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71-606: " The Justice Society Returns " is a nine issue story arc that ran through a number of comic books published by DC Comics in 1999, reviving the Golden Age superhero team, which had previously been revived in the 1980s. The comics involved in this multi-title crossover were the retro -revival issues Adventure Comics #1, All-American Comics #1, All-Star Comics #1–2, National Comics #1, Sensation Comics #1, Smash Comics #1, Star-Spangled Comics #1, and Thrilling Comics #1. The names included those of comics released by All-American Publications , one of

142-644: A different fictional "Earth". The JSA's popularity grew until they regained their own title. All Star Comics #58 (January/February 1976) saw the group return as mentors to a younger set of heroes briefly called the "Super Squad" until they were integrated into the JSA proper. This run lasted until #74, with a brief run thereafter in Adventure Comics #461–466, but it had three significant developments: it introduced Power Girl in All Star Comics #58, chronicled

213-799: A great notion, since it offered readers a lot of headliners for a dime, and also the fun of watching fan favorites interact". The JSA's adventures were written by Gardner Fox as well as by John Broome and Robert Kanigher . The series was illustrated by a legion of artists including: Martin Nodell , Joe Kubert , Jack Kirby , Harry Lampert , Joe Simon , Alex Toth , Sheldon Moldoff , Carmine Infantino , Joe Giella , Win Mortimer , Bernard Baily , Frank Giacoia , H. G. Peter , Jack Burnley , Lee Elias , Irwin Hasen , Bob Oksner , Paul Reinman , Everett Edward Hibbard , and Bernard Sachs . The first JSA story featured

284-656: A major figure in Flash , Teen Titans , and later Justice Society comics. Not long after, most of the team was incapacitated or killed in the 1994 crossover series Zero Hour: Crisis in Time . During the battle between the Justice Society and the villain Extant , the latter removes the chronal energies keeping the Justice Society young. The Atom , Doctor Mid-Nite , and Hourman die immediately. Hawkman and Hawkgirl , who were separated from

355-457: A member received his or her own title, that character would leave All Star Comics , becoming an "honorary member" of the JSA. Thus, the Flash was replaced by Johnny Thunder after #6, and Green Lantern left shortly thereafter for the same reason. For this reason, Superman and Batman were established as already being "honorary" members prior to All Star Comics #3. How these two heroes helped found

426-516: A red variation of the Silver Age Blue Beetle 's costume), and brought in Ri and Darknight, two Chinese superheroes that he had created for his Batman Confidential run. An ongoing series titled JSA All-Stars debuted with a February 2010 cover date (distinct from JSA: All Stars , a limited series published from July 2003 to February 2004). The series focused on a second team that formed after

497-492: A result, the Flash and Green Lantern returned to the team. With issue #27 (Winter 1945), National Comics bought out Max Gaines' share of All-American and the two companies merged to form Detective Comics, Inc. The JSA roster remained mostly the same for the rest of the series. Gardner Fox left the series with issue #34 (April–May 1947) with a story that introduced a new super-villain, the Wizard . The Injustice Society first battled

568-457: A team of villains from both worlds. The following year, the two teams of heroes worked together to stop an evil version of the Justice League from another alternative Earth ( Justice League of America #29, "Crisis on Earth-Three", August 1964). These stories became the first in a long series of team-ups of the two supergroups, an annual summer tradition which continued until 1985. As well as

639-588: A two-issue story by Jerry Ordway , Bill Willingham and Lilah Sturges took over as writers with issue #29 in July 2009. Another JLA/JSA crossover was chronicled in Justice League of America #44–48 and Justice Society of America #41–42 under the Brightest Day banner. James Robinson, the writer who co-wrote the 1999 JSA relaunch, took over as the book's writer for the crossover while Mark Bagley illustrated

710-458: A welcome letter, a badge, a decoder, a four-page comic book, and a membership certificate. By All Star Comics #24 (Spring 1945), a real-world schism between National Comics and All-American Publications—a nominally independent company run by Max Gaines and Jack Liebowitz —had occurred, which resulted in the Detective Comics, Inc. (National Comics) heroes being removed from the title. As

