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39-626: Kōfu Castle is located in the physical center of the city of Kōfu on a small hill. The city itself is located at the confluence of the Kamanashi River and the Fuefuki River . During the Sengoku Period after the local warlord ( Takeda Shingen ) seized control of the province from his father. He made Tsutsujigasaki Castle his seat. Before this time, the Kōfu area was subject to frequent flooding, and it

78-635: A watershed of 3,990 square kilometres (1,540 sq mi). With the Mogami River and the Kuma River , it is regarded as one of the three most rapid flows of Japan. The river arises from Mount Nokogiri in the Akaishi Mountains in northwest Yamanashi as the Kamanashi River ( 釜無川 , Kamanashi-gawa ) , and meets the Fuefuki River at the town of Ichikawamisato . There it changes its name to

117-536: A fifth generation master of Tennen Rishin-ryū and took the name of Kondō Yūgorō. Kondō Yūgorō established his own dojo, Hatsuunkan, in Kami-ishihara (present day Chōfu , Tokyo). Tama and Yūgorō's only child, a son named Kondō Hisatarō, was born in 1883. Kondō Tama died three years later in 1886 and Yūgorō later remarried at least twice. In 1905, Kondō Hisatarō was killed in action in the Russo-Japanese War at

156-578: A geisha as well at Gion . On July 10, 1867, Kondō became a hatamoto , along with the rest of the Shinsengumi. After suffering a gunshot wound at the Battle of Toba–Fushimi in January 1868, Kondō returned to Edo . There he met with the military commander Katsu Kaishū and was promoted to the rank of wakadoshiyori ( wakadoshiyori-kaku 若年寄格) in the rapidly disintegrating Tokugawa administration. Kondō created

195-404: A new castle at Ichijyomodoriyama, a small hill a short distance away, which had a small fort guarding the valley. This was later called "Kōfu Castle". He died before the completion of the new castle, and was succeeded by Asano Nagamasa (1547–1611), Hideyoshi's step-brother-in-law. Asano completed the castle in 1593. Kōfu Castle was originally T-shaped, with the main body spreading on the ridge of

234-504: A new headquarters in Nagareyama . While training at Nagareyama on April 26, 1868, Kondo and his unit were caught by surprise by Imperial forces. The Vice-chief of Staff Arima Tota of Satsuma Domain suspected that "Okubo Yamato" was Kondō himself, and ordered him brought back to the Imperial forces camp at Koshigaya . Kondō was then taken to Itabashi on April 27, 1868, for questioning. On

273-494: A new unit, Kōyō Chinbutai ( 甲陽鎮撫隊 , Pacification Corps ) , based on the surviving remnants of the Shinsengumi and led them under the alias of Okubo Tsuyoshi . They departed from Edo for Kōfu Castle on March 24 on orders to suppress uprisings there. Upon receiving news on March 28 that Kōfu Castle had been taken by Imperial Court forces led by Itagaki Taisuke , they settled at a town of Katsunuma five miles east of Kōfu. On March 29, 1868, Kondō and his unit were attacked by

312-522: A pike on Sanjō Ōhashi . While on display on the bridge, Kondō's head was taken away by Saitō Hajime , who would later ask the priest Sonku Giten to hold a memorial service for him. The head was taken by the priest when he moved to Okazaki , Aichi Prefecture , and buried in a small mound behind the Hozoji temple. According to Tani Tateki (1837–1911) of the Tosa Domain , Kondō was arrested and executed by

351-923: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kondo Isami Kondō Isami ( 近 藤 勇 , November 9, 1834 – May 17, 1868) was a Japanese swordsman and samurai of the late Edo period . He was the fourth generation master of Tennen Rishin-ryū and was famed for his role as commander of the Shinsengumi . He was born Miyagawa Katsugorō to a farmer Miyagawa Hisajirō and his wife Miyo in Kami-Ishihara village in Musashi Province (present city of Chōfu ) in Western Tokyo on November 9, 1834. He had two older brothers, Otojirō (音次郎; later known as Otogorō 音五郎) and Kumezō (粂蔵; later known as Sōbei 惣兵衛) and an older sister Rie (リエ), who died two years before he

