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20-553: This class used to be called Junior Intercontinental A ( JICA or ICA-J ) and has changed since January 2007 when CIK - FIA decided to replace the 100 cc air-cooled two-stroke engines with 125 cc Touch-and-Go (TaG) water-cooled two-stroke engines (KF type).The engines produce 26–27 hp (19–20 kW). The chassis and engines must be approved by the CIK-FIA. Minimum weight is 145 kg, including kart and driver. Karts are equipped with an electric starter and clutch. The engine rpm

40-469: Is a mechanism design where the force or torque from a prime mover is transmitted directly to the effector device (such as the drive wheels of a vehicle ) without involving any intermediate couplings such as a gear train or a belt . In the late 19th century and early 20th century, some of the earliest locomotives and cars used direct drive transmissions at higher speeds. Direct-drive mechanisms for industrial arms began to be possible in

60-421: Is limited to 14,000 rpm. It is one of the highest kart classes with national championships (perhaps with different tyre rules). There is a European championship, a World Cup, as well as Oceania and Asia-Pacific championships. The Junior Monaco Kart Cup is taking place each year in this format. For 2013 the class was renamed KF-Junior . In 2016, the karts were completely re-designed by removing much of

80-739: Is the primary gearbox category, with KZ2 as the secondary. The major karting competitions currently sanctioned by the CIK-FIA includes the Karting World Championship and the Karting European Championship . The CIK-FIA currently host the Karting Academy Trophy and the Asia Pacific Karting Championship . This motorsport-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Direct-drive A direct-drive mechanism

100-686: Is usually negligible, as the frequency at which it occurs is too high to significantly affect system performance; direct-drive units will suffer more from this phenomenon unless additional inertia is added (i.e. by a flywheel ) or the system uses feedback to actively counter the effect. Direct-drive mechanisms are used in applications ranging from low speed operation (such as phonographs , telescope mounts , video game racing wheels and gearless wind turbines ) to high speeds (such as fans , computer hard drives , VCR heads , sewing machines , CNC machines and washing machines .) Some electric railway locomotives have used direct-drive mechanisms, such as

120-437: Is usually operating in its optimal power band for a smaller range of output speeds for the system (e.g., road speeds in the case of a motor vehicle). Direct-drive mechanisms also need a more precise control mechanism. High-speed motors with speed reduction have relatively high inertia, which helps smooth the output motion. Most motors exhibit positional torque ripple known as cogging torque . In high-speed motors, this effect

140-676: The FIA . Based in Geneva , the CIK-FIA holds responsibility for international kart racing rules and safety, as well as organising the Karting World Championship , amongst other competitions . The CIK was founded by the FIA in 1962 as a sister commission to their Commission Sportive Internationale (CSI). In 1978, the FIA created a new governing body for automobile sport called the Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA) which consumed

160-435: The 1919 Milwaukee Road class EP-2 and the 2007 East Japan Railway Company E331 . Several cars from the late 19th century used direct-drive wheel hub motors , as did some concept cars in the early 2000s; however, most modern electric cars use inboard motor(s), where drive is transferred to the wheels, via the axles . Some automobile manufacturers have managed to create their own unique direct-drive transmissions, such as

180-408: The 1980s, with the use of rare-earth magnetic materials . The first direct-drive arm was built in 1981 at Carnegie Mellon University . Today the most commonly used magnets are neodymium magnets . Direct-drive systems are characterized by smooth torque transmission, and nearly-zero backlash . The main benefits of a direct-drive system are increased efficiency (due to reduced power losses from

200-506: The CSI, however the CIK remained with the FIA and became known as CIK-FIA in short. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, FISA was abolished, returning automobile sport control to the FIA and their new World Motor Sport Council, which also held authority over the CIK. In 1998, the CIK gained some independence and it was renamed to Fédération Mondial de Karting (FMK, also known as FMK-FIA), distinct from both

220-649: The FIA and the separate organisations International Kart Federation and World Karting Association . However the Federation was short lived and in 2000, reverted back to being known as the CIK, or CIK-FIA, ultimately becoming one of seven World Championship commissions within the FIA . Throughout the 20th century, kart racing became the proving ground for many drivers on the pathway to professional auto racing ; in particular, formula racing . In 1985 , Alain Prost —the 1973 junior direct-drive Karting World Champion—became

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240-488: The direct-drive category, after its perceived failure within the kart racing community and restrictive regulations resulted in reduced entries at international competitions. OK-Junior (OK-J) also replaced KF-J as the junior class. The commission's first official president was Jean-Marie Balestre , who would later become president of the FIA. He held the karting presidency for two years, being replaced by Belgian Pierre Ugeux in 1964. Ugeux's tenure lasted until 1971, when he

260-401: The drivetrain components) and being a simpler design with fewer moving parts. Major benefits also include the ability to deliver high torque over a wide range of speeds, fast response, precise positioning, and low inertia . The main drawback is that a special type of electric motor is often needed to provide high torque outputs at low rpm . Compared with a multi-speed transmission, the motor

280-490: The electronics. The karts are now push started. The class was subsequently renamed OK-Junior , standing for Original Kart . Commission Internationale de Karting The Commission Internationale de Karting ( CIK ; English: International Karting Commission ), also known as the CIK-FIA , is the primary governing body for international kart racing . Founded in 1962, it is one of seven World Championship commissions of

300-521: The first CIK World Champion to progress to win the Formula One World Drivers' Championship . The CIK-FIA attempted to re-brand global karting in 2007. The primary direct-drive class became KF1 and the primary gearbox class became KZ1 . The secondary divisions KF2 and KZ2 each replaced ICA and ICC; both classes had been contested since the early 1980s. KF3 replaced ICA-J as the junior direct-drive class. In 2013, Max Verstappen became

320-584: The first driver to win three CIK championships in a single season, winning both the KF and KZ European Championships , as well as the KZ World Championship . Verstappen also became the first driver to win CIK championships in both the primary direct-drive and gearbox classes in a single season, and the first driver to win multiple European Championships in a single season since his father Jos in 1989. In 2016, Original Kart (OK) regulations replaced KF in

340-513: The office from October 2005 to October 2009, prior to the reign of Nicolas Deschaux until October 2010. Macaluso oversaw the re-branding of global karting to KF and KZ regulations. Shaikh Abdulla bin Isa Al Khalifa , from the ruling family of Bahrain , would then hold the office until December 2017. Felipe Massa took office in December 2017, becoming the first Formula One driver to hold

360-602: The office. Indian former racing driver Akbar Ebrahim succeeded Massa in February 2022, with Massa becoming the FIA Drivers’ Commission President. The CIK-FIA currently sanction kart racing in eight categories: five direct-drive and three gearbox . There are currently five direct-drive categories contested in CIK-FIA competition. OK is the primary direct-drive category. There are currently three gearbox categories contested in CIK-FIA competition. KZ

380-401: The systematic televised coverage of international kart racing via Eurosport . Yvon Léon was appointed president in 2000 and stayed in office until 2004. During his term karting's rules, regulations and championships all changed and he received heavy criticism from manufacturers, drivers and fans. Upon Léon's resignation, Vincent Caro was appointed interim president. Luigi Macaluso held

400-553: Was replaced by Charles Defrancesco of Switzerland. Ernest Buser was the CIK president from 1978 until 1999, overseeing the CIK's expansion to five continents. World Championships were hosted in abundance outside of Europe, including in: South Africa in 1984 for FE, the United States in 1986 for FK, Argentina in 1994 for FA and FK, and the United States again in 1998 for FC, amongst several World Cups elsewhere. Buser also oversaw

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