85-684: [REDACTED] Look up julien in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Julien may refer to: People [ edit ] Julien (given name) Julien (surname) Music [ edit ] Julien (opera) , a 1913 poème lyrique by Gustave Charpentier Julien (album) , by Dalida, 1973 "Julien" (song) , by Carly Rae Jepsen, 2019 Places [ edit ] United States [ edit ] Julien's Auctions , an auction house in Los Angeles, California Julien's Restorator (ca.1793-1823),
170-455: A Belgian retired cyclist Julien Temple (born 1952), an English film, documentary and music video director Julien Tiersot (1857–1936), a French musicologist and composer Julien Tomas (born 1985), a French rugby union player Julien Torma (1902–1933), a French writer, playwright and poet Julien Toudic (born 1985), a French football player Julien Tournut (born 1982), a French football player Julien Touxagas (born 1984),
255-461: A Belgian-Danish architect Julien Desprès (born 1983), a French rower Julien Desrosiers (born 1980), an ice hockey player Julien De Wilde (born 1944), a Belgian businessman Julien Dillens (1849–1904), a Belgian sculptor Julien Dive (born 1985), French politician Julien Dobbelaere (1921–?), Belgian wrestler Julien Doré (born 1982), a French singer Julien d'Ortoli (born 1983), French sailor Julien Dray (born 1955),
340-442: A Canadian lawyer and civil servant Julien Civange (living), a French musician, composer, lyricist and producer Julien Clerc (born 1947), a French singer Julien Columeau (born 1972), French novelist Julien Cools (born 1947), a Belgian football player Julien Cordonnier (born 1980), a French professional football player Julien Cosmao (1761–1825), a French Navy officer and admiral Julien Coupat (born 1974),
425-594: A French Grand Prix motorcycle racer Julien Casoli (born 1982), a French Paralympian athlete Julien Castellini (born 1975), Monegasque alpine skier Julien Caussé (1869–1938), French sculptor Julien Célestine (born 1997), French footballer Julien Cétout (born 1988), a French professional football player Julien Chaisse (born 1976), professor of law at the City University of Hong Kong Julien Charlet , French curler and coach Julien Chauvin , French tennis player Julien Chouinard (1929–1987),
510-573: A French Jesuit missionary to Canada Julien Gauthier (born 1997), Canadian ice hockey player Julien Genre , Italian male curler Julien Gerbi (born 1985), a French-Algerian race car driver Julien Ghyoros (1922–1978), Belgian composer and conductor Julien Gibert (disambiguation) Julien Giovannetti (1914–1966), French operatic baritone Julien Girard (born 1984), a French professional football player Julien Gobaux (born 1990), French artistic gymnast Julien Goekint (1929–2023), Belgian politician Julien Gorius (born 1985),
595-491: A French actor Julien Bonetat (born 1971), French squash player Julien Bonnaire (born 1978), a French rugby union player Julien Bontemps (born 1979), a French sailor Julien Bonvin (born 1999), Swiss hurdler and sprinter Julien Borowczyk (born 1979), French politician Julien Bos , French handball player Julien Boutter (born 1974), a French former professional tennis player Julien Boyer (born 1998), French footballer Julien Brellier (born 1982),
680-404: A French botanist Julien Ribaudo (born 1987), Belgian politician Julien Ries (1920–2013), a Belgian religious historian Julien Rinaldi (born 1979), a French rugby league player Julien Robert (born 1974), a French biathlete Julien Rodriguez (born 1978), a French professional football player Julien Sablé (born 1980), a French football player Julien Saubade (born 1983),
765-420: A French cross-country mountain biker Julien Airoldi (1900–1974), French politician Julien Aklei (born 1975), American singer songwriter Julien Alfred (born 2001), Saint Lucian sprinter Julien Alvard (1916–1974), a French art critic Julien Amegandjin (born 1940), Togolese academic Julien Andlauer (born 1999), French racing driver Julien Anfruns (living), a French Director General of
850-425: A French fashion designer Julien François (born 1979), a French football player Julien Freund (1921–1993), French sociologist and philosopher Julien Friedler (1950–2022), a Belgian writer and contemporary artist Julien Frier (born 1974), a French rugby union player Julien Fritz (born 1990), French rugby player Julien Galipeau (born 1981), Canadian weightlifter Julien Garnier (1642–1730),
935-509: A French football player Julien Brouillette (born 1986), a Canadian professional ice hockey player Julien Brugnaut (born 1981), a rugby union player Julien Brulé (1875-after 1920), a French archer who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics Julien Bryan (1899–1974), an American photographer and film maker Julien Buge , French footballer Julien Cagnina (born 1994), Belgian tennis player Julien Cahn (1882–1944), an entrepreneur and philanthropist Julien Cain (1887–1974),