390-527: The Battle of Sekigahara , Kōfu Castle came into the hands of the Tokugawa clan with whom it remained until the end of the Tokugawa shogunate . The Tokugawa shogunate initially used Kōfu Castle as a stronghold that the shōgun could retreat to, should any enemies take Edo Castle . Although the tenshu constructed by Asano Nagamasa had fallen into ruin and was not replaced, the castle itself was kept in good repair and

429-562: The Shingen-zutsumi ( 信玄堤 ) . Flood control efforts continued under the Tokugawa shogunate of the Edo period , when extensive dikes were completed in 1674 after 50 years of construction, to divert the lower river away from populated areas, which were prone to flooding. Water transportation up the river from Suruga Bay to inland Kai Province prospered in the Edo period and early Meiji period , until

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468-637: The Fuji River. It then flows around the west foot of Mount Fuji and into Suruga Bay at its mouth in the city of Fuji . The banks of the Fuji River was the location of the Battle of Fujikawa in 1180, one of the most important early battles of the Genpei War . The Sengoku period warlord Takeda Shingen built extensive dikes along the Kamanashi portion of the river, which allowed water to flood buffer zones to control damage. These dikes still exist, and are called

507-481: The Imperial forces at the Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma , holding out for about two hours but ultimately losing. They narrowly escaped from the battle and retreated to Edo. On April 11, 1868, Kondō, Hijikata and their unit departed Edo again and set up temporary headquarters at the Kaneko family estate, northeast of Edo. Kondō later changed his alias from Okubo Tsuyoshi to Okubo Yamato . Later on April 25, 1868, they moved to

546-572: The Rōshigumi was disbanded and most of the members returned to Edo. Kondō, Hijikata, former Mito retainer Serizawa Kamo , and a handful of others remained in Kyoto and formed the Mibu Rōshigumi . Acting under the direct orders of the shogunate, Matsudaira Katamori of Aizu undertook supervision of these men. Under the oversight of Aizu, acting in its role as Protector of Kyoto , they worked as police in

585-517: The Shogunate before his Shinsengumi days, Kondō was a candidate for a teaching position at the Kōbusho in 1862. The Kobusho was an exclusive military training school, primarily for the use of the shogunal retainers, set up by the Shogunate in 1855 in order to reform the military system after the arrival of Perry 's Black Ships . In 1863, the Tokugawa shogunate organized a massive group of rōnin for

624-490: The age of 22. This marked the end of the Kondō Isami bloodline. Kondō Isami is often depicted in fiction, across different media, including television, film, books, anime , and manga . The NHK Taiga drama Shinsengumi! depicted the life of Kondō. Kondō Isa o from Gintama is roughly based on him. He also appears in the video-game-turned-anime series Hakuouki Shinsengumi Kitan . Kondō also makes appearances in

663-582: The attention of Kondō Shūsuke , the third generation master of the Tennen Rishin-ryū. Shūsuke wasted no time in adopting the young Katsugorō in 1849, who first took the name of Shimazaki Katsuta (島崎勝太). According to a record in the possession of the former Gozu-tennōsha Shrine 牛頭天王社 (now the Hino Yasaka-jinja Shrine 日野八坂神社), Katsuta is listed, with full common name and formal name, as Shimazaki Isami Fujiwara (no) Yoshitake (島崎勇藤原義武), and thus, had

702-572: The east, and 60 hertz to the west. The view of the Tōkaidō Shinkansen train crossing the river against the background of Mount Fuji is a celebrated scene representative of Japan. 35°06′56″N 138°38′28″E  /  35.115437°N 138.641111°E  / 35.115437; 138.641111 (mouth) This article related to a river in Japan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Shizuoka Prefecture location article

741-455: The executioner Yokokura Kisoji at the Itabashi execution grounds on May 17, 1868. Among the crowd witnessing his execution was his nephew Miyagawa Yūgorō . Kondō's head was put on a pike for public display. Three days later on May 20, 1868, Kondō's body was claimed by his nephew to be taken back to Osawa, Edo to be buried, while his head was salted and moved to Kyoto , where it was displayed on

