Misplaced Pages

#85914

53-537: Originally established as a translator for the American Christian Television System (ACTS) on channel 39, the station moved to channel 35 when a full-power television station was established on channel 39 in 2000. It has been owned by Univision since 2002 and has served primarily as a translator of KFPH-DT. KFPH-CD was converted in April 2018 to be one of the first regular ATSC 3.0 television stations in

106-544: A family audience. Support was withdrawn in 2003, and the ACTS network ceased operations. Public interest In social science and economics , public interest is "the welfare or well-being of the general public" and society . While it has earlier philosophical roots and is considered to be at the core of democratic theories of government, often paired with two other concepts, convenience and necessity , it first became explicitly integrated into governance instruments in

159-544: A group of evangelical multidenominational investors as a for-profit entity, which the network had also now become. It was hoped that the multidenominational composition would attract large cable companies , some of which had shied away from carrying the network citing concerns about the SBC's singular control over content. To some extent, this meant that conservative faith traditions such as Lutherans , Presbyterians and Methodists , as well as Catholics and Jews were represented in

212-505: A large audience for their message... I feel that they have taken a step backwards in their effort to accomplish their mission." This was made even more problematic by the fact that local Baptist-owned resources including churches and schools were sometimes providing the downlink to local cable systems. Also, partially because the Baptist Press had been prohibited from reporting on the matter, those local affiliates were not informed about

265-705: A rapid expansion in the number of cable channels vying for limited space on cable systems; this included a number of religious channels. Channels of this type which had already been established at the time that ACTS was formed included the National Christian Network , the PTL Satellite Network , the Christian Broadcasting Network , and the Trinity Broadcasting Network . By 1984, even more networks had been formed, including

318-518: A restructuring of the organization. Internal SBC documentation admitted that the planning had been overly optimistic, and the operational and programming expenses were beyond what could be sustained. The SBC sold ACTS in 1988 to a newly formed company called Friends of ACTS, Inc., based in San Antonio , Texas . While the SBC retained ultimate control over the channel, the new arrangement offered several advantages. Friends of ACTS, Inc. had been formed by

371-700: Is a well-known form of public interest law in the United States. Prior to the existence of public interest law, the legal needs and advocacy for disadvantaged or vulnerable populations could only be served only through legal aid organizations like the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)'s Legal Defense and Educational Fund (LDF). The efforts of philanthropic entities like

424-400: Is growing in use - though between societies where the term is used, definitions vary. Public interest law is rooted in the commitment that members of the legal profession have to being an advocate for all members of society, especially those who lack the financial resources to advocate for themselves in the legal and justice system. Free legal aid for those who cannot afford representation

477-418: Is in general more successfully pursued by acting on general rules, than by measuring the consequences of each act; and this is still more the case with the general happiness, since any other plan would not only leave everybody uncertain what to expect, but would involve perpetual quarrelling..." This approach is attractive because only under impartiality can there be the possibility of consensus. This of course

530-413: Is still conditional: i.e., conditional on everybody doing the same thought experiment as Rawls suggested. Other than this, if everybody considers his own private interests from his point of view, then social welfare will have to be defined in an ex post fashion by summing up or otherwise defined over individually rated welfares or social states that would come about because of different social choices. This

583-654: Is the approach of social welfare functions . Whether these functions are based on individually ranked social states or individual cardinal uitilities, the absence of consensus over social welfare functions is unavoidable. The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales argues that applying a detailed definition is likely to result in unintended consequences , in Acting in the Public Interest (2012). Instead, each circumstance needs to be assessed based on criteria such as

SECTION 10

#1733085999086

636-499: The Baptist Telecommunications Network (BTN). BTN was oriented toward churches, while the programming of ACTS was aimed at the general public. The programming mix of ACTS was planned to consist of about 75% family-oriented entertainment programs and 25% direct teaching and preaching. Daily programming was to be recycled in loops, up to 16 hours each day of its program content would consist of reruns. The 1980s saw

689-476: The Eternal Word Television Network and National Jewish Television ; each of these competed for limited headend space on cable providers, a situation made more complicated by the fact that some companies would only carry one religious network. By 1986, the network had achieved a potential viewer reach of 2.6 million television households. It had also acquired $ 8.5 million in debt, leading to

742-722: The Faith & Values Channel and Odyssey , before eventually relaunching (with minimal religious content) as the Hallmark Channel in 2001 following its purchase by Crown Media Holdings . ACTS ceased operations in 2003. ACTS was initially organized in December 1980, and was formed as a subsidiary of the Southern Baptist Radio and Television Commission (RTVC) and the Southern Baptist Sunday School Board. ACTS

