79-619: Joseph Grimaldi Park is a public garden located off Pentonville Road in Islington , north London. The former burial grounds for St James's Anglican Chapel (formerly known as the Burial Ground of St James's) are located within the park, which is named after the pantomime clown Joseph Grimaldi , who is buried here. Following refurbishment in 2010, the park now includes a musical artwork dedicated to Grimaldi and his employer at Sadler's Wells , Charles Dibdin . The former burial ground dates to
158-433: A consultation on the scheme, viewed reducing traffic congestion in central London as 'important'. In July 2002, Westminster City Council launched a legal challenge against the plans, arguing that they would increase pollution and were a breach of human rights of residents on the boundary of the zone. The High Court rejected the claim. The London Ambulance Service (LAS) anticipated increased volumes of traffic around
237-465: A 10% reduction in traffic volumes from baseline conditions, and an overall reduction of 11% in vehicle kilometres in London between 2000 and 2012, though these changes cannot be causally attributed to the congestion charge. Despite these gains, traffic speeds have also been getting progressively slower over the past decade, particularly in central London. TfL explains that the historic decline in traffic speeds
316-504: A 100% congestion charge discount. A plug-in electric drive vehicle qualifies if the vehicle is registered with the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) and has a fuel type of "electric", or alternatively, if the vehicle is a "plug-in hybrid" and is on the government's list of PHEVs eligible for the OLEV grant. As of February 2016 , approved PHEVs include all extended-range vehicles such as
395-573: A congestion charge scheme, the Road Traffic Reduction Act 1997 required local authorities to study and reduce traffic volumes and any future London mayors were given the power to introduce "Road user charging" by the Greater London Authority Act 1999 . In his manifesto for the 2000 London Mayoral election , Ken Livingstone had proposed to introduce a £5 charge for vehicles entering central London. Following his victory,
474-510: A house at No. 166 Pentonville Road. In 1807, the year after his death, the house became the London Female Penitentiary, housing " fallen women " and rehabilitating them into society. It was extended between 1811 and 1812, roughly tripling its capacity, and moved to Stoke Newington in 1884. The Thomas S. Jones organ builders were based at No. 25 Pentonville Road between 1860 and 1935. The Dunn & Hewett cocoa factory
553-547: A method of "car user restraint" by a variable system of charging for road usage – if the government had the will to do so. During the early years of the Greater London Council , which was formed in 1965, the first plans were drawn up for a system of cordon charging or supplementary licensing for use in the central area. A formal study was undertaken into the merits of the scheme, and in 1973 concluded that it would improve traffic and environmental conditions in
632-518: A pleasant suburb, the arrival of railways in the 1840s turned the road into an industrial urban street, with factories and workshops aligning the road. The original bylaw restricting property on the front of the road was ignored and shops were built on top of gardens. By the 21st century, most of the manufacturing base along Pentonville Road had disappeared. The original townhouses are now apartments. Alexander Cumming, former clockmaker and organ builder to Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll , built
711-597: A proposal to end the Greener Vehicle Discount that benefited mainly vehicles with small diesel engines, that avoid the charge because their engines produce emissions of less than 100 g/km of CO 2 . The proposal was approved by Mayor Boris Johnson in April 2013 and the Ultra Low Emission Discount (ULED) went into effect on 1 July 2013. The ULED introduced more stringent emission standards that limit
790-524: A public gallery funded by the Arts Council England . It contains a number of exhibition rooms that are available for use. The block of properties at No. 295–297 Pentonville Road, at its junction with Gray's Inn Road, is known as the "Lighthouse Block" owing to the lead clad tower at the top of the building. The site avoided being compulsory purchased and demolished (in order to provide improvements to King's Cross station's eastern entrance) and
869-414: A significant proportion (42–48%) of total revenues. The 2008 annual report on the operation of the scheme shows that around 26% of penalties go unpaid, because the notice is cancelled on appeal or the amount cannot be recovered, for example if the registered keeper of the vehicle cannot be traced, has died, or is bankrupt. Several newspapers have reported about the use of copied number plates to avoid
