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40-496: Jones began operations in 1928. The company was initially based in the London district of Bayswater . Jones began producing bodies for taxis early on. Chassis and engines initially came from the Austin 12 hp ("Heavy 12"), then from 1934 from the Austin 12/4 . Mann & Overton took over distribution for the London area. In the mid-1930s, bodies for private vehicles were also added, such as

80-648: A traffic island in the middle of Edgware Road at its junction with Bayswater Road. Between the trees is a roundel with the inscription "The site of Tyburn Tree". It is also commemorated by the Tyburn Convent, a Catholic convent dedicated to the memory of martyrs executed there and in other locations for the Catholic faith. Although most historical records and modern science agree that the Tyburn gallows were situated where Oxford Street meets Edgware Road and Bayswater Road, in

120-402: A fee. On one occasion, the stands collapsed, reportedly killing and injuring hundreds of people. A hanging as public spectacle was depicted by William Hogarth in his satirical print The Idle 'Prentice Executed at Tyburn (1747). Tyburn was commonly invoked in euphemisms for capital punishment: for instance, to "take a ride to Tyburn" (or simply "go west") was to go to one's hanging, "Lord of

160-582: A one-off aerodynamic two-door car built on the chassis of the Lanchester Ten or a small series of convertibles with Austin 12 mechanics, which were marketed as Sandringham. After the Second World War , Jones was taken over by FH Boyd-Carpenter, who had operated his own coachbuilding business under the name Boyd-Carpenter until the outbreak of the war and now ran the Rumbold Company, a supplier to

200-540: A one-off basis. One of these was a Bentley 3.5 Litre , which was given a " Woodie "-style station wagon body. The last order came from Bristol Cars and was for the manufacture of the bodies for the Bristol 406 , introduced in 1958. Jones built around 150 406 bodies. According to one source, Jones did not fully complete the Bristol contract; before it was completed, the company became insolvent and ceased operations. Bristol passed

240-463: A site next to the stream in 1196. William Fitz Osbert , a populist leader who played a major role in an 1196 popular revolt in London, was cornered in the church of St Mary-le-Bow . He was dragged naked behind a horse to Tyburn, where he was hanged . In 1537, Henry VIII used Tyburn to execute the ringleaders of the Pilgrimage of Grace , including Sir Nicholas Tempest, one of the northern leaders of

280-568: A small settlement, although the gradual expansion of London westward into Mayfair and Paddington brought it closer to the outskirts of the city. During the Regency era new suburbs were rapidly constructed to cope with the growing population of the city. An important early developer in Bayswater was Edward Orme who constructed Moscow Road and St. Petersburgh Place , which he named in honour of Alexander I of Russia . Both Bayswater and Tyburnia to

320-519: A sometimes raucous procession of the condemned from Newgate Gaol in the City -- at the end of the 18th century, the hangings were moved to Newgate. The manor of Tyburn, and the neighbouring Lisson , were recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086, and were together served by the parish of Marylebone , itself named after the stream. The original name of the parish was simply Marybourne, the stream of St Mary;

360-414: Is a built-up district with a population density of 17,500 per square kilometre, and is located between Kensington Gardens to the south, Paddington to the north-east, and Notting Hill to the west. Much of Bayswater was built in the 1800s, and consists of streets and garden squares lined with Victorian stucco terraces ; some of which have been subdivided into flats. Other key developments include

400-602: Is derived from the 1380 placename "Bayards Watering Place", which in Middle English meant either a watering place for horses, or the watering place that belonged to the Bayard family. Historically, Bayswater was located to the west of London on the road from Tyburn towards Uxbridge . It was a hamlet in the seventeenth century close to the Kensington Gravel Pits . By the end of the eighteenth century Bayswater remained

440-473: Is reported that the majority of the condemned did so. A noose was then placed around their neck and the cart pulled away, leaving them hanging. Instances of pickpocketing have been reported in the crowds of executions, a mockery of the deterrent effect of capital punishment , which at the time was considered proper punishment for theft. Sites of public executions were significant gathering places and executions were public spectacles. Scholars have described

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480-636: The Labour Party , and one to the Conservative Party , with Bayswater being fully represented by Labour, and Lancaster Gate being split between the two parties. Lancaster Gate can be considered as a marginal ward . The stations within the district are Bayswater and Queensway . Other nearby stations include Paddington ( Bakerloo, Circle and District lines and Circle and Hammersmith & City lines ), Royal Oak (in Westbourne) and Lancaster Gate (to

520-418: The chamberlain to Eleanor of Aquitaine . In 1236, the City of London contracted with Sir Gilbert to draw water from Tyburn Springs, which he held, to serve as the source of the first piped water supply for the city. The water was supplied in lead pipes that ran from where Bond Street station stands today, 800 m east of Hyde Park , down to the hamlet of Charing ( Charing Cross ), along Fleet Street and over

