Misplaced Pages

#556443

69-533: For other uses, see König (disambiguation) . König ( / ˈ k eɪ n ɪ ɡ / ; German: [ˈkøːnɪç] ) is the German word for " king ". In German and other languages applying the umlaut , the transliterations Koenig and Kœnig , when referring to a surname, also occur. As a surname in English, the use of Koenig is usual, and sometimes also Konig . Notable people with

138-460: A de facto official language of Namibia after the end of German colonial rule alongside English and Afrikaans , and had de jure co-official status from 1984 until its independence from South Africa in 1990. However, the Namibian government perceived Afrikaans and German as symbols of apartheid and colonialism, and decided English would be the sole official language upon independence, stating that it

207-402: A second language , and 75–100   million as a foreign language . This would imply the existence of approximately 175–220   million German speakers worldwide. German sociolinguist Ulrich Ammon estimated a number of 289 million German foreign language speakers without clarifying the criteria by which he classified a speaker. As of 2012 , about 90   million people, or 16% of

276-587: A "commonly used" language and the Pan South African Language Board is obligated to promote and ensure respect for it. Cameroon was also a colony of the German Empire from the same period (1884 to 1916). However, German was replaced by French and English, the languages of the two successor colonial powers, after its loss in World War I . Nevertheless, since the 21st century, German has become

345-512: A Breslov community in Safed. Koenig gave his life for this cause, raising funds and working to establish this Torah center, beginning in 1967. In addition to his work on behalf of the Breslov community in Safed, Koenig was renowned for his encyclopedic knowledge of Breslov teachings and Kabbalah . He wrote Chayei Nefesh , a book explaining the meaning of binding oneself to the tzaddik (in response to

414-761: A fictional character in the anime Gundam SEED Eric Koenig , character in the Marvel Comics Universe Erwin König (died 1942), apocryphal World War II German sniper John Koenig ( Space: 1999 ) , a fictional character in the TV series Space: 1999 Karin Koenig, from the video game Shadow Hearts: Covenant Mr. Koenig the high school Drama teacher, from the cut-for-time SNL sketch, played by Will Ferrell See also [ edit ] King (surname) [REDACTED] Look up König in Wiktionary,

483-556: A greater need for regularity in written conventions. While the major changes of the MHG period were socio-cultural, High German was still undergoing significant linguistic changes in syntax, phonetics, and morphology as well (e.g. diphthongization of certain vowel sounds: hus (OHG & MHG "house") → haus (regionally in later MHG)→ Haus (NHG), and weakening of unstressed short vowels to schwa [ə]: taga (OHG "days")→ tage (MHG)). A great wealth of texts survives from

552-453: A native tongue today, mostly descendants of German colonial settlers . The period of German colonialism in Namibia also led to the evolution of a Standard German-based pidgin language called " Namibian Black German ", which became a second language for parts of the indigenous population. Although it is nearly extinct today, some older Namibians still have some knowledge of it. German remained

621-679: A popular foreign language among pupils and students, with 300,000 people learning or speaking German in Cameroon in 2010 and over 230,000 in 2020. Today Cameroon is one of the African countries outside Namibia with the highest number of people learning German. In the United States, German is the fifth most spoken language in terms of native and second language speakers after English, Spanish , French , and Chinese (with figures for Cantonese and Mandarin combined), with over 1 million total speakers. In

690-475: A result, the surviving texts are written in highly disparate regional dialects and exhibit significant Latin influence, particularly in vocabulary. At this point monasteries, where most written works were produced, were dominated by Latin, and German saw only occasional use in official and ecclesiastical writing. While there is no complete agreement over the dates of the Middle High German (MHG) period, it

759-517: A total of ten volumes. Other writings of Rabbi Koenig remain in manuscript. Koenig's two-room home in Meah Shearim was always open to those seeking advice and counsel. He was known for his ability to connect with any Jew , no matter his age or background. Koenig died in Manchester, England on 7 July 1980 (23 Tammuz 5740), while fund-raising on behalf of the Breslov community in Safed. (He shares

SECTION 10

#1733085926557

828-580: Is a recognized minority language in the following countries: In France, the High German varieties of Alsatian and Moselle Franconian are identified as " regional languages ", but the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages of 1998 has not yet been ratified by the government. Namibia also was a colony of the German Empire, from 1884 to 1915. About 30,000 people still speak German as

