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67-527: While the concept was predated by Ramtek 's Clean Sweep (1974), Breakout spawned an entire genre of clones . It was the inspiration for aspects of the Apple II computer and Taito 's Space Invaders (1978). An official sequel was released in 1978, Super Breakout , which eventually became the pack-in game for the Atari 5200 console in 1982. Super Breakout introduced multiple balls in play at once, which became

134-403: A boss , a proportionally large number of points is usually rewarded. Extra points can be gained from gathering items , such as power-ups or other pick-ups. Usually, when a player gets a certain number of points, they may get an extra life or go on to a higher level . Points can be often used as currency which can be redeemed for rewards and player upgrades. The high score of a video game

201-508: A continue . In puzzle games, scores are usually gained by solving the puzzles quickly. Higher scores can be gained by performing combos of puzzle solving. There is often a time bonus which can add extra points. The level number is often a multiplier on the points, so higher scores are possible on harder levels. Level multipliers can also be picked up in some games, to further multiply your points bonus. In other games, points are typically gained from defeating monsters and enemies. When defeating

268-679: A $ 1,000 prize to the first gamer who could break George Costanza's fictitious Frogger high score of 863,050 points. On August 1, 1982, the Twin Galaxies Intergalactic Scoreboard issued a colorful poster that listed the world record high scores for more than two dozen arcade video games. The poster was distributed among arcades worldwide. This was the first poster (#1) in a series of colorful posters that continues today, with poster #131 issued in October, 2008. In an episode of Friends , Chandler Bing puts in dirty words on all

335-469: A button on the machine. The high score concept changed in July 1978 with the release of Taito 's shoot 'em up Space Invaders , where high scores were determined by gamers playing for as long as they could to stay alive, as high scores kept rising. The popularity of Space Invaders stemmed in part from players returning to beat the current high score, as players could now compete with each other over who had

402-511: A common feature in the genre. In 1986 the Breakout concept found new legs with Taito 's Arkanoid , which itself spawned dozens of imitators. In Japan, the genre is known as block kuzushi ("block breaker") games. Breakout begins with eight rows of bricks, with two rows each of a different color. The color order from the bottom up is yellow, green, orange and red. Using a single ball, the player must knock down as many bricks as possible by using

469-434: A few standalone systems such as the 6114, but they did not create any technology targeted at home users. In 1983 Ramtek was sued for allegedly falsely evaluating their stock during a public stock offering to raise capital. Ramtek predicted revenues of $ 150 million in 1984. However, they instead reported a $ 15.4 million loss for that fiscal year. In 1984, Control Data Corporation entered an agreement with Ramtek to provide it

536-401: A high score. This has declined in popularity in recent years, as players are often allowed to play for as long as they can without losing, but not given free games even if they achieve a high score. The first video game to use the term "high score" was Midway 's Sea Wolf (1976). The game saved the highest score achieved on the cabinet, but could be reset by a player at any time by pressing

603-468: A loan of $ 5 million. Under this agreement, CDC had the right to purchase a 60% share of Ramtek or buy out the company's interest in Digital Productions after two years. The Digital Productions stock and their Cray supercomputer were later sold to Omnibus Computer Graphics for $ 1.2 million in shares. Layoffs hit the company at the end of 1985 and the following year Ramtek worked out a deal with

670-408: A mallet. If the player successfully destroys the wall in-game, their inmate escapes with others following. A precursor to Breakout was Clean Sweep , released by Ramtek in 1974. In that game, the player uses a paddle to hit a ball up towards a playfield of dots, which disappear as the ball moves through the dots; the goal is to achieve a clean sweep by erasing all the dots. Clean Sweep was one of

737-431: A maximum of 1,344 points if they are adept enough to keep the third ball in play that long. Once the third screen is eliminated, the game is over. The original arcade cabinet of Breakout featured artwork that revealed the game's plot to be that of a prison escape. According to this release, the player is actually playing as one of a prison's inmates attempting to knock a ball and chain into a wall of their prison cell with

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804-499: A much greater relevance. Many modern games no longer keep track of scores, and many no longer feature an option to save or record high scores. However, some games, such as role-playing games , have experience points , skill points , and use money or treasure , which can all be used to buy or upgrade skills and objects. In fighting games , scoring a very high number of points could result in unlockable players or modes. In some games, reaching certain scores gives an extra life , or

