José Benjamín Quintero (15 October 1924 – 26 February 1999) was a Panamanian theatre director, producer and pedagogue best known for his interpretations of the works of Eugene O'Neill .
84-566: Quintero was born in Panama City , Panama , the fourth of 4 children, to Carlos Quintero Rivera, from Panama, and Consuelo Palmerola from Panama. As a boy he was an acolyte , though he described his childhood in other ways as a disaster—the result of a domineering and overbearing father. He was educated in the United States at Los Angeles City College , the University of Southern California , and
168-460: A World Heritage Site and popular tourist attraction, regularly visited by school trips. The city was founded on 15 August 1519, by Pedro Arias de Ávila , also known as Pedrarias Dávila. Within a few years of its founding, the city became a launching point for the exploration and conquest of Peru and a transit point for gold and silver headed back to Spain through the Isthmus. The Genoese-Italians and
252-655: A film adaptation of Miss Julie . The film, released in September 2014, stars Jessica Chastain , Colin Farrell , and Samantha Morton . It was widely praised by the Norwegian press. In 2018, Ullmann narrated Wars Don't End , a documentary about the Lebensborn war children. In March 2022 it was announced by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences that Ullmann would receive
336-468: A Marriage (1973), The Passion of Anna (1969), and Autumn Sonata (1978). Ullmann won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama in 1972 for the film The Emigrants and has been nominated for another four. In 2000, she was nominated for the Palme d'Or for her second directorial feature film, Faithless . She has received two BAFTA Award nominations, and two nominations for
420-758: A cast he said belonged in Broadway. The brilliant cast included Jeanie Columbo, Ralph Williams, Betty Miller, Nancy Wickwire, Charlotte Jones and Janet Dowd. In 1990, he directed Liv Ullmann in Noël Coward 's Private Lives at the National Theatre in Oslo . He also directed operas for the Metropolitan Opera and the Dallas Opera . Quintero was a noted teacher and lectured on theatre and gave master classes in acting at
504-605: A director was Sofie (1992); her friend and former co-actor, Erland Josephson, starred on it. She later directed the Bergman-composed movie Faithless (2000). Faithless garnered nominations for both the Palme d'Or and Best Actress category at the Cannes Film Festival . In 2003, Ullmann reprised her role for Scenes from a Marriage in Saraband (2003), Bergman's final telemovie. Her previous screen role had been in
588-606: A film based on A Doll's House . According to her statement, the Norwegian Film Fund was preventing her and writer Ketil Bjørnstad from pursuing the project. Australian actress Cate Blanchett and British actress Kate Winslet had been cast intended in the main roles of the movie. She later directed Blanchett in the play A Streetcar Named Desire , by Tennessee Williams , at the Sydney Theatre Company in Sydney, which
672-576: A forest that helped to preserve that forest. Along the western side of the canal is the Parque Nacional Soberanía (Sovereignty National Park), which includes the Summit botanical gardens and a zoo. The best known trail in this national park is Pipeline Road, popular among birdwatchers. Nearly 500 rivers lace Panama's rugged landscape. Most are unnavigable; many originate as swift highland streams, meander in valleys, and form coastal deltas. However,
756-504: A hub for banking and commerce. The city of Panama was founded on 15 August 1519, by Spanish conquistador Pedro Arias Dávila . The city was the starting point for expeditions that conquered the Inca Empire of Peru. It was a stopover point on one of the most important trade routes in the American continent, leading to the fairs of Nombre de Dios and Portobelo , through which passed most of
840-620: A joint venture with a Panamanian company called CCG Cocige. The Panamanian ministry of Tourism hopes for the convention center to house 100 international events annually. There were plans (proposed by Panamanian president Juan Carlos Varela ) to build in Amador a campus for the embassy of the People's Republic of China in Panama, however the plans were eventually dropped, due to criticism from the general public and fears that tourists could easily assume that Panama
924-584: A meter to measure fares, instead using a zone system for fares that is published by the Autoridad de Transito y Transporte Terrestre, Panama's transit authority. Taxis used to be red. Taxi drivers that charge more than usual are not uncommon. Many also participate in InDriver and Cabify . Uber has been the subject of controversy, with many taxi drivers demanding its cessation of operations in Panama City. Panama City