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#17330859224771020-406: A French football player Julien Fernandes (born 1985), a French-Portuguese football player Julien Fivaz (born 1979), a Swiss long jumper Julien Forêt (born 1982), a French professional golfer Julien Foucaud (1847–1904), French botanist Julien Fouchard (born 1986), French cyclist Julien Fountain (born 1970), an English professional cricket coach Julien Fournié (living),
1105-565: A French football player Julien Gouyet , a French priest credited with discovering the House of the Virgin Mary in 1881 Julien Gracq (1910–2007), a French writer Julien Green (1900–1998), an American writer Julien Grondin , French teqball player and former footballer Julien Grujon (1904–1976), French cyclist Julien Guadet (1834–1908), a French architect Julien Guay (born 1986), French cyclist Julien Guerrier (born 1985),
1190-432: A French former football player and current manager Julien Bayou (born 1980), French activist and politician Julien Bègue (born 1993), French footballer Julien Beke (1914–1992), Belgian wrestler Julien Belgy (born 1983), a French professional road bicycle racer Julien Benda (1867–1956), a French philosopher and novelist Julien Benhaim (born 1996), French footballer Julien Benneteau (born 1981),
1275-512: A French general who fought in the Napoleonic Wars Julien-Désiré Schmaltz (1771–1826), a French colonial administrator Julien Edmund Victor Gaujot (1874–1938), an American Army Medal of Honor recipient Julien François Desjardins (1799–1840), a French zoologist Julien Gustave Gagliardini (1846–1927), French painter Julien Joseph Audette (1914–1986), Canadian aviator Julien Joseph Vesque (1848–1895),
1360-549: A French mathematician and chemist Gabriel-Julien Ouvrard (1770–1846), a French financier Jean Baptiste Julien d'Omalius d'Halloy (1783–1875), a Belgian geologist Louis Julien Demers (1848–1905), a merchant and political figure in Quebec Luc-Julien-Joseph Casabianca (1762–1798), a French Navy officer Maxime Julien Émeriau de Beauverger (1762–1845), a French Navy officer and admiral Fictional characters [ edit ] Dr. Julien ,
1445-470: A French naturalist Julien Léon Loizillon (1829–1899), a French general Julien Louis Geoffroy (1743–1814), a French literary critic Julien Noël Costantin (1857–1936), a French botanist and mycologist Julien Paul Blitz (1885–1951), an American cellist, conductor and teacher Algirdas Julien Greimas (1917–1992), a French semiotician André Julien Chainat (1892–1961), a French World War I flying ace Charles Julien Brianchon (1783–1864),
1530-582: A French novelist and naval officer Julien Vidot (born 1982), a French racing driver Julien Vermote (born 1989), a Belgian professional cyclist Julien Vervaecke (1899–1940), a Belgian professional road bicycle racer Julien Wartelle (1889–1943), a French gymnast Julien Jalâl Eddine Weiss (1953–2015), French musician Julien Wiener (born 1955), an Australian former cricket player Julien Alexandre Achard de Bonvouloir (1749–1783), French envoy Julien Augustin Joseph Mermet (1772–1837),
1615-640: A French political activist Julien Courbet (born 1965), French journalist and presenter Julien Courbey (born 1976), a French actor Julien Cousineau (born 1981), a Canadian alpine skier Julien Creuzet , French artist Julien Crickx (1894–?), Belgian rower Julien Cuaz , French tennis player Julien Dacosta (born 1996), French footballer Julien Darui (1916–1987), a French football player Julién Davenport (born 1995), American football player Julien Davies Cornell (1910–1994), an American lawyer Julien Davignon (1854–1916), Belgian politician Julien de Lallande Poydras (1746–1824),
1700-435: A French professional football player Julien Ingrassia (born 1979), a French rally co-driver Julien Jabre (born 1976), French-Lebanese electronic music composer, producer and audio engineer Julien Jahier (born 1980), French footballer Julien Jeanpierre (born 1980), a French former professional tennis player Julien Josephson (1881–1959), an American motion picture screenwriter Julien Jousse (born 1986),
1785-467: A French professional football player Julien Lourau (born 1970), a French jazz saxophonist Julien Lowe , a fictional character in the television drama series The Shield Julien Loy (born 1976), a French triathlete Julien Lutz (born 1975), a Canadian music video director Julien Macdonald (born 1971), a Welsh fashion designer Julien Magnat (living), a French film and television screenwriter and director Julien Maitron (1881–1972),
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#17330859224771870-529: A French professional football player Julien Peyrelongue (born 1981), a French rugby union player Julien Pierre (born 1981), a French rugby union player Julien Pillet (born 1977), a French sabre fencer Julien Poueys (born 1979), a French football player Julien Poulin (born 1946), a Canadian actor, film director, screenwriter, film producer and composer Julien J. Proskauer , American magician Julien Prosser (born 1972), an Australian beach volleyball player Julien Puricelli (born 1981),