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#1733064091747948-581: A total of 99 out of 128 embassies had agreed to the charge. Among others, decliners include Germany , Japan , Russia and the United States , who, by 2015, collectively owed £95 million. The United States and Germany are reported to consider it to be a local tax, from which they are protected by the Vienna Convention , rather than a toll. In May 2011, Johnson raised the issue with the President of
1027-424: A week (as opposed to the previous 7:00 am to 6:00 pm on weekdays), and the daily charge will rise from £11.50 to £15 per day for a period of one year. As of 27 July 2020 , the following penalty charges apply: The standard fee is £15 per day if paid in advance, by midnight on the day of travel, or if registered with Fleet Auto Pay or CC Autopay, an automated payment system which records
1106-572: Is a fee charged on most cars and motor vehicles being driven within the Congestion Charge Zone (CCZ) in Central London between 7:00 am and 6:00 pm Monday to Friday, and between 12:00 noon and 6:00 pm Saturday and Sunday. Inspired by Singapore 's Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system after London officials had travelled to the country, the charge was first introduced on 17 February 2003. The London charge zone
1185-699: Is a music venue at Nos. 96-98. It has played host to local bands, and as a warm-up venue for more established acts. The Scala at No. 275–277 Pentonville Road opened as the King's Cross Cinema in 1920 with a capacity of 1,300. Construction had begun just before World War I and was halted because of it. It was damaged by bombs during World War II , and while it remained open during wartime, it eventually had to be shut between 1949 and 1952 for renovations and repair. It closed in 1970, and re-opened as an independent cinema, which showed old 16mm films including King Kong . The Stooges played their only gig in London at
1264-632: Is a road in Central London that runs west to east from Kings Cross to City Road at The Angel, Islington . The road is part of the London Inner Ring Road and part of the boundary of the London congestion charge zone. The road was originally built in the mid-18th century as part of the New Road , a bypass of Central London for coach traffic. It was named Pentonville Road after the new town of Pentonville , that encouraged manufacturing to move out of
1343-476: Is marked on John Ogilby 's map of London in 1675. It was moved around 1780 to Penton Street and renamed the Belvedere Tavern. The current building dates from 1876. The road was designed as part of Pentonville , a new suburb away from the city and became a local hub for manufacturing in the area. There was some debate over the final route of the road; the original plan to run straight through fields owned by
1422-418: Is most likely due to interventions that have reduced the effective capacity of the road network in order to improve the urban environment, increase road safety and prioritise public transport, pedestrian and cycle traffic, as well as an increase in road works by utilities and general development activity since 2006. TfL concluded in 2006 that, while levels of congestion in central London are close to levels before
1501-567: Is now Grade II listed. The Vernon Square school opened on Pentonville Road in 1913, expanding to cover secondary school students in 1949. It was renamed the Sir Philip Magnus School in 1952 and closed in the 1970s. It became part of Kingsway College before being purchased by the School of Oriental and African Studies in 2001. The SOAS has several other halls of residence along Pentonville Road, including Dinwiddy House. The Lexington
1580-1069: Is now partly occupied by a branch of The Co-operative Bank . The poet John Betjeman 's parents ran a cabinet makers at No. 34–42 Pentonville Road. It was established since 1859 and produced the Tantalus drinks cabinet in 1881. Pentonville Road is one of the locations on the London version of the Monopoly board game . It is one of the light blue squares alongside The Angel, Islington and Euston Road , both of which it connects to. The magazine Mixmag ' s main offices are at Nos. 90–92 Pentonville Road. Citations Sources 51°31′52″N 0°7′2″W / 51.53111°N 0.11722°W / 51.53111; -0.11722 London congestion charge Sadiq Khan ( L ) Statutory Deputy Mayor Joanne McCartney ( L/Co ) London Assembly Lord Mayor Peter Estlin London boroughs ( list ) Vacant The London congestion charge
1659-634: Is one of the largest congestion charge zones in the world, despite the removal of the Western Extension which operated between February 2007 and January 2011. The charge not only helps to reduce high traffic flow in the city streets, but also reduces air and noise pollution in the central London area and raises investment funds for London's transport system. The standard charge is £15, Monday–Friday from 7:00 am to 6:00 pm, and 12:00 noon to 6:00 pm on Saturday and Sunday (and Bank Holidays), for each non-exempt vehicle driven within
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#17330640917471738-609: The BMW i3 REx , and plug-in hybrids such as the Audi A3 Sportback e-tron , BMW i8 , Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV (passenger and van variants), Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid , and Volkswagen Golf GTE . Taxis and private hire vehicles (PHVs) were exempt from the charge but the PHV exemption ended in April 2019, except for PHVs which are wheelchair accessible vehicles. In November 2012, TfL presented