897-596: Is also notable for its broad spectrum of dialects , with many varieties existing in Europe and other parts of the world. Some of these non-standard varieties have become recognized and protected by regional or national governments. Since 2004, heads of state of the German-speaking countries have met every year, and the Council for German Orthography has been the main international body regulating German orthography . German

966-546: Is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages . The Germanic languages are traditionally subdivided into three branches: North Germanic , East Germanic , and West Germanic . The first of these branches survives in modern Danish , Swedish , Norwegian , Faroese , and Icelandic , all of which are descended from Old Norse . The East Germanic languages are now extinct, and Gothic

1035-472: Is called the "German Sprachraum ". German is the official language of the following countries: German is a co-official language of the following countries: Although expulsions and (forced) assimilation after the two World wars greatly diminished them, minority communities of mostly bilingual German native speakers exist in areas both adjacent to and detached from the Sprachraum. Within Europe, German

1104-430: Is complicated by the existence of several varieties whose status as separate "languages" or "dialects" is disputed for political and linguistic reasons, including quantitatively strong varieties like certain forms of Alemannic and Low German . With the inclusion or exclusion of certain varieties, it is estimated that approximately 90–95 million people speak German as a first language , 10–25   million speak it as

1173-692: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles German language German (German: Deutsch , pronounced [dɔʏtʃ] ) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family , mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe . It is the most spoken native language within the European Union . It is the most widely spoken and official (or co-official) language in Germany , Austria , Switzerland , Liechtenstein , and

1242-520: Is generally seen as ending when the 1346–53 Black Death decimated Europe's population. Modern High German begins with the Early New High German (ENHG) period, which Wilhelm Scherer dates 1350–1650, terminating with the end of the Thirty Years' War . This period saw the further displacement of Latin by German as the primary language of courtly proceedings and, increasingly, of literature in

1311-595: Is generally seen as lasting from 1050 to 1350. This was a period of significant expansion of the geographical territory occupied by Germanic tribes, and consequently of the number of German speakers. Whereas during the Old High German period the Germanic tribes extended only as far east as the Elbe and Saale rivers, the MHG period saw a number of these tribes expanding beyond this eastern boundary into Slavic territory (known as

1380-559: Is less closely related to languages based on Low Franconian dialects (e.g., Dutch and Afrikaans), Low German or Low Saxon dialects (spoken in northern Germany and southern Denmark ), neither of which underwent the High German consonant shift. As has been noted, the former of these dialect types is Istvaeonic and the latter Ingvaeonic, whereas the High German dialects are all Irminonic; the differences between these languages and standard German are therefore considerable. Also related to German are

1449-435: Is one of the major languages of the world . German is the second-most widely spoken Germanic language , after English, both as a first and as a second language . German is also widely taught as a foreign language , especially in continental Europe (where it is the third most taught foreign language after English and French), and in the United States. Overall, German is the fourth most commonly learned second language, and

SECTION 20

#1733085926557

1518-587: Is one of the three biggest newspapers in Namibia and the only German-language daily in Africa. An estimated 12,000 people speak German or a German variety as a first language in South Africa, mostly originating from different waves of immigration during the 19th and 20th centuries. One of the largest communities consists of the speakers of "Nataler Deutsch", a variety of Low German concentrated in and around Wartburg . The South African constitution identifies German as

1587-401: Is partly derived from Latin and Greek , along with fewer words borrowed from French and Modern English . English, however, is the main source of more recent loanwords . German is a pluricentric language ; the three standardized variants are German , Austrian , and Swiss Standard German . Standard German is sometimes called High German , which refers to its regional origin. German

1656-510: Is the Sachsenspiegel , the first book of laws written in Middle Low German ( c.  1220 ). The abundance and especially the secular character of the literature of the MHG period demonstrate the beginnings of a standardized written form of German, as well as the desire of poets and authors to be understood by individuals on supra-dialectal terms. The Middle High German period

