The Jureia-Itatins Ecological Station ( Portuguese : Estação Ecológica da Jureia-Itatins ) is an ecological station (ESEC) in the state of São Paulo , Brazil. It fully protects a well-preserved area of Atlantic Forest and associated ecosystems along the coastal plain and mountains of the south of the state, home to endangered species of mammals and birds. There is however, some threat from illegal gathering of heart of palm.
31-399: The Jureia-Itatins Ecological Station (ESEC) is divided between the municipalities of Iguape (86.43%), Itariri (3.62%), Miracatu (5.59%), Peruíbe (4.19%) and Pedro de Toledo (0.17%) in the state of São Paulo. It covers an area of 84,425 hectares (208,620 acres). The ESEC covers part of the coastal plain and mountains between Ilha Comprida to the southwest and Peruíbe to the east. It
62-400: A Spanish group landed in the region giving the name Iguape to a tiny village, in reference to a local Indian name for a common regional plant. Some years later, a French pirate vessel attacked Iguape and set fire to the village, destroying all official documentation. The veracity of those events is unknown, but there is no doubt that the first years of Iguape's history were strongly influenced by
93-663: A remnant of forest in the Serra dos ltatins, was created by decree 31.650 of 4 August 1958. Part of the Jureia area was chosen by NUCLEBRÁS in the 1980s for the site of two nuclear power plants, Iguape 4 and Iguape 5. NUCLEBRÁS withdrew from the area in 1985 and a campaign was launched to protect the forest. On 20 January 1986 governor André Franco Montoro created the Jureia-Itatins Ecological Station by decree 24.646 with an area of about 82,000 hectares (200,000 acres) to ensure
124-474: A river port on the shore of the Ribeira river, close to Iguape, and from there by donkeys or carts to the ocean harbor, where they were loaded into big ships. To facilitate and cheapen transport, Iguape obtained permission from emperor D. Pedro II to build a 4 km long and 2 m wide channel, connecting the river port with the ocean port. The request was approved by D. Pedro and after hard work (by enslaved workers)
155-566: Is a protected area mosaic in the state of São Paulo , Brazil. It was created in 2006, suspended in 2009 and recreated in 2013. It includes strictly protected and sustainable use conservation units in a coastal area of well-preserved Atlantic Forest . The Jureia-Itatins Mosaic covers parts of the municipalities of Iguape , Itariri , Miracatu and Peruíbe in the state of São Paulo. When first created in 2006 it covered 110,898 hectares (274,030 acres). After being recreated in 2013 it covered 97,213 hectares (240,220 acres). The Jureia-Itatins area
186-649: Is east of the SP-322 highway and south of the BR-116 - BR-101 highway. The Despraiado Sustainable Development Reserve extends into the northwest part of the ESEC. The Prelado State Park on the coast adjoins the south part of the ESEC. The east of the park adjoins the Barra do Una Sustainable Development Reserve , Ilha do Ameixal Area of Relevant Ecological Interest and Itinguçu State Park . The Ilhas do Abrigo e Guararitama Wildlife Refuge
217-621: Is environmentally important since it holds one of the best preserved remnants of Atlantic Forest . It includes an extensive fluvial marine plain through which the Una do Prelado River flows, with rich flora and fauna. The Jureia-Itatins Mosaic of conservation units was created by law 12.406 of 12 December 2006. It included the Jureia-Itatins Ecological Station and the newly created Itinguçu and Prelado state parks, Despraiado and Barra do Una sustainable development reserves and
248-602: Is no true dry season. The mean temperature is 21.6 °C (70.9 °F) and the mean annual rainfall is 1,976 mm (77.8 in). In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo . In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable). Jur%C3%A9ia-Itatins Mosaic The Jureia-Itatins Mosaic ( Portuguese : Mosaico Jureia–Itatins )
279-511: Is offshore to the east of the ESEC. The coastal region of the ESEC contains the Serra da Jureia , an inselberg connected to the mainland by a sandy alluvial plain. It is bounded to the northeast by the Paranapu massif, part of the Serra dos Itatins. Altitudes range from 0 to 800 metres (0 to 2,625 ft) above sea level. The Una do Prelado River is the largest in the region, fed by various streams from
310-563: The Ilhas do Abrigo e Guararitama Wildlife Refuge . The state parks and sustainable development reserves were carved out of the ecological station, and an area of banana plantations in the municipality of Miracatu, north of the station, was also dropped from the station. However the Iguape swamps were added to the ecological station, which now covered 96,000 hectares (240,000 acres) rather than its former 79,000 hectares (200,000 acres). On 11 September 2007
