John Barbee Minor (June 2, 1813 – July 29, 1895) was an American jurist and slaveowner . He practiced law in Virginia and then taught at the University of Virginia School of Law for fifty years. His students achieved eminence in professional or public lives. Some referred to his teaching career as not only the longest but the ablest known to Anglo-Saxon jurisprudence , and one declared that "he has exerted, and still indirectly exerts, a wider influence for good upon society in the United States than any man who has lived in this generation."
81-502: Minor was born in Louisa County, Virginia on June 2, 1813, to Launcelot Minor and Mary Overton Tompkins. Reportedly, he was considered a weakling at sixteen, but endured a long, horseback journey through the state as a newspaper agent and collector and then walked to Ohio , where he entered Kenyon College . Two of his classmates there became prominent: David Davis , who became United States Senator , United States Judge, and administered
162-610: A Bachelor's degree before admission to a J.D. program to study law for three years. A research dissertation is not required for the J.D., but the American Bar Association issued a Council Statement stating that the J.D. should be considered equivalent to the Ph.D. for educational employment purposes. In recent years, some universities also have developed other new interdisciplinary professional doctorates that may combine law and other specialized or applied fields. One example of this
243-412: A thesis prepared by the doctoral candidate under the supervision of a tutor. The thesis must be examined by a board of five professors, holders of the title of doctor or of a livre docência . Two of the members of the board must be professors from another institution. In most Brazilian Law Schools, the candidates are also required to earn a minimum number of credits. Unlike the rules of other countries,
324-405: A 13,000-acre (53 km ) artificial lake , and the associated North Anna Nuclear Generating Station were built by Virginia Power in the 1970s. In recent years the predominantly rural county has grown because of retirees ' settling near Lake Anna, and because of its convenient location for commuters . It is an hour's drive or less from Richmond , Fredericksburg and Charlottesville . For
405-422: A D.C.L ( Doctor of Civil Law ). The differences largely reflect the divide between Canada's two legal systems (the common law and the civil law ). Faculties that teach in the civil law tradition grant LL.D degrees, whereas those in the common law tradition grant either Ph.D.s or J.S.Ds. The York University Ph.D. in law was formerly termed Doctor of Jurisprudence (D.Jur.), until the name was changed in 2002. In
486-457: A Doctor of Law. In France, the Doctor of Law degree ( doctorat en droit ) is a PhD ( diplôme national de doctorat ). It entitles the holder to the title of doctor ( docteur ), abbreviated as Dr . It lasts a minimum of three years, but in fact takes an average of five or six years to complete. The PhD in law is required to teach at the university level as a maître de conférences (approximate to
567-478: A Master of Laws course and a Doctor of Laws course in immediate succession, that person would become a doctor about seven years (five in current trend) after graduating from the Law School. On the other hand, in the rare cases in which a bachelor of Laws is allowed to pursue a "direct" doctorate, he is usually allowed five (four in current trend) years time to complete the doctoral course. Sometimes however, depending on
648-481: A PhD in law will add the title after their Mr. title (Mr. Dr. Anyone), while a person with an LLM title gaining a PhD in a different discipline (e.g. economics) will add the Dr title before their law master title (Dr. Mr. Someone). In South Africa the doctorate in law is offered as a research doctorate of at least two years duration, in various specialised areas of law. In general, South African universities offer either
729-430: A capacity and title of Docent (Doc.), similar to German Dozent , Privatdozent or US assistant professor . Docent is not a degree, but a scholar's title. Only a docent can be appointed a professor through a special procedure. Unlike Germany (and unlike the traditional Czech practice), a professor is not a function (a seat, Cathedra) at a university, but a scholarly title. This leads to many problems, especially
810-524: A certified lawyer after completing the requirements as regulated in Indonesian Law Number 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates but it is not permissible for someone with the status of a civil servant, member of the military, police, prosecutor, judge or state official. In Italy, the title of "Magister Doctor of Law" ( Dottore magistrale in Giurisprudenza ) is the title given to students who complete
891-512: A discussion and additional information on Louisa County history, see: Louisa County Historical Notes . The U.S. Geological Survey reported that a magnitude 5.8 earthquake hit Virginia on Tuesday, August 23, 2011, at 1:51 PM EST. The quake occurred at an approximate depth of 3.7 miles and was centered in Louisa County (location at 37.944°N, 77.942°W), 5 miles SSW of Mineral and 38 miles NW of Richmond . According to Associated Press, "Shaking
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#1733085087490972-462: A dissertation, which serves as an original contribution to the scholarly field of law. The S.J.D. degree is primarily a degree pursued by foreign-trained lawyers who seek to teach in the United States. Few American-trained lawyers pursue an S.J.D. as it is not required for obtaining a faculty position at a U.S. law school. The overwhelming majority of U.S. law school tenure-track faculty have only