1955-567: A French professional golfer Julien Guertiau (1885–1954), a French flying ace during World War I Julien Guiomar (1928–2010), a French film director Julien Gunn (1877–1948), American politician Julien Haelterman (born 1940), Belgian cyclist Julien Havet (1853–1893), a French historian Julien Hébert (1917–1994), a Québécois industrial designer Julien Henx (born 1995), Luxembourgish swimmer Julien Hill (1877–1943), American football coach Julien Hoferlin (1966–2016), Belgian tennis coach Julien Hoffman (1925–2020),
2040-417: A French professional racing driver Julien Kapek (born 1979), a French triple jumper Julien Kerneur (born 1991), a French professional kite surfer Julien Klener (born 1939), a Belgian linguist Julien Lachuer (born 1976), a French football player Julien Laharrague (born 1978), a French rugby union player Julien Lahaut (1884–1950), a Belgian politician Julien Laubscher (born 1987),
2125-513: A French professional road bicycle racer Julien Malzieu (born 1983), a French rugby union and sevens player Julien Martinelli (born 1980), a French football player Julien Maurin (living), a French rally driver Julien Maury (born 1978), a French filmmaker Julien Mayfair , a fictional character in Anne Rice 's Mayfair Witches trilogy Julien Mazet (born 1981), a French professional road bicycle racer Julien Médecin (1894-?),
2210-446: A French professional tennis player Julien Bérard (born 1987), a French professional road bicycle racer Julien Berger (born 1990), a Belgian rugby union player Julien Bernard (born 1992), French cyclist Julien Berol (born 2001), French swimmer Julien Bertheau (1910–1995), a French actor Julien Berthier , a French artist Julien Berthomier (born 1990), a French football player Julien Bessières (1777–1840),
2295-480: A French rower Julien Bailleul (1988–2011), a French football player Julien Baker (born 1995), an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist Julien Balbo (born 1979), a French professional squash player Julien Balkany (born 1981), a French businessman Julien Barbier (1869–1940), French architect Julien Bardy (born 1985), a French-born Portuguese rugby union player Julien Bargeton (born 1973), French politician Julien Baudet (born 1979),
2380-1183: A French rugby union player Julien Durand (footballer) (born 1983), French association footballer Julien Durand (politician) (1874–1973), French politician Julien Duranville (born 2006), Belgian footballer Julien du Rhéart (1885–1963), French footballer Julien Duval (born 1990), French cyclist Julien Duvivier (1896–1967), French film director Julien Ebah (born 1990), Cameroonian footballer Julien Edwards (born 1988), Guyanese former footballer Julien El Fares (born 1985), French road bicycle racer Julien Epaillard , French show jumping rider Julien Escudé (born 1979), French football player Julien Fabri (born 1994), French footballer Julien Falchero (born 1997), French racing driver Julien Falk (1902–1987), French composer Julien Faubert (born 1983), French football player Julien Faussurier (born 1987), French football player Julien Favier (born 1980), French professional football player Julien Fédon (1750–1796), leader of slave revolt in Grenada Julien Félix , French early aviator Julien Féret (born 1982),
2465-503: A French rugby union player Julien Quercia (born 1986), a French football player Julien Quesne (born 1980), a French professional golfer Julien Raimond (1744–1801), an indigo planter in the French colony of Saint-Domingue Julien Rantier (born 1983), a French football player Julien Rassam (1968–2002), a French actor Julien de Ravalet (1582–1603), French man executed for committing incest Julien Reverchon (1837–1905),
2550-469: A French rugby union player Julien Schepens (1935–2006), a Belgian former professional road bicycle racer Julien Senderos (born 1980), a Swiss basketball player Julien Simon (born 1985), a French road bicycle racer Julien Sicot (born 1978), a French Olympic freestyle swimmer Julien Sola (born 1984), a French professional football player Julien Sprunger (born 1986), a Swiss professional ice hockey player Julien Stevens (born 1943),
2635-442: A French scientist Julien Bill (born 1983), Swiss motorcycle racer Julien Billaut (born 1981), a French slalom canoer Julien Binford (1909–1997), an American painter Julien Blanc (born 1988), Swiss-born motivational speaker Julien Bmjizzo (born 1994), Rwandan music director Julien Bogaert (1924–2018), Belgian canoeist Julien Bogousslavsky (born 1954), Swiss neurologist Julien Boisselier (born 1970),
Julien - Misplaced Pages Continue