1725-566: Is the only language in this branch which survives in written texts. The West Germanic languages, however, have undergone extensive dialectal subdivision and are now represented in modern languages such as English, German, Dutch , Yiddish , Afrikaans , and others. Within the West Germanic language dialect continuum, the Benrath and Uerdingen lines (running through Düsseldorf - Benrath and Krefeld - Uerdingen , respectively) serve to distinguish

1794-433: Is understood in all areas where German is spoken. Approximate distribution of native German speakers (assuming a rounded total of 95 million) worldwide: As a result of the German diaspora , as well as the popularity of German taught as a foreign language , the geographical distribution of German speakers (or "Germanophones") spans all inhabited continents. However, an exact, global number of native German speakers

1863-673: The Ostsiedlung ). With the increasing wealth and geographic spread of the Germanic groups came greater use of German in the courts of nobles as the standard language of official proceedings and literature. A clear example of this is the mittelhochdeutsche Dichtersprache employed in the Hohenstaufen court in Swabia as a standardized supra-dialectal written language. While these efforts were still regionally bound, German began to be used in place of Latin for certain official purposes, leading to

1932-627: The Alamanni , Bavarian, and Thuringian groups, all belonging to the Elbe Germanic group ( Irminones ), which had settled in what is now southern-central Germany and Austria between the second and sixth centuries, during the great migration. In general, the surviving texts of Old High German (OHG) show a wide range of dialectal diversity with very little written uniformity. The early written tradition of OHG survived mostly through monasteries and scriptoria as local translations of Latin originals; as

2001-522: The Early Middle Ages . German is an inflected language , with four cases for nouns, pronouns, and adjectives (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative); three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and two numbers (singular, plural). It has strong and weak verbs . The majority of its vocabulary derives from the ancient Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family, while a smaller share

2070-417: The European Union 's population, spoke German as their mother tongue, making it the second most widely spoken language on the continent after Russian and the second biggest language in terms of overall speakers (after English), as well as the most spoken native language. The area in central Europe where the majority of the population speaks German as a first language and has German as a (co-)official language

2139-514: The German states . While these states were still part of the Holy Roman Empire , and far from any form of unification, the desire for a cohesive written language that would be understandable across the many German-speaking principalities and kingdoms was stronger than ever. As a spoken language German remained highly fractured throughout this period, with a vast number of often mutually incomprehensible regional dialects being spoken throughout

König - Misplaced Pages Continue

2208-724: The Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I , and the other being Meißner Deutsch , used in the Electorate of Saxony in the Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg . Alongside these courtly written standards, the invention of the printing press led to the development of a number of printers' languages ( Druckersprachen ) aimed at making printed material readable and understandable across as many diverse dialects of German as possible. The greater ease of production and increased availability of written texts brought about increased standardisation in

2277-560: The Nefesh HaChaim by Rabbi Chaim Volozhin ), which was published during his lifetime, and left many unpublished manuscripts filled with chiddushim (new Torah thoughts) on Likutey Moharan , Rebbe Nachman's major work. His collected letters, entitled Shaarei Tzaddik ("Gates to the Righteous"), were published prior to Rosh Hashanah in 2012 (5773) in two volumes. The following year, another two volumes were published, and today there are

2346-644: The Old High German language in several Elder Futhark inscriptions from as early as the sixth century AD (such as the Pforzen buckle ), the Old High German period is generally seen as beginning with the Abrogans (written c.  765–775 ), a Latin-German glossary supplying over 3,000 Old High German words with their Latin equivalents. After the Abrogans , the first coherent works written in Old High German appear in

2415-640: The Sprachraum in Europe. German is used in a wide variety of spheres throughout the country, especially in business, tourism, and public signage, as well as in education, churches (most notably the German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (GELK) ), other cultural spheres such as music, and media (such as German language radio programs by the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation ). The Allgemeine Zeitung

2484-536: The Standard German language in its written form, and the Duden Handbook was declared its standard definition. Punctuation and compound spelling (joined or isolated compounds) were not standardized in the process. The Deutsche Bühnensprache ( lit.   ' German stage language ' ) by Theodor Siebs had established conventions for German pronunciation in theatres , three years earlier; however, this

2553-503: The Upper German dialects spoken in the southern German-speaking countries , such as Swiss German ( Alemannic dialects ) and the various Germanic dialects spoken in the French region of Grand Est , such as Alsatian (mainly Alemannic, but also Central–and   Upper Franconian dialects) and Lorraine Franconian (Central Franconian). After these High German dialects, standard German