780-557: The gate and a yagura tower were completed in 2004. The tower functions as a museum that features many artifacts from the castle's original buildings. The castle is a ten-minute walk from Kōfu Station on the JR East Chūō Main Line . Fuji River The Fuji River ( 富士川 , Fuji-kawa or Fuji-gawa ) is a river in Yamanashi and Shizuoka Prefectures of central Japan. It is 128 kilometres (80 mi) long and has

819-463: The hands of the advancing Imperial army. However, the Imperial army led by Itagaki Taisuke reached Kōfu first and took the castle without a fight. The Imperial Army then defeated the Shinsengumi at the Battle of Katsunuma to keep the castle. At the start of the Meiji period , the castle was abandoned, and in 1877 in accordance with government orders that all old fortifications were to be destroyed, all of

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858-464: The hill from east-to-west, separated into three or four layers of terraces over a 200 by 100 meters area. The front of the castle protruded north-to-south and had the main gate. The inner bailey was at the top of the hill measuring 100 by 50 meters, with a four-story tenshu painted black with gold-colored roof tiles . Below the inner bailey were several enclosures with a complex system of stone walls, in some places up to 15 meters in height. After

897-511: The imperial capital. On August 18, his unit was given the name Shinsengumi . In July 1864, the Shinsengumi became well known for arresting a cell of shishi (the incident was known as the Ikedaya Jiken , or Ikedaya Affair). Kondō later had at least two mistresses in Kyoto, Miyuki and Oko, who were both geishas , with the latter he had an illegitimate daughter named Oyu, who would later become

936-480: The name Isami (勇) as of 1858, the document's date. Kondō was said to have owned a katana called "Kotetsu" ( 虎徹 ), the work of the 17th century swordsmith Nagasone Kotetsu . However, the authenticity of his "Kotetsu" is highly debatable. According to Yasu Kizu's pamphlet on the swordmaker Kotetsu, Kondō's sword may actually have been made by Minamoto no Kiyomaro , a swordmaker of high repute roughly contemporary to Kondō. Kondō married Matsui Tsune in 1860. This

975-514: The new government (formed mostly by samurai from Chōshū han and Satsuma han ) as a direct result of being accused of the assassination of Sakamoto Ryōma . Tani continued to insist that Kondō was responsible for the killing even after former Mimawarigumi member Imai Nobuo confessed in 1870. Kondō has at least four grave sites; it is believed that the first of them was the grave erected at Ten'nei-ji Temple (天寧寺) in Aizu by Hijikata Toshizō . Hijikata,

1014-505: The opening of the Tōkaidō Main Line , Chūō Main Line and Fuji Minobu Railway railways. Commercial river transport ceased in 1923. There are numerous dams for hydroelectric power generation and flood control along the various tributaries in the upper reaches of the river. The Fuji River also marks the divide of Japan's electrical grid , with the utility frequency of 50  hertz to

1053-490: The purpose of protecting the shōgun Iemochi during his time in Kyoto. Kondō joined the unit, which became known as the Rōshigumi , with his close friend Hijikata Toshizō , as well as Shieikan's members and guests Yamanami Keisuke , Okita Sōji , Harada Sanosuke , Nagakura Shinpachi , Tōdō Heisuke , and Inoue Genzaburō . After the de facto commander Kiyokawa Hachirō revealed their true purpose as being Imperial supporters,

1092-404: The remaining castle structures were pulled down. The outer areas of the castle became the location of Kōfu Station , and other areas were occupied by government offices. In 1904 the area around the inner bailey was opened to the public as Maizuru Castle Park. Since the 1990s, archaeological excavations and reconstruction of the important castle features have been ongoing, and reconstructions of

1131-412: The same day Hijikata went to Edo to see Katsu Kaishū and asked for his help in getting a pardon for Kondō. The following day, April 28, a messenger arrived at Itabashi with a letter seemingly written by Katsu requesting that Kondō's life be spared. However, the messenger was arrested and the request was denied. Kondō was put on trial on April 30, 1868 and declared guilty. As a result, Kondō was beheaded by

1170-414: The series Kaze Hikaru and Peacemaker Kurogane , among others. Kondō is briefly mentioned in the anime series Soar High! Isami by the main characters' ancestors who are also members of the Shinsengumi. The female protagonist of the series, Isami Hanaoka, is named after and based on him. He is briefly shown in the anime Golden Kamuy . Kondō is portrayed by and modelled after Eiichiro Funakoshi in