341-536: The Juréia-Itatins Mosaic . The municipality contains 45% of the 455 hectares (1,120 acres) Guará Area of Relevant Ecological Interest , created in 2008. According to the Köppen climate classification , Iguape has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) that closely borders the tropical rainforest climate (Af). Summers are warm, humid and rainy, whilst winters are noticeably cooler and somewhat drier, although there
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#1732881550109372-465: The 1,487 hectares (3,670 acres) Barra do Una Sustainable Development Reserve and the 3,953 hectares (9,770 acres) Despraiado Sustainable Development Reserve. The Jureia-Itatins Ecological Station now covered 84,425 hectares (208,620 acres). The law recreated the Jureia-Itatins Mosaic, this time covering 97,213 hectares (240,220 acres). The process of preparing management plans for the units in
403-480: The 1,828 hectares (4,520 acres) Prelado State Park , created in 2006. The state park is just west of the Juréia Massif , an isolated group of mountains on the coast separated from the Serra dos Itatins by a sandy plain and the Una do Prelado River . Further east it contains 9% of the 1,487 hectares (3,670 acres) Barra do Una Sustainable Development Reserve , created in 2006. These conservation units are all part of
434-579: The Banhados de Iguape Ecological Station were incorporated in the ESEC, as was the area called Colinas Verdes (742 hectares). An area of 237 hectares (590 acres) to the north of the EXEC was excluded. The same law recreated the 97,213 hectares (240,220 acres) Jureia-Itatins Mosaic made up of the Jureia-Itatins ESEC, Itinguçu and Prelado state parks, Despraiado and Barra do Una sustainable development reserves and
465-482: The ESEC. Law 14982 of 8 April 2013 again altered the limits of the ESEC, re-categorising some areas. These were the 5,040 hectares (12,500 acres) Itinguçu State Park, 1,828 hectares (4,520 acres) Prelado State Park, 1,487 hectares (3,670 acres) Barra do Una Sustainable Development Reserve and 3,953 hectares (9,770 acres) Despraiado Sustainable Development Reserve. The areas called Banhado Pequeno and Banhado Grande with 14,428 and 2,136 hectares (35,650 and 5,280 acres) in
496-658: The Ilhas do Abrigo e Guararitama RVS. The ESEC as of 2016 had an area of 79,240 hectares (195,800 acres). It is part of the Lagamar mosaic . Iguape Iguape is a municipality located into the Ribeira Valley in the southern portion of the state of São Paulo , Brazil . The population is 30,989 (2020 estimate) in an area of 1,977.96 km (763.69 sq mi), making it the largest municipality area in São Paulo state. The city
527-510: The Jureia-Itatins Ecological Station, Itinguçu and Prelado state parks, Despraiado and Barra do Una sustainable development reserves and the Ilhas do Abrigo e Guararitama Wildlife Refuge . This law was declared unconstitutional by the Procurer General of Justice of São Paulo on 11 September 2007. The mosaic was suspended in 2009. A motion was passed on 29 June 2012 repudiating the order for 300 families of traditional residents to withdraw from
558-439: The beaches are sheltered between rock formations, while others have long stretches of fine sand. The ESEC provides a sanctuary for rare and threatened species of mammals and birds including spider monkey , jaguar , otter , capybara and tinamou . The ESEC is mainly threatened by illegal gathering of heart of palm , and to a lesser degree by illegal logging and hunting. The Serra dos Itatins State Forest Reserve, preserving
589-637: The boundaries of the ESEC and reclassified the areas of the Despraiado Sustainable Development Reserve, Itinguçu State Park, Prelado State Park and Barra do Una Sustainable Development Reserve. It also excluded the areas to the north of the ESEC that were now part of the Banhados de Iguape Ecological Station . The decree created the Jureia-Itatins Mosaic of conservation units with about 110,000 hectares (270,000 acres). It included
620-480: The canal was concluded in 1855. While meant to improve Iguape's economic conditions, the result was disastrous. The voluminous waters of the river, now with a shorter connection to the sea, washed away the sandy banks of the river, destroying both ports. Trade collapsed, resulting in rapid economic deterioration of the region. Most people had to leave Iguape, and those who decided to stay experienced serious difficulties, surviving by fishing and shrimping, much reduced in