2622-462: The pagan Germanic tradition. Of particular interest to scholars, however, has been the Hildebrandslied , a secular epic poem telling the tale of an estranged father and son unknowingly meeting each other in battle. Linguistically, this text is highly interesting due to the mixed use of Old Saxon and Old High German dialects in its composition. The written works of this period stem mainly from

2691-714: The Empire. Its use indicated that the speaker was a merchant or someone from an urban area, regardless of nationality. Prague (German: Prag ) and Budapest ( Buda , German: Ofen ), to name two examples, were gradually Germanized in the years after their incorporation into the Habsburg domain; others, like Pressburg ( Pozsony , now Bratislava), were originally settled during the Habsburg period and were primarily German at that time. Prague, Budapest, Bratislava, and cities like Zagreb (German: Agram ) or Ljubljana (German: Laibach ), contained significant German minorities. In

2760-718: The Frisian languages— North Frisian (spoken in Nordfriesland ), Saterland Frisian (spoken in Saterland ), and West Frisian (spoken in Friesland )—as well as the Anglic languages of English and Scots. These Anglo-Frisian dialects did not take part in the High German consonant shift, and the Anglic languages also adopted much vocabulary from both Old Norse and the Norman language . The history of

2829-524: The German language begins with the High German consonant shift during the Migration Period , which separated Old High German dialects from Old Saxon . This sound shift involved a drastic change in the pronunciation of both voiced and voiceless stop consonants ( b , d , g , and p , t , k , respectively). The primary effects of the shift were the following below. While there is written evidence of

König - Misplaced Pages Continue

2898-447: The German states; the invention of the printing press c.  1440 and the publication of Luther's vernacular translation of the Bible in 1534, however, had an immense effect on standardizing German as a supra-dialectal written language. The ENHG period saw the rise of several important cross-regional forms of chancery German, one being gemeine tiutsch , used in the court of

2967-675: The Germanic dialects that were affected by the High German consonant shift (south of Benrath) from those that were not (north of Uerdingen). The various regional dialects spoken south of these lines are grouped as High German dialects, while those spoken to the north comprise the Low German and Low Franconian dialects. As members of the West Germanic language family, High German, Low German, and Low Franconian have been proposed to be further distinguished historically as Irminonic , Ingvaeonic , and Istvaeonic , respectively. This classification indicates their historical descent from dialects spoken by

3036-646: The Irminones (also known as the Elbe group), Ingvaeones (or North Sea Germanic group), and Istvaeones (or Weser–Rhine group). Standard German is based on a combination of Thuringian - Upper Saxon and Upper Franconian dialects, which are Central German and Upper German dialects belonging to the High German dialect group. German is therefore closely related to the other languages based on High German dialects, such as Luxembourgish (based on Central Franconian dialects ) and Yiddish . Also closely related to Standard German are

3105-1008: The Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol . It is also an official language of Luxembourg , Belgium and the Italian autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia , as well as a recognized national language in Namibia . There are also notable German-speaking communities in France ( Alsace ), the Czech Republic ( North Bohemia ), Poland ( Upper Silesia ), Slovakia ( Košice Region , Spiš , and Hauerland ), Denmark ( North Schleswig ), Romania and Hungary ( Sopron ). Overseas, sizeable communities of German-speakers are found in Brazil ( Blumenau and Pomerode ), South Africa ( Kroondal ), Namibia , among others, some communities have decidedly Austrian German or Swiss German characters (e.g. Pozuzo , Peru). German

3174-507: The MHG period. Significantly, these texts include a number of impressive secular works, such as the Nibelungenlied , an epic poem telling the story of the dragon -slayer Siegfried ( c.  thirteenth century ), and the Iwein , an Arthurian verse poem by Hartmann von Aue ( c.  1203 ), lyric poems , and courtly romances such as Parzival and Tristan . Also noteworthy

