Juan José Castro (March 7, 1895 – September 3, 1968) was an Argentine composer and conductor.
32-737: Born in Avellaneda , Castro studied piano and violin under Manuel Posadas and composition under Eduardo Fornarini , in Buenos Aires. In the 1920s he was awarded the Europa Prize , and then went on to study in Paris at the Schola Cantorum under Vincent d'Indy and Édouard Risler . Returning to Buenos Aires in 1925, he was named conductor of the Renacimiento Chamber Orchestra in 1928 and
64-518: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Avellaneda Avellaneda ( Latin American Spanish: [aβeʝaˈneða] , local pronunciation: [aβeʃaˈneða] ) is a port city in the province of Buenos Aires , Argentina, and the seat of the Avellaneda Partido , whose population was 342,677 as per the 2010 census [ INDEC ] . Avellaneda is located within
96-611: Is composed of some of their descendants, and the total number is estimated at between 500,000 and 1,000,000. Argentina is the home of the fifth largest Irish community in the world , the largest in a non-English speaking nation and the greatest in Latin America . Most of those who left Ireland arrived in Buenos Aires attracted by the possibility of better living conditions, as the economic, social and political conditions in Ireland at
128-502: The 1973 Intercontinental Cup . See Category:People from Avellaneda Irish Argentine Irish Argentines are Argentine citizens who are fully or partially of Irish descent. Irish emigrants from the Midlands, Wexford and many counties of Ireland arrived in Argentina mainly from 1830 to 1930, with the largest wave taking place in 1850–1870. The modern Irish-Argentine community
160-530: The Dresden Affair, in 1889, Archbishop of Cashel, Thomas Croke wrote: "I most solemnly conjure my poorer countrymen, as they value their happiness hereafter, never to set foot on the Argentine Republic however tempted to do so they may be by offers of a passage or an assurance of comfortable homes." Irish immigrants began arriving in Argentina in the 19th century, largely as gauchos and ranchers on
192-566: The Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area , and is connected to neighboring Buenos Aires by several bridges over the Riachuelo River . Located on land granted to Adelantado Juan Torres de Vera y Aragón by Captain Juan de Garay in 1620, a port settlement known as Puerto del Riachuelo first emerged here in 1731. Established as Barracas al Sur on April 7, 1852, by Quilmes Justice of
224-609: The Hurling Club in Argentina making an outstanding exhibition. The Argentine Hurling Club counts now with a Hurling and a Gaelic Football team, this last one won the first World Games held in Abu Dhabi in the non-Irish division. The first Irishmen that arrived in present-day Argentina were the brothers Juan and Tomás (John and Thomas) Farrel in 1536. They were members of Pedro de Mendoza 's expedition. The Irish community in Argentina
256-570: The Pampas of Buenos Aires Province . The earliest reference to hurling in Argentina dates from the late 1880s in the ranching town of Mercedes, Buenos Aires , a major center of the Irish-Argentine community. However, the game wasn't actively promoted until 1900 when it came to the attention of author and newspaperman William Bulfin . Under Bulfin's patronage, the Argentine Hurling Club
288-880: The Teatro Colón in 1930. From 1939 to 1943 he was a professor at the Buenos Aires Conservatory . Castro's international career began in the 1940s. In 1947 he conducted the Havana Philharmonic , and the Sodre Orchestra in Uruguay in 1949. In 1952-53 he was the conductor of the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra (then known as the Victorian Symphony Orchestra) in Australia . He returned to
320-529: The 1880s, as well as the high mortality ratios for the Irish immigrants in certain periods before the 1869 census (e.g. during the 1868 cholera outbreak in the Buenos Aires province). For the nineteenth century, one out of every two Irish emigrants to Argentina went back to Ireland or re-migrated to the United States, Canada, Australia and other destinations. MacKenna says that Korol and Sabato "greatly underestimated
352-520: The 1920s Anglo-Irish War of Independence. The southernmost tip of Chile and Argentina, in places like the city of Punta Arenas and also the Falkland Islands, were other destinations for Irish and Scottish immigrants which are frequently underestimated. Eduardo A. Coghlan reported 16,284 Irish Argentines in Buenos Aires and Buenos Aires Province at the turn of the twentieth century. Only 4,693 of these had actually been born in Ireland, just 28.8% of