651-559: The coastal waters due to the large influx of fresh water. Iguape is situated on the Atlantic Ocean coast, at the delta of the Ribeira de Iguape River . The municipality contains 86% of the 84,425 hectares (208,620 acres) Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station , a strictly protected area of well-preserved Atlantic Forest created in 1986. It contains the 2,700 hectares (6,700 acres) Chauás Ecological Station , created in 1987. It also contains
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#1732881550109682-449: The driest month. The main biome is Atlantic Forest , with ecosystems typically associated with it including pioneer formations of marine influence, beaches, salt marches, rocky shores and lowland and submontane rainforest. There are fields of open "campo" vegetation at the higher levels, and mangroves along the coast. It has one of the best preserved areas of Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Some of
713-509: The integrity of the existing ecosystems. The ESEC incorporated the state forest reserve, lands declared vacant by the state and other lands along the coast of São Paulo state. The main objectives are preservation of nature and conducting scientific research. An area for the Guarani Indians was excluded, as was an area used for agrarian reform. The boundaries were redefined by law 5.649 of 28 April 1987. Law 12.406 of 13 December 2006 redefined
744-564: The limits established by the Tordesillas Treaty , the Iguape region was the stage for constant disputes among Portuguese, Spanish, and French pirates who landed there in order to refill their vessels or to trade in their goods. The foundation of Iguape is sometimes attributed to Rui Garcia de Mosquera, a Spanish navigator and colonizer who established a good relationship with the Tupiniquin Indians. In another unproved account, in 1498
775-427: The navigation of the Ribeira de Iguape River resulting in the formation of new villages such as Registro, Eldorado Paulista, Iporanga, Jacupiranga and Sete Barras. Around 1780, the gold cycle had come to an end and many families left the region. Nevertheless, since the beginning of the 18th century the fertile grounds of the Ribeira valley were converted into large rice plantations. The rice, of an excellent quality,
806-614: The north side of the Serra da Jureia and the Atlantic side of the Serra dos Itatins. The river is tidal for most of its length. The ESEC also holds the basins of the Rio Verde and the Guaraú River . Average annual temperature ranges from 19.6 to 21.4 °C (67.3 to 70.5 °F). Average annual rainfall is 2,277.8 millimetres (89.68 in). The climate is tropical humid with no dry season. At least 30 millimetres (1.2 in) of rain falls in
837-470: The presence of the Spanish. With the discovery of gold at the end of the 16th century, Iguape was increasingly visited by adventurers searching for gold along the rivers. In 1635, there already existed the so-called "Casa da Oficina Real", the first money producing institution in Brazil (today Iguape's local museum). The discovery of gold at Serra da Paranapiacaba, in the interior of Vale do Ribeira , intensified
868-446: The procurer general of the state declared that law 12.406 was unconstitutional. On 10 June 2009 a judgement upheld the finding of unconstitutionality. The Jureia-Itatins Mosaic was suspended in 2009. Law 14.982 of 8 April 2013 again altered the limits of the Jureia-Itatins Ecological Station, re-categorising some areas. These were the 5,040 hectares (12,500 acres) Itinguçu State Park, the 1,828 hectares (4,520 acres) Prelado State Park,
899-479: Was accustomed to attending shows from Europe. At that time, Iguape was as important as Rio de Janeiro or Salvador. Consequently, the city had no difficulties in obtaining the necessary resources for the construction of one of the biggest and most controversial hydraulic installations on the Brazilian coast: the "Valo Grande" channel. Aside from rice, other products from the Ribeira valley were transported by boat to
930-417: Was intensively commercialized in Iguape and from there exported to Europe. From 1820 to 1900, Iguape experienced a period of great prosperity reaching its economic peak. Five rice factories were working day and night, filling on average 10 large vessels per week. Banks were financing the business, six newspapers were circulated in the city, and France maintained a permanent consulate in the city. The population
961-446: Was officially founded on December 3, 1538, and its historic constructions are classified as national heritage by the IPHAN since 2009. Its name has tupi origins and its translation means "in the river cove", 'y (water/river), kûá (cove) and pe (in). The extinct unclassified Jaguanan language was formerly spoken by indigenous peoples in Iguape. Because of its location, close to