3243-2431: The Vice President of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany Elazar Mordechai Koenig (1945–2018), Israeli Hasidic rabbi Ernst König (1908–1986), Wehrmacht officer during World War II Erwin König Eugen König (1896–1985), Wehrmacht officer during World War II Ezra Koenig (born 1984), American musician, singer/guitarist in Vampire Weekend Franz König (1905–2004), Cardinal, Archbishop of Vienna Franz König (surgeon) (1832–1910), German surgeon Franz Niklaus König (1765–1832), Swiss painter Franz Koenigs (1881–1941), German-Dutch banker and art collector Fred Koenig (1931–1993), American baseball player and coach Friedrich Koenig (1774–1833), German inventor Friedrich König (painter) (1857–1941), Austrian artist Friedrich Eduard König (1846–1936), German Protestant theologian and Semitic scholar Fritz Koenig (1924–2017), German artist and sculptor G to M [ edit ] Gabriela König (born 1952), German politician Gedaliah Aharon Koenig , Israeli Hasidic rabbi George Konig (1856–1913), American politician Gottfried Michael Koenig (1926–2021), German-Dutch composer Gyula Kőnig (1849–1913), also known as Julius König, Hungarian mathematician Hannes Koenig (born 2001), German gymnast Harold G. Koenig , American psychiatrist Herbert D. Koenig (1933–2018), Doctor of Osteopathy Imre König (1899–1992), Hungarian chess master Jan Latham-Koenig (born 1953), English conductor Jared Koenig (born 1994), American baseball player Jörn König (born 1967), German politician Johann König (painter) (1586–1642), German painter Johann Friedrich König (1619–1664), German Lutheran theologian Johann Balthasar König (1691–1758), German composer Johann Samuel König (1712–1757), German mathematician Johann Gerhard König (1728–1785), German botanist active in India Johann König (gymnast) (1932–2020), Austrian gymnast Johann König (art dealer) (born 1981), German art dealer John Koenig (diplomat) , American diplomat John Koenig,

3312-2741: The creator of The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows Joseph König (theologian) (1819–1900), German theologian Joseph König (chemist) (1843–1930), German chemist Juan Ramón Koenig (1623–1709) Peruvian scientist Julian Koenig (1921–2014), American advertising executive Karl König (1902–1966), Austrian paediatrician Kip Koenig , American film and television producer and screenwriter Laird Koenig (1927–2023), American author Lea Koenig (born 1929), Israeli actor Leo von König (1871–1944), German painter Leopold König (born 1987), Czech road cyclist Lothar Koenigs (born 1965), German conductor Mark Koenig (1904–1993), American baseball player Marie-Pierre Kœnig (1898–1970), French army officer and politician Miroslav König (born 1972), Slovak football player Morris Koenig (1883–1939), Hungarian-American lawyer and judge N to Z [ edit ] Oliver Koenig (born 1981), German athlete Ove König (1950–2020), Swedish speed skater Paul König (1867–1933), German merchant navy officer Paul König (Scouting) Peter Konig Pia König (born 1993), Austrian tennis player Pierre Koenig (1925–2004), American architect Ralf König (born 1960), German comic artist Regina König , German luger René König (1906–1992), German sociologist Robbie Koenig (born 1971), South African tennis player and broadcaster Robert Koenig (sculptor) (born 1961), British sculptor Robert Koenig (filmmaker) (born 1975), American film director, producer, writer and editor Robert König (1885–1979), Austrian mathematician Ronny König (born 1983), German football player Rudolph Koenig (1832–1901), German acoustical physicist Rudolf König (1865–1927), Austrian merchant, astronomer and selenographer Samuel S. Koenig (1872–1955), Hungarian-American lawyer and politician Sarah Koenig (born 1969), American journalist Stephanie Koenig , American actress and writer Sven Koenig (computer scientist) , German-American computer scientist Sven Koenig (cricketer) (born 1973), South African cricketer Swen König (born 1985), Swiss football player Todd Koenig (born 1985), American football player Trevor Koenig (born 1974), Canadian ice hockey player Vroni König-Salmi (born 1969), Swiss orienteerer Walter Koenig (born 1936), American actor William Edward Koenig (born 1956), American Catholic bishop Willy Koenig of Koenig Specials Wolf Koenig (1927–2014), German-Canadian film director, producer, animator and cinematographer Xavier Koenig (born 1984), Mauritian squash player Fictional people [ edit ] Tolle Koenig ,