871-565: A profit in early 1990. The end of that year, they purchased the English company GEMS, who had an interest in satellite data. Two of Ramtek's officers - Thomas Adams and G. William Theriault - were accused of falsifying the company's revenue between September 1986 to March 1988 through fictitious purchase agreements. The two agreed to a permanent injunction by the SEC, without denial or admittance of guilt. Ramtek subsequently dissolved in 1996. As one of

938-459: A prototype within four days. Bushnell offered the bonus because he disliked how new Atari games required 150 to 170 chips; he knew that Jobs' friend Steve Wozniak , an employee of Hewlett-Packard , had designed a version of Pong that used about 30 chips. Jobs had little specialized knowledge of circuit board design but knew Wozniak was capable of producing designs with a small number of chips. He convinced Wozniak to work with him, promising to split

1005-470: A publicly traded company starting in 1979. In 1981, it was reported Ramtek was the top company in the field of raster graphics display terminals. Ramtek Corporation was founded on September 4, 1971 by engineers Charles McEwan (1935-2006) and John Metzler (1935-1982) as well as lawyer Jack Teeters. The two engineers were veterans of the Western Design Labs (WDL) division of Philco-Ford as well as

1072-489: A significant portion of their manufacturing facilities. A collective effort by around ninety Ramtek employees and their families helped to clear the rubble of the facility, enabling them to build a temporary manufacturing plant to meet orders on their graphics display monitors. Around mid-1976, the company relocated to a new facility on 585 N Mary Ave. in Sunnyvale. In 1977, Ramtek monitors were used by Bendix in their work on

1139-510: A single player game, where the player would use a paddle to maintain a ball that depletes a wall of bricks. Bushnell was certain the game would be popular, and he and Bristow partnered to produce a concept. Al Alcorn was assigned as the Breakout project manager, and he began development with Cyan Engineering in 1975. Bushnell assigned Steve Jobs to design a prototype. Jobs was offered $ 750, with an award for every TTL ( transistor-transistor logic ) chip fewer than 50. Jobs promised to complete

1206-565: A successful public offering in 1978, Ramtek decided to cease production of coin-operated games in 1979 at the urging of their shareholders. Their amusement assets were spun off as Rainbow Games and purchased in 1980 by Meltec, a company created by Mel McEwan, brother of Ramtek co-founder Charles McEwan. Meltec took over the Commercial Street facility as well as the manufacturing and distribution of Boom Ball which became popular for amusement fairs. Meltec continued until 2003 when it

1273-498: A total of 1,650,336 units by 1983. In 1989, Computer and Video Games reviewed the Atari VCS version, giving it a 24% score. In 2021, The Guardian listed Breakout as the fourth greatest video game of the 1970s , below Galaxian , Asteroids and Space Invaders . Breakout was an influential game that had an impact on the video game and computer industries. Breakout spawned an entire genre of clones. Ten years later,

1340-561: Is a cartoon titled High Score . There is also a book entitled High Score! The Illustrated History of Electronic Games . A 2007 documentary, The King of Kong: A Fistful of Quarters , follows the attempts to beat the high score in Donkey Kong . In an episode of the TV series Seinfeld , George is astonished to find that the Frogger machine he played as a teen still retains his high score. With

1407-435: Is usually the highest logged point value. Many games will have a list of several high scores, called the high score table or leaderboard . The concept of a high score first achieved cultural significance with the rise in popularity of pinball machines and electro-mechanical arcade games . Players who achieve a high score are often greeted with a congratulatory message and are able to enter their initials or name into

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1474-555: The Apple II computer. He said: "A lot of features of the Apple II went in because I had designed Breakout for Atari. I had designed it in hardware. I wanted to write it in software now". This included his design of color graphics circuitry, the addition of game paddle support and sound, and graphics commands in Integer BASIC , with which he wrote Brick Out , a software clone of his own hardware game. Wozniak said in 1984: Basically, all

1541-535: The Atari Jaguar adds a 3D playfield and additional features. A 3D Breakout -inspired game was published simply as Breakout in 2000 for the PC and PlayStation by Hasbro Interactive 's Atari Interactive subsidiary. In 2011, Atari S.A. released an updated version of Breakout as Breakout Boost . The chief difference is the addition of improved graphics, power-ups, and unique brick types. Another enhanced version of

