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48-698: Presently, the JASMS system occupies three campuses: the nursery (3-year-olds)-to–Grade 6 levels of PWU JASMS Manila (formerly JASMS Indiana) located on Pilar Hidalgo-Lim Street in Malate, Manila; the PWU JASMS Manila High School (Grade 7 to Grade 12) in the PWU main campus on Taft Avenue in Malate, Manila; and the nursery-to–Grade 12 campus of JASMS Quezon City (QC) on Congressional Avenue in Quezon City. JASMS evolved from

96-738: A class of 7 boys, graduates from JASMS Grade VII, and one girl from Bangladesh. JASMS Manila Preschool to Grade III classes are moved to the Unlad Building across the street from the original JASMS Annex JASMS QC is cited as the Quezon City Gawad Parangal Most Outstanding Institution by the QC government JASMS Manila and the PWU High School and JASMS QC are selected by DepEd to model the Grade 11 curriculum JASMS Manila

144-643: A concentration camp in Basak San Nicolas, Cebu City . When asked to cooperate with the Japanese, he refused. Although he had nothing to do with military operations, they imputed to him, as acting president, the destruction of the bridges and other public works in Cebu that had been undertaken by the USAFFE forces to delay the invasion of the island. The Japanese high commander, Kiyotake Kawaguchi , took him and his son aboard

192-460: A ship on April 26, 1942, thinking they were heading to Manila. Instead, they arrived on April 28 at Parang , Cotabato (now in Maguindanao del Norte ). The next day they were brought to Malabang , Lanao , arriving on April 30. After two days' confinement at Japanese camps, Abad Santos was called in front of Kawaguchi and was informed about the order of his execution. Before he was shot to death, he

240-529: A tart taste to wine ; the amount decreases with increasing fruit ripeness . The taste of malic acid is very clear and pure in rhubarb , a plant for which it is the primary flavor. It is also the compound responsible for the tart flavor of sumac spice. It is also a component of some artificial vinegar flavors, such as "salt and vinegar" flavored potato chips. The process of malolactic fermentation converts malic acid to much milder lactic acid . Malic acid occurs naturally in all fruits and many vegetables, and

288-416: Is also synthesized by the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate in the guard cells of plant leaves. Malate, as a double anion, often accompanies potassium cations during the uptake of solutes into the guard cells in order to maintain electrical balance in the cell. The accumulation of these solutes within the guard cell decreases the solute potential , allowing water to enter the cell and promote aperture of

336-459: Is generated in fruit metabolism. Malic acid, when added to food products, is denoted by E number E296. It is sometimes used with or in place of the less sour citric acid in sour sweets. These sweets are sometimes labeled with a warning stating that excessive consumption can cause irritation of the mouth. It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, US and Australia and New Zealand (where it

384-603: Is granted Level II re-accreditation by the Federation of Accrediting Agencies of the Philippines in (2013–2018) after the school met all the requirements of the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU); the all-girls PWU High School is accredited by PAASCU (2013-2016) with Level 1 status. JASMS Manila High School (Co-Ed) and the PWU High School (all girls) are merged in

432-451: Is listed by its INS number 296). Malic acid contains 10 kJ (2.39 kilocalories) of energy per gram. Racemic malic acid is produced industrially by the double hydration of maleic anhydride . In 2000, American production capacity was 5,000 tons per year. The enantiomers may be separated by chiral resolution of the racemic mixture. S -Malic acid is obtained by fermentation of fumaric acid . Self-condensation of malic acid in

480-449: Is the main acid in many fruits, including apricots , blackberries , blueberries , cherries , grapes , mirabelles , peaches , pears , plums , and quince , and is present in lower concentrations in other fruits, such as citrus. It contributes to the sourness of unripe apples. Sour apples contain high proportions of the acid. It is present in grapes and in most wines with concentrations sometimes as high as 5 g/L. It confers

528-550: Is the naturally occurring form, whereas a mixture of L - and D -malic acid is produced synthetically. Malate plays an important role in biochemistry . In the C4 carbon fixation process, malate is a source of CO 2 in the Calvin cycle . In the citric acid cycle , ( S )-malate is an intermediate, formed by the addition of an -OH group on the si face of fumarate. It can also be formed from pyruvate via anaplerotic reactions . Malate

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576-508: The L -isomer exists naturally. The salts and esters of malic acid are known as malates . The malate anion is a metabolic intermediate in the citric acid cycle . The word 'malic' is derived from Latin mālum , meaning 'apple'. The related Latin word mālus , meaning 'apple tree', is used as the name of the genus Malus , which includes all apples and crabapples; and is the origin of other taxonomic classifications such as Maloideae , Malinae , and Maleae . L -Malic acid