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#17330938381961008-745: A site comprising around 800 buildings. Most of Panama City's main monuments are located in Casco Antiguo, including the Salón Bolivar, the National Theater (founded in 1908), Las Bóvedas, and Plaza de Francia. There are also many Catholic buildings, such as the Metropolitan Cathedral, the La Merced Church, and the St. Philip Neri Church. The distinctive golden altar at St. Joseph Church was one of
1092-580: A star and the short-lived 1968 production of The Seven Descents of Myrtle . In 1961, he directed Vivien Leigh and Warren Beatty in the film version of Williams's The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone which brought Lotte Lenya an Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actress. In 1973, he also directed three one act plays at the Academy Playhouse in Lake Forest, Illinois. Hello From Bertha , Lady of Larkspur Lotion and The Orchestra . He chose
1176-515: A stopover for other destinations in the country, as well as a transit point and tourist destination in itself. Tourism is one of the most important economic activities in terms of revenue generation. This sector of the economy has seen a great deal of growth since the transfer of the Panama Canal Zone at the end of the twentieth century. The number of hotel rooms increased by more than ten-fold, from 1,400 in 1997 to more than 15,000 in 2013, while
1260-507: A variety of different bars and nightclubs that cater to the tourists visiting the city. One of the newer tourist areas of the city is the area immediately east of the Pacific entrance of the canal, known as the Amador Causeway. This area is being developed as a tourist center and nightlife destination. The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute operates a station and a small museum open to
1344-597: Is twinned with: Panama City is part of the Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities . 8°59′N 79°31′W / 8.983°N 79.517°W / 8.983; -79.517 Liv Ullmann Liv Johanne Ullmann (born 16 December 1938) is a Norwegian actress. Recognised as one of the greatest European actresses of all time, Ullmann is known as the muse and frequent collaborator of filmmaker Ingmar Bergman . She acted in many of his films, including Persona (1966), Cries and Whispers (1972), Scenes from
1428-458: Is a Panamanian artist known throughout the world for his uniquely rendered oil paintings. Another prominent artist is Mario Calvit, known as one of the great painters of the generation that flourished in the country between the decades of 1950 and 1970. Tourism in Panama City includes many different historic sites and locations related to the operation of the Panama Canal. A few of these sites are
1512-469: Is a great deal of cultural diversity within the city, which manifests itself in the wide variety of languages commonly spoken, such as German, Portuguese, French, Arabic, Chinese, Hebrew and English, in addition to Spanish. Panamá Viejo ("Old Panama") is the name used for the architectural vestiges of the Monumental Historic Complex of the first Spanish city founded on the Pacific coast of
1596-503: Is a third line currently under construction. There are frequent traffic jams in Panama City due to the high levels of private transport ownership per kilometer of traffic lane. In an attempt to curb traffic jams, the Panama Metro , initially 14 km (9 mi) long and funded an increase in taxes, began operation in 2014. The bus terminal located in Ancon offers buses in and out of
1680-518: Is handled through port facilities in the area of Balboa operated by the Hutchison Whampoa Company of Hong Kong and through several ports on the Caribbean side of the isthmus. Balboa, which is located within the greater Panama metropolitan area, was formerly part of the Panama Canal Zone, and the administration of the former Panama Canal Zone was headquartered there. Panamá is located between
1764-675: Is in Ft. Lauderdale in Broward County, Florida); the University of Oklahoma ; the Central Texas University; the University of Louisville which runs a sister campus in the city, and the Florida State University , which operates a broad curriculum program in an academic and technological park known as Ciudad del Saber . Panama City is home to at least 14 hospitals and an extensive network of public and private clinics, including
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#17330938381961848-572: Is named in his honor. Panama City Panama City , also known as Panama (or Panamá in Spanish), is the capital and largest city of Panama . It has a total population of 1,086,990, with over 2,100,000 in its urban area. The city is located at the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal , in the province of Panama . The city is the political and administrative center of the country, as well as