2720-730: A French-American politician Julien Delannoy (born 1995), French rugby union player Julien Delaplane , tennis player Julien Delbecque (1903–1977), Belgian cyclist Julien Delbouis (born 1998), French rugby union player Julien Delétraz (born 1985), French footballer Julien Delocht (born 1942), Belgian cyclist Julien Delonglée (born 1983), a French professional football player Julien P. Delphey (1917–2009), American politician from Maryland Julien de Mallian (1805–1851), French playwright Julien Denormandie (born 1980), French politician Julien Depuychaffray (1907–1942), French wrestler Julien De Sart (born 1994), Belgian footballer Julien De Smedt (born 1975),
2805-593: A Monegasque architect Julien Michaud (born 1979), a French para table tennis player Julien Moineau (1903–1980), a French professional road bicycle racer Julien J. Monette , American politician Julien Mory Sidibé (1927–2003), a bishop of Mali Julien Musafia , an American musicologist Julien N'Da (born 1985), an Ivorian football player Julien Nitzberg (born 1966), an American film director, script writer and theatre director Julien Offray de La Mettrie (1709–1751), French physician and philosopher Julien of Toulouse (1750–1828), French deputy to
2890-501: A Parisian clockmaker and watchmaker Julien Levy (1906–1981), an art dealer in New York City, United States Julien Lizeroux (born 1979), a French World Cup alpine ski racer Julien Lootens (1876–1942), a Belgian cyclist Julien Loubet (born 1985), a French professional road bicycle racer Julien Lorcy (born 1972), a professional boxer Julien Loriot (1633–1715), a French theologian Julien Lorthioir (born 1983),
2975-478: A South African pop artist Julien Le Blant (1851–1936), a French painter of military subjects Julien J. LeBourgeois (1923–2012), a retired vice admiral of the United States Navy Julien Leclercq (1865–1901), a French poet and art critic Julien Leparoux (born 1983), a Champion jockey Julien Lepers (born 1949), a French television and radio host Julien Le Roy (1686–1759),
3060-479: A South African-American pediatric cardiologist Julien Hoffmann (1924–2007), a Luxembourgian composer and professor of music Julien Hornuss (born 1986), a French football player Julien Hudson (1811–1844), a free man of color who lived in New Orleans, United States Julien Humbert (born 1984), a French football player Julien Ictoi (born 1978), a French football player Julien Ielsch (born 1983),
3145-570: A basis for coinages: anthropology , photography , telephony , isomer , biomechanics , cinematography , etc. Together with Latin words , they form the foundation of international scientific and technical vocabulary ; for example, all words ending in -logy ('discourse'). There are many English words of Greek origin . Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European language family. The ancient language most closely related to it may be ancient Macedonian , which, by most accounts,
3230-532: A character in Ninjago King Julien , a character in Madagascar See also [ edit ] Julie (given name) Jean-Julien (given name) Julien-Joseph (given name) Pierre-Julien (given name) [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share the same given name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to
3315-552: A fairly stable set of consonantal contrasts . The main phonological changes occurred during the Hellenistic and Roman period (see Koine Greek phonology for details): In all its stages, the morphology of Greek shows an extensive set of productive derivational affixes , a limited but productive system of compounding and a rich inflectional system. Although its morphological categories have been fairly stable over time, morphological changes are present throughout, particularly in
3400-556: A faster, more convenient cursive writing style with the use of ink and quill . The Greek alphabet consists of 24 letters, each with an uppercase ( majuscule ) and lowercase ( minuscule ) form. The letter sigma has an additional lowercase form (ς) used in the final position of a word: In addition to the letters, the Greek alphabet features a number of diacritical signs : three different accent marks ( acute , grave , and circumflex ), originally denoting different shapes of pitch accent on
3485-531: A foreign language. It is also often stated that the historical changes have been relatively slight compared with some other languages. According to one estimation, " Homeric Greek is probably closer to Demotic than 12-century Middle English is to modern spoken English ". Greek is spoken today by at least 13 million people, principally in Greece and Cyprus along with a sizable Greek-speaking minority in Albania near
Julien - Misplaced Pages Continue
3570-570: A former French automobile manufacturer See also [ edit ] Julian (disambiguation) Saint-Julien (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Julien . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julien&oldid=1243777508 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
