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55-560: Kärizek Borough formed on 18 March 2023, in accordance with a decree of the Assembly of Turkmenistan . On 11 April 2023, Mekan Doglotov was appointed mayor of Kärizek Borough. In May 2023 the Turkmenistan parliament designated the community of Aba Annaýew, constructed to house equestrians and support staff for the nearby hippodrome, a town, subordinate to the city of Arkadag and part of Kärizek Borough. This Turkmenistan location article

110-629: A Common and Comprehensive Security Model for Europe for the Twenty-First Century" affirmed the universal and indivisible nature of security on the European continent. In Istanbul on 19 November 1999, the OSCE ended a two-day summit by calling for a political settlement in Chechnya and adopting a Charter for European Security . Through its Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR),

165-642: A court in the Luhansk People's Republic for "alleged high treason and espionage for the United States." In March 2022, 45 participating States promoted, with the support of Ukraine, the activation of the Moscow Mechanism for the establishment of an independent expert mission on violations and abuses committed in the war of the Russian Federation, supported by Belarus, against Ukraine. The report of

220-614: A new constitution drafted by Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow in 2008, making the Assembly/Mejlis the unicameral parliament again. However, following the adoption of another new constitution in September 2016, President Berdimuhamedow issued a decree on 10 October 2017 transforming the Council of Elders back into the People's Council. The first meeting of the re-created upper chamber took place following

275-570: A parliamentary body, an arrangement formalised in 2020. A 2003 law reduced the power of the Assembly and augmented that of the People's Council. This meant that until 2008 the Assembly could be legally dissolved by the People's Council, was led by the President, and was no longer able to amend the Constitution. Subsequently, the People's Council was demoted and reorganised into the Council of Elders by

330-517: A statement expressing concern over the alleged security breach. Russia has accused members of the Mission of working for the Ukrainian SBU and of spying on the pro-Russian separatists. Furthermore, Russia has accused the mission of bias after it reported troop movements from separatist forces, accusing the mission of ignoring similar moves from Ukraine. Russia's foreign minister also has claimed that

385-563: A unicameral parliament with the Assembly as its sole chamber. On 16 March 2023 President Serdar Berdimuhamedow signed into law a new "Law on the Mejlis". It confirms membership of 125 deputies in Article 2, establishes the authorities of the Mejlis in Article 18, and in Article 40 disqualifies any "member of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan , governor, mayor, judge, prosecutor" from membership in

440-587: A vehicle with the organization's markings; this prompted allegations that the OSCE was biased in the war and not interested in carrying out its duties of mediating a ceasefire. The organization issued a statement regretting the incident. Moreover, the OSCE Observer Mission at Russian Checkpoints Gukovo and Donetsk (which is organizationally separate from the Special Monitoring Mission) also received criticism alleging that only two checkpoints on

495-505: A way to reduce the tension in the region, furthering economic cooperation and obtaining humanitarian improvements for the populations of the communist bloc . The recommendations of the talks, in the form of "The Blue Book", gave the practical foundations for a three-stage conference called the "Helsinki process". The CSCE opened in Helsinki on 3 July 1973 with 35 states sending representatives. Stage I took only five days to agree to follow

550-495: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Assembly of Turkmenistan Government support (60) The Assembly ( Turkmen : Mejlis ) is the unicameral legislature of Turkmenistan . Between March 2021 and 21 January 2023, it was the lower house of the National Council of Turkmenistan . It consists of 125 members, who are elected for five-year terms in single-seat constituencies . In addition to

605-593: The 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence still rankles in Russia. The ongoing Mission to Macedonia is monitoring and supporting the implementation of the Ohrid Framework Agreement that put an end to the 2001 armed conflict in North Macedonia . The current mission to Serbia started after Slobodan Milošević lost his power as President of Serbia and Montenegro in 2000. The mission was mandated to assist