1053-486: A distinct form of lawyer who were empowered to act as advocates in civil law courts. The Doctors had their own Society called Doctors' Commons , but following reforms in the nineteenth century their exclusive rights of audience were shared with barristers, and the last member of the college died in 1912. Due to the possession of a doctorate, the Doctors of Law had precedence equal to that of a Serjeant-at-Law and for this reason
1134-434: A doctoral degree). In Canada, there are several academic law-related doctorates: the Doctor of Laws (LL.D.); Doctor of Juridical Science or Doctor of Legal Science (J.S.D./S.J.D); Doctor of Civil Law (D.C.L.); and the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.). The Doctor of Jurisprudence (Juris Doctor or J.D.) is the professional doctorate degree that is usually required for admissions to post-graduate studies in law. The first law degree
1215-459: A doctoral degree. However, the Doctor of Laws is still only the first step to tenure at German law schools. Despite the initiative to establish a junior professorship with tenure option after five to seven years, and special professorships specializing in teaching ( Lehrprofessur ), to become a university professor of law a habilitation ( de iure not an academic degree) is still mandatory at most German law schools. In Indonesia, Doctor of Law
1296-490: A doctoral dissertation. The dissertation usually takes the form of a monograph at least of 250 pages in length, or of a series of published articles. A successful oral disputation is also required. It usually takes at least four years to complete the degree. The degree of the Doctor of Laws does not qualify its holder for judicial offices. Instead, the degree of the Master of Laws ( Finnish : Oikeustieteen maisteri ; Swedish uses
1377-402: A household in the county was $ 39,402, and the median income for a family was $ 44,722. Males had a median income of $ 31,764 versus $ 24,826 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 19,479. About 7.10% of families and 10.20% of the population were below the poverty line , including 13.00% of those under age 18 and 12.50% of those age 65 or over. Although the county's 2008 population
1458-416: A module in research methodology , the submission of a research proposal and an oral examination . The thesis will demonstrate evidence of in-depth independent research and understanding of the topic, and constitute an original scientific contribution. Admission is usually on the basis of an LLM , and in some cases an LLB . In Sweden , the Doctor of Laws (LLD) is the highest academic degree in law. It
1539-669: A national movement among numerous young people to "get back to the land" and live in more simple ways based in community. Louisa is also home to the Acorn Community , a rural, cooperative, income sharing community on about 80 acres, founded in 1993 by one of the founding members of Twin Oaks, Kat Kincade. Another newly forming community as of 2011 is the Living Energy Farm , a 'neo- Amish ' farm, where no fossil fuels will be used but new technologies such as solar will be embraced. Lake Anna ,
1620-503: A newly qualified lawyer was to self-stylise as 'Doctor' they would be supported, as a matter of convention. The Netherlands does not distinguish doctorates between disciplines. A legal scholar pursuing a doctorate will receive the PhD degree. For holders of a master in law (LLM) in Dutch indicated with Mr., the Dr. title can be added to their title. Unique to law degrees is that a legal scholar with
1701-448: A portfolio of advanced research. It is also often awarded honoris causa to public figures (typically those associated with politics or the law) whom the university wishes to honour. In most British universities, the degree is styled "Doctor of Laws" and abbreviated LLD; however, some universities award instead the degree of Doctor of Civil Law, abbreviated DCL, or Doctor of Law, still abbreviated LLD. In former years, Doctors of Law were
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#17330850874901782-416: A postgraduate course to attain the degree of Master of Laws (to attain that degree one must write and defend a dissertation before a panel of three professors, bearing the title of master, doctor or a "livre docência, and also complete credits), and only then, after being a Master of Laws, one will apply for admission to a doctoral course. There are, however, a few universities that allow "direct" admission to
1863-472: A traditional and popular badge degree, especially useful for attorneys. In older times with no master's degree, JUDr. served as the only law degree; it was roughly equivalent to today's master's degree, plus a special exam. Requirements for obtaining a JUDr degree are a highly rated Master (Mgr.) degree in law, the compilation of a thesis – including successful defense – and passing an oral exam called Rigorosum . The thesis itself
1944-450: Is "intended for individuals who have demonstrated evidence of superior scholarly potential." The National Association of Legal Professionals states that the S.J.D./D.J.S. is "the most advanced or terminal law degree that would follow the earning of the LL.M. and J.D. degrees." It typically requires three to five years to complete and requires an advanced study in law as a scientific discipline and
2025-453: Is Northeastern University's Doctor of Law and Policy (D.L.P.) degree. Additionally, other universities award a higher postdoctoral research degree in law, the Doctor of Juridical Science (or Scientiae Juridicae Doctor), abbreviated as S.J.D. or D.J.S. Applicants for S.J.D. programs must first earn a J.D., and some programs require both a J.D. and an LL.M. before admission. Similar to the Ph.D.,
