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Justina Ford

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Justina Laurena Ford (January 22, 1871 – October 14, 1952) was an American physician . She was the first licensed African American female doctor in Denver , Colorado, and practiced gynecology , obstetrics , and pediatrics from her home for half a century.

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23-611: Justina Laurena Warren was born in 1871 in Knoxville, Illinois several years after the Civil War. She was one of many children and often accompanied her mother, a nurse, when she tended to patients. In 1892 she married Baptist minister John Ford and subsequently moved to Chicago , where she graduated from the Hering Medical College in 1899. Ford worked briefly at an Alabama hospital before relocating to Denver in 1902. There, she

46-456: A diverse clientele that included "poor whites, African-Americans, and non-English speaking immigrants who were turned away from hospitals". Her patients often exchanged goods and services for consultations, rather than paying in cash. "She strongly believed that if at all possible, children should be delivered at home". She delivered nearly 7,000 babies during her career. She was affectionately called "The Lady Doctor" by her patients. In 1950, Ford

69-441: A household in the city was $ 43,438, and the median income for a family was $ 49,688. Males had a median income of $ 31,442 versus $ 23,939 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 18,643. About 1.9% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 3.7% of those under age 18 and 0.8% of those age 65 or over. James Knox (Illinois politician) James Knox (July 4, 1807 – October 8, 1876)

92-592: A picture of an 1852 penny discovered in the foundation when the house was moved from the south to the north side of the square for restoration. The John G Sanburn Log Cabin is maintained by the Knox County Historic Sites. It is open for public view during the first two weekends in October for the Knox County Scenic Drive and from 2-4 p.m. Sundays, May–September. In 1868, St. Mary's School opened on

115-514: A third foreign visit. He died in Knoxville, after an illness of two weeks, October 9, 1876, aged 69 years. He had no children. He was interred in City Cemetery. From his ample estate he gave during his lifetime the sum of $ 10,000 to Yale, $ 20,000 to Hamilton College, and upwards of $ 30,000 to educational institutions in his adopted county, including St. Mary's School . He also left in his last will

138-454: A variety of additional employments as a relief. He became the proprietor and occasional editor of the village newspaper, engaged extensively in farming, and established a very thriving business in the manufacture of agricultural implements. In 1846 he was an unsuccessful candidate for US Congress. He served as delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1847. Knox was elected as a Whig to

161-708: Is a city in Knox County , Illinois , United States. The population was 2,911 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Galesburg Micropolitan Statistical Area . Knoxville is located just southeast of the City of Galesburg. There is a public square in the center of town with several historic buildings surrounding it including Knox County's first courthouse, city hall, the Ball log cabin, the town gallows , and several other important buildings. The Knox County Fairgrounds

184-445: Is just north of Knoxville on Henderson Road. Knoxville is served with two exits on Interstate 74 , at U.S. Highway 150 east of town and at Henderson Road north of town. U.S. Highway 150 runs east and west through Knoxville and serves as the main business thoroughfare. Illinois Route 97 and Knox County Highway 8 also enter the city. The Knoxville Cemetery lies in the northern part of town on Market Street. The Knox County Nursing Home

207-567: Is located in the city. There is a grade school in Knoxville, as well as a Junior High and a High School (KHS). Among the "attractions" in Knoxville are the historic buildings, Walnut Grove Farm and Rattle Toes exhibit, the Knox County Fair held in August, and the annual Knox County Scenic Drive held in October. Knoxville was established on January 15, 1831, and called Henderson until its name was changed to Knoxville on December 22, 1832 when it became

230-716: The Thirty-third Congress in and reelected as an Opposition Party candidate to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1857). He served as chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals (Thirty-fourth Congress). Owing to failing eyesight, he went to Europe in October 1859, and after a successful operation for cataract returned in January 1861. In September 1865, he again visited Europe for an operation on his eyes, and remained until May, 1869; and in 1872-3 made

253-541: The National Register of Historic Places. The two buildings and Knoxville's first general store, the Sanburn Log Cabin, built in 1832, have been restored and are open to the public. The county's Hall of Records, built in 1854, is used as Knoxville's City Hall. The log cabin of John G. Sanburn was not discovered until decades after his death, when it was nearly destroyed. In 1832, Sanburn settled in Knoxville to open