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660-566: The Armenia–Azerbaijan border . The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine began on February 24. The OSCE mandate in Ukraine expired on March 31, 2022, due to objections by Russia. On April 24, 2022, the OSCE protested the detention of four staff members in Donetsk and Luhansk, without specifying who had detained them. On 20 September, two Ukrainian OSCE staffers were sentenced to 13 years of prison by

715-751: The Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe was criticized from within by the Latvian delegation for lacking transparency and democracy. Spencer Oliver (b. 1938) secretary general of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, who held the post from the organization's inception in 1992 until 2015, faced a challenge from the Latvian Artis Pabriks . According to

770-463: The Republic of Moldova within its internationally recognised borders with a special status for Transnistria . OSCE promoted a 5+2 format as a diplomatic negotiation platform, which began in 2005, suspended by Russia and Transnistria in 2006 until it started again in 2012, before making slow progress over the next ten years. The process stopped following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine as two of

825-462: The U.S. Department of State stated that OSCE observers enjoyed immunities. In the event, no incidents between OSCE and Texas authorities were recorded during the elections. In April 2017, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan criticized the OSCE for reporting that opposition "No" campaigners in the Turkish constitutional referendum had faced bans, police interventions and arrests. Erdoğan said: "Now

880-724: The Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc . Most of its 57 participating countries are in Europe , but with some members in Asia or in North America . The participating countries comprise much of the land area of the Northern Hemisphere . The OSCE is concerned with early warning , conflict prevention, crisis management , and post-conflict rehabilitation. The Organization has its roots in

935-622: The "eyes and ears of the international community", others have accused the mission of bias towards either Russia or Ukraine. On 27 April 2014, the Girkin group that had taken control in the city of Sloviansk took eight members of the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission (OSCE SMM) as hostages. The group appointed Vyacheslav Ponomarev as mayor of the city. During the war in Donbas , an OSCE observer allowed Russian separatists to travel in

990-830: The 1975 Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE). Talks had been mooted about a European security grouping since the 1950s but the Cold War prevented any substantial progress until the talks at Dipoli in Espoo began in November 1972. These talks were held at the suggestion of the Soviet Union which wished to use the talks to maintain its control over the communist states in Eastern Europe , and President of Finland Urho Kekkonen hosted them in order to bolster his policy of neutrality . Western Europe , however, saw these talks as

1045-550: The 2018 regional and local elections. Election to the upper chamber was held on 28 March 2021. In January 2023 both chambers of parliament proposed to abolish the People's Council (Halk Maslahaty) as a legislative organ, to reform it as an independent body, and to place all legislative authority in a unicameral Mejlis. A joint session of the National Council voted unanimously in favour of this on 22 January 2023, re-establishing

1100-676: The Blue Book. Stage II was the main working phase and was conducted in Geneva from 18 September 1973 until 21 July 1975. The result of Stage II was the Helsinki Final Act . This was signed by the 35 participating states during Stage III, which took place in Finlandia Hall between 30 July – 1 August 1975. It was opened by the Holy See 's diplomat Cardinal Agostino Casaroli , who

1155-717: The Constitution and laws, amendments and additions to them, control over their implementation, and their official interpretation; 2) election of the Chairman of the Mejlis and the Deputy Chairman of the Mejlis and their dismissal from office; 3) establishment of the Presidium of the Mejlis; 4) formation, reorganization and abolition of committees and commissions of the Mejlis, approval of their compositions, election of chairmen and deputy chairmen of committees and commissions, and their dismissal from office; (5) Mandatory consideration of

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1210-428: The Mejlis. Elections were held on 26 March 2023 for the seventh session of the Mejlis. On 6 April 2023, Dunýagözel Akmuhammedowna Gulmanowa was elected speaker. The previous chairman of the Mejlis was Gülşat Mämmedowa from 30 March 2018 until 6 April 2023. Mämmedowa succeeded Akja Nurberdiýewa . The Constitution of Turkmenistan stipulates that the assembly: The Article 18 authorities include 1) Adoption of