1608-792: The Intel 4040 microprocessor. The machine failed to function properly and despite a closed door showing was never released. In 1975 Ramtek purchased the company Micro Machines from Larry Krummel and commercialized the MM 80, an in-circuit emulator of the Intel 8080 microprocessor for development purposes. Their first microprocessor-based video game, Trivia (1975), became the basis for an early shared hardware platform for arcade game releases. Subsequently, Ramtek started building their graphics terminals with integrated microprocessors and began an internal software group. In November 1975, Ramtek's main facility at 290 Commercial Ave. in Sunnyvale caught fire and damaged

1675-453: The Viking space program and later by UCSC professor Ralph Abraham on an advanced mathematical project. Though Ramtek remained very successful in the coin-operated video game market, with 10,000 units sold in their first year and a half of operation and 20,000 in its first three years making them one of the most successful video game companies of the time, they did not enjoy the volatility of

1742-406: The computer graphics division of Data Disc, Inc. , and founded Ramtek to create devices for displaying information from computer systems. Their major business was in medical monitors , as well as creating high-end graphical terminals for industrial and academic use. In 1973, they became one of the earliest manufacturers of video games , and manufactured coin-operated games until 1979. They became

1809-901: The 1990s, all performances would have to be videotaped to verify the achievement. The high score also exists in online games in various forms. The spread of the Internet has made it possible to compete with the rest of the world, rather than the players of a single machine or game. Many modern games have the ability to post his/her high score to a central webpage. Online multiplayer games, especially first person shooters , real time strategies , and role-playing video games often have ranking systems. These new high score lists and ranking systems often are more complex than conventional high score lists. Some are based on tournaments, while others track game servers continuously, keeping statistics for all players. Some games include default "high scores" that do not actually represent real players, but are displayed whenever

1876-561: The John Deere engineer has demonstrated ability to run Breakout game on a competitive tractor monitor using ISO 11789-6 standard. In October 1976, the annual RePlay chart listed Breakout as the fifth highest-earning arcade video game of 1976 in the United States, below Midway Manufacturing 's Sea Wolf , Gun Fight , and Wheels , and Atari's Indy 800 . Breakout was later the third highest-earning arcade video game of 1977 in

1943-524: The Microworld is an autobiography by David Sudnow detailing his obsession with Breakout . Sudnow describes studying the game's mechanics, visiting the manufacturer in Silicon Valley , and interviewing the programmers. The first-generation iPod Classic had an Easter egg where holding down the center button for a few seconds in the "About" menu caused Breakout to appear. On the 37th anniversary of

2010-408: The SEC to establish a public offering to repay debt. After a significant restatement in 1988, Charles McEwan was moved from CEO and President to Chairman of the corporation. Former Vice President and General Counsel James Swanson took his position as President and later that year announced the company was entering Chapter 11 bankruptcy. They managed to escape bankruptcy protection in 1989 and posted

2077-521: The US, below Sea Wolf and Sprint 2 , and the fifth highest-earning arcade video game of 1978 in the US. Breakout had a total arcade production run of 11,000 cabinets manufactured by Atari, estimated to have generated over $ 11 million ( $ 59 million adjusted for inflation) in sales revenue. Breakout was also a commercial success for Namco in Japan. On the first annual Game Machine arcade chart, Breakout

Breakout (video game) - Misplaced Pages Continue

2144-436: The ball has broken through the red row and hit the upper wall. Ball speed increases at specific intervals: after four hits, after twelve hits, and after making contact with the orange and red rows. The highest score achievable for one player is 896; this is done by eliminating two screens of bricks worth 448 points per screen. Once the second screen of bricks is destroyed, the ball in play harmlessly bounces off empty walls until

2211-402: The business. They branched out into electro-mechanical games starting with Horoscope (1976) and continued to compete in video games. Though their non-video game output became more elaborate and advanced with games like Boom Ball (1977) and GT Roadster (1979), they fell behind in the video game market which became more competitive and technology-driven in the latter years of the 1970s. After

2278-490: The company undercapitalized. The company attempted expansion into lower scale markets with black and white visual displays and they acquired venture capital from the likes of Exxon , but found their break in the coin-operated video game industry. Friend of Charles McEwan and later Ramtek CFO Tom Adams was co-owner of Sunnyvale bar Andy Capp's Tavern, where the video game Pong was first location tested by Atari . A group of Ramtek engineers including Pete Kauffman played

