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32-559: Junaid Khan may refer to: Junaid Khan (Basmachi leader) , political leader in the Khanate of Khiva and the Basmachi movement Junaid Khan (cricketer) , Pakistani cricketer Junaid Khan (actor) (born 1981), Pakistani singer and actor Junaid Jamshed Khan , Pakistani singer and preacher [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with

64-653: A number of influential leaders of other Turkmen tribes and Uzbek population appealed to the Bolsheviks , who were gaining a foothold in Russian Turkestan after the October Revolution . In 1919, under the pretext of assisting rebels, Bolsheviks invaded the Khanate and soon captured its capital Khiva . Junaid fled to the Karakum Desert with the remnants of his troops from where he organized active resistance to

96-537: A subdivision into four clans, the Wakil (another variant is Wekil), Beg, Suchmuz, and Bukshi: "The Wakil and Beg clans are collectively called Toghtamish , as they are descended from a person of that name. The Suchmuz and Bukshi clans are collectively called Otamish ..." Stuart estimated in 1881 the number of "Akhal Tekke" at "25,000 tents" and of "Merv Tekke" at "40,000 tents", which latter number included "Salor (5000 tents)". He estimated five people per tent, implying

128-514: A total Teke tribal population of about 325,000 in that year. The Teke militarily resisted, mostly successfully, Persian incursions in the 19th century. The Teke came under Russian colonial rule in the 1880s. Though the Turkmen tribes defeated Russian troops during the first incursion in 1879 , a subsequent invasion between 1880 and 1881, culminating in the second Battle of Gökdepe , resulted in imposition of Russian Imperial authority . Following

160-691: Is a brave man, master; and sari is light, bright, yellow in Turkmen language ) is another major tribe of the Turkmen people. They live mainly in Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan . Ersari people's number is approximately 2.1 million people overall (1 million in Turkmenistan, 1,5 million in Afghanistan , Turkey , Iran , Great Britain , Saudi Arabia , United Arab Emirates , Russia and other countries). Ersari has four sub-tribal divisions: Kara, Bekewul, Gunesh and Uludepe. Ersari are direct descendants of

192-591: Is traced to 24 Oghuz tribes . Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur , in his 1659 work Shajara-i Tarākima , places special emphasis on the Salur tribe of the Oghuz, since a few major Turkmen tribes, the Teke, Yomuts and Ersaris, derived from it. Abu al-Ghazi claims that the leader of the Salur tribe was Salur Ogurcik Alp. who had six sons: Berdi, Buka, Usar, Kusar, Yaycı and Dingli. At the beginning of

224-569: The Caspian Sea since approximately at least the beginning of the second millennium. Abul Ghazi wrote that they had arrived in Mangyshlak as early as the 11th century. Prior to the rise of first Seljuk sultan Toghrul Beg in the mid-11th century, many tribes followed the lead of their tribal leaders such as Qilik bey, Kazan bey and Karaman bey, and settled in Mangyshlak. Most of them were members of

256-535: The Khanate of Khiva was a representative of the Turkmen Yomud tribe, Junaid Khan . Turkmen society has traditionally been divided into tribes ( Turkmen : taýpalar ). The full tribal structure of Turkmens is as follows: halk, il, taýpa, urug, kök, kowum, kabile, aýmak/oýmak, oba, bölük, bölüm, gandüşer, küde, depe, desse, lakam, top, birata, topar , and tire . The origin of all present-day Turkmen tribes

288-773: The Salur tribe of the Oghuz Turks, as is the Yomud tribe . Ersari appear to have been a major component of the Sayin Khan Turkmen tribal confederacy, whose Yurt (nomadic territory) in the 13-17th centuries stretched from the Balkan mountains to the Mangishlaq peninsula and north to the Emba river. The label Sayin Khani, given to them by the other nomadic peoples around, referred to their emergence from

320-700: The coat of arms of Turkmenistan and on its flag belong to these tribes (and are named after them; see, for example, " Yomut carpet "). Modern Turkmen tribes were usually ruled by chiefs or leaders ( Turkmen : serdar ) and guided by elders ( Turkmen : aksakal plural aksakallar ), literally "white beards", who, most of the time, were chosen by consensus. Elders guided their people by unwritten customary laws called tore or adat . Besides guiding and regulating affairs between individuals, families and groups, elders, along with serdars, made important decisions on distribution of water, land or on declaring and waging war. Turkmen tribes recognized only their free will as

