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27-443: Joseph Cunningham or Joe Cunningham may refer to: Sportspeople [ edit ] Joe Cunningham (baseball) (1931–2021), American baseball first baseman and outfielder Joe Cunningham (Gaelic footballer) (1931–2012), Northern Irish Gaelic footballer Joe Cunningham (tennis) (1867–1951), American tennis player Joe Cunningham (baseball, born 1963), baseball player who played in

54-618: A coach for the Cardinals during the 1982 season. Cunningham acted as the Cardinals' community relations director in the early 1990s. He collaborated closely with schools in the St. Louis area and in devising the "Say No To Drugs" program (which later became the Fredbird & Friends Elementary School Program). In recognition of his work for the franchise, the Cardinals dedicated a new section of Busch Stadium as "Cunningham Corner" in 2015. Cunningham

81-409: A batter can be awarded first base without liability to be put out (e.g., hit by pitch (HBP), catcher's interference ). Though a base on balls, catcher's interference, or a batter hit by a pitched ball all result in the batter (and possibly runners on base) being awarded a base, the term "walk" usually refers only to a base on balls, and not the other methods of reaching base without the bat touching

108-444: A plate appearance. Therefore, a base on balls does not affect a player's batting average , but it can increase his on-base percentage . A hit by pitch is not counted statistically as a walk, though the effect is mostly the same, with the batter receiving a free pass to first base. One exception is that on hit-by-pitch, the ball is dead, and any runners attempting to steal on the play must return to their original base unless forced to

135-419: A run-scoring play (e.g., a home run , sacrifice fly , or RBI base hit ). Teams also commonly use intentional walks to set up a double play or force out situation for the next batter. Jimmie Foxx , Andre Thornton , Jeff Bagwell and Bryce Harper have each been walked six times during a major league regular season game. Among pitchers, Tommy Byrne and Bruno Haas both gave up 16 bases on balls in

162-476: Is signaled to the home plate umpire by the defensive team's manager holding up four fingers, at which point the batter is awarded first base without any further pitches being thrown. In some leagues and in Major League Baseball prior to 2017, an intentional base on balls is issued when the pitcher deliberately pitches the ball away from the batter four times (or as many times as needed to get to ball four if

189-703: The 1992 St. Louis Cardinals season Joe Cunningham (hurler), teammate of Kieran Carey Joey Cunningham, York City F.C. player Others [ edit ] Joseph Lewis Cunningham (1784–1843), auctioneer in Boston, Massachusetts Joseph Davey Cunningham (1812–1851), Scottish historian Joseph Thomas Cunningham (1859–1935), British zoologist Joseph Cunningham (Northern Ireland politician) (1877–1965), Unionist politician in Northern Ireland Joseph F. Cunningham , American jurist Joe Cunningham (American politician) (born 1982), former member of

216-514: The Redbirds and managed in their farm system at the Class A level from 1968 to 1971. He was subsequently appointed as director of sales of the Cardinals in 1972. In that capacity, he oversaw the establishment of the group and season ticket departments. He was also influential in starting up team programs such as community nights and high school games at Busch Memorial Stadium . He went on to work as

243-733: The United States House of Representatives from South Carolina Joe Cunningham (trade unionist) , Irish trade union leader Joe Cunningham, actor who appeared in It's in the Air Joseph Cunningham, member of the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

270-579: The White Sox first baseman was successful, Cunningham would never fully recover from a broken collarbone suffered in a collision on June 3, 1963. He played only 89 games in 1964 and 95 games in 1965, with his batting average dropping to .231 and .229, respectively. He played his final major league game on April 17, 1966, at the age of 34. In a 12-season career, Cunningham posted a .291 batting average (980-3362) with 64 home runs , 525 runs scored , and 436 RBI in 1141 games played . His on-base percentage

297-417: The ball. An important difference is that for a hit batter or catcher's interference, the ball is dead and no one may advance unless forced; the ball is live after a walk (see below for details). A batter who draws a base on balls is commonly said to have been "walked" by the pitcher. When the batter is walked, runners advance one base without liability to be put out only if forced to vacate their base to allow

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324-479: The base awarded might occur when ball four is a passed ball or a wild pitch. In early baseball, there was no concept of a "ball." It was created by the NABBP in 1863, originally as a sort of unsportsmanlike-conduct penalty: "Should the pitcher repeatedly fail to deliver to the striker fair balls, for the apparent purpose of delaying the game, or for any other cause, the umpire, after warning him, shall call one ball, and if

351-419: The batter to take first base. If a batter draws a walk with the bases loaded , all preceding runners are forced to advance, including the runner on third base who is forced to home plate to score a run; when a run is forced on a walk, the batter is credited with a run batted in per rule 9.04. Receiving a base on balls does not count as a hit or an at bat for a batter but does count as a time on base and