2345-401: The concept found new legs with Taito 's 1986 Arkanoid , which itself spawned dozens of imitators. In Japan, the genre is known as block kuzushi ("block breaker") games. Breakout was also the basis and inspiration for certain aspects of the Apple II personal computer and Taito 's arcade shoot 'em up game Space Invaders (1978). Breakout directly influenced Wozniak's design for

2412-405: The deal. In 1982, they minted a deal with Digital Equipment Corporation to sell graphics systems based on their VAX line of computers. They likewise signed an OEM deal with Control Data Corporation to provide components for their workstation line. The company's focus on the high-end business market led them not to participate in the microcomputer boom of the early 1980s. They did create

2479-404: The earliest companies involved in video games, Ramtek were important pioneers in shaping the technology of the video game industry. Among their influential games include Clean Sweep (1974) which presaged Atari's Breakout (1976), Knockout (1974) that started the ball-and-paddle pinball craze, Baseball (1974) one of the earliest video games with articulated human characters, and Trivia (1975)

2546-414: The fee evenly between them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Wozniak had no sketches and instead interpreted the game from its description. To save parts, he had "tricky little designs". Near the end of development, Wozniak considered moving the high score to the screen's top, but Jobs claimed Bushnell wanted it at the bottom; Wozniak was unaware of any truth to his claims. The original deadline

2613-573: The first video game quiz machine . Several employees from Ramtek went on to join Exidy , one of the most consequential early game developers of the 1970s. Ramtek's RM-3300 terminal appeared in the television show Buck Rogers in the 25th Century . High score In games , score refers to an abstract quantity associated with a player or team. Score is usually measured in the abstract unit of points (except in game shows , where scores often are instead measured in units of currency ), and events in

2680-750: The game at this location and were convinced that it would be lucrative to create electronic games for the coin-operated market. Charles McEwan also later claimed to have known Atari co-founder Nolan Bushnell who approved of the competition. John Metzler headed the development of Ramtek's first game, Volly , a variant of Pong released in the first wave of commercial video games in March 1973. Ramtek contacted local coin-op distributors in California and found an enthusiastic partner in Rowe International who ordered 2,500 Volly cabinets. With two subsequent games in

2747-466: The game can raise or lower the score of different parties. Most games with score use it as a quantitative indicator of success in the game, and in competitive games, a goal is often made of attaining a better score than one's opponents in order to win. In video games that feature scoring, points are usually an optional, side component of gaming. Players may achieve points through normal gameplay, but their score will often not have an immediate relevance to

Breakout (video game) - Misplaced Pages Continue

2814-540: The game features were put in just so I could show off the game I was familiar with— Breakout —at the Homebrew Computer Club . It was the most satisfying day of my life [when] I demonstrated Breakout —totally written in BASIC. It seemed like a huge step to me. After designing hardware arcade games, I knew that being able to program them in BASIC was going to change the world. Tomohiro Nishikado cited Breakout as

2881-533: The game has been announced for release exclusively on the Intellivision Amico . A revamped version of the game titled, Breakout: Recharged , was released on February 10, 2022, for Nintendo Switch , PlayStation 4 , PlayStation 5 , Xbox One , Xbox Series X/S , Microsoft Windows and Atari VCS as part of the Atari Recharged series. It was developed by Adamvision Studios and SneakyBox. Pilgrim in

2948-445: The game itself. Instead, playing to beat a "high score" set by the game program, another player or oneself becomes an extra challenge, adding replay value . In modern gaming, the presence of a score is not as ubiquitous as it was in the past. During the era of arcade games , when, because of the technical limitations of the time, games could not be "won" or "completed" but were instead endless cycles of continuous gameplay , points had

3015-526: The game's release, Google released a secret version of Breakout accessible by typing "atari breakout" in Google Images . The image thumbnails form the breakout bricks, turn different colors, and after a ball and paddle appear the game begins. Ramtek (company) Ramtek Corporation was a California-based manufacturer of computer display terminals founded in 1971. Co-founders Charles E. McEwan and John W. Metzler had previously worked together at