560-718: The 1400s. In the 12th century, the Sheriff of London had been given the jurisdiction in Middlesex, as well as in the City of London. Prisoners were taken in public procession from Newgate Prison in the City, via St Giles in the Fields and Oxford Street (then known as Tyburn Road). From the late 18th century, when public executions were no longer carried out at Tyburn, they occurred at Newgate Prison itself and at Horsemonger Lane Gaol in Southwark . The first recorded execution took place at

600-524: The Fleet Bridge, climbing Ludgate Hill (by gravitational pressure) to a public conduit at Cheapside . Water was supplied free to all comers. The junction of the two Roman roads had significance from ancient times, and was marked by a monument known as Oswulf's Stone , which gave its name to the Ossulstone Hundred of Middlesex . The stone was covered over in 1851 when Marble Arch was moved to

640-582: The French "le" appeared in the 17th century, under the influence of names like Mary-le-Bow . Domesday showed that the manor was held, both before and after the Norman Conquest, by the Barking Abbey nunnery. The Domesday survey records it as having eight households, suggesting a population of around 40. In the 1230s and 1240s, the manor was held by Gilbert de Sandford, the son of John de Sandford , who had been

680-681: The Grade II listed 650-flat Hallfield Estate , designed by Sir Denys Lasdun , and Queensway and Westbourne Grove , its busiest high streets, with a mix of independent, boutique and chain retailers and restaurants. Bayswater is also one of London's most cosmopolitan areas: a diverse local population is augmented by a high concentration of hotels. In addition to the English, there are many other nationalities. Notable ethnic groups include Greeks , French , Americans , Brazilians , Italians , Irish , Arabs , Malaysians , and Albanians . The name Bayswater

720-567: The January 1850 issue of Notes and Queries , the book collector and musicologist Edward Francis Rimbault published a list of faults he had found in Peter Cunningham's 1849 Handbook of London , in which he claimed that the correct site of the gallows is where 49 Connaught Square was later built, stating that "in the lease granted by the Bishop of London, this is particularly mentioned". Tyburn

760-484: The Manor of Tyburn" was the public hangman, "dancing the Tyburn jig" was the act of being hanged. Convicts would be transported to the site in an open ox-cart from Newgate Prison. They were expected to put on a good show, wearing their finest clothes and going to their deaths with insouciance . On 19 April 1779, clergyman James Hackman was hanged there following his 7 April murder of courtesan and socialite Martha Ray ,

800-671: The Pilgrimage and the King's own Bowbearer of the Forest of Bowland . In 1571, the Tyburn Tree was erected near the junction of today's Edgware Road , Bayswater Road and Oxford Street , 200 m west of Marble Arch . The "Tree" or "Triple Tree" was a form of gallows , consisting of a horizontal wooden triangle supported by three legs (an arrangement known as a "three-legged mare" or "three-legged stool"). Multiple criminals could be hanged at once, and so

840-649: The St Giles Bowl appears to have been administered at a number of inns (or perhaps one inn under a number of names) in St Giles, each successively being referred to as "The Bowl". According to Walter Thornbury in his classic London Old and New , "The Bowl" would appear to have become associated with the "Angel Inn" on St Giles High Street. In 1873, the City Press feared that the Angel Inn, another memorial of ancient London,

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880-555: The aircraft industry. Boyd-Carpenter merged Jones' headquarters with that of the Rumbold Company in the London district of Willesden. In the 1950s, Jones built Humber -based ambulances and pick-ups; some convertible versions of the Humber Super Snipe were also built at Jones. Jones may have acted as a subcontractor for Thrupp & Maberly , the preferred body supplier of the Rootes Group . Older vehicles were given new bodies on

920-565: The area, but it was shortly afterwards unearthed and propped up against the Arch. It has not been seen since it was stolen in 1869. Although executions took place elsewhere (notably on Tower Hill , generally related to treason by gentlemen), the Roman road junction at Tyburn became associated with the place of criminal execution for the City of London and Middlesex after most were moved here from Smithfield in

960-408: The body on Judgement Day (see Jack Sheppard , Dick Turpin or William Spiggot ). The first victim of the "Tyburn Tree" was John Story , a Roman Catholic who was tried for and convicted of treason. There is a plaque to the Catholic martyrs executed at Tyburn in the period 1535–1681 at 8 Hyde Park Place, the site of Tyburn convent. Among the more notable individuals suspended from the "Tree" in

1000-454: The east developed independently of each other. Gradually over the following decades the remaining open spaces were built on and it became an urban area of affluent residential streets and garden squares . The Bayswater area elects a total of six councillors to Westminster City Council : three from the eponymous Bayswater ward, and three from Lancaster Gate ward. Following the 2022 Westminster City Council elections , five members belong to

1040-639: The east). Tyburn Tyburn was a manor (estate) in London , Middlesex , England, one of two which were served by the parish of Marylebone . Tyburn took its name from the Tyburn Brook , a tributary of the River Westbourne . The name Tyburn, from Teo Bourne, means 'boundary stream'. The parish, and probably therefore also the manor, was bounded by Roman roads to the west (modern Edgware Road ) and south (modern Oxford Street ). The junction of these