795-485: The Ford Foundation facilitated the development of field-building publications, the establishment of public interest law organizations and support for educational and professional development opportunities. The impact of these efforts led to the legal aid clinic programs at Harvard University led by law professor Jeanne Charn and at UC Berkeley School of Law legal clinics led by law professor Jeffrey Selbin as well as

848-672: The Southern Baptist Convention —K39BI produced some of its own programming, including the Baptist church's services. In the 1990s, ACTS was replaced with FamilyNet . Underneath K39BI was a full-power allocation for channel 39, the second non-commercial reserved channel in Phoenix. In 1996, the Daystar Television Network , by way of Community Television, Inc., filed for the channel. Two years later, Daystar bought K39BI from

901-535: The concurrent list . Article 282 says the revenues of the Union or a State may be spent for public purposes. When a scheme or project is taken up under public interest by the Union instead of a State, such scheme should be a popular demand of the nationwide public without any opposition from the directly affected stakeholders before the implementation of such scheme. Otherwise, it becomes a public purpose scheme that would serve greater part of society but some would suffer from

954-405: The " ex ante welfare of the representative individual". Under a thought experiment , by assuming that there is an equal chance for one to be anyone in society and, thus, could benefit or suffer from a change, the public interest is by definition enhanced whenever that change is preferred to the status quo ex ante . This approach is " ex ante ", in the sense that the change is not evaluated after

1007-461: The "lighthouse" concept, in which one station becomes an ATSC 3.0 multiplex and its subchannels are distributed on the signals of other stations serving the same area. In service of this goal, KFPH-CD was selected to become the first lighthouse station and the first authorized ATSC 3.0 station, going live on April 6, 2018; KFPH-CD's subchannels were placed with three other Phoenix stations for ATSC 1.0 continuity. Soon after launching, Arizona PBS joined

1060-511: The Model Market consortium, becoming the first public broadcaster to use ATSC 3.0. The KFPH-CD ATSC 3.0 multiplex carries an assortment of Phoenix television stations. On July 8, 2021, the two remaining major network affiliates on KFPH-CD were relocated to the higher-power KASW multiplex on RF channel 27, and the channel capacity on KFPH-CD was used to add KTVK and KTAZ to the lineup. KFPH-CD offers three ATSC 1.0 subchannels, stacked across

1113-587: The United States as part of the Phoenix Model Market initiative and since has been regularly used for testing; its programming is available in ATSC 1.0 format on subchannels of other Phoenix television stations. North Phoenix Baptist Church received a construction permit for low-power television station K39BI in December 1986; the station was on the air less than six months later and began broadcasting programs on June 7, 1987. Alongside programming from ACTS—owned by

SECTION 20

#1733085999086

1166-542: The University of Melbourne, is a news and public policy organization. In 2023, The Center for Cooperative Media at Montclair State University, in partnership with the Rita Allen Foundation announced plans to fund cross-field civic science journalism collaborations intended to build awareness of civic science issues and potential solutions. Public interest journalism is not present as a concept in all societies, but

1219-791: The church; Daystar programming replaced FamilyNet, though North Phoenix Baptist Church services were still broadcast. The call letters were changed to KDTP-LP on December 16, 1998. The impending launch of KDTP as a full-power station displaced the low-power station to channel 35. Daystar also sold the low-power station to Equity Broadcasting Corporation , which owned KDUO channel 13 in Flagstaff , and changed KDTP-LP's call letters to KOND-LP. The stations aired programming from America's Collectibles Network before being sold for $ 19.1 million to Univision in late 2001 alongside KBGF in Douglas . KDUO and KOND-LP became KFPH and KFPH-CA on January 4, 2002, in advance of

1272-518: The deal until after it was signed. Still others expressed concern that the goal of VISN had been to replace and supplant ACTS. VISN-ACTS went through several relaunches in the 1990s including its 1992 revamp as the Faith and Values Channel and the 1996 format change into the Odyssey Network , with direct religious content erosion occurring along the way. In 2001, it became the Hallmark Channel , focusing mainly on entertainment programming aimed at

1325-401: The early part of the 20th century. The public interest was rapidly adopted and popularised by human rights lawyers in the 1960s and has since been incorporated into other fields such as journalism and technology . Economist Lok Sang Ho, in his Public Policy and the Public Interest , argues that the public interest must be assessed impartially and, therefore, defines the public interest as

1378-506: The end of the SBC's direct ventures in television. In July 1992, ACTS entered into a merger agreement with the Vision Interfaith Satellite Network (VISN). Each network was to provide part of the programming, but maintain separate branding identities during their allocated timeslots. The Southern Baptist Church would provide eight hours of programming daily for the network, which would produce substantial savings. At

1431-437: The fact but assessed before the fact without knowing whether one would actually benefit or suffer from it. This approach follows the " veil of ignorance " approach, which was first proposed by John Harsanyi but popularized by John Rawls in his 1971 Theory of Justice . Historically, however, the approach can be traced to John Stuart Mill , who, in his letter to George Grote , explained that "human happiness, even one's own,