3082-408: The gameplay to be the same as his original creation and could not find any differences. The arcade cabinet uses a black and white monitor , but the monitor has strips of colored cellophane placed over it so that the bricks appear to be in color. A software version of Breakout was written for the Atari 2600 by Brad Stewart. The game was published in 1978, but with only six rows of bricks, and

3149-426: The growing production line as the weight of the circuit boards caused the supports inside to break. Once the game was licensed to Midway Mfg. and retooled as Ball Park (1975), it became a hit for the company. Starting in 1974, Ramtek began to seriously explore the potential of microprocessor devices. An internal team assisted by consultant Ray Holt created a prototype pinball machine called Lucky Dice based on

3216-541: The high score made it nearly ubiquitous and a defining feature for many games. Magazines such as Nintendo Power and Sega Visions would often publish high scores submitted by their readers. The high score became most popular when, starting in 1982, the Twin Galaxies Scoreboard began to appear in the pages of Video Games Magazine, Joystik Magazine , Computer Games Magazine , VideoGiochi Magazine, Video Games Player Magazine and Electronic Fun Magazine. Later, in

3283-517: The high score positions on a Ms. Pac-Man machine. He then finds out that they are not blanked when the machine is reset, so he has to break all his high scores to remove the offending words. (This is not possible on an actual Ms. Pac-Man machine; such machines only record one high score and do not allow the winning player to enter initials.) According to the Twin Galaxies Intergalactic Scoreboard, "high-score" attempts enjoyed as much press coverage as any other video game–related topic reported in

3350-446: The highest score. In December 1978, Exidy 's Star Fire allowed the player to save their name as initials next to their high score. Since this data was stored in the machine's RAM , it was deleted every time the machine lost power, which in practice would almost invariably happen every night as operators preferred to leave the machines unplugged when the arcade was closed to avoid incurring unnecessary power costs. The popularity of

3417-543: The machine's memory is reset, often with generic initials such as "AAA." These scores often represent certain levels of achievement for a player to aspire to, ensuring that there is always something for players to compete with. Many video games also have default high scores built in, sometimes attributed to fictitious entities (e.g. Commander Keen ) or to members of the game's development team. The high score's prominence in video game culture and even mainstream society has led to various pieces of art and entertainment. There

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3484-411: The machine. Their score and name will remain there until someone "knocks" them off the high score list by achieving a higher score. For this reason, high scores are inherently competitive and may sometimes involve one-upmanship against other players. The high score has a close association to the "free game." When in an arcade, many games will offer a player a free chance at another game if they achieve

3551-486: The media during the 1982–1985 period. Though the media was often focused on the amazing growth of the video game industry, it was equally as fascinated with the human side of gaming, as typified by the "player vs. machine" showdowns that led to new world record high scores set on nearly a daily basis. In fact, Twin Galaxies reports that during that early era it was not unusual for there to be multiple new world records reported in

3618-444: The medical field due to the interest of Johns Hopkins University , creating a medical diagnostic device which utilized scintillation cameras to provide medical imaging. Despite the growth of the computer graphics market in the early 1970s, Ramtek initially found it difficult to survive off of contracts from high-end corporations. Payment for high-end graphic terminals was frequently on terms of 90 or 120 days until payment, leaving

3685-535: The original inspiration behind his hit Space Invaders (1978). He wanted to adapt the same sense of achievement and tension from destroying targets one at a time for a shooting game . The success of the game resulted in Super Breakout ' s release in 1978. It contains three separate game modes. The home ports include Breakout as a fourth mode, using the Super Breakout visual style. Breakout 2000 for

3752-421: The owners wanting to get rid of it, George decides to keep the machine for posterity, the catch being that he has to move the game without unplugging it, because if he unplugs the game the high score will be erased. Unfortunately, the machine is destroyed when he unsuccessfully tries to move it across the street in a spoof of the gameplay . On September 24, 2005, Twin Galaxies issued Poster #59, which publicized

3819-582: The player is given five turns to clear two walls instead of three. In the Breakthru variant, the ball does not bounce off of the bricks but continues through them until it hits the wall. Atari had this term trademarked and used it in addition to Breakout to describe gameplay, especially in look-alike games and remakes. Atari's 1977 dedicated Video Pinball console includes a Breakout game. On March 16, 2005, during ISOBus plugfest in Lincoln Nebraska,