3381-561: The daughter of Rabbi Dovid Moshe Ehrentrau of Jerusalem. His mentor, Abraham Sternhartz, performed the wedding ceremony. When the Jews of the Old City were expelled by Jordanian forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War , Koenig followed Sternhartz to the neighborhood of Katamon . He eventually made his home in Meah Shearim . It was Sternhartz who entrusted Koenig with the mission of establishing

3450-430: The development of non-local forms of language and exposed all speakers to forms of German from outside their own area. With Luther's rendering of the Bible in the vernacular, German asserted itself against the dominance of Latin as a legitimate language for courtly, literary, and now ecclesiastical subject-matter. His Bible was ubiquitous in the German states: nearly every household possessed a copy. Nevertheless, even with

3519-452: The dialect so as to make the work as natural and accessible to German speakers as possible. Copies of Luther's Bible featured a long list of glosses for each region, translating words which were unknown in the region into the regional dialect. Luther said the following concerning his translation method: One who would talk German does not ask the Latin how he shall do it; he must ask the mother in

SECTION 50

#1733085926557

3588-411: The early generations of the movement to the later ones. Sternhartz was the great-grandson of Reb Noson Sternhartz , the leading disciple of Rebbe Nachman of Breslov . Sternhartz immigrated from Uman, Ukraine to Jerusalem in 1936 and taught many students, producing Breslov leaders for coming generations. Koenig became one of Sternhartz's leading disciples. At age 18, Koenig married Esther Yehudit,

3657-435: The eastern provinces of Banat , Bukovina , and Transylvania (German: Banat, Buchenland, Siebenbürgen ), German was the predominant language not only in the larger towns—like Temeschburg ( Timișoara ), Hermannstadt ( Sibiu ), and Kronstadt ( Brașov )—but also in many smaller localities in the surrounding areas. In 1901, the Second Orthographic Conference ended with a (nearly) complete standardization of

3726-437: The free dictionary. References [ edit ] ^ Hanks, Patrick (2003). Dictionary of American Family Names . Oxford University Press. pp. 328, 334. ISBN   978-0-19-508137-4 . [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname König . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding

3795-435: The home, the children on the streets, the common man in the market-place and note carefully how they talk, then translate accordingly. They will then understand what is said to them because it is German. When Christ says ' ex abundantia cordis os loquitur ,' I would translate, if I followed the papists, aus dem Überflusz des Herzens redet der Mund . But tell me is this talking German? What German understands such stuff? No,

3864-417: The influence of Luther's Bible as an unofficial written standard, a widely accepted standard for written German did not appear until the middle of the eighteenth century. German was the language of commerce and government in the Habsburg Empire , which encompassed a large area of Central and Eastern Europe . Until the mid-nineteenth century, it was essentially the language of townspeople throughout most of

3933-422: The largest concentrations of German speakers are in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (where Riograndenser Hunsrückisch developed), Santa Catarina , and Espírito Santo . Gedaliah Aharon Koenig Born in the Old City of Jerusalem , Koenig became a Chabad Hasid during his teens. He was drawn to Breslov by Rabbi Abraham Sternhartz , a key figure in the chain of transmission of Breslov teachings from

4002-402: The mother in the home and the plain man would say, Wesz das Herz voll ist, des gehet der Mund über . Luther's translation of the Bible into High German was also decisive for the German language and its evolution from Early New High German to modern Standard German. The publication of Luther's Bible was a decisive moment in the spread of literacy in early modern Germany , and promoted

4071-1220: The name include: People [ edit ] A to F [ edit ] Adam Koenig (born 1971), American politician Adrianus König (1867–1944), Dutch politician Aislinn Konig Alexander Koenig (1858–1940), German naturalist Alexander König (born 1966), German skater Alfons König (1898–1944), Wehrmacht officer during World War II Alfred König (1913–1987), Austrian-Turkish Olympic sprinter Andrew Koenig (1968–2010), American actor Andrew Koenig (politician) (born 1982), American politician in Missouri Andrew Koenig (programmer) , American computer scientist and author Anna Leonore König (1771–1854), Swedish singer Arthur König (1856–1901), German physician and researcher into optics Bronson Koenig (born 1994), American basketball player Charles Konig (1774–1851), German-born British naturalist Claës König (1885–1961), Swedish horse rider Dave Konig (born 1962), American comedian Dénes Kőnig (1884–1944), Hungarian mathematician, son of Gyula Dieter König (1931–1991), hydroplane racer, manufacturer of Konig two stroke engines Doris König (born 1957), judge, jurisprudent and public law scholar who serves as