624-647: The Armed Forces of the Philippines in some areas unoccupied by the Japanese. On April 11, 1942, Abad Santos, his son José Jr. (nicknamed Pepito ), Col. Benito Valeriano and two enlisted men were captured by the Japanese in Barangay Tubod in Barili, Cebu while traveling by automobile to Toledo, Cebu . He identified himself as the chief justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He and his son were then taken to

672-666: The House of Representatives of the Philippines . In 1926, he went to the United States as head of the Philippine educational mission. He was again appointed secretary of justice in 1928 and re-appointed on July 1, 1931. In 1932, he became an associate justice of the Supreme Court. He became its chief justice on December 24, 1941. As part of the emergency reorganization of the Commonwealth government, Abad Santos, in his capacity as chief justice,

720-558: The Japanese occupation of the Philippines during World War II. José Abad Santos was born on February 19, 1886, in San Fernando , Pampanga . He was the seventh of the ten children of Vicente Abad Santos and Toribia Basco. His brother Pedro eventually emerged as a leading socialist leader during the Commonwealth era . He finished his early education in his hometown. In 1904, he was sent to

768-539: The NAMCYA Foundation. The JASMS Rondalla holds annual concerts under the theme "Himig ng Lahi" performed at the PWU Concert Hall. Jos%C3%A9 Abad Santos José Abad Santos y Basco ( Spanish: [xoˈse aˈβað ˈsantos] , Tagalog: [hoˈse ʔaˈbad ˈsantos] ; February 19, 1886 – May 1, 1942) was the fifth chief justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines . He briefly served as

816-711: The United States as a government pensioner. He finished a pre-law course at the Santa Clara College in Santa Clara, California ; his Bachelor of Laws at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois ; and his Masters of Laws at George Washington University in 1909. He was admitted to the Philippine Bar and passed in 1911 and later served as assistant attorney at the Bureau of Justice from 1913 to 1917. In 1919, Abad Santos

864-439: The (−)-chlorosuccinic acid. The cycle is completed when silver oxide takes this compound back to (−)-malic acid. L -malic acid is used to resolve α-phenylethylamine , a versatile resolving agent in its own right. Soil supplementation with molasses increases microbial synthesis of malic acid. This is thought to occur naturally as part of soil microbe suppression of disease , so soil amendment with molasses can be used as

912-606: The Central Methodist Episcopal Church). Abad Santos was a freemason and a member of the Upsilon Sigma Phi fraternity. Malate Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula HO 2 CCH(OH)CH 2 CO 2 H . It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive . Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms ( L - and D -enantiomers), though only

960-514: The Department of Justice, where he became attorney-general, undersecretary of justice, then secretary of justice from 1921 to 1923. In July 1923, he resigned as secretary of justice together with other department secretaries as a result of the controversy between Governor-General Leonard Wood and Filipino leaders. Abad Santos then served as chief counsel of the president of the Senate and the speaker of

1008-861: The Leon Guinto wing of the PWU Main Campus on Taft Avenue and preschool and primary classes are moved back to the JASMS building on Pilar Hidalgo Lim Street; the high school is renamed the PWU JASMS Manila High School and is co-educational PWU JASMS Manila and JASMS QC are granted permits by the Department of Education to open Senior High School (Grades 11 and 12). JASMS Quezon City campus relocated from its original site in EDSA, West Triangle to Congressional Avenue in Project 8, Quezon City. JASMS Grade School and PWU JASMS High School were granted 5-year Accreditation by PAASCU (2017-2022). PWU JASMS Manila's award-winning Rondalla

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1056-551: The PWU board of trustees, who was executed by the Japanese invading forces during World War II . Also around this time, a reorganization of the elementary school (on Taft Avenue). Two schools developed out of this initial effort: JASMS in Manila and later (1956) in Quezon City, both coeducational from Nursery to Grade 12. Both are new referred to as PWU JASMS. In essence, JASMS has evolved into an educational environment where students, teachers, and parents can feel and see for themselves

1104-458: The Philippines and carry on his work and stay with his family. On March 17, 1942, the day of Quezon's departure at Zamboanguita , Negros Oriental for the United States by way of Australia , he appointed Abad Santos as the acting president with full authority to act in the name of, and on behalf of the president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines and become the acting commander-in-chief of

1152-514: The acting president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines and acting commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines during World War II , from March 1942 until his execution. Japanese forces killed him for refusing to cooperate during their occupation of the country. Together with Josefa Llanes Escoda and Vicente Lim , he is memorialized on the Philippines' 1,000-Peso banknote depicting Filipinos who fought and died resisting