1265-535: The Mission of Experts was presented to the OSCE Permanent Council on 13 April 2022 and documented clear patterns of violations of international humanitarian law by the Russian Armed Forces in Ukraine. OSCE/ ODIHR continues to monitor the violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law in Ukraine. On 2 June 2022, the same 45 participating States invoked again

1320-633: The Moscow Mechanism to establish a new mission of experts to consider, follow up and build upon the findings of the Moscow Mechanism report published in April 2022. The subsequent report, presented on 14 July 2022 to the OSCE Permanent Council, confirmed the outcomes of the previous mission and identified blatant violations of international humanitarian law, mainly attributable to the Russian armed forces, as well as widespread violations of human rights, especially in

1375-520: The ODIHR deployed an assessment mission, made up of participants from six OSCE member states, which observed that year's US presidential election and produced a report. It was the first time that a US presidential election was the subject of OSCE monitoring, although the organization had previously monitored state-level American elections in Florida and California, in 2002 and 2003. Members of OSCE have criticised

1430-606: The OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine. According to a letter that was sent by Russian OSCE representatives to OSCE Secretary-General Helga Schmid in January 2023, 71 trucks and cars were brought to the Luhansk People's Republic and the Donetsk People's Republic as "evidence" and criminal proceedings were initiated against former OSCE personnel for espionage. In 2004, the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly sent election observers to

1485-479: The OSCE observes and assesses elections in its member states, in order to support fair and transparent democratic processes, in keeping with the mutual standards to which the organization is committed; between 1994 and 2004 the OSCE sent teams of observers to monitor more than 150 elections, typically focusing on elections in emerging democracies. In 2004, at the invitation of the United States Government,

1540-421: The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe says if the result is 'yes', that means there are a lot of problems. Who are you? First of all, you should know your place. This is not your duty." On 21 March 2014, the OSCE deployed its Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine at the request of Ukraine's government. The mission has received mixed reviews. While some observers have applauded its function as

1595-485: The President of Turkmenistan; (12) Election of a Turkmenistan plenipotentiary - the Ombudsman, on the nomination of the President of Turkmenistan; (13) Introduction of State honours; and (14) Awarding of State awards and conferral of military and other State titles to the President of Turkmenistan; (15) Ratification and renunciation of international instruments; (16) Resolving questions related to any modification of

1650-541: The Russian–Ukrainian border are currently being monitored, which Daniel Baer, the US ambassador to the OSCE at the time, described as "seriously inadequate". The mission has been criticized for taking months to deploy drones to help monitor borders as well as withdrawing them after only several weeks of use due to Russian electronic attacks. Drones have been reintroduced to observe the conflict in 2018. In 2014, an advisor to

1705-530: The State border and the administrative-territorial division of Turkmenistan; (17) Determining the conformity with the Constitution of laws and regulations issued by State authorities; (18) Considering and approving annual and prospective plans for legislative work; (19) Considering issues of peace and security; 20) Exercising organizational and methodological assistance in the activity of local authorities and councils; (21) Addressing other issues falling within

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1760-401: The U.S. presidential elections. The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly's president at the time was Democratic Congressman Alcee Hastings . Hastings had previously been impeached for corruption by the U.S. Congress. The OSCE faced criticism of partisanship and double standards due to Hastings's past and the fact that the OSCE's mandate was to promote democracy and the values of civil society. In 2010,

1815-662: The Ukrainian Ministry of Defence wrongly claimed that approximately 80% of the OSCE observers located near Mariupol were Russian citizens and that many had ties to Russian security agencies such as the FSB and the GRU . In reality, one observer out of 17 in Mariupol was a Russian citizen. In total, the mission reports the number of Russian citizens in its ranks as 39 out of 720, or 5,4%. The organization has also been accused of allegedly revealing