781-659: Is a superhero team appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . It was conceived by editor Sheldon Mayer and writer Gardner Fox during the Golden Age of Comic Books . It first appeared in All Star Comics #3 (Winter 1940–1941), making it the first team of superheroes in comic books. Its original members were Doctor Fate , Hourman , the Spectre , Sandman , Atom , the Flash , Green Lantern and Hawkman . The team

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852-526: Is on a roof shouting for his Thunderbolt and that it is his fault they lost the Justice Society. At the end of the crossover, it is revealed that the Pre- New 52 Jay Garrick was also stuck in the Speed Force, and Barry is able to momentarily free him. However, when Barry tries to secure him to the universe just as he did to Wally, Jay instead is transported back into the Speed Force in a blast of blue energy. In

923-456: The Watchmen sequel Doomsday Clock , Doctor Manhattan recalls various events in which he indirectly killed Alan Scott and thus brought about changes in the timeline. On July 16, 1940, Alan Scott was riding on a train over a collapsing bridge, but he survived by grabbing onto a green lantern. He continues his life, eventually "sitting at a round table wearing a mask" and later testifying before

994-468: The Crisis . One of Roy Thomas's efforts to resolve the Crisis -created inconsistencies was to introduce some analogues to Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman, in a sequel to All-Star Squadron titled Young All-Stars . In 1986, DC decided to write off the JSA from active continuity . The Last Days of the Justice Society one-shot involved most of the team battling the forces of evil while merged with

1065-781: The Fawcett Comics heroes, including Captain Marvel , the death of Mr. Terrific , and the origin of the Black Canary. The JLA/JSA crossovers often involved a third team as well such as the Legion of Super-Heroes , the New Gods , the Secret Society of Super Villains , and the All-Star Squadron . All-Star Squadron was a series taking place in the JSA's original setting of

1136-634: The Golden Age Superman , Batman , Robin , and Wonder Woman ceased to exist, and the Earth-One/Earth-Two dichotomy was resolved by merging the Multiverse into a single universe. This posed a variety of problems for the JSA, whose history—especially in the 1980s comics—was strongly tied up in these four characters. The JLA–JSA team-ups ended with the last pre-Crisis teamup occurring in Justice League of America #244 and Infinity Inc. #19 during

1207-640: The Justice Society of America ), Leading Comics (publishing tales of the Seven Soldiers of Victory ) and other comic books introduced a "shared-universe" among several characters during the 1940s until the present day. Alternative reality Earths had been used in DC stories before, but were usually not referred to after that particular story. Also most of these alternative Earths were usually so vastly different that no one would confuse that Earth and its history with

1278-715: The Norse gods in an ever-repeating Ragnarök -like Limbo , written by Thomas, with art by David Ross and Mike Gustovich. Only Power Girl, the Star-Spangled Kid , the Spectre, and Doctor Fate escaped the cataclysm. A later comic book series, The Sandman , portrays this scenario as a simulation, created by Odin in his search for a way to thwart the real Ragnarök. Roy Thomas revised the JSA's origin for post- Crisis continuity in Secret Origins vol. 2 #31. Fan interest resulted in

1349-542: The Spectre , the Sandman , the Atom , Flash , Green Lantern , and Hawkman . Because some of these characters (the Atom, the Flash, Green Lantern, and Hawkman) were published by All-American Publications rather than DC Comics, All-Star Comics #3 is the first inter-company superhero title, as well as the first team-up title. Comics' historian Les Daniels noted that: "This was obviously

1420-501: The wartime 1940s. This led to a spinoff, modern day series entitled Infinity, Inc. which starred the children and heirs of the JSA members. Both series were written by noted JSA fan Roy Thomas and featured art by Rich Buckler , Jerry Ordway , Todd McFarlane , and others. In 1985, DC retconned many details of the DC Universe in Crisis on Infinite Earths . Among the changes,

