Jumbuck is an Australian term of Aboriginal origin for a male sheep , and is featured in Banjo Paterson 's poem " Waltzing Matilda ".
31-531: The word may come from a Gamilaraay ( Indigenous Australian ) word, dhimba , of unknown meaning. A different etymology was offered by Edward Morris in 1898: "Jumbuck is aboriginal pidgin-English for sheep. Often used in the bush. The origin of this word was long unknown. It is thus explained by Mr. Meston, in the Sydney Bulletin , April 18, 1896: The word jumbuck for sheep appears originally as jimba, jombock, dombock , and dumbog . In each case it meant
62-733: A kangaroo rat's nest . At last, there was a carving of a full tribal man on one side of the track, and an aboriginal woman on the other. The Sandstone Caves (within the Pilliga Nature Reserve) are co-managed by the Gamilaraay people together with NPWS . All interpretive signage is in the Gamilaraay language followed by English. A small example, created by the Coonabarabran Gamilaraay Language Circle (Suellen Tighe, Maureen Sutler, Sid Chatfield & Peter Thompson),
93-448: A band-level social organisation. Important vegetable foods were yams and other roots, as well as a sterculia grain, which was made into a bread. Insect larvae, frogs, and eggs of several different animals were also gathered. Various birds, kangaroos, emus , possums, echidnas , and bandicoots were among the important animals hunted. Fish were also consumed, as were crayfish, mussels, and shrimp. Men typically hunted, cleaned, and prepared
124-485: A further 2.7 metres (3 yd) on, was Goomee , Baiame's fire, a 30-centimetre (1 ft) high mound with a lit fire on top. A further 16 metres (18 yd) on, parallel to the track and on Goomee's side, a codfish was depicted, and after it the Currea , a serpentine creature, and, 14 metres (15 yd) on the other side of the path, two death adders , followed then by a turkey's nest, an earth-stuffed porcupine's skin, and
155-504: A good deal of reconstructive work. Robert M. W. Dixon and his student Peter Austin recorded some around Moree , while Corinne Williams wrote a thesis on the Yuwaaliyaay dialect spoken at Walgett and Lightning Ridge . The Gamilaraay, like many other tribes, taught young men a secret language , called tyake , during their rites of initiation. In these systems, the normal profane terms used in everyday speech had to be substituted with
186-458: A large head-dress or hairstyle, with lines of footsteps nearby. He is always painted in front view; Turramūlan is drawn in profile. Baiame is often shown with internal decorations such as waistbands, vertical lines running down the body, bands and dots. In Kamilaroi star-lore myth it is recounted that Orion , known as Berriberri set out in pursuit of the Pleiades ( Miai-miai ) and cornered them in
217-446: A mother-tree where they were transformed into yellow and white cockatoos . His attempts to capture them were blocked by Turramūlan, a one-eyed, one-legged legendary figure associated with the Pole star . They called Orion's Belt , ghūtūr , a girdle that covered his invincible boomerang.( burran ) The seventh of Miai-miai, being less beautiful, was shy ( gurri gurri )and afraid and she
248-413: A similar fashion, Inside this ring two stumps ( warrengahlee ) formed from uprooted trees, one a coolabah the other a belar , trimmed and turned upside down so that the roots, decorated with twists of bark, flared out. The pathway leading novices from the larger to the smaller circle was adorned with yammunyamun , figures cut into the exposed sapwood of trees along the route, or drawn on the ground. On
279-414: A son Turramūlan . In other stories Turramūlan is said to be brother to Baiame. It was forbidden to mention or talk about the name of Baiame publicly. Women were not allowed to see drawings of Baiame nor approach Baiame sites, which are often male initiation sites (boras). Women were instead instructed by Turramūlan's sister, Muni Burribian . In rock paintings Baiame is often depicted as a human figure with
310-541: Is a small town on the North West Slopes region of New South Wales , Australia, in Liverpool Plains Shire . At the 2021 census , Quirindi had a population of 2,602. It is the nearest link to Gunnedah to the northwest and Tamworth to the north. The local economy is based on agriculture, with broadacre farming dominant on the black soil plains to the west and livestock grazing in the hilly eastern part of
