel 1 . UHF , by comparison, has

1430-516: The 5:30 newscasts on KOTA-TV and KNBN. The stations' signals are multiplexed : KSGW-TV previously carried a subchannel of KCWY-DT , the NBC affiliate in Casper, Wyoming, also owned by Gray. However, Sheridan is also located in the Rapid City television market. That prompted KNBN to assert its exclusive rights to NBC programming in Sheridan, supported by the network. As a result, Gray was forced to remove

1485-518: The Daniels brothers already operated KDSJ radio (980 AM) in nearby Deadwood . For most of its history, Heart of the Black Hills was under scrutiny from network officials, the viewing public, and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for substandard technical operations. In 1966 and 1967, FCC inspectors found numerous violations of FCC technical rules. In 1967, more than 2,000 viewers asked NBC and

1540-440: The FCC for help in improving the station's quality. In 1969, an FCC inspector deemed KRSD-TV/KDSJ-TV's signal unfit for broadcast. On September 13, 1970, NBC struck an affiliation deal with KOTA, and CBS programs moved to KRSD-TV. In 1970, in response to the numerous complaints about KRSD-TV and KDSJ-TV's technical operations, FCC hearing examiner Thomas Donahue recommended granting the stations one-year license renewals, rather than

1595-425: The FCC had shuttered a television station due to technical issues. Faced with having to go off the air at midnight on December 31, 1971; Heart of the Black Hills fought the decision. However, the denial was reaffirmed in July 1972. Nonetheless, the FCC allowed the Daniels to operate the stations under special temporary authority for another four years while it searched for a new licensee. Construction permits for

1650-512: The FCC initiated a crackdown on stations that exploit the loophole. The first high-profile case was co-owned stations WBVA in Bayside, Virginia , and WVAB in Virginia Beach, Virginia , whose 2017 license renewals were designated for a hearing. The stations have operated under a cycle of silent and operational STAs since 2008; they applied yearly to broadcast with 30 and 6 watts, respectively, from

1705-471: The FCC to allow area cable providers to pipe in stations from neighboring markets. It also criticized the Daniels brothers for failing to correct violations from earlier inspections—including what the FCC Broadcast Bureau described as some of the worst violations the FCC had ever uncovered. While a handful of radio stations had been ordered off the air for technical violations, it was the first time that

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1760-472: The KCWY subchannel from KSGW-TV on January 1, 2019. Four months before the official date of the analog television shutdown and digital conversion on February 17, 2009, both stations shut down their analog signals: Mission TV submitted an application to the FCC in 2007 asking to defer further construction of the station's digital transmitter (which was not yet operating at full-power due to financial problems) until

1815-538: The KOTA-TV call sign, along with the virtual channel 3 assignment and the ABC affiliation, were associated with the station now known as KHME (channel 23). KOTA-TV had gone on the air in 1955 as the first television station in western South Dakota. Owned by Helen Duhamel along with KOTA radio (1380 AM), it was originally a primary CBS affiliate. The station also had secondary affiliations with NBC (until 1958) and ABC; it took on

1870-552: The U.S., the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is taking another large portion of this band (channels 52 to 69) away, in contrast to the rest of the world, which has been taking VHF instead. This means that some stations left on VHF are harder to receive after the analog shutdown . Since at least 1974, there are no stations on channel 37 in North America for radio astronomy purposes. Most television stations are commercial broadcasting enterprises which are structured in

1925-582: The company spun off its television and radio stations to Heritage's management under the Heritage Media banner. Heritage Media announced in September 1995 that it would sell KEVN-TV and KIVV-TV to Blackstar, LLC , a minority-controlled company in which nonvoting equity interests were held by Fox Television Stations and Silver King Communications , for $ 14 million; the deal was completed on February 7, 1996. Blackstar immediately announced that KEVN would become

1980-576: The deal's completion. On February 1, 2016, Gray moved the KOTA-TV intellectual unit–call letters, programming, ABC affiliation and staff–to RF channel 7, while moving the KEVN intellectual unit to low-powered KEVN-LD on RF channel 23. The station moved its virtual channel to 3, while continuing to transmit on RF channel 7, while KEVN-LD began transmitting on virtual channel 7. The former KOTA changed its call sign to KHME, and broadcasts MeTV and This TV subchannels on virtual channel 23, using KOTA's former RF channel 2. A similar realignment took place with

2035-499: The end of the digital television transition, indicating that its owners were the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding at the time and to expand the funds necessary to complete construction of its full-power digital television facility "could be fatal". KOTA's programming is also shown on a network of three satellite stations . Download coordinates as: KHSD operates as a full-time repeater of KOTA. KNEP in Sidney, Nebraska , formerly

2090-420: The highest point available in the transmission area, such as on a summit , the top of a high skyscraper , or on a tall radio tower . To get a signal from the master control room to the transmitter, a studio/transmitter link (STL) is used. The link can be either by radio or T1 / E1 . A transmitter/studio link (TSL) may also send telemetry back to the station, but this may be embedded in subcarriers of

2145-524: The launch of NBC Nebraska Scottsbluff which aired on KNEP's digital subchannel 4.2. The subchannel operated as a semi-satellite of North Platte's NBC affiliate, KNOP-TV . In 2020, the KOTA simulcast on KNEP was removed and replaced with a simulcast of sister station KEVN; which in turn was also removed in 2022; moving NBC programming from channel 2.1 to channel 4.1. ABC and Fox are still available in Scottsbluff via

2200-400: The local television station has no station identification and, from a consumer's point of view, there is no practical distinction between a network and a station, with only small regional changes in programming, such as local television news . To broadcast its programs, a television station requires operators to operate equipment, a transmitter or radio antenna , which is often located at