3655-486: A member of the National Assembly of France Julien Dubuque (1762–1810), a French Canadian settler Julien Dufau (1888–1916), French rugby union player Julien Duguay (born 1992), Canadian jeweler Julien Dumora (born 1988), French professional rugby union player Julien Dunkley (born 1975), a Jamaican track and field athlete Julien Dupré (1851–1910), a French painter Julien Dupuy (born 1983),
3740-421: A professional rugby league footballer Julien Valero (born 1984), a French-Spanish football player Julien Vanzeebroeck (born 1946), a Belgian Grand Prix motorcycle road racer Julien Varlet (born 1977), a French former professional tennis player Julien Vauclair (born 1979), a Swiss professional ice hockey player Julien Viale (born 1982), a French football player Julien Viaud (1850–1923),
3825-578: A restaurant in Boston, Massachusetts Julien Hall (Boston) , a building built in 1825 in Boston, Massachusetts Brasserie Julien , an American restaurant in New York City Elsewhere [ edit ] Julien Day School , a co-educational primary, secondary and senior secondary school in Kolkata, West Bengal, India Julien Inc. , a Canadian stainless steel fabrication company Camp Julien ,
3910-766: Is also found in Bulgaria near the Greek-Bulgarian border. Greek is also spoken worldwide by the sizable Greek diaspora which has notable communities in the United States , Australia , Canada , South Africa , Chile , Brazil , Argentina , Russia , Ukraine , the United Kingdom , and throughout the European Union , especially in Germany . Historically, significant Greek-speaking communities and regions were found throughout
3995-742: Is an Indo-European language, constituting an independent Hellenic branch within the Indo-European language family. It is native to Greece , Cyprus , Italy (in Calabria and Salento ), southern Albania , and other regions of the Balkans , Caucasus , the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor , and the Eastern Mediterranean . It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records. Its writing system
4080-474: Is an Indo-European language, but also includes a number of borrowings from the languages of the populations that inhabited Greece before the arrival of Proto-Greeks, some documented in Mycenaean texts ; they include a large number of Greek toponyms . The form and meaning of many words have changed. Loanwords (words of foreign origin) have entered the language, mainly from Latin, Venetian , and Turkish . During
4165-844: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Julien (given name) Julien Pronunciation French: [ʒyljɛ̃] Gender Male, (in English) rarely female Origin Language(s) 1. Greek 2. Latin Meaning 1. "downy-bearded" 2. "devoted to Jove" Other names Related names Julian , Jules , Julie , Julius , Julio , Julia , Jolyon List of people named Julien [ edit ] The given name Julien may refer to: Julien Abraham (born 1976), French film director and screenwriter Julien Absalon (born 1980),
4250-510: Is protected and promoted officially as a regional and minority language in Armenia, Hungary , Romania, and Ukraine. It is recognized as a minority language and protected in Turkey by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne . The phonology , morphology , syntax , and vocabulary of the language show both conservative and innovative tendencies across the entire attestation of the language from the ancient to
4335-518: Is spoken by at least 13.5 million people today in Greece, Cyprus, Italy, Albania, Turkey , and the many other countries of the Greek diaspora . Greek roots have been widely used for centuries and continue to be widely used to coin new words in other languages; Greek and Latin are the predominant sources of international scientific vocabulary . Greek has been spoken in the Balkan peninsula since around
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#17330859224774420-758: Is still used internationally for the writing of Ancient Greek . In Greek, the question mark is written as the English semicolon, while the functions of the colon and semicolon are performed by a raised point (•), known as the ano teleia ( άνω τελεία ). In Greek the comma also functions as a silent letter in a handful of Greek words, principally distinguishing ό,τι ( ó,ti , 'whatever') from ότι ( óti , 'that'). Ancient Greek texts often used scriptio continua ('continuous writing'), which means that ancient authors and scribes would write word after word with no spaces or punctuation between words to differentiate or mark boundaries. Boustrophedon , or bi-directional text,
4505-630: Is the Greek alphabet , which has been used for approximately 2,800 years; previously, Greek was recorded in writing systems such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary . The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin , Cyrillic , Coptic , Gothic , and many other writing systems. The Greek language holds a very important place in the history of the Western world. Beginning with