1491-436: The "Earth-Two" characters. Later, this fictional age gap was to become a major theme for character development, with the fictional histories of different versions of the same characters deviating significantly from each other in ways impacted by their differences in age, including even the deaths of popular characters such as Batman in one setting while different, contemporary versions of the characters lived on as inhabitants of

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1562-547: The 1980s when the heroes would logically be well into their 60s. The explanation given for this by writer Roy Thomas in All-Star Squadron Annual #3 is that the team, and several friends, have absorbed energy from the magical villain Ian Karkull during an adventure in the 1940s that stunts their aging process. Meanwhile, the JSA continued their annual team-ups with the Justice League. Notable events include meeting

1633-514: The Golden Age and subsequent eras. The 1985 Crisis on Infinite Earths limited series merged all of the company's various alternate realities into one, placing the JSA as World War II era predecessors to the company's modern characters. A JSA series was published from 1999 to 2006, and a Justice Society of America series that ran from 2007 to 2011. As part of DC Comics' 2011 relaunch of its entire line of monthly books, an unnamed version of

1704-626: The House Un-American Activities Committee but refusing to implicate anyone in his employ. On July 16, 1940, again, Doctor Manhattan moves the lantern six inches out of Alan Scott's reach so that Scott dies in the train accident and leaves no family behind. At the Daily Planet, Lois Lane finds a flash-drive showing footage of various members of the Justice Society of America such as Alan Scott, Jay Garrick, Doctor Fate, Hawkman, Hourman, Sandman, and Spectre. Lois did not know about

1775-403: The JSA before becoming honorary members was not explained until DC Special #29 in 1977. Hawkman is the only member to appear in every JSA adventure in the original run of All Star Comics . All Star Comics #8 (December 1941/January 1942) featured the first appearance of Wonder Woman . Unlike the other characters who had their own titles, she was allowed to appear in the series, but only as

1846-549: The JSA in issue #37 in a tale written by Robert Kanigher. The team's second female member Black Canary first helped the group in All Star Comics #38 and became a full member in #41. All Star Comics and the JSA's Golden Age adventures ended with issue #57, the title becoming All-Star Western , with no superheroes. A good amount of artwork has survived from an unpublished All Star Comics story titled "The Will of William Wilson" and has been reprinted in various publications from TwoMorrows Publishing . The explanation for

1917-727: The JSA in the Silver Age, and refers directly to their last adventure in All-Star Comics #57, while in The Flash #137 the JSA re-form. These stories set the stage for "Crisis on Earth-One" ( Justice League of America #21, August 1963) and "Crisis on Earth-Two" ( Justice League of America #22, September 1963), a two-part tale where the Golden Age Justice Society teams up with the Silver Age Justice League to combat

1988-446: The JSA split. Calling themselves the "All-Stars", the group included more of the newer, younger members of the JSA. The roster consisted of: Magog, Damage , Power Girl, Hourman, Atom Smasher , Sand , Stargirl , Cyclone , Wildcat (Ton Bronson), Citizen Steel , Judomaster , King Chimera , Anna Fortune , and the A.I. Roxy, with Damage and Magog later being killed. DC cancelled JSA All-Stars with issue #18 (July 2011) because of

2059-662: The JSA was a hotel suite in New York City initially and, after the war, the team settled on a brownstone building in Gotham City , and later in Civic City . The JSA was provided with an orbital satellite headquarters, much like their later counterparts, the JLA, but it was immediately abandoned when it was revealed to be a death trap built in an attempt to kill off the team. The Gotham City brownstone remained unoccupied until years later when

2130-485: The JSA's secretary from #11 onward, and did not actively take part in most adventures until much later in the series. She was excluded from the title because of the same rules that had excluded the Flash, Green Lantern, Superman, and Batman from the title, though in #13 it was claimed she had become an active member. A fan club for the team called the "Junior Justice Society of America" was introduced in All Star Comics #14 (Dec. 1942-Jan. 1943). The membership kit included