1870-506: The approval of laws enacted by the President of Turkmenistan; (6) Consideration of approval of the programme of activities of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan; (7) Consideration of the issue of approving the State budget of Turkmenistan and the report on its implementation; (8) Consideration of the main thrusts of domestic and foreign policy of Turkmenistan and of programmes for the political, economic, social and cultural development of

1925-455: The authorities and civil society with democratic development and human rights protection, including the rights of persons belonging to national minorities. To promote democratisation, tolerance and the rule of law. The current mission began with the 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum , monitored by OSCE, with a mandate being granted with the objective of assisting and promoting the implementation of OSCE principles and commitments including

1980-513: The capital Tbilisi . The Mission's mandate expired on 31 December 2008. Between these dates it was powerless to control the outbreak of the August 2008 Russo-Georgian war . The objective of the mission to Moldova is to facilitate a comprehensive and lasting political settlement of the Transnistria conflict in all its aspects, strengthening the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of

2035-700: The competence of the Mejlis in accordance with the Constitution and laws of Turkmenistan. The Mejlis belongs to the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly and the Inter-Parliamentary Union . 37°55′51″N 58°22′46″E  /  37.93083°N 58.37944°E  / 37.93083; 58.37944 OSCE The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe ( OSCE ) is a regional security-oriented intergovernmental organization comprising member states in Europe, North America, and Asia. Its mandate includes issues such as arms control ,

2090-580: The country; (9) Deciding questions relating to national referenda; (10) Calling for the election of the President of Turkmenistan, members of the Mejlis, provincial, district and municipal people's councils and local councils; (11) Considering the appointment and dismissal of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Prosecutor-General, Minister of the Interior and Minister of Justice on the recommendation of

2145-709: The development of a multi-national and multi-ethnic democratic society. The OSCE Kosovo Verification Mission was established by the Permanent Council in October 1998 and shuttered in June 1999 amidst the recalcitrance of the Milosevic regime . The 1999 OSCE Mission in Kosovo took over the work in Kosovo where it concentrates on institution and democracy building, as well as human rights. The OSCE's refusal to police events surrounding

2200-492: The locations of Ukrainian troops to Russian forces during the conflict. On 1 December 2014, the mission was in the area to "facilitate a local ceasefire and monitor the repair works on a power station", that it "heard an exchange of artillery fire between unspecified parties", and that "artillery rounds were impacting at approximately 1km to the east of the SMM's position; therefore the SMM left due to security concerns". Furthermore,

2255-535: The mission failed to pay sufficient attention to human and minority rights within the Government-controlled areas of Ukraine. Furthermore, he criticised that the mission did not clearly attribute ceasefire violations to either side. An OSCE Needs Assessment Team was sent to Armenia between 21 and 27 October 2022 following the Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis . The request was made by the government of Armenia . The OSCE sent international experts to monitor

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2310-435: The organisation for being in a position where Russia, and sometimes Belarus, can veto all OSCE decisions, Moscow has, for a number of years, not allowed the approval of the organisation's budget, the organisation of official OSCE events or the extension of missions. In November 2023 they vetoed the appointment of Estonia as chairman from 2024. The OSCE Mission to Georgia was established in November 1992 with its headquarters in

2365-603: The parties were then at war with each other. In December 2022 Russia blocked the renewal of the annual mandate by limiting it to a six month period, repeated again in June 2023 to another six month period. The Bosnian War concluded in 1995 with the Dayton Agreement with the ongoing OSCE Mission being mandated to helping to secure lasting peace and therefore to build a stable, secure, and democratic state through building sustainable democratic institutions, strengthening good governance and human rights principles, and supporting

2420-405: The picture is an individual incident that should not be abused to cast a shadow on the reputation of other mission members." The OSCE reported that the monitors were no longer with the OSCE special monitoring mission. In April 2017, an OSCE vehicle struck a mine, which killed one SMM member and injured two. Two armoured vehicles were on patrol near Luhansk when one struck the mine. The dead man