1484-416: The federal government. The U.S. Digital Corps offers internships designed to help build a federal government workforce skilled in using technology to address local, state, national, and global needs. TechCongress places individuals with technology skills and backgrounds as technology policy advisers to Members of Congress. The 21st Century Integrated Digital Experience Act, passed in 2018, aims to improve how

1537-454: The field of science, technology, and society (STS), which according to Stanford University, started before World War II and was formalized in the 1980s and combines history, anthropology, sociology, economics, ethics, and other approaches to the relations between social contexts and the practices of science and engineering. Much like STS, public interest technology uses an interdisciplinary frame to posit questions about tech designed in service of

1590-554: The first time in the Transportation Act of 1920 and also appeared in the Radio Act of 1927 . After that, these three concepts became critical criteria for making communication policies and solving some related disputes. Indian constitution invokes the term "public interest" at nine places in its Articles 22 (6), 31A (b) and 31A (c) of fundamental rights of people, 263 , 302 , Entries 52, 54 and 56 of union list and Entry 33 of

1643-542: The founding of the Council on Legal Education for Professional Responsibility. Citizen science involves efforts by everyday, non-professional community members to contribute to and support the development of scientific information in a variety of fields. Eclipse Soundscapes, a NASA-funded citizen science project, is designed to involve non-scientists in the study of how eclipses affect people and environments. Another example of citizen science that involves using technology for

KFPH-CD - Misplaced Pages Continue

1696-476: The implementation of such scheme. In the absence of interpretation (Dos and don'ts) of the term "public interest" by the courts in India, these Articles are being misused by the union lawmakers to usurp the constitutional powers of the state governments and the rights of people in contrast to the meaning of "public interest". To legally establish a scheme or project to be taken under public interest or national interest ,

1749-411: The launch of Telefutura ten days later. In December 2017, the Phoenix Model Market partnership, comprising Pearl TV and the television station groups that owned most of Phoenix's commercial stations at the time, including Univision Communications, was formed in order to provide guidance and testing for how the ATSC 3.0 standard could be deployed without reducing ATSC 1.0 service to existing viewers, using

1802-563: The merger. Some were disturbed by the composition and programming of VISN. Whereas ACTS had specific content guidelines based on the views of the SBC, VISN did not rely on any form of creed or universal statement of faith. VISN was represented by member organizations of 54 faiths including non-Christians, ranging from Muslim groups to Buddhists , to others that some conservative Baptists considered cultish . One former producer for ACTS expressed that "ACTS will be working with those many would consider to be false prophets , assisting to build

1855-573: The multiplexes of three Phoenix TV stations. American Christian Television System The American Christian Television System ( ACTS ) was an American religious television network that was founded by the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC). Plans for the network involved a distribution reach through a combination of low-power and full-power broadcast television stations , most of which were to be built, and carriage on cable television providers. Religious denominations had long been recipients of free air time from broadcast stations. This

1908-526: The network was estimated to have a reach of 9.2 million viewers, and distribution on 475 affiliate stations and cable systems. That year, Jack B. Johnson was elected president of the RTVC, replacing Jimmy R. Allen. ACTS acquired FamilyNet from Jerry Falwell in 1991. The network was programmed separately from ACTS, and was carried exclusively on broadcast stations. FamilyNet was sold off to In Touch Ministries (operated by Dr. Charles Stanley ) in 2007, representing

1961-452: The network's programming. Under the terms of the agreement, the SBC would continue to provide the majority of the programming and receive a small portion of revenues from the network. The sale was valued at about $ 170 million. At that time, the network was reported to have an audience reach of six million viewers. The new management immediately switched satellites to Galaxy III, a move intended to increase ACTS' viewing potential. By 1990,

2014-456: The number of cable providers carrying the channel increased from 655 to 1,374. The new network would continue to ban activities such as proselytizing, on-air fundraising, and maligning other faiths. Now they are content to be a small part of a national religious access channel, squeezing their programming... between religious programming that may espouse teachings that Christians see as heretical . Even so, some Baptists expressed concerns about

2067-480: The proposal can be passed by the Rajya Sabha with a two-thirds majority in its favor per Article 249 . A number of academic fields engage in activities that are connected to and support the goals of the public interest. Public interest engineering is centered around the development of human and environmentally sustainable structures and system. Public interest design focuses on collaborative efforts to incorporate

2120-672: The public good in designing products, structures, and systems. The Code of Ethics for Engineers from the National Society of Professional Engineers states "Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interest." e-Government (also known as digital government or open government ) is the use of digital technologies to provide important governmental services to people and communities. The U.S. federal government has multiple initiatives involving using technology to support public interest and improved government. The United States Digital Service offers technology support to agencies of