1817-476: The Bow Group stated that historically, London congestion is at its worst during the morning rush hour, and that the early days of congestion charging had little impact on that critical time, the main effect occurring after 11:00 am. Just over 100,000 motorists paid the charge personally, 15–20,000 were fleet vehicles paying under fleet arrangements, and it was believed around 10,000 liable motorists did not pay
1896-767: The Euro 5 standards for air quality. On 8 April 2019, the Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) was introduced, which applies 24/7 to vehicles which do not meet the emissions standards: Euro 4 standards for petrol vehicles, and Euro 6 or VI for diesel and large vehicles. In October 2021, the ULEZ was expanded to cover the Inner London area within the North and South Circular Roads , and in August 2023 to all of Greater London . The ULEZ replaced
1975-577: The Flying Squad . All were subsequently arrested and sent to prison. The current owners, Geronimo Inns, wish to distance themselves from the burglary and forbid staff to discuss it with customers. The original Angel, Islington , sits at the far east end of Pentonville Road, at its junction with Islington High Street. It was named after the Angel of the Annunciation that appeared on its sign. The inn pre-dated
2054-509: The London Borough of Camden , including the King's Cross Thameslink railway station and the "Lighthouse" Block. London Underground and National Rail stations in the vicinity include Kings Cross and Angel Underground station . There has been a bus service on Pentonville Road since 1829. Regular bus routes running along the road are 30, 73 and 146. What is now Pentonville Road was built as
2133-518: The Skinners Company and the New River Company was rejected in favour of the route further north via Battle Bridge. As it was always intended to be a main road, a coach service began in 1798 between Paddington and Bank but was quickly withdrawn. The road was turnpiked in 1830 and renamed Pentonville Road after landowner Henry Penton in 1857. Until 1882, the upkeep of the road was paid by
2212-687: The West End , which is London's primary commercial and entertainment centre. Although primarily a commercial area, there are also 136,000 residents, out of a total Greater London population of almost 9,000,000. There is little heavy industry within the zone. Starting at the northernmost point and moving clockwise, the major roads defining the boundary are Pentonville Road , City Road , Old Street , Commercial Street , Mansell Street , Tower Bridge Road , New Kent Road , Elephant and Castle , Kennington Lane , Vauxhall Bridge Road , Park Lane , Edgware Road , Marylebone Road and Euston Road (other roads fill
2291-469: The 18th century. A proprietary chapel on the Pentonville Estate was built in 1787 and four years later became St James's, a chapel of ease for Clerkenwell parish church. St James's was given its own parish in 1854. By the late 19th century the grounds had been converted to a public garden and were later extended. By the 20th century the church building had become redundant and was demolished in
2370-401: The 1980s to make way for an office building – originally known as Joseph Grimaldi House and now renamed. The park extends to 0.5 hectares (1 acre) and includes a tarmac ball court, children's playground and shrub beds. Notable trees include specimens of lime , London plane and horse-chestnut . Joseph Grimaldi's grave is enclosed within railings and stands in the south-east corner, close to
2449-412: The Greener Vehicle Discount by June 2013 were granted a three-year sunset period before they have to pay the full congestion charge. Other changes were the removal of the option to pay the charge in shops, and the penalty charge was increased to £10. The sunset period ended on 24 June 2016. In December 2018, a further tightening of the standards was announced, in part to bring standards beyond that of
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2528-500: The Information Technology infrastructure. Due to the wide spread of sub-contractors around the world and due to varying data protection regulations in different countries, the scheme had prompted concerns about privacy. On the first day 190,000 vehicles moved into or within the zone during charging hours, a decrease of around 25% on normal traffic levels, partly due to it also being the half-term school holiday. A report from
2607-517: The Mayor made a draft order and requested a report from TfL, which summarised the reasons for introducing the scheme. The scheme was to be introduced to reduce congestion in the centre of the capital following the Draft Transport Strategy of January 2001 which had highlighted the importance that the Mayor placed on tackling this issue. The charge was to be part of a series of measures to improve