4590-486: The Eastern Mediterranean , in what are today Southern Italy , Turkey , Cyprus , Syria , Lebanon , Israel , Palestine , Egypt , and Libya ; in the area of the Black Sea , in what are today Turkey, Bulgaria , Romania , Ukraine , Russia , Georgia , Armenia , and Azerbaijan ; and, to a lesser extent, in the Western Mediterranean in and around colonies such as Massalia , Monoikos , and Mainake . It
4675-510: The Indo-Iranian languages (see Graeco-Aryan ), but little definitive evidence has been found. In addition, Albanian has also been considered somewhat related to Greek and Armenian, and it has been proposed that they all form a higher-order subgroup along with other extinct languages of the ancient Balkans; this higher-order subgroup is usually termed Palaeo-Balkan , and Greek has a central position in it. Linear B , attested as early as
4760-492: The nominal and verbal systems. The major change in the nominal morphology since the classical stage was the disuse of the dative case (its functions being largely taken over by the genitive ). The verbal system has lost the infinitive , the synthetically -formed future, and perfect tenses and the optative mood . Many have been replaced by periphrastic ( analytical ) forms. Pronouns show distinctions in person (1st, 2nd, and 3rd), number (singular, dual , and plural in
4845-465: The 3rd millennium BC, or possibly earlier. The earliest written evidence is a Linear B clay tablet found in Messenia that dates to between 1450 and 1350 BC, making Greek the world's oldest recorded living language . Among the Indo-European languages, its date of earliest written attestation is matched only by the now-extinct Anatolian languages . The Greek language is conventionally divided into
4930-486: The Greek alphabet since approximately the 9th century BC. It was created by modifying the Phoenician alphabet , with the innovation of adopting certain letters to represent the vowels. The variant of the alphabet in use today is essentially the late Ionic variant, introduced for writing classical Attic in 403 BC. In classical Greek, as in classical Latin, only upper-case letters existed. The lower-case Greek letters were developed much later by medieval scribes to permit
5015-425: The Greek language are often emphasized. Although Greek has undergone morphological and phonological changes comparable to those seen in other languages, never since classical antiquity has its cultural, literary, and orthographic tradition been interrupted to the extent that one can speak of a new language emerging. Greek speakers today still tend to regard literary works of ancient Greek as part of their own rather than
5100-491: The Greek language was the Cypriot syllabary (also a descendant of Linear A via the intermediate Cypro-Minoan syllabary ), which is closely related to Linear B but uses somewhat different syllabic conventions to represent phoneme sequences. The Cypriot syllabary is attested in Cyprus from the 11th century BC until its gradual abandonment in the late Classical period, in favor of the standard Greek alphabet. Greek has been written in
5185-629: The Greek verb have likewise remained largely the same over the course of the language's history but with significant changes in the number of distinctions within each category and their morphological expression. Greek verbs have synthetic inflectional forms for: Many aspects of the syntax of Greek have remained constant: verbs agree with their subject only, the use of the surviving cases is largely intact (nominative for subjects and predicates, accusative for objects of most verbs and many prepositions, genitive for possessors), articles precede nouns, adpositions are largely prepositional, relative clauses follow
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#17330859224775270-661: The Greek-Albanian border. A significant percentage of Albania's population has knowledge of the Greek language due in part to the Albanian wave of immigration to Greece in the 1980s and '90s and the Greek community in the country. Prior to the Greco-Turkish War and the resulting population exchange in 1923 a very large population of Greek-speakers also existed in Turkey , though very few remain today. A small Greek-speaking community
5355-474: The International Council of Museums since 2008 Julien Antomarchi (born 1984), French cyclist Julien Anziani (born 1999), French professional footballer Julien Arias (born 1983), a French rugby union player Julien Arpels (1884–1964), French businessman Julien Aubert (born 1978), French politician Julien Audy (born 1984), French rugby union player Julien Bahain (born 1986),