1932-500: Is regarded as the birth of Off-Broadway theatre. He became one of the most celebrated Broadway and Off Broadway directors and producers and worked with some of the greatest names in American theatre . His own name is inextricably linked to that of the American playwright Eugene O'Neill. Quintero's interest contributed to the rediscovery of O'Neill. Quintero staged several of his works, including The Iceman Cometh in 1956, which launched
2016-539: The Academy Award for Best Actress , for The Emigrants and Ingmar Bergman's Face to Face . On March 25, 2022, Ullmann was presented with an Honorary Academy Award in recognition of her "bravery and emotional transparency that has gifted audiences with deeply affecting screen portrayals". Ullmann was born in Tokyo, Japan, the daughter of Norwegian parents, Erik Viggo Ullmann (1907–1945), an aircraft engineer who
2100-589: The Academy Honorary Award . John Lithgow presented her with the statue at the Governors Awards saying, "For those few who claim that she never would've been called one of our greatest actors without Ingmar Bergman , I would answer, Bergman would probably never been called one of our greatest filmmakers without Liv Ullman". Ullmann was married to Norwegian psychiatrist Hans Jakob Stang from 1960 until 1965. She met Swedish director Ingmar Bergman and
2184-529: The El Chorrillo neighborhood, which consisted mostly of old wood-framed buildings dating back to the 1900s (though still a large slum area), was destroyed by fire. In 1999, the United States officially transferred full control of the Panama Canal to the Republic of Panama, which remains in control today. The city of Panama is still a banking center, although with very visible controls in the flow of cash. Shipping
2268-687: The Goodman School of Drama at the Art Institute of Chicago (now at DePaul University ). where he decided on a career in theatre. After notification of his intention, his father, who wanted him to be a physician , declared him dead, leading to Jose's seven-year estrangement from his family. Quintero co-founded the Circle in the Square Theatre in Greenwich Village with Theodore Mann in 1951; this
2352-548: The Hospital Santo Tomás , Hospital del Niño, Complejo Hospitalario Arnulfo Arias Madrid, Centro Médico Paitilla, Hospital Santa Fé, Hospital Nacional , Clinica Hospital San Fernando, and Hospital Punta Pacifica . About 45% of the country's physicians are based in Panama City. Panama's international airport, Tocumen International Airport is located on the eastern outskirts of the city's metropolitan area. Two other airports serve Panama City: Panamá Pacífico , previously
2436-555: The Howard Air Force Base , and Marcos A. Gelabert , previously the Albrook Air Force Base . Pacífico serves Wingo, while Marcos A. Gelabert Airport is the main hub for AirPanama. Most other flights are served by Tocumen. The Panama Metro is a rapid transit system in Panama City, which links the north and east sides of the metropolitan area to the city center. The Panama Metro currently has two operating lines. There
2520-504: The Panama Canal and port facilities located in Balboa . Panama's status as a convergence zone for capital from around the world due to the canal helped the city establish itself as a prime location for offshore banking and tax planning. Consequently, the economy has relied on accountants and lawyers who help global corporations navigate the regulatory landscape. The city has benefited from significant economic growth in recent years, mainly due to
2604-535: The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute . Tropical forests around Panama are vital for the functioning of the Panama Canal, providing it with the water required for its operation. Due to the canal's importance to the Panamanian economy, tropical forests around the canal have been kept in an almost pristine state; the canal is thus a rare example of a vast engineering project in the middle of
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2688-904: The Universidad Católica Santa María La Antigua , the Universidad Latina de Panama , the Universidad Latinoamericana de Ciencia y Tecnología (ULACIT), the Distance and Open University of Panama (UNADP), Universidad del Istmo Panama, the Universidad Maritima Internacional de Panama, and the Universidad Especializada de las Americas. Also, there are Panama Branches of the Nova Southeastern University (its main campus
2772-530: The University of Houston and Florida State University . In 1996 he directed two early O'Neill plays, The Long Voyage Home and Ile , at the Provincetown Repertory Theater in Massachusetts . Quintero battled alcoholism and with the help of his life partner , Nicholas Tsacrios, was able to defeat his addiction in the 1970s. He was diagnosed with throat cancer in 1987 that necessitated