341-493: Is ample evidence of intertribal warfare. The Northern Gamilaroi people have a strong cultural connection with the Bigambul people, and the tribes met regularly for joint ceremonies at Boobera Lagoon near the present-day town of Goondiwindi . Kamilaroi tradition includes Baiame , the ancestor or patron god. The Baiame story tells how Baiame came down from the sky to the land, and created rivers, mountains, and forests. He then gave
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#1732898517843372-540: Is given below. (See adjoining image.) Burranbalngayaldanhi nhalay yarrul ghalidu, maayirru. Yilambu yarrul biruubaraay warramayaanhi. Mulamula, nhalay yarrul! Ngamila! Water & wind have caused this rock to change over a long time. The caves were made long ago The rock is soft. Look out! Don't touch! Yilambu dhurray marandu yarrul barraldanhi ganugu. Mubirr yarrula garray. Ngamila! Garriya minyagaa ngiilay gaanga! Our ancestors made stone tools. They sharpened their axes. They marked
403-516: The Kamilaroi people. Gamilaraay language is classified as one of the Pama–Nyungan languages . The language is no longer spoken, as the last fluent speakers died in the 1950s. However, some parts have been reconstructed by late field work, which includes substantial recordings of the related language, Yuwaalaraay, which continued to be spoken down to the 1980s. Analysing these materials has permitted
434-418: The blacks had formed large encampments, and had folded the sheep; and though we saw and chased thirteen natives, (the only number seen on our side of the river, though numerous enough, on the other), they were ever too closer to the water's edge to admit of our securing them, for they took to the river when driven through the high reeds on its banks, and which rose above our heads when on horseback, and thus, from
465-585: The district. The town is on the Kamilaroi Highway 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest of its junction with the New England Highway at Willow Tree . The indigenous Gamilaroi people lived in the area for many thousands of years. The name Quirindi comes from the Gamilaraay language , with a number of meanings having been attributed it, which include "nest in the hills", "place where fish breed" and "dead tree on mountain top". Early spellings of
496-402: The game for cooking. Women did the actual cooking, in addition to fishing and farming. Individual Kamilaroi did not eat animals that were their totems. The nation was made up of many smaller family groups who had their own parcels of land to sustain them. One of the great Kings of this tribe was " Red Chief ", who is buried near Gunnedah . The Kamilaroi were regarded as fierce warriors and there
527-539: The game they love entirely. Quirindi Jockey Club plays host to seven race meetings each year including the Boxing Day Races which attracts thousands of people each year. A motorcycle club is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north-east of Quirindi on the Borah Creek Road, with a 1.2-kilometre motocross track named Stu Johnson Park. Werris Creek is 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Quirindi, following
558-490: The name included "Cuerindi" and "Kuwherindi". Quirindi Post Office opened on 1 January 1858. The town was gazetted on 19 February 1884. Quirindi has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: Quirindi sporting facilities include several sporting ovals catering for athletics, cricket (Falcons), Rugby League (Quirindi Grasshoppers), Rugby Union (Quirindi Lions), soccer (Qurindi Football Club- QFC formed in 2011), basketball and netball. Other sporting complexes include
589-399: The occasion observed by Mathews, on the right hand side, 82 metres (90 yd) down the track, was a mocked up bowerbird's nest , and 2.7 metres (3 yd) further on a scarecrow figure with trousers and jacket stuffed with grass, representing a white man. As the youths passed along this track, the significance of the symbols and their relevance to tribal beliefs was explained. Further down
620-474: The path of the explorer Thomas Mitchell . Wallabadah is located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of Quirindi on the New England Highway . Spring Ridge is about 50 kilometres (30 mi) west of Quirindi. Quirindi railway station is located on the Main North railway line , 392 kilometres (244 mi) from Sydney. The station opened in 1877, and continues to be served by daily rail services operated by
651-471: The path, a yammunyamun image of a bullock was formed from bark, dirt and the animal's skull. At 131 metres (143 yd), a 2.7-metre (9 ft) long representation of Baiame and his spouse Gooberangal lay, moulded from the earth, respectively on the right and left of the track. Further on, still on the left, was a carved figure of the Emu, apparently crouching, its head pointed towards the large bora. To its right,