378-527: The batter, or came within one foot of him. In 1880, the National League changed the rules so that eight "unfair balls" instead of nine were required for a walk. In 1884, the National League changed the rules so that six balls were required for a walk. In 1886, the American Association changed the rules so that six balls instead of seven were required for a walk; however, the National League changed

405-409: The decision to issue the intentional walk is made with one or more balls already on the count). As with any other walk, an intentional walk entitles the batter to first base without liability to be put out, and entitles any runners to advance if forced. Intentional walks are a strategic defensive maneuver, commonly done to bypass one hitter for one the defensive team believes is less likely to initiate

432-461: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Cunningham&oldid=1198335369 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Joe Cunningham (baseball) Joseph Robert Cunningham Jr. (August 27, 1931 – March 25, 2021)

459-632: The military for two years during the Korean War . He made his MLB debut on June 30, 1954, at the age of 22, batting 2-for-5 with his first major league home run and five runs batted in (RBI) in a 11–3 win over the Cincinnati Redlegs . In his first four major league games, Cunningham became the first Cardinals player to hit at least two home runs . This feat was equaled 62 years later on April 6, 2016, when Jeremy Hazelbaker also hit two home runs in his first four games. Cunningham's 1959 season

486-556: The next base anyway. When a walk occurs, the ball is still live: any runner not forced to advance may nevertheless attempt to advance at his own risk, which might occur on a steal play, passed ball , or wild pitch . Also, because a ball is live when a base on balls occurs, runners on base forced to advance one base may attempt to advance beyond one base, at their own risk. The batter-runner himself may attempt to advance beyond first base, at his own risk. Rule 6.08 addresses this matter as well. An attempt to advance an additional base beyond

513-488: The number of balls required for a walk to four. In 2017, Major League Baseball approved a rule change allowing for a batter to be walked intentionally by having the defending bench signal to the umpire. The move was met with some controversy. A subset of the base on balls, an intentional base on balls (IBB), or intentional walk, is when the defensive team intentionally issues a walk to the batter. In Major League Baseball and many amateur leagues, an intentional base on balls

540-405: The pitcher persists in such action, two and three balls; when three balls shall have been called, the striker shall be entitled to the first base; and should any base be occupied at that time, each player occupying them shall be entitled to one base without being put out." Note that this rule in effect gave the pitcher 9 balls, since each penalty ball could only be called on a third offense. In 1869

567-419: The rule was modified so that only those baserunners forced to advance could advance. From 1871 through 1886, the batter was entitled to call "high" or "low," i.e. above or below the waist; a pitch which failed to conform was "unfair." Certain pitches were defined as automatic balls in 1872: any ball delivered over the batter's head, that hit the ground in front of home plate, was delivered to the opposite side from

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594-427: The rules so that seven balls were required for a walk instead of six. In 1887, the National League and American Association agreed to abide by some uniform rule changes, including, for the first time, a strike zone which defined balls and strikes by rule rather than the umpire's discretion, and decreased the number of balls required for a walk to five. In 1889, the National League and the American Association decreased

621-400: Was .403 (#48 all time) and slugging percentage was .417. He compiled a .989 fielding percentage . His primary position was first base, in which he played in 608 games. He also played in the outfield, appearing in 404 games in right field and 46 games in left field. Cunningham collected 599 walks in his career and struck out only 369 times. After retiring as a player, Cunningham returned to

648-541: Was an American baseball first baseman and outfielder who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals , Chicago White Sox , and Washington Senators from 1954 to 1966. He batted and threw left-handed , and was a two-time All-Star . Cunningham batted .291 with 980 hits over 1,141 career games . He finished his career with more walks (599) than strikeouts (369). Cunningham

675-593: Was arguably his best individual year. He led the National League in on-base percentage at .453 and batted .345 to finish second to Hank Aaron for the NL batting title . He was selected to both the first and second All-Star game that season. Cunningham was traded from the Cardinals to the Chicago White Sox after the 1961 season in exchange for long-time star Minnie Miñoso . Although his first season as

702-527: Was born in Paterson, New Jersey , on August 27, 1931, and was raised in Saddle River Township (since renamed as Saddle Brook, New Jersey ). He attended Lodi High School in nearby Lodi and was signed as an amateur free agent by the St. Louis Cardinals before the 1949 season. Cunningham played four seasons in the minor leagues from 1949 to 1951, and the first part of the 1954 season. He served in

729-525: Was married to Kathe Dillard for 60 years until his death. One of their two sons, Joe III, played in the minor leagues from 1984 to 1988 and also worked as a batting instructor and manager in the Cardinals' farm system . Cunningham died on March 25, 2021, at his home in Chesterfield, Missouri . He was 89. Base on balls The term "base on balls" distinguishes a walk from the other manners in which

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