2475-590: The politico-military and human aspects of security and stability. Before the U.S. presidential elections of November 2012, the OSCE announced its intention to send electoral observers to Texas and to other U.S. states . This prompted the Attorney General of Texas Greg Abbott to send letters to U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and to the OSCE, threatening to arrest OSCE officials if they should enter electoral premises in Texas and break Texas law . In reply,

2530-413: The promotion of human rights , freedom of the press , and free and fair elections . It employs around 3,460 people, mostly in its field operations but also in its secretariat in Vienna , Austria , and its institutions. It has observer status at the United Nations . The OSCE had its origins in 1975: its predecessors came together during the era of the Cold War to form a forum for discussion between

2585-458: The report states that the "SMM team in the JCCC was in constant contact with the SMM team in Staromikhailivka". No mention of a wounded observer is made. On 27 October 2015, a suspended OSCE monitor confirmed he had been a former employee of Russia's Main Intelligence Directorate . The suspended SMM stated that he had no trouble receiving the position and neither the OSCE nor Ukraine's Security Service thoroughly checked his background. Following

2640-400: The report the OSCE issued a comment stating the monitor had been fired due to violations of the organization's code of conduct. On 6 April 2016, photos of OSCE monitors attending the wedding of a Russian separatist emerged. The wedding had taken place in June 2015. The OSCE expressed regret over the incident, issuing a statement saying "The unprofessional behaviour displayed by the monitors in

2695-408: The right to form, join and participate effectively in non-governmental organizations, which seek the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms." The Moscow Mechanism was agreed in 1991. The fall of the Soviet Union required a change of role for the CSCE. The Charter of Paris for a New Europe , signed on 21 November 1990, marked the beginning of this change. The process

2750-459: The rules of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, the incumbent general secretary can only be replaced with a full consensus minus one. Pabriks called the rules "quite shocking from the perspective of an organization that's monitoring elections". The six official languages of the OSCE are English , French , German , Italian , Spanish and Russian . A unique aspect of the OSCE is the non-binding status of its constitutive charter. Rather than being

2805-412: The speaker (chairperson) and deputy speaker, the Mejlis is organised into committees, which are decided on at the beginning of each convocation. The speaker, deputy speaker, and committee chairs form a presidium, which is responsible for organizing the work of the Mejlis. Originally, the Assembly shared power with the People's Council . Between 2018 and January 2023, the People's Council was restored as

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2860-509: The territories under effective control of the Russian Federation. The Russian delegation was not invited to the 29th OSCE Ministerial Council in December 2022 where the delegates considered the ramifications and regional security challenges created by Russia's continued war against Ukraine. There were calls to assess the reparations that Russia should be accountable for. Since the start of its invasion of Ukraine, Russia has seized €2.7 million worth of armored vehicles that were previously part of

2915-498: Was an American paramedic, while the injured included a woman from Germany and a man from the Czech Republic . On 18 July 2018, the German broadcaster ARD reported that Russian intelligence services had received inside information about the activities of the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine from a staff member of the OSCE. The insider information consisted of observers' preferences in alcohol and women, their financial situation, and their contacts in Ukraine. The OSCE issued

2970-416: Was capped by the renaming of the CSCE as the OSCE on 1 January 1995, in accordance with the results of a conference held in Budapest in 1994. The OSCE now had a formal secretariat, a Senior Council, a Parliamentary Assembly, a Conflict Prevention Centre, and an Office for Free Elections, which later became the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. In December 1996, the " Lisbon Declaration on

3025-529: Was the chairman of the conference. The concepts of improving relations and implementing the act were developed over a series of follow-up meetings, with major gatherings in Belgrade (4 October 1977 – 8 March 1978), Madrid (11 November 1980 – 9 September 1983) and Vienna (4 November 1986 – 19 January 1989). The Copenhagen commitment was written "to ensure that individuals are permitted to exercise their rights to peaceful assembly and freedom of association, including

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