1200-448: The books, art materials, blocks, and play facilities provided them in school. They wouldn't participate in the singing, art, and story-telling activities led by the two young teachers—except for three young boys who raced through all the materials and eagerly participated in all the activities. The teachers noticed that these three boys were the only ones who were dropped off at school without yaya s (nannies), parents, or relatives. First,

1248-423: The city Experimental Grade 1 is opened when parents ask that the child development approach be carried on into the grade school The class is abruptly closed by the onset of WWII but Mrs. Gamboa sets up a kindergarten and ungraded primary classes in an old house at the corner of Taft Avenue and Tennessee (now Malvar Street) in Malate, Manila. PWU building was burned during the war Quonset huts are built to house

1296-551: The generosity of Earl Carroll, president of the Philamlife Assurance Company, to serve the new communities opening up in the vicinity such as the Philamlife Homes , West Triangle Homes (then called DBP homes) and the government housing projects. The new JASMS QC with Mrs. Gamboa as director, offers preschool to Grade 7. JASMS QC high school opens an experimental high school. JASMS Manila opens high school with

1344-598: The grave. The area where the execution took place had been plowed and planted to root crops. On September 21, 1918, Abad Santos was married to Amanda Teopaco daughter of Pedro Teopaco member of the Malolos Congress and has five children José Jr. (born 1919), Luz (born 1920), Amanda (born 1921), Osmundo (born 1922) and Victoria (born 1924). A staunch Methodist , Abad Santos worshiped at Central United Methodist Church along T.M. Kalaw Street in Ermita , Manila (then known as

1392-680: The individual's worth, consideration for others and the beauty in cooperative effort with reverence and appreciation for all manifestations of life and the realization that a child grows up only once and the need to let his childhood would be a happy one. The children are our future, the builders of our nation: belonging, contributing with initiative and responsibility; with sense of personal and social worthiness, working with others cooperatively; God-fearing and imbued with reverence for life. The PWU-JASMS Parent-Teachers Council (Manila Campus) and JASMS Parents' Association (Quezon City Campus) composed of parents and teacher-counterparts who look after some of

1440-468: The kindergarten and elementary by day and to serve as a dormitory by night. Fronting PWU, these huts were located at the site of what would later be referred to as the JASMS Annex. Other big houses undamaged by the war became the classrooms of the children. One such house was owned by the late Chief Justice Abad Santos, once PWU board chair, who was executed by the enemy during the war. Doreen Gamboa leads

1488-415: The kinds of motivations and depth of wisdom as they grow into maturity are the focus of the school's attention and concern and, ultimately, the inspiration of its current proponents to sustain the pioneering work at JASMS. The Jose Abad Santos Memorial School (JASMS) is the outcome of the many years of work that Doreen Barber Gamboa had with children. She was greatly inspired by Francisca Tirona Benitez who

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1536-748: The music of the different rondalla instruments and the promotion and preservation of Filipino music through rondalla. In 2015, the JASMS Rondalla won the Grand Prize of the National Music Competitions for Young Artists (NAMCYA) organized by the NAMCYA Foundation. In November 2016, the PWU JASMS Junior Rondalla won the Best Interpretation and Grand Prize of the National Music Competitions for Young Artists (NAMCYA) organized by

1584-482: The population of the school grew, so did the popularity of the school with the parents. It was the parents themselves who petitioned for the preschool's expansion into a bona fide grade school department. In 1949, the PWU elementary department was renamed the Jose Abad Santos Memorial School (JASMS) in honor of José Abad Santos , Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines and chairman of

1632-509: The preschool (est. 1933) of the Philippine Women's University (PWU) under the leadership of President Benitez. She then hired Doreen Barber Gamboa and Priscilla Abaya to first set up and run the preschool in the fenced-in area which was the PWU gymnasium in Manila. Mrs. Gamboa was of Irish descent and had trained in psychology. Gamboa and Abaya noticed that most of the children in the new PWU preschool were being held back from fully exploring

1680-505: The presence of fuming sulfuric acid gives the pyrone coumalic acid : Carbon monoxide and water are liberated during this reaction. Malic acid was important in the discovery of the Walden inversion and the Walden cycle , in which (−)-malic acid first is converted into (+)-chlorosuccinic acid by action of phosphorus pentachloride . Wet silver oxide then converts the chlorine compound to (+)-malic acid, which then reacts with PCl 5 to