2106-551: Is a research degree, which combines 240 credit hours (or equivalent of four full-time years of work). Candidates have the option to complete a dissertation or a monograph of a series of published articles. Although not required to practice law, the LLD is a prerequisite for an academic career. In the UK , the degree of Doctor of Laws is a higher doctorate , ranking above the PhD , awarded upon submission of
2187-536: Is also sometimes called Rigorosum . Many JUDr. theses were based on the students' previous Master theses; however, nowadays universities require that the dissertation work be completely original. Doctoral studies leading to PhD degree are different from the JUDr exam. Internally undertaken PhD studies last 3–5 years; the PhD student is at the same time a teacher at the university. External PhD studies may be up to 8 years long. PhD students are obliged to pass some exams during
2268-440: Is an undergraduate degree that of itself is not sufficient for admission into any of the legal professions. A one-year full-time taught post-graduate diploma of Notary Public (N.P.) is required after the LL.B. for admission to the profession of notary public , while a taught post-graduate diploma of Legal Procurator (L.P.) is required for admission to the profession of legal procurator . A legal procurator has rights of audience in
2349-699: Is awarded by several universities only as an honorary degree , but when awarded by a law school is an earned degree). Of the universities in Canada that offer earned academic doctorates in law, four (University of Ottawa, University of Montreal, Laval University, and University of Quebec at Montreal) offer LL.Ds, five (University of Alberta, University of British Columbia, Osgoode Hall Law School of York University, Dalhousie University, and University of Victoria) offer Ph.D.s, only one (University of Toronto, ) offers J.S.D./S.J.D degrees (Doctor of Juridical Science or Doctor of Legal Science), and one (McGill University) offers
2430-535: Is believed to have been the first summer law school in the country. This became widely popular, enrolling more than a hundred students. In addition to his Institutes , Minor published in 1850, The Virginia Reports, 1799-1800, and in 1894 , the elaborate, Exposition of the Law of Crimes and Punishments, which long remained in general use. For his eminent attainments, Minor received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from both Washington and Lee and from Columbia . On
2511-414: Is conferred based on a thesis consisting of a suitable body of original academic research, and an oral examination ( Rigorosum or Disputation ). The thesis must have been published as a book or – less common – as a series of articles in a peer-reviewed law journal before the degree can be formally conferred. Admission usually requires the grade of "Fully Satisfactory" (approximately top quintile of class) in
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2592-604: Is distinguished in the German academic system. The Doctor of Both Laws ( Doktor beider Rechte ), awarded as Dr. iur. utr. ( Doctor iuris utriusque , conferred e.g. in Würzburg) is rare, since it means considering both the secular law of the Civil Law system and Canonical Law . A doctorate solely in the latter area is the degree of Dr. iur. can. ( Doctor iuris canonici ). Approximately ten percent of German law graduates hold
2673-435: Is known as Doktor Hukum and is the highest academic level in legal education. The writing of the title is simply abbreviated as Dr., as also applies to fields of education other than Law. Concentration in the field of law according to the choice concerned, for example Constitutional Law, Civil Law, Criminal Law. International Law or more specifically, for example Business Law, Marriage Law, Transportation Law, Labor Law, etc. In
2754-585: Is land and 15 square miles (39 km ) (2.9%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 25,627 people, 9,945 households, and 7,259 families residing in the county. The population density was 52 people per square mile (20 people/km ). There were 11,855 housing units at an average density of 24 units per square mile (9.3 units/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 50.96% White , 46.58% Black or African American , 0.42% Native American , 0.25% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 0.18% from other races , and 1.01% from two or more races. 0.71% of
2835-561: Is only 31,000, it is one of the fastest-growing in Virginia , as people have moved near Lake Anna . At least 15 new housing developments have sprouted in five years. 37°59′N 77°58′W / 37.99°N 77.96°W / 37.99; -77.96 Doctor of Laws A Doctor of Law is a doctorate in legal studies . Other variations of a doctorate in law include Doctor of Juridical Science , Juris Doctor , Doctor of Philosophy in Law, and Legum Doctor . In Argentina
2916-399: Is the highest academic degree in law available. In a few universities there is a higher title known as livre docência , like the habilitation in some European countries. However, this higher title is not a degree in the strict sense, because livre docência nowadays is an internal title, that applies solely within the institution granting it. In the past, livre docência was a degree in
2997-481: The Czech Republic and Slovakia the Doctor is a postgraduate degree in two types – as a professional degree in law (JUDr) and a research doctorate (PhD). JUDr, Juris Utriusque Doctor (' Doctor of Both Laws ' i.e. Civil [secular] and Church [Canon] laws) is a degree with a tradition of several centuries, originally the highest possible degree. Nowadays, its scholarly importance is quite limited, but it serves as