352-594: The 20th century, Feodor Mikhailov, a Russian officer in the military administration of the Transcaspian Region of the Russian Empire , noted, "all Turkmen, rich and poor, live almost completely alike". He also added that the Turkmen "put the principles of brotherhood, equality, and freedom into practice more completely and consistently than any of our contemporary European republics ." The five traditional carpet rosettes ( Turkmen : göller ) that form motifs in

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384-811: The Imir, Dukur , Düker (Döger), Igdir, Chavuldur , Karkin, Salor or Agar (Ajar) tribes. In 1219, the Mongols crushed the Khwarazmian Empire . Two years later, in 1221, the Mongol conquest pushed the Oghuz tribes, including the Chowdur, from the Syr Darya region into the Kara Kum area and along the Caspian Sea. In the early 16th century, the Chowdur formed a confederate or aymaq in

416-548: The Khan of Khiva in the 17th century, in his book Shajara-i Tarākima ("The Genealogical Tree of the Turkmen", 1659) does not indicate whether the term Tashki refers to an organizational, military or purely geographical meaning. Sometime in the 17th century, in part to the drying up of the western Uzboy channel of the Amu Darya , the Ersari and its major subtribes moved east to the banks of

448-563: The Khan. By early February 1920, the Khivan army under Junaid Khan was completely defeated. On 2 February 1920, Khiva's last Khan, Sayyid Abdullah, abdicated and a short-lived Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (later the Khorezm SSR) was created out of the territory of the old Khanate of Khiva, before it was finally incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1924. The former Khanate was divided between

480-403: The Khanate by the then Khan of Khiva Isfandiyar , who sought to lessen the growing Turkmen threat. However, after a short period of time Junaid arranged Isfandiyar's assassination and later enthroned the murdered Khan's uncle Sayid Abdullah as a puppet ruler, while himself becoming the real master of the Khanate. Disillusioned with his ineffective policies that ultimately led to a new revolt,

512-569: The Khanate – the Turkmen leaders of Koshmammet Khan, Gulam-ali, Shamyrat-Bakhshi – Muhammed-Kurban actually became the ruler of Khiva. After the 1917 Bolshevik seizure of power in the October Revolution , and Junaid's failed attack against the Boshevik stronghold in Petro-Aleksandrovsk , anti-monarchists and Turkmen tribesmen joined forces with the Bolsheviks at the end of 1919 to depose

544-580: The Sayin Khan confederation. The Chowdur were primarily concentrated in the Mangyshlak Peninsula on the northeastern Caspian coast. The Kalmuks moved into the Mangyshlak Peninsula, the Sayin Khan confederation broke up and the Chowdur ended up southeast of Khiva , loosely confederated, but under the authority of the Yomut tribe. There are indications that some Chowdur ended up in the mid-Amu Darya region near

576-672: The breakup of the Golden Horde , (founded by Genghis Khan's grandson Batu, known as the Sayin Khan), in order to differentiate their origins from tribes that came from the territories of Hulegu (Iran) or Chaghatay (Trans-Oxanian Central Asia). The Sayin Khan Turkmens were an organized confederation of tribes thought to be divided, in typical Turco-Mongol fashion, into two parts, the Ichki (inner) and Tashki (outer) Oghuz . Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur ,

608-535: The early Oghuz Turkmen tribes of Qiniq , Begdili , Yiwa , Bayandur , Kayi and Afshar respectively. The Teke ("billy goat" in Turkmen) constitute the largest and historically one of the most influential modern Turkmen tribes. The Teke descended from the Oghuz tribe of Salur in the 11th or 12th century. The tribe is subdivided into two, the Ahal Teke and Mary Teke . British Lt. Col. C.E. Stuart in 1830s also noted

640-488: The emerging Soviet government. Born in 1857 (according to other sources in 1862), Junaid Khan was the son of Khojibay, a powerful leader of the Yomut ( Turkmen ) tribe of Junaids and a wealthy man. Muhammet-Kurban himself, despite his illiteracy, also enjoyed relevant authority among his tribesmen, which allowed him to become first kazi (judge) in the village, and later a water distributor (mirab). In September 1917, after

672-622: The main course of the Amudarya . One sub-tribe, the Ali-Eli, also moved eastward, but remained near Kaka region , which is now in Ahal Province of Turkmenistan . The Saryk mostly live on the upper Marghab River . The Chowdur tribe are direct descendants of the Chavuldur tribe of the Oghuz Turks and are thought to have occupied the left flank of Oghuz Khan’s army. They lived at the eastern shores