2255-419: The main broadcast. Stations which retransmit or simulcast another may simply pick-up that station over-the-air , or via STL or satellite. The license usually specifies which other station it is allowed to carry. VHF stations often have very tall antennas due to their long wavelength , but require much less effective radiated power (ERP), and therefore use much less transmitter power output , also saving on

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2310-477: The other networks). The swap brought KEVN in line with Sioux Falls sister station KDLT-TV ; that station had been purchased by KEVN's owners in 1982 and made its own move from ABC to NBC in 1983. In 1985, Dakota Broadcasting sold KEVN/KIVV and KDLT to Heritage Communications for nearly $ 20 million. In 1987, following Tele-Communications Inc. 's purchase of a majority interest in Heritage Communications,

2365-476: The programmes seen on its owner's flagship station, and have no television studio or production facilities of their own. This is common in developing countries . Low-power stations typically also fall into this category worldwide. Most stations which are not simulcast produce their own station identifications . TV stations may also advertise on or provide weather (or news) services to local radio stations , particularly co-owned sister stations . This may be

2420-442: The same rules, as long as it does not change or increase its coverage area or plan to permanently broadcast from that site. These rules allow stations to resume broadcasting quickly in case of a state of disaster . A station may go silent entirely for up to ten days without notifying the FCC at all, and up to thirty days with only a letter of notification. A station that is or will be silent for longer than thirty days must apply for

2475-440: The same time, the morning and midday newscasts were discontinued. By 2001, KEVN expanded the weeknight 9 p.m. news to an hour; the weekend edition of the newscast would be expanded to an hour as well on November 2, 2013. The station moved the early evening newscast to 6 p.m. on March 31, 2008, and relaunched it as The Six ; station management stated that airing a newscast at that slot would allow KEVN to attract viewers unable to view

2530-466: The standard five-year renewal. However, the next year, the full commission unanimously voted 5–0 (with two abstentions) to overrule Donahue and deny the renewals outright. The final decision stated that KRSD-TV/KDSJ-TV had been out of compliance with technical standards since at least 1961, and that their signals had deteriorated to the point of unacceptability by "at least 1965". As a result, by 1966, Black Hills cable systems refused to carry KRSD-TV, forcing

2585-466: The station produced an hour-long morning newscast at 7 a.m., as well as half-hour newscasts at noon, 5:30 p.m., and 10 p.m. (a holdover from its NBC affiliation); on weekends, KEVN only aired its late newscast. In 1998, the station moved the late newscast to 9 p.m., making it the first Rapid City station to produce a prime time newscast; KCLO-TV also airs a newscast at that time, but it is a simulcast of KELO-TV's Sioux Falls-based 10 p.m. newscast. Around

2640-476: The television and radio stations owned by Schurz Communications , including KOTA-TV and its satellites and the Rushmore Media Company group of radio stations, for $ 442.5 million. Gray intended to consolidate KOTA's operations with those of KEVN; in announcing the sale of most of KOTA-TV's assets to Legacy Broadcasting on October 1, Gray announced that KEVN-TV would inherit KOTA's ABC affiliation following

2695-459: The two stations' satellites in Lead. Gray moved the KHSD intellectual unit to KEVN's satellite, KIVV. The former KHSD changed its calls to KQME, and serves as a satellite of KHME. This left Fox without a full-power signal in the western portion of the market. To make up for this shortfall, KEVN is simulcast on KHSD's second digital channel. At the start of July 2024, the separate "Black Hills Fox" branding

2750-630: The world. It was on the air from 22 March 1935, until it was shut down in 1944. The station was named after Paul Gottlieb Nipkow , the inventor of the Nipkow disk . Most often the term "television station" refers to a station which broadcasts structured content to an audience or it refers to the organization that operates the station. A terrestrial television transmission can occur via analog television signals or, more recently, via digital television signals. Television stations are differentiated from cable television or other video providers as their content

2805-455: The world. Television stations broadcasting over an analog system were typically limited to one television channel , but digital television enables broadcasting via subchannels as well. Television stations usually require a broadcast license from a government agency which sets the requirements and limitations on the station. In the United States, for example, a television license defines

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2860-439: Was a semi-satellite of and simulcasted KOTA, airing separate commercials from studios in Scottsbluff. KNEP was formerly KDUH-TV, and aired its own full-length newscasts for years. However, due to cutbacks in later years, KDUH's newscasts were reduced to inserts in KOTA's weeknight newscasts with a few personalities locally based in Scottsbluff. On May 5, 2016, KNEP's full-length localized newscasts in Scottsbluff were reinstated, upon

2915-445: Was discontinued for KEVN-LD and its simulcasts, and both KOTA and KEVN now feature the "KOTA Territory" branding across both stations vocally, without any mention of their affiliations. KEVN's logo now simply features the Fox logomark replacing that of ABC's, while keeping the black circle the ABC logo usually sits upon for the simplicity of branding both stations. KOTA-TV presently broadcasts

2970-521: Was not related to Mission Broadcasting , a holding company whose stations are controlled by Nexstar Media Group .) KEVN filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on November 20, 2003, to prevent Finova Capital Corp., the station's largest creditor, from taking legal action to acquire control of the station; KEVN's programming and operations were not affected by this move, and the station emerged from bankruptcy in July 2005. In January 2007, after having been branded as "KEVN Fox 7" for its first 11 years as

3025-471: Was practically a satellite of KOTA from November 1966 until September 1970. KOTA-TV is one of two ABC affiliates on Dish Network 's Cheyenne–Scottsbluff local feed. The other is KTWO-TV in Casper, which is carried on Fox affiliate KLWY 's digital subchannel. Television station The Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow ( TV Station Paul Nipkow ) in Berlin , Germany , was the first regular television service in

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