2201-583: The Justice Society Infinity, a team continuing from an analogous post- Crisis Earth-Two. Most of the members of the Justice Society Infinity are original members of Earth-Two's Justice Society, such as the Atom and Robin ( Dick Grayson ), but the Society includes characters that are normally associated with Infinity, Inc., such as Jade and Nuklon ( Albert Rothstein ). Johns' run as writer of Justice Society of America ended with issue #26. Following

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2272-520: The Justice Society mostly resided with Hawkman, although initially the Flash, and later Green Lantern, took turns leading the team. For a brief period in 1942, they were known as the Justice Battalion, as they became an extension of the armed forces of the United States of America during World War II. It was later explained that the reason the JSA did not invade Europe and end the war was because of

2343-511: The Justice Society until now. When Doctor Manhattan first arrived in the DC Universe, he witnesses the creation of the JSA and each of its founding members superhero personas. In one timeline (Golden Age/Earth-2), Doctor Manhattan watches as the JSA wait for the arrival of Superman to formally create their team. This then changes to a timeline (Post-Crisis/New Earth) where Superman was not a founding member and did not arrive until 1956. Curious about

2414-502: The Legion of Doom has already travelled to the past and meddled in history, attacking and seemingly conquering the United States. They encounter the Justice Society, much to their surprise, as they are not aware of any superheroes active in the 1940s. However, they begin to develop an affinity for their Golden Age counterparts, and feel that there is an intricate shared history they cannot fully remember. Earth-One Earth-One, along with

2485-629: The Nazis release a villain known as Stalker , whose sole purpose is to end life everywhere. The magical heroes are either killed or captured by Stalker, and only Hourman and Dr. Occult escape. Hourman informs the rest of the Justice Society of America about Stalker, and the group battles with him in Washington, DC. The JSA manages to wound Stalker enough so that he must create seven disciples (the men who originally brought Stalker to earth) to carry on his work while he recuperates. The JSA splits up to battle each of

2556-467: The Ragnarök cycle, allowing the team to return to Earth. In 1992, the JSA was given an ongoing monthly series titled Justice Society of America , written by Len Strazewski with art by Mike Parobeck , featuring the original team adjusting to life after returning from Ragnarök. Though Justice Society of America was intended as an ongoing series, and was popular with readers, the decision was made to cancel

2627-479: The Speed Force. Johnny admits he threw away the magic pen containing Thunderbolt. In The Flash Rebirth series, the interaction between Pre- New 52 Wally West and New 52 Wally West triggers a disturbance in the Speed Force, which causes Barry to have a strange vision. In the vision, Barry sees Johnny Quick's Speed formula and Jay Garrick's Flash helmet. Johnny Thunder is seen again during the Button crossover, where he

2698-587: The Starman legacies to his sons, resulting in the creation of one of the new series following Zero Hour , James Robinson 's Starman . The JSA remained inactive for some time after the events of " Zero Hour ", but the surviving members of the Flash, Wildcat , and Alan Scott (now going by the name Sentinel) have remained active throughout the DC Universe, having been placed as reserve JLI members, as evidenced in Justice League Europe #50. The Justice Society

2769-627: The annual Justice League of America appearances, members of the JSA guest-starred in other titles over the next several years: the Golden Age Atom in The Atom #29 and #36, and the Golden Age Green Lantern in several issues of Green Lantern . In addition, a number of the characters appeared in team-up stories in issues of the DC titles The Brave and the Bold and Showcase , while the Spectre

2840-489: The book after the third issue's release. Twelve issues of the new series were ultimately commissioned, though publication itself ended with issue #10. Portions of the remaining two issues originally intended for #11–12, which were part of a planned crossover with Justice League Europe , were published in Justice League Europe #49–50. Strazewski, in an interview explaining the cancellation of this series, said, "It

2911-762: The death of the Golden Age Batman in Adventure Comics #461–462, and, after nearly 40 years, it finally provided the JSA with an origin story in DC Special #29. The Huntress was introduced in DC Super Stars #17 (Nov.–Dec. 1977) which told her origin, and All Star Comics #69 (Nov.–Dec. 1977), which was published the same day. The 1970s run of All Star Comics was written by Gerry Conway and Paul Levitz , and artists included Ric Estrada , Wally Wood , Keith Giffen , Joe Staton , and Bob Layton . The series