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276-590: The cabin to the city as a museum. Typical log cabins like Sanburn's measured about 14' x 14' wide and 7'-8' high with 9" walnut lincoln logs, wooden door hinges, and clapboard shingles. The entire area of Sanburn's cabin and general store served as a kitchen while encased in Johnson's home. A restoration in 1964 insured proper security and insulation that Sanburn did not enjoy in the 1830s, including glass windows and cement sealant to replace clay and hay between logs. The cabin contains general store memorabilia for display and

299-542: The city was 98.59% White , 0.35% African American , 0.13% Native American , 0.06% Asian , 0.13% from other races , and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.57% of the population. There were 1,210 households, out of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.5% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.2% had someone living alone who

322-458: The county seat. It was one of the first 10 municipalities incorporated in the state and is the oldest town in Knox County. James Knox was a notable early resident. Knoxville was the county seat until 1873, when the county seat was moved to Galesburg. The first Knox County Courthouse, completed in 1839, and second Knox County jail, completed in 1845, still stand in Knoxville and are registered on

345-403: The first shop, which also served as the first post office. He was the first county clerk, circuit clerk, Indian master, and probate judge, as well as shopkeeper and postmaster. Years later, as the house built around Sanburn's cabin was being demolished, a nosey neighbor spied the underlying log structure and alerted the authorities. At that time the owner of the property, Bernice LaFollette, donated

368-514: The night in was demolished but a plaque on the building currently at the site commemorates the occasion. According to the 2010 census, Knoxville has a total area of 2.32 square miles (6.01 km ), all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,183 people, 1,210 households, and 878 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,448.0 inhabitants per square mile (559.1/km ). There were 1,260 housing units at an average density of 573.2 per square mile (221.3/km ). The racial makeup of

391-470: The site where the Ewing Female University had previously been located. The Old Knox County Jail was the location of the only legal hanging in Knox County when John Osborne was hanged March 14, 1873, for the murder and sodomy of Adelia M. Mathews, Yates City. Abraham Lincoln stayed in Knoxville on his way to his debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Knox College in 1858. The hotel that he spent

414-459: Was admitted to the bar in 1833 and after May's death became the partner of Spencer. He moved to Illinois in 1836 and settled in Knoxville, Illinois , Knox County, Illinois , with one of his brothers, whose ill-health soon threw on him an extensive mercantile business, so that his law-practice was abandoned. In the winter of 1841, he was married to Prudence H. Blish, of Wethersfield, Illinois , whose death in 1846 so depressed him that he undertook

437-449: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.89. In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 22.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.9 males. The median income for

460-633: Was a U.S. Representative from Illinois . Born in Canajoharie, New York , Knox was the son of James and Nancy (Ehle) Knox. Knox entered the Sophomore class of Hamilton College , Clinton, New York , in 1827, and a year later entered the corresponding class at Yale College , the former institution having been temporarily broken up by dissensions. After graduation from Yale in 1830, he studied law with William. H. Maynard and Joshua A. Spencer, in Utica, New York . He

483-809: Was allowed to join the Colorado and American Medical Associations ; she also became a member of the Denver Medical Society and began working in the Denver General Hospital . At that time, she was still the only female African American doctor in Denver. Dr. Ford received the Human Rights Award from Denver's Cosmopolitan Club, in 1951. Ford continued to practice medicine until two weeks before her death in 1952. In 1988, Ford's home in Five Points, Denver,

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506-783: Was converted into the Black American West Museum and Heritage Center . One room is devoted to an exhibition of her life and work. Ford was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 1985 and was named a "Medical Pioneer of Colorado" by the Colorado Medical Society in 1989. In 1998, a sculpture of Ford holding a baby, made by Jess E. DuBois , was erected outside her house. An elementary school in Littleton, Colorado , has been named in her honor; construction began in 2020. Knoxville, Illinois Knoxville

529-728: Was given her medical license , although she was told by her examiner, "I feel dishonest taking a fee from you. You've got two strikes against you to begin with. First of all, you're a lady, and second, you're colored". Since African Americans were barred at the time from working in hospitals or joining the Colorado Medical Association, Ford set up a private practice in her home in Five Points , where she specialized in gynecology , obstetrics , and pediatrics . In 1915, she and her husband divorced; she later married Alfred Allen. Ford practiced medicine from her home for 50 years, serving

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