2856-552: The dry season spans from January through April. Temperatures remain constant throughout the year, averaging around 27 °C (81 °F). Sunshine is subdued in Panama because it lies in the Intertropical Convergence Zone , where there is a nearly continual cloud formation, even during the dry season. Panama's old quarter (or Casco Viejo, Panama ) features many architectural styles, from Spanish colonial buildings to French and Antillean townhouses built during
2940-426: The urban center of the city, including Santa Ana, El Chorrillo , Calidonia, Curundú, Ancón, Bella Vista, Bethania, San Francisco, Juan Diaz, Pueblo Nuevo, Parque Lefevre, and Río Abajo. As the economic and financial center of the country, Panama City's economy is service-based , heavily weighted toward banking, commerce, and tourism. The economy depends significantly on trade and shipping activities associated with
3024-602: The Americas by Pedro Arias de Ávila on 15 August 1519. This city was the starting point for the expeditions that conquered the Inca Empire in Peru in 1532. It was a stopover point on one of the most important trade routes in the history of the American continent, leading to the famous fairs of Nombre de Dios and Portobelo , where most of the gold and silver that Spain took from the Americas passed through. Built and settled in 1671 after
3108-540: The Americas. The city is located in Panama District , although its metropolitan area also includes some populated areas on the opposite side of the Panama Canal. As in the rest of the country, the city is divided into corregimientos , in which there are many smaller boroughs. The old quarter, known as the Casco Viejo , is located in the corregimiento of San Felipe . San Felipe and twelve other corregimientos form
3192-725: The Canada–Norway co-produced animated short movie The Danish Poet (2006), which won the Academy Award for Animated Short Film at the 79th Academy Awards during 2007. In 2008, she was the head of the jury at the 30th Moscow International Film Festival . During 2012, she attended the International Indian Film Academy Awards in Singapore, where she was honored for her Outstanding Contributions to International Cinema and she also showed her movie on her relationship with Ingmar Bergman. In 2013, Ullmann directed
3276-602: The Cinta Costera maritime highway viaduct in 2014 named "Cinta Costera 3" around the Casco Antiguo. Before the Cinta Costera 3 project was built there were protests. Much of the controversy surrounding the project involved the possibility that Casco Viejo would lose its World Heritage status. On 28 June 2012, UNESCO decided that Casco Viejo will not be put on the List of World Heritage Sites in Danger. According to Professor Rodrigo Miró,
3360-661: The Mexican star Dolores del Río in The Lady of the Camellias but was dismissed by the actress because of his problem with alcohol. His production of A Moon for the Misbegotten , at the Academy Playhouse, Lake Forest, Illinois in 1973, won the Tony award for Best Direction in 1974. In 1988, he directed the revival of Long Day's Journey Into Night with Jason Robards Jr and Colleen Dewhurst . In
3444-469: The Pacific Ocean and tropical rain forest in the northern part of Panama. The Parque Natural Metropolitano (Metropolitan Nature Park), stretching from Panama City along the Panama Canal , has unique bird species and other animals, such as tapir , puma , and caimans . At the Pacific entrance of the canal is the Centro de Exhibiciones Marinas (Marine Exhibitions Center), a research center for those interested in tropical marine life and ecology, managed by
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3528-405: The Panama Canal was of great benefit to the infrastructure and economy. Of particular note are the improvements in health and sanitation brought about by the American presence in the Canal Zone. William Gorgas , the chief sanitary officer for the canal construction, had a particularly large impact. He hypothesized that diseases were spread by the abundance of mosquitos native to the area, and ordered
3612-424: The Rommel Fernández Stadium, with capacities of 27,000 and 32,000 respectively. Additionally, the Roberto Durán Arena has a capacity of 18,000. The city has both public and private schools. Most private schools are bilingual (English and Spanish). Higher education is headed by two major public universities: the University of Panama and the Technological University of Panama . There are private universities, such as
3696-471: The Río Chagres) provide hydroelectricity to the former Canal Zone area. The Río Chepo, another major source of hydroelectric power, is one of the more than 300 rivers emptying into the Pacific. Under the Köppen climate classification , Panama City has a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen Aw ), a little drier than a tropical monsoon climate . It sees 1,900 mm (74.8 in) of precipitation annually. The wet season spans from May through December, and