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2982-540: The disciples. Each team is able to defeat a disciple. Dr. Occult gathers everyone together to battle Stalker in Antarctica, where Stalker is building a machine that will destroy all life on Earth. After a long fight, the machine is destroyed and Stalker is defeated. The story arc was collected in the trade paperback The Justice Society Returns ( ISBN   1-4012-0090-7 ), published by DC Comics in 2003. Justice Society The Justice Society of America ( JSA )

3053-471: The entire event. After the crossover, Robinson wrote one final issue with artist Jesus Merino , which dealt with the relationship between Green Lantern and his son Obsidian . Following the Brightest Day story arc, Marc Guggenheim became the new writer with issue #44, and Scott Kolins took over art duties from Merino. During his first several issues, Guggenheim introduced a number of new characters to

3124-527: The events of Flashpoint , the DC 2011 summer event. As a result of the title's cancellation, writer Marc Guggenheim had all of the All-Stars except Power Girl and Magog rejoin the JSA in Justice Society of America #49. In the DC Universe Rebirth one-shot, Johnny Thunder is in a nursing home. He is trying to escape, but Kid Flash Wally West appears to Johnny trying to establish a link to return from

3195-505: The events of DC's Infinite Crisis crossover and the World War III event chronicled in 52 , JSA members Jay Garrick, Alan Scott, and Ted Grant decide to revive the Justice Society. On December 6, 2006, a new series was launched with the creative team of Geoff Johns (writer), Dale Eaglesham (pencils), and Alex Ross (cover art). The beginning of the new series showed JSA veterans the Flash, Green Lantern, and Wildcat choosing members of

3266-429: The existence of the original one, albeit vaguely. In September 2005, JSA ' s popularity led to a spinoff series, JSA: Classified , which tells stories of the team at various points in its existence, as well as spotlighting specific members in solo stories. The first arc, written by Geoff Johns with art by Amanda Conner , featured Power Girl's origin. The series was cancelled with issue #39 (August 2008). After

3337-527: The four other surviving Earths (Earth-Two, Earth-Four , Earth-S , and Earth-X ) of the DC Multiverse , are merged into one in the 1985 miniseries Crisis on Infinite Earths . This Earth's versions of characters were primarily the Earth-One versions (i.e. Superman , Batman ), but some characters from the four other worlds were also "folded" in. In Infinite Crisis , Earth-One was resurrected and merged with

3408-776: The importance of Superman and what would happen if time were to be changed and how it would affect him, Doctor Manhattan prevented Alan Scott from becoming Green Lantern. This in turn created the New 52 Universe, and with it, the creation of the Justice Society of America was erased. When Doctor Manhattan undoes the experiment that erased the Justice Society and the Legion of Super-Heroes, the Justice Society (consisting of Atom-Smasher, Cyclone, Damage, Doctor Fate, Doctor Mid-Nite II, Flash, Green Lantern, Hawkman, Hourman II, Jade, Jakeem Thunder and Johnny Thunderbolt, Liberty Belle, Mister Terrific, Obsidian, Power Girl, Sandman II, Stargirl, S.T.R.I.P.E., Wildcat I, and Wildcat II) appears to help Superman fight

3479-466: The influence of the Spear of Destiny , which caused the JSA's most powerful members to fall under the control of its wielder, Adolf Hitler . In the 1980s, it was established that the JSA had a loose affiliation with the All-Star Squadron . The All-Star Squadron's adventures were set in the 1940s, and were considered to have happened concurrently with the Justice Society's in a " retcon ". The headquarters for

3550-461: The name of the team from Justice Society to Justice League . In The Flash #123 (September 1961) "The Flash of Two Worlds", the Silver Age Flash meets his Golden Age counterpart, Jay Garrick who, along with the rest of the original Justice Society, is said to inhabit an alternative universe. This historic meeting thus became one of the classic DC comics of the Silver Age. Fan letters on