2686-474: The T-Charge. It initially covered the same area as the T-Charge and the Congestion Charge Zone but applies 24/7, every day of the year (except Christmas Day), with charges of £12.50 a day for cars, vans and motorcycles, and £100 a day for lorries, buses and coaches. The ULEZ caused a 20% reduction in emissions and resulted in a drop of non compliant vehicles entering the zone each day from 35,578 to 23,054. The zone
2765-475: The T-charge (toxicity charge) which applied to vehicles below Euro 4 standard. Since 2021 the congestion charge exemption has applied only to pure electric vehicles and from 2025 there will be no discounts for electric vehicles. Enforcement is primarily based on automatic number-plate recognition (ANPR). Transport for London (TfL) is responsible for the charge which has been operated by IBM since 2009. During
2844-506: The Toxicity Charge or T-Charge, was introduced on 23 October 2017. It operated for the same hours as the congestion charge (7:00 am to 6:00 pm on weekdays). Older cars and vans that did not meet Euro 4 standards had to pay an extra £10 charge on top of the congestion charge to drive in central London, within the Congestion Charge Zone (CCZ). The charge typically applied to diesel and petrol vehicles registered before 2006, and
2923-440: The ULEZ. This means that since April 2019 only vehicles which are Euro 6, emit up to 75 g/km of CO 2 and have a minimum 20 mile zero emission range have qualified for the discount. A further phase from October 2021 will mean that only zero-emission vehicles ( pure electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles ) can qualify, and the discount will be phased out completely from December 2025. An emissions surcharge, known as
3002-561: The United States, Barack Obama , who was fined £120 after driving through London in the Presidential state car without paying the toll during a state visit to Buckingham Palace . The United States subsequently claimed diplomatic immunity . A TfL spokesperson noted that US embassies do pay tolls in Oslo and Singapore. In 2024 Transport for London estimated that, by the end of 2023, £143 million
3081-564: The West Cross Route (A3320), but the Westway itself was not part of the zone. In January 2013, Transport for London opened a public consultation to increase the standard charge by 15% by mid 2014, from £10 per day to £11.50, if paid in advance or on the day. The increase was expected to generate an estimated £84 million of additional revenue by the end of 2017/18. The consultation process ran from January 2014 to March 2014. According to TfL,
3160-605: The building was refurbished and given a Classical facade, but reducing the capacity of the inside gallery. Attendance declined and the chapel was sold to the London Congregational Union, before closing in 1899. It re-opened in 1902 as Claremont Hall, a mission institute. It was let for commercial purposes in the 1960s, and sub-let to the Crafts Council in 1991. The building is now the Crafts Council Gallery,
3239-539: The centre. These plans were being developed at the same time as the London Ringways , a series of four orbital motorways around and within London including Ringway 1 (the London Motorway Box) leading to widespread public protest by Homes before Roads and others. Only a small section of these road schemes had been implemented by the time Labour gained control in the 1973 Greater London Council elections , and
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3318-535: The charge had cut the number of non-compliant vehicles by around 1,000 per day, with the remaining 2,000 paying the £10 charge (a further 3,000 vehicles are eligible for discounts due to Blue Badges etc.). The T-Charge was replaced by the Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) on 8 April 2019. For the ULEZ sunset period the T-Charge was still levied for uncompliant vehicles on holders of the residents' discount. The ULEZ went into effect in April 2019 and replaced
3397-643: The charge, both in terms of lost sales due to reduced traffic and increased delivery costs, as recognised by the London Chamber of Commerce. In August 2003, the John Lewis Partnership , a large department store, announced that in the first six months of the charge's operation, sales at their Oxford Street store fell by 7.3% whilst sales at other stores in the Greater London area but outside the Congestion Charge Zone rose by 1.7%. To partly compensate for
3476-399: The city and into suburbia. Numerous factories and commercial premises became established on the road in the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly after the arrival of London railways in the 1840s. As industrial manufacturing fell out of favour in London in the late 20th century, many properties are now residential or student accommodation. Current premises include the Crafts Council Gallery on
3555-459: The congestion charge was implemented, its effectiveness in reducing traffic volumes means that conditions would be worse without the congestion charging scheme, though later studies emphasise that causality has not been established. The current congestion charge zone covers the area within the London Inner Ring Road which includes both the City of London , which is the main financial district, and also