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704-479: The main military force in the Khanate. Dissatisfaction with Asfandiyar’s policy greatly increased in Khiva and in the spring of 1918, Junaid Khan organized a military coup, which overthrew and put to death Asfandiyar. Later he seized power for himself almost without resistance. An uncle of Asfandiyar Khan, Sayyid Abdullah became a new (puppet) Khan. Having defeated and expelled by mid-September 1918 his main adversaries in

736-495: The most important ones and finally fled first to Persia and then to Afghanistan where he eventually died in 1938. Turkmen tribes The origin of all of these tribes is traced to 24 ancient Oghuz tribes , among which the Salur tribe played a prominent role as its people are considered the ancestors of modern Turkmen tribes such as Teke, Yomut and Ersari. Seljuks , Khwarazmians , Qara Qoyunlu , Aq Qoyunlu , Ottomans and Afsharids are also believed to descend from

768-458: The most influential people in the Khanate. In January 1918, Asfandiyar Khan appointed Muhammet-Kurban as the commander of the armed forces of the Khanate, bestowing on him the title "Serdar-Karim" ("noble commander"). After Zaitsev's detachment from Khiva recaptured Tashkent from Bolsheviks and Left Social Revolutionaries , the Junaid Khan's detachment, numbering about 1,600 horsemen, became

800-449: The new Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR . Junaid Khan later waged numerous wars for several years with the emerging Soviet Turkestan and later with constituent republics of Soviet Central Asia for different reasons: to keep Khiva independent from Soviet rule , to recapture lost territories of the Khanate during the years as Russian protectorate , as well as to accumulate wealth. Though initially some of his battles were successful, he lost

832-575: The north of Charjui . Under the Khanate of Khiva , during the 19th century, Chowdur included the Igdir, Bozachi, Abdal, and Arabachi tribes. Yomuds (also called Yomuts) are one of the major modern Turkmen tribes. They descend from the Salur tribe of the Oghuz Turks. The historical region of settlement is the southern part of the Balkan welayaty (province) of Turkmenistan, near the Etrek River adjacent to Iran, between Etrek and Gorgan , as well as in

864-618: The north, in Dashoguz velayat . The Yomuds were divided into sedentary, semi-nomadic and nomadic groups, the last being the majority. Sedentary Yomud Turkmens lived in the villages of Chekishler and Esenguly located in today's Balkan welayaty ; semi-nomadic Yomuds lived in the lower reaches of the Etrek (in two large villages) in summer, and in winter they broke up into small groups and lived nomadically. Nomadic Turkmen Yomuds usually left for Etrek or Iran in autumn and winter. The last de facto ruler of

896-556: The overthrow of the government of the Young (revolutionary) Khivans , who had advocated reform and wished to limit the power of the Khan of Khiva Asfandiyar Khan , Muhammet-Kurban Serdar arrived to the capital. By uniting previously warring Turkmen tribes and establishing close relations with Colonel Ivan Zaitsev  [ ru ] , the head of the detachment sent to Khiva by the Provisional Government of Russia , he became one of

928-415: The primary authority and were never loyal to any of the foreign powers that conquered their lands. They always chose to rise and fight for their freedom, as evidenced in numerous battles and revolts against the neighboring Uzbek Khanates , Persian and Russian Empires . Such khans and serdars of various Turkmen tribes as Aba Serdar, Keýmir Kör , Nurberdi Han , Gowshut Han , Dykma Serdar , and others are

960-566: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Junaid_Khan&oldid=1249661566 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Junaid Khan (Basmachi leader) Junaid Khan ( Turkmen : Jüneýit han ; full name: Muhammet Gurban ); (b.1857/62–1938)

992-486: The surrender, the Teke commander, Ovezmurat Dykma-Serdar , was commissioned a major in the Russian Imperial Army. Russia's conquest of the Teke was completed in 1884 with the taking of Merv . Today members of Teke tribe are found predominantly in the southeastern regions of Turkmenistan. They represent over a third of Turkmenistan's population (more than 1.6 million, as of 2014 ). Ersari or Ärsary (where er

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1024-555: Was a Turkmen tribal leader who became the Chief of the Armed Forces and later the de facto and last ruler of the Khanate of Khiva . Born into the Turkmen tribe of Yomut , Muhammet Gurban was the son of a tribal chieftain Khojibay, after whose death he assumed the leadership of the tribe. Gaining authority during the Turkmen uprisings of 1912-1916, Junaid was granted enormous power within

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