3780-436: The Río Chepo and the Río Chagres, both within the boundaries of the city, work as sources of hydroelectric power. The Río Chagres is one of the longest and most vital of the approximately 150 rivers that flow into the Caribbean. Part of this river was dammed to create Gatun Lake, which forms a major part of the transit route between the locks near each end of the canal. Both Gatun Lake and Madden Lake (also filled with water from
3864-418: The Second World War. The family moved to New York, where four years later, her father died after a lengthy hospitalization from head injuries due to being struck by an airplane propeller, his death affecting her greatly. Her mother worked as a bookseller, while raising two daughters. They eventually moved to Norway, settling in Trondheim . Ullmann began her acting career as a stage actress in Norway during
3948-407: The Spanish encountered coconuts from the Philippines which the Malayo-Polynesians brought before Spanish colonization. In 1520, Genoese merchants controlled the port and the commerce of the region, mainly for the slave trade, thanks to a concession given by the Spaniards, who had the Republic of Genoa as its main banking base. In 1671 Henry Morgan with a band of 1,400 men attacked and looted
4032-537: The Swedish movie Zorn (1994). In 2004, Ullmann revealed that she had received an offer in November 2003 to play in three episodes of the American television series, Sex and the City . She was amused by the offer, and said that it was one of the few programs she regularly watched, but she turned it down. Later that year, Steven Soderbergh wrote a role in the movie Ocean's 12 especially for her, but she also turned that down. During 2006, Ullmann announced that she had been forced to end her longtime wish of making
4116-662: The Trump name. Meanwhile, it is a JW Marriott property. Hilton Worldwide opened a Hilton Garden Inn in El Cangrejo, and in 2013, The Panamera, the second Waldorf Astoria Hotel in Latin America. Land reclamation projects have created additional new land for highways, housing, and parkland developments, Cinta Costera . The city proper has approximately 1,086,990 inhabitants in 26 boroughs. The inhabitants of Panama City are commonly referred to as capitalinos and include large numbers of mestizos (70%), Amerindian and mixed people (West Indian) (14%), white people (10%), Amerindians (6%), as well as Afro-Panamanians . There
4200-525: The best actress prize three times from the National Society of Film Critics , three times from the National Board of Review , received three awards from the New York Film Critics Circle , and a Golden Globe . During 1971, Ullmann was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for the movie The Emigrants , and again during 1976 for the movie Face to Face . Ullmann made her New York City stage debut in 1975 also in A Doll's House . Appearances in Anna Christie and Ghosts followed, as well as
4284-437: The canal, a one-time $ 10 million payment to Panama, and an annual annuity of $ 250,000. The United States also agreed to guarantee the independence of Panama. Completed in 1914, the Panama Canal symbolized U.S. technological prowess and economic power. Although U.S. control of the canal eventually became an irritant to U.S.-Panamanian relations, at the time it was heralded as a major foreign policy achievement. The construction of
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#17330938381964368-593: The career of Jason Robards . Later that year, Quintero's production of the New York premiere of Long Day's Journey into Night established his reputation as the quintessential director of O'Neill's dramas and won Tony Awards for Best Play and Best Actor ( Fredric March ). In 1963, he directed Strange Interlude , with a cast which included Geraldine Page , Jane Fonda , Franchot Tone , Ben Gazzara , Pat Hingle and Betty Field . In 1967, he directed Ingrid Bergman in More Stately Mansions in Los Angeles and New York. In 1968, Quintero traveled to México to direct
4452-400: The city , which was subsequently destroyed by fire. The ruins of the old city still remain and are a popular tourist attraction known as Panamá Viejo (Old Panama). The city was rebuilt in 1673 in a new location approximately 5 miles (8 km) southwest of the original city. This location is now known as the Casco Viejo (Old Quarter) of the city. Panama City is the fourth earliest-founded of