3634-404: The congestion charge, resulting in vehicle owners receiving penalty notices for failure to pay when their vehicles have not been inside the zone. Numbers known to be copied are stored in a database and trigger alerts, including police vehicle ANPR camera alerts, when observed in use. Following pressure from the Mayor of London, an increasing number of embassies accepted the charge and by 2008
3713-440: The construction of Pentonville Road, and had become one of the largest coaching inns in the local area by the 18th century. The site was cut in two by the construction of the road, with the inn remaining on the north side. A new building was constructed in 1899, later becoming a Lyons Corner House. It closed in 1959, and was threatened with demolition as a plan to improve junction improvements around Pentonville Road, but survived and
3792-416: The due charge. Initial suggestions that school holidays were responsible for part of the traffic drop during the first week of operation of the charge were confirmed when traffic rose again by 5% following the return to school at the beginning of the second week of the charge. Reports indicated that, over the first month or so of operation, traffic was consistently down at least 15% on pre-charge levels, with
3871-402: The edge of the zone and an increase in demand within the zone, that might both adversely affect clinical outcomes. Before the charge's introduction, there were fears of a very chaotic few days as people got used to the new situation. Indeed, Ken Livingstone , then Mayor of London and key proponent of the charge, himself predicted a "difficult few days" and a "bloody day". On introduction,
3950-420: The entrance into Rodney Street. Other notable burials on the site include Henry Penton , responsible for many early developments in the area, including the church building that once stood on the site. Some remaining headstones are stacked by the northern boundary. A tree and plaque remembering the former deputy mayor of Islington Paul Matthews, who championed the restoration of Grimaldi's grave, are also sited in
4029-470: The final section of the New Road in 1756, connecting the City of London to the western suburbs, so that coach traffic could avoid Central London. At the time, the route now covered by Pentonville Road was mostly fields, with Battle Bridge occupying the space where King's Cross now is. It included a tavern known as Busby's Folly , a meeting place of a drinking group known as the Society of Bull Feathers. It
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#17330640917474108-420: The first ten years since the introduction of the scheme, gross revenue reached about £2.6 billion up to the end of December 2013. From 2003 to 2013, about £1.2 billion has been invested in public transport, road and bridge improvement and walking and cycling schemes. Of these, a total of £960 million was invested on improvements to the bus network. The congestion charging scheme possibly facilitated
4187-414: The foreseeable future where we would want to change the charge, although perhaps ten years down the line it may be necessary" referring to the amount that drivers have to pay, indicating that £5 was sufficient to bring about the reduction in traffic that he had hoped for. The London Assembly Budget Committee 2003 report on the company criticised the contract with Capita as not providing value for money. It
4266-490: The free access to the congestion charge zone to all-electric cars, some plug-in hybrids, and any car or van that emits 75 g/km or less of CO 2 and meets the Euro 5 emission standards for air quality. As of July 2013 , there are no internal combustion -only vehicles that meet these criteria. The measure was designed to curb the growing number of diesel vehicles on London's roads. About 20,000 owners of vehicles registered for
4345-402: The introduction of the charge, there were a number of suggestions for its future. Soon after charging commenced, Livingstone announced that he would carry out a formal review of the charge's success or failure six months after its introduction – brought forward from one year, following the smooth start. On 25 February 2003 Livingstone stated, "I can't conceive of any circumstances in
4424-571: The levy affected up to 10,000 vehicles. The public consultation on the T-Charge proposals began in July 2016. London Mayor Sadiq Khan announced the introduction of the scheme on 17 February 2017 after London achieved record air pollution levels in January 2017, and the city was put on a high pollution alert for the first time ever, as cold and stationary weather failed to clear toxic pollutants emitted mainly by diesel vehicles. In December 2017, TfL said that
4503-471: The local parish, paying a ground rent to Penton's estate for the disused toll house at No. 274. The street is distinguished by the "set back" housing lines originally intended to provide an atmosphere of spaciousness along the thoroughfare. The original 1756 act to create the New Road prohibited the construction of any building within 50 feet (15 m) of its side. Though the area had been designed to be