1728-521: The rebuilding of the preschool and elementary department following the principles of child development; the school is named the Jose Abad Santos Memorial School (JASMS), after the late Chief Justice JASMS Manila opens at a new site along Indiana (now Pilar Hidalgo-Lim) Street in Malate but still maintains the (Annex) Taft Avenue facilities for younger children JASMS in Quezon City (QC) is established through

1776-400: The school's needs and facilitate parent participation in the education program where appropriate. Jose Abad Santos Memorial School- JASMS, Rondalla ensemble was organized April 2007 by teacher Noli Rodriguez, a high school math teacher . JASMS Rondalla is offered free to all students of JASMS Manila from Grade 4 to Grade 12. JASMS Rondalla's aim is to give life to Filipino folk songs through

1824-481: The stomata. Malic acid was first isolated from apple juice by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1785. Antoine Lavoisier in 1787 proposed the name acide malique , which is derived from the Latin word for apple, mālum —as is its genus name Malus . In German it is named Äpfelsäure (or Apfelsäure ) after plural or singular of a sour thing from the apple fruit, but the salt(s) are called Malat(e) . Malic acid

1872-436: The supervision of the destruction of Commonwealth government currency to prevent its falling into enemy hands. With the Japanese invasion rapidly advancing to the southern part of the Philippines, President Manuel L. Quezon was advised by General Douglas MacArthur to establish a government in exile to the United States; Quezon invited Chief Justice Abad Santos to leave with him. The latter declined preferring to remain in

1920-423: The teachers sought the cooperation of over-protective parents to free the children from their yaya s and other "watchers". Next, they expanded the physical set-up of the classroom to include the outdoors. The children were encouraged to play vigorously, explore their environment, and experiment widely with the materials that the environment had to offer. Movement was encouraged and employed, rather than restricted. As

1968-432: The warmth and friendliness that permeates the school community and where learning is a joy—freed from rigid pressures to conform or to be subjected to comparisons that harm one's sense of self. Feeling good about himself or herself, the child is thus set free to move explore the world as a fully engaged and self-principled citizen. How the young develop in attitude, behavior, and relationships as they grow into personhood and

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2016-729: Was a co-founder and then President of the Philippine Women's University (PWU), the first college for Women in Asia (est. 1919). Nursery class opens for children 18 months to 3 years of age under the Elementary and Training Department of the PWU at A. Flores Street in Ermita, Manila Kindergarten expands into the Child Development Department headed by Doreen Gamboa Boarding nursery is set up for children whose parents were working or not in

2064-424: Was a small mound—too small, Pepito thought, to hold his father's remains if properly buried. On top of the grave lay a rock as large as a coconut. Pepito begged that he be allowed to mark the grave with a cross, but his request was denied. After the war, an intensive search for the place where José was buried failed. Pepito did not find the hut and the trees, which would have served as points of reference for locating

2112-445: Was able to talk to his son Pepito. Among his last parting words to his son were, "Do not cry, Pepito, show to these people that you are brave. It is an honor to die for one's country. Not everybody has that chance." Abad Santos was executed at 2:00 pm, on May 1, 1942, under a tall coconut tree near a river bank. He refused to be blindfolded and refused the last cigarette offered to him. On May 1, 1942, Chief Justice Jose Abad Santos

2160-506: Was chosen to represent the Philippines in a cultural exchange program in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The development of a wholesome person, participating member of the home, the community and the world through: experience in group living, finding a variety of opportunities for creative expression, confidence to explore and valuing the thinking-questing process, acquiring skills to move ahead in life, sense of fulfillment in accomplishment, respect for

2208-641: Was executed by Japanese troops in Malabang, Lanao del Sur. Prior to 2014, the public knew Abad Santos was executed either on the dates May 2 or May 7, 1942. But the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) ascertained May 1, 1942 using the Japanese war crime records found in the National Archives of the Philippines . Later that afternoon of May 1, 1942, two Japanese interpreters took José's son, Pepito, to his father's grave. It

2256-509: Was given the responsibilities previously handled by the secretary of justice (the position of secretary of justice was abolished for the duration of the war). Abad Santos accompanied the Commonwealth government to Corregidor , where on December 30, 1941, he administered the oath of office to President Quezon and Vice-President Osmeña for the second term to which they had been elected in November of that year. He also undertook, with Manuel Roxas ,

2304-472: Was instrumental in laying the legal groundwork, as well as drafting the by-laws and constitution of the Philippine Women's University , the country and Asia's first private non-sectarian women's institute of higher learning. Abad Santos was later appointed as the first Filipino corporate lawyer of the Philippine National Bank , Manila Railroad Company and other government corporations. He went to

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