1080-497: The execution of Katharine Knowland, "When she came to Tyburn, all the crossbeams were pulled down; so she was tied up on the top of one of the upright posts, and hung with her back to it." One of the first mentions of the gallows being used again was on 7 October 1759, when four people were executed on the "new moving gallows" which afterwards was "carried off in a cart". The executions were public spectacles which attracted crowds of thousands. Spectator stands provided deluxe views for

1120-437: The execution, around midnight, the sexton of St Sepulchre's church , adjacent to Newgate, recited verses outside the wall of the condemned. The following morning, the convicts heard prayers, and those who wished to do so received the sacrament . On the day of execution, the condemned were transported to the Tyburn gallows from Newgate in a horse-drawn open cart. It was about three miles (5 km) from Newgate to Tyburn, but as

1160-416: The executions at Tyburn as "carnivalesque occasion[s] in which the normative message intended by the authorities is reappropriated and inverted by an irreverent crowd" that found them a source of "entertainment as well as conflict." This analysis is supported by the presence of shouting street traders and food vendors and the erection of seating for wealthier onlookers. Additionally, a popular belief held that

1200-484: The following centuries were John Bradshaw , Henry Ireton and Oliver Cromwell , who were already dead but were disinterred and hanged at Tyburn in January 1661 on the orders of the Cavalier Parliament in an act of posthumous revenge for their part in the beheading of King Charles I . The gallows seem to have been replaced several times, probably because of wear , but in general, the entire structure stood all

1240-418: The gallows were used for mass executions, such as that on 23 June 1649 when 24 prisoners (23 men and 1 woman) were hanged simultaneously, having been conveyed there in eight carts. After executions, the bodies would be buried nearby or in later times removed for dissection by anatomists . The crowd would sometimes fight over a body with surgeons, for fear that dismemberment could prevent the resurrection of

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1280-481: The hand of an executed criminal could cure cancers, and it was not uncommon to see mothers brushing their child's cheek with the hand of the condemned. The gallows at Tyburn were sources of cadavers for surgeons and anatomists. The sole male representative to the Kildare Geraldines was then smuggled to safety by his tutor at the age of twelve. Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare (1525–1585), also known as

1320-458: The mistress of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich . The Tyburn gallows were last used on 3 November 1783, when John Austin , a highwayman , was hanged; for the next eighty-five years, hangings were staged outside Newgate prison. Then, in 1868, due to public disorder during these public executions, it was decided to execute the convicts inside the prison. The site of the gallows is now marked by three young oak trees that were planted in 2014 on

1360-499: The place where the crime was committed; or burning at the stake; and being drawn and quartered , of which the latter two were common in cases of treason . The last days of the condemned were marked by religious events. On the Sunday before every execution, a sermon was preached in Newgate 's chapel, which those unaffiliated with the execution could pay to attend. Furthermore, the night before

1400-491: The streets were often crowded with onlookers, the journey could last up to three hours. The cart usually stopped at the "Bowl Inn" public house in St Giles High Street. This was the "halfway house". Here the condemned were allowed to drink strong liquors, wine or strong ale . The draught itself was described in a 19th century ballad as being of a "nutty brown ale drunk from a 'broad wooden bowl' ". At various times

1440-502: The time in Tyburn. After some acts of vandalism , in October 1759 it was decided to replace the permanent structure with new moving gallows. These remained until the last execution in Tyburn, probably carried out in November 1783. On the night of Wednesday, 28 March 1759, part of the gallows was blown down. Further evidence of the fixed gallows's disrepair was noted on Friday, 22 June 1759 with

1480-497: The wooden molds used by Jones on to Park Royal Vehicles in 1961, where – starting with the 407 – the bodies for the stylistically only slightly modified successors to the 406 were manufactured until 1976. Another source reports that in 1962 Jones fitted a Jaguar Mark 2 with a station wagon body on behalf of racing driver Mike Hawthorn. Bayswater Bayswater is an area in the City of Westminster in West London . It

1520-477: Was about to pass away. The Angel was remodelled in 1898 and stands to this day. Having arrived at Tyburn, the condemned found themselves in front of a crowded and noisy square; the wealthy paid to sit on the stands erected for the occasion, in order to have an unobstructed view. Before the execution, the condemned were allowed to say a few words; the authorities expected that most of the condemned, before commending their own souls to God , would admit their guilt. It

1560-448: Was primarily known for its gallows, which functioned as the main execution site for London-area prisoners from the 16th through to the 18th centuries. For those found guilty of capital crimes who could not obtain a pardon, which accounted for about 40%, a probable destiny was to be hanged at Tyburn. Other contemporary methods of punishment that may have been used as alternatives to Tyburn included execution, followed by being hung in chains at

1600-431: Was the site of the famous Tyburn Gallows (known colloquially as the "Tyburn Tree"), now occupied by Marble Arch . So, for many centuries the name Tyburn was synonymous with capital punishment : it was the principal place for execution for London and Middlesex criminals and convicted traitors , including many religious martyrs . In the 18th century it was also known as "God's Tribunal". Hangings at Tyburn often included

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