4536-406: The city, along with those previously operating under Marriott , Sheraton , InterContinental , and other foreign and local brands. The Trump Organization built the Trump Ocean Club, its first investment in Latin America, in 2006 and it is the tallest building in the city. In 2018 it was renamed The Bahia Grand Panama following falling occupancy rates associated with the declining brand value of
4620-491: The city, same sex marriage is not recognized by the government but there are laws in place to prevent discrimination against the LGBT community. Throughout the 20th century, Panama City has excelled in boxing, baseball, basketball, and soccer. These sports have produced famous athletes such as Roberto Durán , Rommel Fernández , Rolando Blackman , Julio Dely Valdés , Mariano Rivera , and Rod Carew . Today, these sports have clubs and associations that manage their development in
4704-418: The city. Bus service is one of the most widely used forms of transportation in Panama. The terminal receives thousands of passengers daily from locations like David, Chiriqui, and the central provinces of Herrera and Los Santos. The terminal also receives international passengers from Central America via the Pan-American Highway . Panama City offers transportation services through yellow taxis. Taxis do not use
4788-404: The city. Panama Metro is the city's baseball team. There are boxing training centers in different gyms throughout the city's neighborhoods. There are also many football clubs, such as: The city has four professional teams in the country's second-level league, Liga Nacional de Ascenso : There are two main stadiums in Panama City, the National Baseball Stadium (also known as Rod Carew Stadium) and
4872-402: The city. Panamanians had limited access, or no access at all, to many areas in the Canal Zone neighboring the Panama city metropolitan area. Some of these areas were military bases accessible only to United States personnel. Some tensions arose between the people of Panama and the U.S. citizens living in the Panama Canal Zone. This erupted in the 9 January 1964 events, known as Martyrs' Day . In
4956-469: The construction of the Panama Canal . The more modern areas of the city have many high-rise buildings, which together form a very dense skyline . There are more than 110 high-rise projects under construction, with 127 already built. The city holds the 45th place in the world by high-rise buildings count. The Centennial Bridge that crosses the Panama Canal earned the American Segmental Bridge Institute prize of excellence, along with seven other bridges in
5040-422: The course of his career Quintero directed O'Neill plays nineteen times. Quintero did not limit himself to the works of O'Neill. He directed over seventy productions by a great number of writers, including Truman Capote , Jean Cocteau , Thornton Wilder , Jean Genet and Brendan Behan . He also directed plays by Tennessee Williams , including the 1952 production of Summer and Smoke which made Geraldine Page
5124-477: The destruction of Panama Viejo by the privateer Henry Morgan , the historic district of Panama City (known as Casco Viejo, Casco Antiguo or San Felipe) was conceived as a walled city to protect its settlers against future pirate attacks. It was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2003. Casco Antiguo displays a mix of architectural styles that reflect the country's cultural diversity: Caribbean, Republican, art deco, French, and colonial architecture mix in
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#17330938381965208-437: The few items saved from Panama Viejo during the 1671 pirate siege. It was buried in mud during the siege and then secretly transported to its present location. Undergoing redevelopment and gentrification , the old quarter has become one of the city's main tourist attractions, second only to the Panama Canal. Both government and private sectors are working on its restoration. President Ricardo Martinelli built an extension to
5292-1056: The first story about Panama was written by Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés and published as part of the Historia General y Natural de Las Indias in 1535. Some authors born in Panamá city are Manuel María Ayala (1785–1824), Amelia Denis de Icaza (1836–1911), Darío Herrera (1870–1914), Ricardo Miró (1883–1940), Gaspar Octavio Hernández (1893–1918), Demetrio Korsi (1899–1957), Ricardo Bermúdez (1914–2000), Joaquín Beleño (1921–88), Ernesto Endara (1932–), Diana Morán (1932–87), Rosa María Britton (1936-2019), José Córdova (1937–), Pedro Rivera (1939–), Moravia Ochoa López (1941–), Roberto Fernández Iglesias (1941–), Juan David Morgan (1942 –), Jarl Ricardo Babot (1946–), Giovanna Benedetti (1949–), Édgar Soberón Torchia (1951-), Manuel Orestes Nieto (1951–), Moisés Pascual (1955–), Nyra Soberón Torchia (1955-), Héctor Miguel Collado (1960–), David Robinson Orobio (1960–), Katia Chiari (1969–), Carlos Oriel Wynter Melo (1971–), José Luis Rodríguez Pittí (1971–), Arturo Wong Sagel (1980–) and Sofía Santim (1982–). One of