1209-550: The video game Ryu ga Gotoku Ishin! , serving as a major character in the plot of the game. In the remake, Like a Dragon: Ishin! , he is instead voiced by Akio Otsuka and has the likeness of Koichi Adachi, a character from Yakuza: Like A Dragon . Kondō Isami appeared in Rurouni Kenshin: The Beginning in 2021. He was portrayed by Takahiro Fujimoto . Kondō Isami appeared in Record of Ragnarok: Season 2. Kondō

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1248-527: Was an advantageous match for Kondō as Otsune was the daughter of Matsui Yasogorō (松井八十五郎), a retainer to the Shimizu-Tokugawa clan. On September 30, 1861, Isami became the fourth generation master ( sōke no yondai me 宗家四代目) of Tennen Rishin-ryū, assuming the name Kondō Isami and taking charge of the Shieikan. A year later, his daughter Kondō Tama (1862–1886) was born. Although he was never employed by

1287-665: Was born. Katsugorō began training at the Shieikan (the main dojo of the Tennen Rishin-ryū ) in 1848. As a young man he was said to be an avid reader, and especially liked the stories of the Forty-seven rōnin and the Romance of the Three Kingdoms . His renown as a scholar and his fame at having defeated a group of thieves who tried to break into his family home was great, and caught

1326-696: Was brought by his nephew and buried with his family. A grave mound containing Kondō's head is located behind the Hozoji temple in Okazaki , Aichi Prefecture , Japan . Another grave is located on the memorial known as Grave of Shinsengumi , in front of Itabashi Station near the location of former Itabashi execution grounds . It was erected in 1875 by Nagakura Shinpachi , with the help of Matsumoto Ryōjun and several surviving former Shinsengumi members including Saitō Hajime. It memorializes Kondō and Hijikata Toshizō. In 1876, Kondō's 14-year-old daughter Kondō Tama married his nephew Miyagawa Yūgorō, who succeed him as

1365-470: Was convalescing nearby from an injury sustained at the Battle of Utsunomiya , brought Kondō's hair there and was said to have personally supervised the preparation and construction of the site. Kondō's funerary name, Kanten'inden'junchūseigi-daikōji (貫天院殿純忠誠義大居士) is believed to have been granted by Matsudaira Katamori . Another grave site is located at Ryugenji Temple in Osawa, Mitaka , Tokyo where his body

1404-549: Was fought over by Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Late Hōjō clan , with Ieyasu emerging victorious. However, after the 1590 Siege of Odawara , Toyotomi Hideyoshi forced Ieyasu to exchange his holdings for new territories in the Kantō region and gave Kai Province to his Kato Mitsuyasu (1537–1593). Kato originally governed from the old Tsutsujigasaki palace, but as that site had minimal defenses and had little room for expansion, he began work on

1443-573: Was only through massive flood control projects which were undertaken by Takeda Shigen over a 20-year period that the area was considered inhabitable. After Takeda Shingen's death, his son Takeda Katsuyori was defeated by a coalition of the Oda clan and the Tokugawa clan in 1582. Oda Nobunaga placed his general Kawajiri Hidetaka in charge of Kai Province , but Nobunaga was assassinated only three months later and vengeful former Takeda clan retainers assassinated Kawajiri soon afterwards. The vacant province

1482-492: Was ruled by a cadet branch of the clan. Tokugawa Tsunatoyo , the daimyō of Kōfu, became the heir of the fifth Shōgun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi and moved to Edo Castle . He was replaced in 1704 by Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu , one of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi's closest retainers. Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu was also a descendant of the Takeda clan, and made strong efforts for restoring the prosperity of the region. However, his son Yanagisawa Yoshisato

1521-553: Was transferred to Yamato Kōriyama Domain, and Kai province became tenryō territory ruled directly by the shogunate though an appointed hatamoto administrator. During this period, the honmaru of the palace and the Akagenenmon gate were destroyed by a large fire in 1727. During the Boshin War of the Meiji restoration , Katsu Kaishū dispatched the Shinsengumi under Kondo Isami to seize Kōfu Castle before it could fall into

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