5440-651: The National Convention Julien Origas (1920–1983), French esotericist Julien Outrebon (born 1983), French professional football player Julien Paluku Kahongya (born 1968), politician of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Julien Peridier (1882–1967), a French electrical engineer and amateur astronomer Julien Perrichon (1566 – c. 1600), a French composer and lutenist of the late Renaissance Julien Perrin (born 1985),
5525-404: The acute during the late 20th century, and it has only been retained in typography . After the writing reform of 1982, most diacritics are no longer used. Since then, Greek has been written mostly in the simplified monotonic orthography (or monotonic system), which employs only the acute accent and the diaeresis. The traditional system, now called the polytonic orthography (or polytonic system),
5610-402: The ancient language; singular and plural alone in later stages), and gender (masculine, feminine, and neuter), and decline for case (from six cases in the earliest forms attested to four in the modern language). Nouns, articles, and adjectives show all the distinctions except for a person. Both attributive and predicative adjectives agree with the noun. The inflectional categories of
5695-404: The early 19th century that was used for literary and official purposes in the newly formed Greek state. In 1976, Dimotiki was declared the official language of Greece, after having incorporated features of Katharevousa and thus giving birth to Standard Modern Greek , used today for all official purposes and in education . The historical unity and continuing identity between the various stages of
5780-602: The epics of Homer , ancient Greek literature includes many works of lasting importance in the European canon . Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts in science and philosophy were originally composed. The New Testament of the Christian Bible was also originally written in Greek. Together with the Latin texts and traditions of the Roman world , the Greek texts and Greek societies of antiquity constitute
5865-452: The following periods: In the modern era, the Greek language entered a state of diglossia : the coexistence of vernacular and archaizing written forms of the language. What came to be known as the Greek language question was a polarization between two competing varieties of Modern Greek: Dimotiki , the vernacular form of Modern Greek proper, and Katharevousa , meaning 'purified', a compromise between Dimotiki and Ancient Greek developed in
5950-533: The general administrator of the Bibliothèque nationale de France before the Occupation of France by Nazi Germany Julien Canal (born 1982), a French racing driver Julien Candelon (born 1980), a French professional rugby player Julien Cardy (born 1981), a French football player Julien Carette (1897–1966), a French film actor Julien Carraggi , Belgian badminton player Julien Cartron (born 1989),
6035-439: The infinitive entirely (employing a raft of new periphrastic constructions instead) and uses participles more restrictively. The loss of the dative led to a rise of prepositional indirect objects (and the use of the genitive to directly mark these as well). Ancient Greek tended to be verb-final, but neutral word order in the modern language is VSO or SVO. Modern Greek inherits most of its vocabulary from Ancient Greek, which in turn
6120-621: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julien_(given_name)&oldid=1254255740 " Categories : French masculine given names Given names Masculine given names English masculine given names Hidden categories: Pages with French IPA Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles Greek language Greek ( Modern Greek : Ελληνικά , romanized : Elliniká , [eliniˈka] ; Ancient Greek : Ἑλληνική , romanized : Hellēnikḗ )
6205-463: The late 15th century BC, was the first script used to write Greek. It is basically a syllabary , which was finally deciphered by Michael Ventris and John Chadwick in the 1950s (its precursor, Linear A , has not been deciphered and most likely encodes a non-Greek language). The language of the Linear B texts, Mycenaean Greek , is the earliest known form of Greek. Another similar system used to write
6290-821: The main base for the Canadian contingent of the International Security Assistance Force in Kabul, Afghanistan Fort Julien , a fort in Egypt originally built by the Ottoman Empire and occupied by the French Pont Julien , a Roman stone arch bridge over the Calavon river in the south-east of France Other uses [ edit ] a French adjective meaning related to Julius Caesar Automobiles Julien ,
6375-621: The membership of Greece and Cyprus in the European Union, Greek is one of the organization's 24 official languages . Greek is recognized as a minority language in Albania, and used co-officially in some of its municipalities, in the districts of Gjirokastër and Sarandë . It is also an official minority language in the regions of Apulia and Calabria in Italy. In the framework of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages , Greek