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#1732898517843682-455: The people their laws of life, traditions, songs, and culture. He also created the first initiation site. This is known as a bora; a place where boys were initiated into manhood. When he had finished, he returned to the sky, and people called him the Sky Hero or All Father or Sky Father. He is said to be married to Birrahgnooloo (Birran-gnulu), who is often identified as an emu, and with whom he has
713-572: The racecourse, polo grounds, rodeo , campdrafting , an 18-hole golf course, two tennis clubs, three bowling greens, gun club and swimming complex. One major issue faced by Quirindi's sporting scene was the demise of the local rugby league club, the Quirindi Grasshoppers, who have been in recess since 2017 after years of financial problems. This has left the town without a team in its most popular sport, and forces local players to either travel to play for Murrurundi or Werris Creek , or give up
744-466: The rock. Look out! Don't collect anything! Giirr dhulubaraay dhibaraay, yuularaay dhawun nhalay. Minya minyabul ngarriylanha ngiyani. Giirr dhamali dhawundu nginunha! Around here there are plants, animals and food. We have everything we need. We live with the land. Let the land touch you! Source: Tindale 1974 , p. 194 Quirindi Quirindi ( / k w ə ˈ r ɪ n d aɪ / or / k ə ˈ r ɪ n d aɪ / )
775-737: The special mystical vocabulary. According to Norman Tindale 's estimation, the Gamilaraay's tribal domains encompassed some 75,000 km (29,000 sq mi), from around Singleton in the Hunter Valley through to the Warrumbungle Mountains in the west and up through the present-day centres of Quirindi , Gunnedah , Tamworth , Narrabri , Wee Waa , Walgett , Moree , Collarenebri , Lightning Ridge and Mungindi in New South Wales , to Nindigully in south west Queensland . The Kamilaroi were hunters and agriculturalists with
806-518: The suffix -(b)araay , bearing the sense of "having". It is a common practice among Australian tribes to have themselves identified according to their respective words for "no". The Kamilaroi Highway , the Sydney Ferries Limited vehicular ferry "Kamilaroi" (1901–1933), the stage name of Australian rapper and singer the Kid Laroi and a cultivar of Durum wheat have all been named after
837-434: The want of boats, escaped us, though only a few yards distant. They might, all with certainty, have been shot, but when they found we would not fire, the villains laughed at and mocked us, roaring out "plenty sheepy," "plenty jumbuck," (another name of theirs for sheep)..." The Taungurung word 'white clouds' is dumbok . A news report from 1839 noted that Indigenous people from the region around Yass, New South Wales used
868-543: The white mist preceding a shower, to which a flock of sheep bore a strong resemblance. It seemed the only thing the aboriginal mind could compare it to." In an account of a police expedition in 1841 to capture Maraura people from the region west of the junction of the Murray and Darling rivers, the following passage occurs: "...we found that the whole of the sheep had long before been slaughtered, as we saw their carcasses and bones thrown about in vast heaps in various places where
899-452: The word jimbuck to describe sheep. Gamilaraay The Gamilaroi , also known as Gomeroi , Kamilaroi , Kamillaroi and other variations, are an Aboriginal Australian people whose lands extend from New South Wales to southern Queensland . They form one of the four largest Indigenous nations in Australia . The ethnonym Gamilaroi is formed from gamil , meaning "no", and
930-419: Was cleared on loamy umah soil, roughly 23 metres (75 ft) in diameter, with the scraped earth used to create an embanked ring about 20–23 centimetres (8–9 in) high to fence off the sacred space, apart from one opening which led into a thunburran or narrows pathway that ran some 250 metres (270 yd) off to a smaller circle, some 14 metres (47 ft) in diameter, called a goonaba , constructed in
961-411: Was thus transformed into the least visible of the 7 Pleiades . The rite of passage whereby Gamilaraay youths are inducted by initiation into full membership of the tribe was conducted at a Bora ceremony on a bora site especially prepared for the occasion. Tribes ready to participate in such rituals are contacted, and the ceremonies lasted several days. The major bora , called Baiame's ground ,