5376-440: The following: In addition to these tourist attractions, Panama City offers many different options when it comes to hotel accommodations, including the first Waldorf Astoria hotel to open in Latin America, and many small boutique style hotels that have smaller numbers of guest rooms and offer a more intimate vacation. Nightlife in the city is centered around the Calle Uruguay and Casco Viejo neighborhoods. These neighborhoods contain
5460-505: The fumigation of homes and the cleansing of water. This led to yellow fever being eradicated by November 1905, as well malaria rates falling dramatically. However, most of the laborers for the construction of the canal were brought in from the Caribbean, which created unprecedented racial and social tensions in the city. During World War II, construction of military bases and the presence of larger numbers of U.S. military and civilian personnel brought about unprecedented levels of prosperity to
5544-400: The gold and silver that Spain mined from the Americas. On 28 January 1671, the original city was destroyed by a fire when the privateer Henry Morgan sacked and set fire to it. The city was formally reestablished two years later on 21 January 1673, on a peninsula located 8 km (5 miles) from the original settlement. The site of the previously devastated city is still in ruins, and is now
5628-493: The jury at the 34th Berlin International Film Festival , and during 2001 chaired the jury of the Cannes Film Festival. She introduced her daughter, Linn Ullmann , to the audience with the words: "Here comes the woman whom Ingmar Bergman loves the most". Her daughter was there to receive the Prize of Honour on behalf of her father; she would return to serve the jury herself during 2011. She published two autobiographies, Changing (1977) and Choices (1984). Ullmann's first film as
5712-541: The last of which her co-actress Ingrid Bergman resumed her own Swedish cinema career. She co-acted often with Swedish actor and fellow Bergman collaborator Erland Josephson , with whom she made the Swedish television drama Scenes from a Marriage (1973), which was also edited to feature-movie length and distributed theatrically. Ullmann acted with Laurence Olivier in A Bridge Too Far (1977), directed by Richard Attenborough . Nominated more than 40 times for awards, including various lifetime achievement awards, she won
5796-411: The late 1970s through the 1980s the city of Panama became an international banking center, bringing a lot of undesirable attention as an international money-laundering locale. In 1989 after nearly a year of tension between the United States and Panama, President George H. W. Bush ordered the invasion of Panama to depose General Manuel Noriega , the country's de facto dictator. As a result, a portion of
5880-476: The less than successful musical version of I Remember Mama . This show, composed by Richard Rodgers , experienced numerous revisions during a long preview period, then closed after 108 performances. She also featured in the widely deprecated musical movie remake of Lost Horizon during 1973. In 1977, when she appeared on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre in Eugene O'Neill 's Anna Christie , The New York Times said that she "glowed with despair and hope, and
5964-432: The mid-1950s. She continued to act in theatre for most of her career and became noted for her portrayal of Nora in Henrik Ibsen 's play A Doll's House . She became better known once she started to work with Swedish movie director Ingmar Bergman . She later acted, with acclaim, in 10 of his movies, including Persona (1966), The Passion of Anna (1969), Cries and Whispers (1972), and Autumn Sonata (1978), in
6048-578: The modern-day capital cities in the Americas. One year before the start of the California Gold Rush , the Panama Railroad Company was formed, but the railroad did not begin full operation until 1855. Between 1848 and 1869, the year the first transcontinental railroad was completed in the United States, about 375,000 people crossed the isthmus from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and 225,000 in
6132-428: The most important Panamanian artists is Alfredo Sinclair . He has worked for over 50 years in abstract art and has produced one of the most important artistic collections in the country. His daughter, Olga Sinclair , has also followed in his footsteps and has become another force in Panamanian art. Another very prominent Panamanian artist is Guillermo Trujillo, known worldwide for his abstract surrealism . Brooke Alfaro