3886-403: The player restarts the game, as no additional screens are provided. However, a secret way to score beyond the 896 maximum is to play the game in two-player mode. If "Player One" completes the first screen on their third and last ball, then immediately and deliberately allows the ball to "drain", Player One's second screen is transferred to "Player Two" as a third screen, allowing Player Two to score

3953-692: The same vein, Hockey and Soccer , the company firmly established itself in the nascent market for video games. While maintaining their graphics terminal business, the company threw its weight behind the coin-operated industry including a partnership in Canada. The company's success with video games brought several changes. Pete Kauffman left the company in late 1973 to start his own video game manufacturer, Exidy Inc. , who later recruited many former Ramtek engineers including co-founder John Metzler and Howell Ivy, who created games such as Clean Sweep (1974) and Baseball (1974). Baseball initially caused problems for

4020-512: The top ten best-selling arcade video games of 1974 and sold a total of 3,500 arcade cabinets . Breakout , a discrete logic (non- microprocessor ) game, was designed by Nolan Bushnell, Steve Jobs, and Steve Bristow, all three of whom were involved with Atari and its Kee Games subsidiary. Atari produced innovative video games using the Pong hardware as a means of competition against companies making " Pong clones". Bushnell wanted to turn Pong into

4087-641: The video terminal division of Data Disc, Inc. Seeking to capitalize on the growing market for digital CRT displays, they established Ramtek at 1000 Elwell Court in Palo Alto , California. The company recruited other members of the Data Disc terminal business to join them as well as Charles' brother Melvin McEwan. They introduced their first two commercial products, the GX-100 and GX-200 raster terminals in early 1972. They entered

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4154-425: The walls and/or the paddle below to hit the ball against the bricks and eliminate them. If the player's paddle misses the ball's rebound, they will lose a turn. The player has three turns to try to clear two screens of bricks. Yellow bricks earn one point each, green bricks earn three points, orange bricks earn five points and the top-level red bricks score seven points each. The paddle shrinks to one-half its size after

4221-523: The work was copyrightable. Atari was unable to use Wozniak's design. By designing the board with as few chips as possible, he made the design difficult to manufacture; it was too compact and complicated to be feasible with Atari's manufacturing methods. However, Wozniak claims Atari could not understand the design and speculates "maybe some engineer there was trying to make some kind of modification to it". Atari ended up designing their own version for production, which contained about 100 TTL chips. Wozniak found

4288-437: Was met after Wozniak worked at Atari four nights straight, doing some additional designs while at his day job at Hewlett-Packard. This equated to a bonus of $ 5,000, which Jobs kept secret from Wozniak. Wozniak has stated he only received payment of $ 350; he believed for years that Atari had promised $ 700 for a design using fewer than 50 chips, and $ 1000 for fewer than 40, stating in 1984 that "we only got 700 bucks for it". Wozniak

4355-496: Was sold to Bay Tek Games. Once publicly traded, Ramtek devoted itself entirely to its high-end computer graphics market. In 1980 the company switched its primary mode of graphics display from vector to raster. It purchased assets from Omtron Electronics Inc. revolving around display terminals for $ 1.6 million in 1979. In 1980 it signed a deal with Ikegami Tsushinki to sell Ramtek products in Japan. Loral Corp. announced intentions to acquire Ramtek in 1981, but ultimately called off

4422-559: Was the engineer, and Jobs was the breadboarder and tester. Wozniak's original design used 42 chips; the final, working breadboard he and Jobs delivered to Atari used 44, but Wozniak said: "We were so tired we couldn't cut it down". The simplicity of the game created a problem when the copyright filing was denied because it "did not contain at least a minimum amount of original pictorial or graphic authorship, or authorship in sounds" and Atari appealed. In Atari Games Corp. v. Oman , then Court of Appeals Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg found that

4489-521: Was the fourth highest-grossing arcade video game of 1976 in Japan, below Taito's Ball Park ( Tornado Baseball ) and Speed Race DX and Sega 's Heavyweight Champ . The following year, Breakout was Japan's third highest-grossing arcade game of 1977, below only two racing games , Namco's electro-mechanical game F-1 and Taito's video game Speed Race DX . In total, Breakout sold 15,000 arcade units worldwide by 1981. The Atari 2600 version sold 256,265 units in 1980. Breakout went on to sell

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