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#1732884003396384-587: The 1950s and '60s led to irreparable structural damage to the cathedral, however, and in 1967 it was closed to the public. Demolished in 1971, the Renaissance Revival cathedral was replaced in 1984 by a modern structure. Two of the most important Argentine football clubs, Independiente and Racing , are located in Avellaneda. The city became the third in the world (after Milan and Montevideo ) to be home to two world championship teams when Independiente won
416-599: The Americas and conducted the National Symphony in Buenos Aires from 1956-1960. From 1960 to 1964, he was director of the Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico . Castro's brothers, José María and Washington , were also both composers. Juan José Castro married the daughter of the composer Julián Aguirre . He died in Buenos Aires in 1968, aged 73. Note: This list is incomplete This article about an Argentine composer
448-622: The Central Produce Market closed in 1963. It was ultimately demolished in 1966 to make way for the New Pueyrredón Bridge that connects Avellaneda to the Frondizi Expressway in Buenos Aires proper. The Diocese of Avellaneda and Lanús was formally established in 1961. Its cathedral, Iglesia Catedral de la Asunción , had been consecrated a century earlier. The construction of numerous high rises around Alsina Square during
480-642: The Peace Martín José de la Serna, the town grew to become a major rail center during the late 19th century. It was renamed on January 11, 1904, after former President Nicolás Avellaneda . It was declared a city on October 23, 1895, and its population has been stable since around 1960. Avellaneda is one of the foremost wholesale and industrial centers of Argentina. The city's largest employers are textile mills, meat-packing and grain-processing plants, oil refineries , metallurgical works, extensive docking facilities, and markets for farm and ranch products; some of
512-688: The South American landed gentry , was the most important factor attracting thousands of young men to the area. Others had arrived earlier as merchants, artisans and mercenaries, such as William Brown , who fought for the cause of Argentine independence and the Argentine war against Brazil . For Irish immigrants, the new lands of the Southern Cone of South America brought further interest for immigration to purchase large land tracts for bargain prices, working first as labourers, then in "halves" or "thirds" in
544-412: The agriculturally barren provinces, inviting more Irish and other immigrants to Argentina to work for him. This recommendation system was very active, and, with almost limitless amounts of land available, many Irish immigrants went on to do very well economically. This industry expanded to other places, eventually flourishing in the rest of Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Córdoba . The Dresden Affair marked
576-410: The countryside worked as rural labourers, cattle dealers, and shepherds. Those in the flourishing sheep-farming business of 1840–1890 were most likely to succeed working as shepherds and sharing a half or a third of the produce in wool and lambs. In this way, some of them managed to rent and later purchase land. In Curumalal , Buenos Aires, and Venado Tuerto , Santa Fe , Eduardo Casey helped populate
608-526: The end of mass Irish emigration to Argentina. Less fortunate Irish immigrants were recruited in the 1870s and 1880s among poor segments in Dublin, Cork and other counties, and sent as colonists to Argentina. Irish-Argentine agents hired by the Buenos Aires provincial government actively worked in Ireland and were paid by the state and the shipping companies. In 1889, the Dresden Affair occurred when agents Buckley O'Meara and John Stephen Dillon sent 1,774 emigrants in
640-404: The game. Games of hurling were played every weekend until 1914 and received frequent coverage even from Argentina's Spanish language newspapers like La Nacion . After the outbreak of World War I , however, it became very almost impossible to obtain hurleys from Ireland. An attempt was made to use native Argentine mountain ash, but it proved too heavy and lacking in pliability. Although the game
672-454: The most prominent firms whose main facilities are in Avellaneda are food processor Molinos Río de la Plata , beverage maker Cepas Argentinas, bathroom fixtures maker Ferrum, and América 24 cable news. The National University of Avellaneda was established here in 2009. The Central Produce Market ( Mercado Central de Frutos ) also operated in Avellaneda. Located on the banks of the Riachuelo, it
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#1732884003396704-399: The number of Irish immigrants" and considers that the total number of Irish immigrants in Argentina in the nineteenth century should be estimated in between 45,000 and 50,000 (M.A. thesis at NUI Maynooth, 1992, p. 83). The neglect of Anglo-Irish, Scot-Irish and in general Protestant Irish immigration in Argentina should add further numbers, particularly in the last peak of immigration after