6216-519: The number of annual visitors increased from 457,000 in 1999 to 1.4 million in 2011. The city's hotel occupancy rate has always been relatively high, reaching the second highest for any city outside the United States in 2008, after Perth, Australia , and followed by Dubai . However, hotel occupancy rates have dropped since 2009, probably due to the opening of many new luxury hotels. Several international hotel chains, such as Le Méridien , Radisson , and RIU , have opened or plan to open new hotels in
6300-400: The ongoing expansion of the Panama Canal, an increase in real estate investment, and a relatively stable banking sector. There are around eighty banks in the city, at least fifteen of which are local. Panama City is responsible for the production of approximately 55% of the country's GDP. This is because most Panamanian businesses and premises are located in the city and its metro area. It is
6384-471: The opposite direction. This traffic greatly increased the prosperity of the city during that period. After declaring independence from Colombia on November 3, 1903, Philippe Bunau-Varilla (a French engineer) was named Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. Bunau-Varilla negotiated the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty of 1903, which provided the United States with a 10-mile-wide strip of land for
6468-799: The public at Culebra Point on the island of Naos. A new museum, the Biomuseo , was recently completed on the causeway in 2014. It was designed by the American architect Frank Gehry , famous for the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao and the Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles. Just outside the city limits is the Parque Municipal Summit . A new convention center called the Amador Convention Center is being built in Amador by CSCEC in
6552-588: The removal of his larynx which ultimately led to his 1999 death at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in Manhattan. He remained active until nearly the end of his life. The José Quintero Theatre on West 42nd Street in Manhattan was named in his honor. Quintero is also a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame . He was inducted in 1979. The Jose Quintero Lab Theatre, a 200 black box theatre used by University of Houston School of Theatre and Dance,
6636-498: The two had a relationship that lasted from 1965 to 1970. Writer Linn Ullmann (b. 1966) is their daughter. In 1985, Ullman married Boston real estate developer Donald Saunders, and they remained together after their 1995 divorce. She is a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador , and has traveled widely for the organization. She is also co-founder and honorary chair of the Women's Refugee Commission . In 2005, King Harald V of Norway made Ullmann
6720-402: The violence. The role subsequently went to Angie Dickinson . In 1982, Ingmar Bergman wanted Ullmann to play Emelie Ekdahl in his last feature film, Fanny and Alexander , and wrote the role with this in mind. She declined it, feeling the role was too sad. She later stated in interviews that turning it down was one of the few things she really regretted. During 1984, she was chairperson of
6804-473: Was Chinese territory. Varela in response said that Amador is an area that "must have more value". The United States State Department notes the presence of crimes in the city, some of which include violent acts such as shootings, rape, armed robbery, and intentional kidnapping. The United States State Department also warns tourists about the purchasing of counterfeited or pirated goods, as they may be in violation of local Panamanian laws. In terms of LGBT rights in
6888-466: Was everything one could have wished her to have been" in a performance "not to be missed and never to be forgotten", with her "grace and authority" that was "perhaps more than Garbo...born for Anna Christie:--Or more properly, Anna Christie was born for her." In 1980, Brian De Palma , who directed Carrie , wanted Liv Ullmann to play the role of Kate Miller in the erotic crime thriller Dressed to Kill and offered it to her, but she declined because of
6972-676: Was performed September through October 2009, and then continued from 29 October to 21 November 2009 at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C., where it won a Helen Hayes Award for Outstanding Non-resident Production as well as actress and supporting performer for 2009. The play was also performed at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in Brooklyn , New York. Ullmann narrated
7056-580: Was working in Tokyo at the time, and Janna Erbe ( née Lund; 1910–1996). Her grandfather was sent to the Dachau concentration camp during World War II for helping Jews escape from the town where he lived in Norway ; he died in this camp. When she was two years old, the family moved to Toronto , Ontario , Canada , where her father worked at the Norwegian air force base on Toronto Island (in Lake Ontario) during
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