4140-423: The ninth century, chief among them being the Muspilli , Merseburg charms , and Hildebrandslied , and other religious texts (the Georgslied , Ludwigslied , Evangelienbuch , and translated hymns and prayers). The Muspilli is a Christian poem written in a Bavarian dialect offering an account of the soul after the Last Judgment , and the Merseburg charms are transcriptions of spells and charms from

4209-1050: The person's given name (s) to the link. v t e Family names derived from the word " king " Germanic West Germanic: De Coninck , De Koninck , King , König , Koning , Konings , Konink , Kooning Romance Latin: Rex Iberian: Rey Slavic East Slavic: Korol , Korolchuk , Korolenko , Korolev/ Korolyov , Karolik / Korolik , Korolyuk South Slavic: Kralj , Kraljević West Slavic: Král , Kráľ , Król Borrowed into other languages: Kral Other Baltic: Karalius Estonian: Kuningas Finnish: Kuningas Hungarian: Király Chinese: Wang Vietnamese: Vương Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=König&oldid=1260178918 " Categories : Surnames German-language surnames Surnames of German origin Surnames from nicknames Hidden categories: Pages with German IPA Articles with short description Short description

SECTION 60

#1733085926557

4278-462: The pronunciation of the ending -ig as [ɪk] instead of [ɪç]. In Northern Germany, High German was a foreign language to most inhabitants, whose native dialects were subsets of Low German. It was usually encountered only in writing or formal speech; in fact, most of High German was a written language, not identical to any spoken dialect, throughout the German-speaking area until well into the 19th century. However, wider standardization of pronunciation

4347-492: The states of North Dakota and South Dakota , German is the most common language spoken at home after English. As a legacy of significant German immigration to the country , German geographical names can be found throughout the Midwest region , such as New Ulm and Bismarck (North Dakota's state capital), plus many other regions. A number of German varieties have developed in the country and are still spoken today, such as Pennsylvania Dutch and Texas German . In Brazil,

4416-449: The third most commonly learned second language in the United States in K-12 education. The language has been influential in the fields of philosophy, theology, science, and technology. It is the second most commonly used language in science and the third most widely used language on websites . The German-speaking countries are ranked fifth in terms of annual publication of new books, with one-tenth of all books (including e-books) in

4485-438: The world being published in German. German is most closely related to other West Germanic languages, namely Afrikaans , Dutch , English , the Frisian languages , and Scots . It also contains close similarities in vocabulary to some languages in the North Germanic group , such as Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish . Modern German gradually developed from Old High German , which in turn developed from Proto-Germanic during

4554-415: The written form of German. One of the central events in the development of ENHG was the publication of Luther's translation of the Bible into High German (the New Testament was published in 1522; the Old Testament was published in parts and completed in 1534). Luther based his translation primarily on the Meißner Deutsch of Saxony , spending much time among the population of Saxony researching

4623-429: Was a "neutral" language as there were virtually no English native speakers in Namibia at that time. German, Afrikaans, and several indigenous languages thus became "national languages" by law, identifying them as elements of the cultural heritage of the nation and ensuring that the state acknowledged and supported their presence in the country. Today, Namibia is considered to be the only German-speaking country outside of

4692-407: Was an artificial standard that did not correspond to any traditional spoken dialect. Rather, it was based on the pronunciation of German in Northern Germany, although it was subsequently regarded often as a general prescriptive norm, despite differing pronunciation traditions especially in the Upper-German-speaking regions that still characterise the dialect of the area today – especially

4761-427: Was established on the basis of public speaking in theatres and the media during the 20th century and documented in pronouncing dictionaries. Official revisions of some of the rules from 1901 were not issued until the controversial German orthography reform of 1996 was made the official standard by governments of all German-speaking countries. Media and written works are now almost all produced in Standard German which

#556443