736-527: The past. Although the game continued to be occasionally played into the 1960s, it would never regain its former popularity. In 1980 the Aer Lingus Hurling Club conducted a three-week tour of the country and played matches at several locations, including the Christian Brothers school at Boulogne, Buenos Aires . In January 2002 for the first time The Hurling All-Stars Teams 2000 y 2001 came to
768-445: The population, while another 11,591 individuals had been born in Argentina. At present, roughly 650,000 Argentines are of Irish descent. The Irish immigrants settled mainly in Buenos Aires , the homonymous province , and the littoral provinces . Those in urban areas worked as labourers, merchants, employees, artisans, teachers, professionals and, increasingly after the 1860s and especially for women, as domestic servants. The Irish in
800-477: The sheep-farming business, and finally renting and purchasing land. It is difficult to accurately calculate the exact number of immigrants. Many Irish newcomers declared themselves to be ingleses , as all of Ireland at the time was still part of the United Kingdom, and others were simply assumed to be British by the authorities. The immigration records in Buenos Aires lack any entries dating from before 1822 and
832-461: The steamer City of Dresden . Many died due to the conditions of the journey or upon arrival in Buenos Aires. About seven hundred were carried to Bahía Blanca to establish the Irish Colony of Napostá, which in a few months was a failure. The vast majority of these immigrants did not stay in the country, and struggled to go back to Ireland or re-migrated to the United States and other places. Following
864-499: The time were quite poor, but the emigrants came from counties and social segments in which the economic conditions were not the worst (Westmeath, Longford, Offaly, Wexford). Others, in turn, left after receiving favourable descriptions of the country from friends and family who had already arrived in Argentina. The real or perceived possibility of becoming landowners in the Río de la Plata region (Argentina and Uruguay ), and consequently joining
896-418: The total number of immigrants. Juan Carlos Korol and Hilda Sabato estimated that the total number of Irish immigrants in the nineteenth century was between 10,500 and 11,500 ( Cómo fue la inmigración irlandesa a la Argentina , 1981 p. 48). However, further research conducted by Patrick MacKenna shows that Coghlan, Korol and Sabato did not consider return migration and re-migration, which was significant after
928-602: The years 1823, 1824, 1836, 1840, 1841, 1842 and 1855. The records in between these years are also incomplete, due to conflicts of who was Irish, English and Scottish in South American demographics. Between 1822 and 1829, at least 7,160 Irish immigrants arrived, being 1889 the peak of this migration (on 15 February of this year 1,774 people arrived on the steamer SS Dresden ). Based on incomplete passenger list records, as well as on census returns (Buenos Aires 1855, national 1869 and national 1895) transcribed by Eduardo A. Coghlan (1982, 1987), researchers made elaborate calculations of
960-500: Was developed by Irish Argentine businessman Eduardo Casey and inaugurated in 1889; served by a Buenos Aires Western Railway rail link, the 150,000 m (1,600,000 sq ft) brick structure was at the time the largest warehouse in the world. The decentralization of warehousing and wholesaling during the 20th century, as well as its nationalization in 1946 as part of the IAPI state export agency, resulted in its decline, however, and
992-463: Was formed on 15 July 1900. On 17 August 1900, Bulfin printed the rules and a diagram of a hurling pitch in The Southern Cross , the official newspaper of the Argentina's Irish community. Enthusiasm spread rapidly and teams were quickly established in both the neighborhoods of Buenos Aires and the surrounding farming communities. The Passionist and Pallotine Orders took a major role in promoting
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1024-473: Was revived after the end of the war, the golden age of Argentine hurling had passed. World War II finally brought the era to its close. In the aftermath of the Second World War, immigration from Ireland slowed to a trickle. In addition, native born Irish-Argentines assimilated far quicker than in other places, Hispanicising their names and frequently marrying outside the community, something unheard of in
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