3621-480: The new generation of superheroes to train. Continuing a major theme from the previous JSA title, this new series focused on the team being the caretakers of the superhero legacy from one generation to the next. The crossovers between the JLA and JSA began again with "The Lightning Saga" (see below) in JLA vol. 4 #8–10 and JSA #5–6 and an epilogue in issue #7. Justice Society of America Annual #1 (September 2008) featured

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3692-471: The pages of following issues were wildly enthusiastic about the revival of the original Flash, both from older fans who remembered the old JSA tales, and younger fans eager to learn more about these new heroes. Further meetings occurred in The Flash #129 "Double Danger on Earth" (June 1962), and The Flash #137 "Vengeance of the Immortal Villain" (June 1963). The Flash #129 contains the first mention of

3763-533: The primary Earth of the publication era to create a New Earth that brought back more aspects of Earth-One's original history. In 2007, a new version of Earth-One was created in the aftermath of events that occurred within the 52 series. Characters from DC Comics were originally suggestive of each existing in their own world, as superheroes never encountered each other. This was soon changed with alliances being formed between certain protagonists. Several publications, including All-Star Comics (publishing tales of

3834-574: The rampaging metahumans. Afterwards, the Justice Society investigates the Department of Metahuman Affairs which led to the arrest of those involved. The Justice Society returns in the pages of Justice League . The League splits up to retrieve fragments on the Totality from the past and future. Flash and Green Lantern are transported to 1941 to retrieve a fragment. They arrive in December 1941 to discover that

3905-519: The rest of the Justice Society after being pulled into the timestream , merge into a new Hawkgod being , resulting in their deaths. Doctor Fate dies of the resulting aging shortly after Zero Hour . Green Lantern is kept young because of the mystical effects of the Starheart , but loses his ring and subsequently changes his name to Sentinel. The rest of the team is now too physically old to continue fighting crime and retires. Starman retires and passes on

3976-407: The revival of the JSA in 1991. An eight-issue Justice Society of America limited series featuring a previously untold story set in the 1950s was published in 1991. In the final issues of the four-issue Armageddon: Inferno limited series, the JSA returns to the modern-day DC Universe when Waverider transported the "daemen" of the interdimensional Abraxis to Asgard as a substitute for the JSA in

4047-421: The series solo after Goyer's departure. The series featured the art of Stephen Sadowski , Leonard Kirk , and Don Kramer , among others. It featured a story by Pulitzer Prize winner Michael Chabon . During the events of Infinite Crisis , some of the surviving Golden Age characters, such as Wildcat and the Flash, are transported to the new "Earth-Two," as created by Alexander Luthor Jr. , and seem to recall

4118-462: The so-called real Earth. That would change when the existence of another reliable Earth was established in a story titled " Flash of Two Worlds " in which Barry Allen , the modern Flash later referred to as Earth-One (the setting of the Silver Age stories) first travels to another Earth, accidentally vibrating at just the right speed to appear on Earth-Two, where he meets Jay Garrick, his Earth-Two counterpart. Crisis on Infinite Earths (1985–1986)

4189-402: The team appears in the Earth 2 Vol 1 (2012-2015), Earth 2 World's End (2014-2015), and Earth 2: Society (2015-2017). The Justice Society of America first appeared in All Star Comics #3 (Winter 1940–1941) written by Gardner Fox and edited by Sheldon Mayer during the Golden Age of Comic Books . The team initially included: Doctor Fate , Hour-Man (as his name was then spelled),

4260-491: The team was active again. The headquarters used in the 2000s was a brownstone in Morningside Heights . Having successfully introduced new versions of several characters (the Flash, Green Lantern, etc.) during the late 1950s, DC tapped industry veteran, and former Justice Society writer, Gardner Fox to create a new version of the Justice Society. Editor Julius Schwartz , influenced by the popularity of Major League Baseball's National League and American League, decided to change