6460-441: The modern period. The division into conventional periods is, as with all such periodizations, relatively arbitrary, especially because, in all periods, Ancient Greek has enjoyed high prestige, and the literate borrowed heavily from it. Across its history, the syllabic structure of Greek has varied little: Greek shows a mixed syllable structure, permitting complex syllabic onsets but very restricted codas. It has only oral vowels and
6545-399: The noun they modify and relative pronouns are clause-initial. However, the morphological changes also have their counterparts in the syntax, and there are also significant differences between the syntax of the ancient and that of the modern form of the language . Ancient Greek made great use of participial constructions and of constructions involving the infinitive, and the modern variety lacks
6630-521: The objects of study of the discipline of Classics . During antiquity , Greek was by far the most widely spoken lingua franca in the Mediterranean world . It eventually became the official language of the Byzantine Empire and developed into Medieval Greek . In its modern form , Greek is the official language of Greece and Cyprus and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union . It
6715-706: The older periods of Greek, loanwords into Greek acquired Greek inflections, thus leaving only a foreign root word. Modern borrowings (from the 20th century on), especially from French and English, are typically not inflected; other modern borrowings are derived from Albanian , South Slavic ( Macedonian / Bulgarian ) and Eastern Romance languages ( Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian ). Greek words have been widely borrowed into other languages, including English. Example words include: mathematics , physics , astronomy , democracy , philosophy , athletics , theatre, rhetoric , baptism , evangelist , etc. Moreover, Greek words and word elements continue to be productive as
6800-437: The stressed vowel; the so-called breathing marks ( rough and smooth breathing ), originally used to signal presence or absence of word-initial /h/; and the diaeresis , used to mark the full syllabic value of a vowel that would otherwise be read as part of a diphthong. These marks were introduced during the course of the Hellenistic period. Actual usage of the grave in handwriting saw a rapid decline in favor of uniform usage of
6885-568: Was a distinct dialect of Greek itself. Aside from the Macedonian question, current consensus regards Phrygian as the closest relative of Greek, since they share a number of phonological, morphological and lexical isoglosses , with some being exclusive between them. Scholars have proposed a Graeco-Phrygian subgroup out of which Greek and Phrygian originated. Among living languages, some Indo-Europeanists suggest that Greek may be most closely related to Armenian (see Graeco-Armenian ) or
6970-549: Was also used as the official language of government and religion in the Christian Nubian kingdoms , for most of their history. Greek, in its modern form, is the official language of Greece, where it is spoken by almost the entire population. It is also the official language of Cyprus (nominally alongside Turkish ) and the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (alongside English ). Because of
7055-546: Was also used in Ancient Greek. Greek has occasionally been written in the Latin script , especially in areas under Venetian rule or by Greek Catholics . The term Frankolevantinika / Φραγκολεβαντίνικα applies when the Latin script is used to write Greek in the cultural ambit of Catholicism (because Frankos / Φράγκος is an older Greek term for West-European dating to when most of (Roman Catholic Christian) West Europe
7140-566: Was under the control of the Frankish Empire ). Frankochiotika / Φραγκοχιώτικα (meaning 'Catholic Chiot') alludes to the significant presence of Catholic missionaries based on the island of Chios . Additionally, the term Greeklish is often used when the Greek language is written in a Latin script in online communications. The Latin script is nowadays used by the Greek-speaking communities of Southern Italy . The Yevanic dialect
7225-653: Was written by Romaniote and Constantinopolitan Karaite Jews using the Hebrew Alphabet . In a tradition, that in modern time, has come to be known as Greek Aljamiado , some Greek Muslims from Crete wrote their Cretan Greek in the Arabic alphabet . The same happened among Epirote Muslims in Ioannina . This also happened among Arabic-speaking Byzantine rite Christians in the Levant ( Lebanon , Palestine, and Syria ). This usage
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