2173-735: The public interacts with information on federal government websites. Open government resources are available from the federal government's Office of Personnel Management (OPM) in the Office of Inspector General . Public history is an area in the field of history where professional and non-professional researchers seek to provide historical information to people and communities. Technology provides public historians with multiple ways to conduct and share their research. The New England Journal of History, an online publication housed at Dean College in Franklin, Massachusetts, has an entire section designed to publish

KFPH-CD - Misplaced Pages Continue

2226-537: The public interest emphasizing the importance of co-design and community engagement. The evolution of STS into public interest technology was in part due to what was parceived as still insufficient public engagement during the STS era, as evidenced in, for example, codes of ethics. PIT promotes "the development and realization of socially responsible solutions to the challenges in a technology-driven world." It has been characterized as people-centered problem solving. PIT emerged as

2279-529: The public interest: the Great Backyard Bird Count initiative, which was started in 1998, encourages volunteers to observe birds in their communities and log their findings into the eBird database, begins its 25th year today. Around 385,000 people from 192 countries participated in the four-day program in 2022, and the data is used by researchers to track bird species and direct conservation efforts. Public interest technology (PIT) shares origins with

2332-495: The relevant public, wants, and constraints. The key to assessing any public interest decision is transparency of the decision-making process, including balancing competing interests. The need to consider the circumstances carefully in all dimensions is well taken, as is the need for transparency of the standards and procedures for policy making. It needs to be noted that in practice adversarial politics means that "balancing competing interests" amounts to politicians navigating through

2385-604: The time of its launch, the network would consist of 23 broadcast television stations and distribution on 200 cable systems. The Spacenet One satellite was selected for distribution of the signal; it launched in the spring of 1984. The American Christian Television System launched on May 15, 1984, and was dedicated in June at the Southern Baptist Convention. By that time, the network had been granted 75 LPTV station licenses. At launch, ACTS consisted of two channels, ACTS and

2438-476: The time of the merger, ACTS had a viewer reach of 8.2 million television homes and VISN 12.8 million; the combined network would reach about 20 million and allow a potential audience of 57.5 million households with at least one television set. The merger opened up large markets that ACTS had been unable to get a foothold into including New York City , Los Angeles , San Francisco and Salt Lake City . The new deal would add over 1,000 cities to ACTS' audience, and

2491-417: The ways and means of accelerating a more direct primetime witness through television." The plan for establishing the network revolved around building 100 or more low power (LPTV) and a small number of full-power stations throughout the United States. Each low-power station was to cost up to $ 150,000 to build and have a broadcast range of 10 to 15 miles from each station's transmitter site. In addition, it

2544-470: The web of divergent interests to procure their best political interests. The outcome will be a contest of political clout among different competing interests. Whether this promotes the public interest remains controversial. Public interest has been considered as the core of "democratic theories of government” and often paired with two other concepts, " convenience " and " necessity ". in the United States, public interest, convenience and necessity appeared for

2597-556: The work of community members who use video cameras to record history in their backyards. Public interest journalism involves researching and reporting on issues of interest and relevance to people and communities. According to the Charitable Journalism Project, it is "journalism that serves the interests of the public." The Public Interest Journalism Initiative , established in Melbourne, Australia and in partnership with

2650-600: Was often because stations had a need to fulfill " public interest " obligations in order to maintain their licenses . It was estimated that by the mid-1970s, the Southern Baptist Convention received approximately $ 10 million in donations annually in the form of 2,500 free weekly broadcasts. The programming that religious networks produced included (in addition to services and teaching) family-oriented entertainment programs and occasionally cartoons, such as JOT . ACTS would expand on these, originally intending on drawing its programming almost exclusively from in-house sources. ACTS

2703-550: Was planned that the network would eventually be carried by 1,000 cable systems. ACTS was projected to have a potential audience reach of 7 million households by the fall of 1984, and anywhere between 14 and 40 million at the end of 1985. However, some of the SBCs LPTV plans were held back when the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) changed some of the regulations regarding the licensing of such stations. At

SECTION 50

#1733085999086

2756-409: Was the first television network established by a Protestant denomination . ACTS launched in 1984 as a non-commercial service, but was converted into a for-profit network in 1988. In 1992, ACTS began sharing channel space with a similarly formatted cable network, the Vision Interfaith Satellite Network , with the two being co-branded under the name VISN-ACTS . The unified channel later evolved into

2809-403: Was to be a nonprofit venture, and also disallowed any form of on-air solicitation. The network was the brainchild of former SBC president Jimmy R. Allen. Allen had been elected to the post of president of the RTVC immediately following the end of his tenure as convention president. One of his primary goals in the post was to help local churches use radio and television effectively and to "explore

#85914