4582-417: The loss of revenue they extended opening hours and introduced regular Sunday opening for the first time. However London First's own report indicated that business was broadly supportive. Subsequently, another report stated that there had been a reduction in some employment in the charging zone. TfL criticised the reports as unrepresentative and that its own statistics reported no effect on business. After
4661-488: The new administration abandoned the road building plans in favour of public transport and traffic management . The new administration, to which Ken Livingstone had just been elected for the first time, studied a congestion scheme similar to the one which was eventually adopted the following year. In 1995, the London Congestion Research Programme concluded that the city's economy would benefit from
4740-699: The number of charging days a vehicle travels within the charging zone each month and bills the customer debit or credit card each month, or £17.50 if paid by midnight the third day after travel. Failure to pay after the third day after travel results in the issuance of a Penalty Charge Notice for £160, reduced to £80 if paid within 14 days, but increased to £240 if unpaid after 28 days. Refunds are available to people who pay monthly or annually in advance whose plans change; reimbursements are available to NHS patients assessed to be too ill to travel by public transport, NHS staff using vehicles on official business, and care home employees. Residents living within or very close to
4819-510: The objective of the increase was to recoup inflation over the past three years and ensure the charge remains an effective deterrent to making unnecessary journeys in central London. On 15 May 2020, the Congestion Charge was re-implemented following a period of suspension during the COVID-19 pandemic . From 22 June 2020, it will temporarily run from 7:00 am to 10:00 pm seven days
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#17330640917474898-520: The park. The park was refurbished in 2010, with landscaping by Latz + Partner , which appointed Henry Krokatsis to create a public artwork in honour of Grimaldi and the English dramatist Charles Dibdin . Twin casket-shaped installations made up of bronze floor tiles are designed to be walked on, playing musical notes. The tiles are tuned so that it's possible to play "Hot Codlins", a song popularised by Grimaldi. Pentonville Road Pentonville Road
4977-402: The road; westbound traffic is diverted south via Swinton Street. The road is on the London Inner Ring Road (A501) and as such forms part of the boundary of the London congestion charge zone. Since 1995, it has been a red route , prohibiting stopping of any kind, including loading and unloading. Most of the road is in the London Borough of Islington but a small part near Kings Cross is in
5056-529: The scheme was the largest ever undertaken by a capital city. The charge was introduced on 17 February 2003 covering the approximate area of the London Inner Ring Road . Starting at the northernmost point and moving clockwise, the major roads defining the boundary were Pentonville Road , City Road , Old Street , Commercial Street , Mansell Street , Tower Bridge Road , New Kent Road , Elephant and Castle , Vauxhall Bridge Road , Park Lane , Edgware Road , Marylebone Road and Euston Road (other roads filled
5135-488: The second week seeing the reduction drop to 20%. The AA Motoring Trust suggested that changes to the timing of traffic lights and the end of major road works had also impacted congestion. The effect of the congestion charge zone on local businesses is a contested issue. The TfL estimates that the effect on business has been overall neutral. However the effect on business differs significantly between stores. Some shops and businesses are reported to be heavily affected by
5214-459: The site of a former chapel, the Scala nightclub in a former cinema, and The Castle, a public house. The road is 0.7 miles (1.1 km) long and runs east from King's Cross station as a continuation of Euston Road . It ends at the Angel, Islington , at a junction with Islington High Street and Goswell Road; the road ahead becoming City Road . Only eastbound traffic can travel on the full extent of
5293-567: The small gaps between these roads). Signs were erected and symbols painted on the road to help drivers recognise the congestion charge area. The Western Extension, introduced in February 2007 and removed on 4 January 2011, included areas surrounded by the following roads starting from the north-westernmost point: Scrubs Lane, Harrow Road, Westway (part of the A40), Park Lane, Vauxhall Bridge Road, Grosvenor Road, Chelsea Embankment, Earl's Court Road and part of
5372-466: The small gaps between these roads). The zone therefore included the whole of the City of London , the financial district, and the West End , London's primary commercial and entertainment centre. On the launch date of the original zone, an extra 300 buses (out of a total of around 8,000) were introduced. Bus and London Underground managers reported that buses and tubes were a little, if at all, busier than normal. Originally, Capita Group maintained