4331-424: The team's disappearance, and the inactivity of most of its roster after the early 1950s, was first given in Adventure Comics #466 ("The Defeat of the Justice Society!", December 1979) by writer Paul Levitz , which explained that most of the Society chose to disband and retire rather than appear in front of the Joint Un-American Activities Committee, which demanded that they unmask themselves. The chairmanship of

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4402-497: The team's first meeting, with a framing sequence for each member telling a story of an individual exploit. In the next issue, the team worked together on a common case, but each story from there on still featured the members individually on a mission involving part of the case, and then banding together in the end to wrap things up. An in-house rule explicitly laid out on the last page of All Star Comics #5, reprinted on page 206 of All Star Comics Archives Vol. 1, required that whenever

4473-447: The team, such as Blue Devil and Manhunter . In issue #49, he expanded the JSA's roster by bringing back all of the JSA All-Stars except for Magog , who had been killed in Justice League: Generation Lost , and Power Girl, who had unofficially departed from the JSA during the same maxi-series, as well as the original Liberty Belle . In addition, Guggenheim introduced a new character named Red Beetle (a gadget-wielding heroine clad in

4544-418: The three companies that merged to form the present-day DC, as well as Quality Comics , the rights to which DC purchased in the 1950s. During World War II , Nazi sympathizers begin a ritual using Dr. Occult to bring a being known as Koth to Earth, in order to ensure an Axis victory in the war. Hourman and several magical heroes attempt to stop them, but are unsuccessful. The spell goes wrong, however, and

4615-445: Was a capricious decision made personally by Mike Carlin because he didn't like Mike's artwork or my writing and believed that senior citizen super-heroes was not what DC should be publishing. He made his opinion clear to me several times after the cancellation." Justice Society of America included the first appearance of Jesse Quick , the daughter of All-Star Squadron members Liberty Belle and Johnny Quick , who would go on to be

4686-444: Was an effort by DC Comics to clean up their continuity, resulting in the multiple universes, including that of Earth-One, combining into one. This involved the destruction of the multiverse, including Earth-One and the first appearance of the post- Crisis Earth. At the end of the Infinite Crisis limited series, the realigned world is called "New Earth". There are now 52 universes: "New Earth" (a.k.a. Earth-0), and Earths-1 to 51. In

4757-452: Was established as existing on " Earth-Two " and the Justice League on " Earth-One ", different versions of Earth in different universes . This allowed for annual cross-dimensional team-ups of the teams between 1963 and 1985. New series, such as All-Star Squadron , Infinity, Inc. , and a new All-Star Comics, featured the JSA, their children, and their heirs and explored the issues of aging, generational differences, and contrasts between

4828-416: Was given a solo run in the latter which led to his own series. Some JSA members during this period, residing on "Earth-Two", were portrayed as middle-aged versions of their younger, contemporary "Earth-One" counterparts; the "Earth-Two" characters' portrayal as older than their counterparts eased incorporation of the existing fictional history of the Justice Society of America into newly written stories about

4899-519: Was initially popular, but after superhero comics waned in the late 1940s, the JSA's adventures ceased with issue #57 of the title (March 1951). During the Silver Age of Comic Books , DC Comics reinvented several Justice Society members and brought many of them together in a new team, the Justice League of America . Other JSA members remained absent from comics for ten years until Jay Garrick appeared alongside Barry Allen , his Silver Age counterpart, in The Flash #123 (September 1961). The Justice Society

4970-446: Was noteworthy for depicting the heroes as having aged into their 50s. The artwork gave them graying hair and lined faces. It was highly unusual, then or now, for a comic book to have heroes this old. Most comic books obscure the timelines or periodically relaunch the series to keep the characters youthful. This depiction was a consequence of the fact that the heroes were closely linked to the era of World War II. This became problematic in

5041-417: Was revived as a monthly series called JSA in 1999 which mixed the few remaining original members with younger counterparts. This incarnation of the team focused on the theme of generational legacy and of carrying on the heroic example established by their predecessors. The series was launched by James Robinson and David S. Goyer . Goyer later co-wrote the series with Geoff Johns , who continued to write

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