5451-435: The system under a five-year contract worth around £230m. Having been threatened with the termination of the contract by Ken Livingstone , then Mayor of London , for poor performance, when the zone was subsequently extended, Capita was awarded an extension to the original contract up until February 2009 to cover the expanded zone. Capita employed sub-contractors including India -based Mastek , who were responsible for much of
5530-626: The transport system in London and was to combined with public transport improvements and increased enforcement of parking and traffic regulations. The report stated that the scheme was expected to be the most effective in reducing through traffic, reducing congestion both within and outside the zone, improving the speed of buses and the quality of life in central London. It was stated that improved traffic flows would make London more attractive to business investment. Substantial net revenues were anticipated, which were to be invested in London's transport system. It also states that 90% of those who responded to
5609-570: The venue in June 1972, shortly before recording the album Raw Power with David Bowie ; a shot of Iggy Pop onstage here became the album's front cover. The venue closed in 1992, and is now a nightclub. The Castle is a pub at No. 54 Pentonville Road, at the junction with Baron Street. In 2015, the perpetrators of the Hatton Garden safe deposit burglary met at the pub to discuss the crime shortly after it occurred, but were secretly filmed there by
5688-483: The zone are eligible for a 90% discount which is charged via CC Autopay. The system gives 100% discounts to registered cars which emit 75 g/km or less of carbon dioxide and meet the Euro 5 emission standard , vehicles with nine or more seats, motor-tricycles, two-wheeled motorcycles (and sidecars), mopeds, accredited breakdown companies, and roadside recovery vehicles. All-electric vehicles (BEVs) and eligible plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) qualify for
5767-456: The zone, with a penalty of between £65 and £195 levied for non-payment. The congestion charge does not operate between Christmas Day (25 December) and New Years Day (1 January) inclusive. In July 2013 the Ultra Low Emission Discount (ULED) introduced more stringent emission standards that limit the free access to the congestion charge zone to all-electric cars , some plug-in hybrids , and any vehicle that emits 75 g/km or less of CO 2 and meets
5846-437: Was also suspended on 2 February 2009, in response to an extreme weather event (heavy snowfall) in the London area. Although avoidance has become more sophisticated, compliance with the scheme and terms of payment has improved over the last few years, as is evidenced by the income from penalties dropping by approximately a quarter between 2005 and 2007. However, even after charges were increased, enforcement charges still made up
5925-426: Was established at No. 9 Pentonville Road in 1833 by Daniel Dunn, who went into partnership with Charles Hewett in the 1850s. The business claimed to have invented soluble chocolate and cocoa, and moved to No. 136, expanding to No. 138 in the 1870s. The building was enlarged and partially rebuilt over the 1880s and 90s, and included a staff tea-room at No. 140 by 1907. The factory closed around 1930 and
6004-545: Was extended to the North Circular and South Circular roads in October 2021 and was extended to the whole of Greater London from 29 August 2023. TfL can and does suspend the congestion charge either in a small local area to cope with incidents and if directed to do so by a police officer. The congestion charge was suspended on 7 and 8 July 2005 in response to the terrorist attacks on London Transport . The congestion charge
6083-446: Was named after Claremont House , home of the then-recently deceased Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales . The chapel was built by Thomas Wilson , who acquired the 2-acre site in 1818 for £700, spending an additional £6,000 on building works. It opened in October 1819, though a regular pastor was not appointed until 1822. The building was extended in 1847 to accommodate a Sunday school, while sash windows were installed in 1853. In 1860,
6162-526: Was owed by foreign embassies in London: since the charge was introduced in 2003, the US Embassy owed the most with £14.6 million, followed by Japan at £10 million, India with £8.5 million, and Nigeria with £8.4 million. The government 's Smeed Report of 1964 was the first full assessment of the practicality of road pricing in a British city on the basis of congestion. It recommended
6241-419: Was subsequently sub-let to various businesses. The Ealing Radiator Company was established at Nos. 152–154 Pentonville Road in 1936, manufacturing car radiators . A first floor extension was added in 1952, while Nos. 136–150 were cleared to accommodate a low metal-framed building. These premises have now been sub-let to various businesses. The Claremont Chapel was at No. 44a Pentonville Road. It
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