3078-557: The Latin : Juris magister ) is the requirement for the membership of the Finnish Bar Association and for judicial offices. As the doctoral programs for the doctoral degree are, in principle, open for the holders of all master's degrees, the possession of the degree of the Doctor of Laws is not a guarantee for the possession of the Master of Laws degree. However, it is very seldom that someone who has not graduated in law graduates for
3159-470: The PhD or the LLD , with no significant difference between these. (At UCT , UKZN and Wits , the PhD is the research doctorate, while the LLD is the higher doctorate ; SU and UWC offer the LLD to law graduates, and the PhD to other graduates researching a legal-related topic). In order to obtain the degree, the student will complete a thesis under the guidance of a supervisor, after completion of
3240-738: The Tutelo , the Monacan , and the Manahoac peoples, who eventually fled to join the Cayuga Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) people in New York state under pressure from English settlers. Louisa County was established in 1742 from Hanover County . The county is named for Princess Louise of Great Britain , youngest daughter of King George II , and wife of King Frederick V of Denmark . Patrick Henry lived for some time in Louisa County on Roundabout Creek in 1764. Henry
3321-460: The University of Malta , Malta's national university. At least three years of previous law study were required for entry. Students were required to complete coursework in a number of core areas of law, as well as to submit a thesis which is to be "an original work on the approved subject or other contribution to the knowledge showing that he/she has carried out sufficient research therein". It confers
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3402-519: The University of Oxford , award a Doctor of Civil Law degree instead. In South Africa the LL.D. is awarded based upon research and completion of a dissertation; the LL.D. may also be awarded as an honorary degree based upon contributions to society; see South Africa , below . In Finland , the Doctor of Laws ( Finnish : Oikeustieteen tohtori , OTT; Swedish : Juris doktor , JD) is the highest academic degree in law, based on 60 credits of course studies and, most importantly, successful completion of
3483-459: The Brazilian norms governing the grant of doctoral titles do not require the publication of the thesis as a precondition for the award of the degree. Nevertheless, copies of the thesis must be delivered to the institution's library. Usually, doctoral thesis are published by specialized editors after the grant of the doctoral title. If one obtains a doctoral title in a foreign country, one cannot enjoy
3564-653: The Doctor of Laws or Doctor of Juridical Sciences is the highest academic qualification in the field of Jurisprudence. To obtain the doctoral degree the applicant must have previously achieved, at least the undergraduate degree of Attorney . (Título de Abogado). The doctorates in Jurisprudence in Argentina might have different denominations as is described as follow: In Brazil, the Doctor of Laws degree, known in Portuguese as Doutor em Direito or Doutor em Ciências Jurídicas ,
3645-438: The German docent , British reader or Commonwealth systems' associate professor ). To become Professor of Law , holders of a PhD in law have to meet additional requirements such as passing an additional competitive exam: the agrégation de droit . Only the first year ("master" 1 or maîtrise ) of the master's degree in law is necessary to pass the bar exam, but, from 2025, a master's degree will be compulsory for admission to
3726-626: The Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree rather than the LL.B.; the University of Saskatchewan replaced its LL.B. with a J.D. in 2010, because the Canadian LL.B. is equivalent to the J.D. All Canadian J.D. programs are three years, and all (except those in Quebec ) have similar mandatory first-year courses: In "public", "constitutional," or "state" law; tort law ; contract law ; criminal law , and some sort of " professional practice " course. Beyond first year and
3807-517: The S.J.D. is a research doctorate and has been described as the "highest degree in law" by the University of Virginia, as well as the "terminal degree in law" by Indiana University and the "most advanced law degree" by Harvard Law School. It has also been called the "most advanced law degree" by Yale Law School, Georgetown Law, New York University, and Stanford University. The University of Connecticut School of Law explains that this specific degree
3888-481: The United States and a justice of the United States Supreme Court. Future president Woodrow Wilson studied law under Minor in 1879. Professor Minor continued to inspire and impress for fifty years until his death, July 29, 1895. He is buried at the University of Virginia cemetery. Of his monumental Institutes of Common and Statute Law, Senator Daniel said: "It cannot be surpassed as a vade mecum of
3969-514: The academic privileges of the title in Brazil unless the title be first validated by a Brazilian University. In that case, the doctor asking for the validation of the title will present his thesis and other documents relating to his foreign doctoral course to a board examiners of the Brazilian University and the examiners will then pass judgement on whether the work done by the candidate adheres to
4050-585: The bar after passing the bar exam. The Doctor of Laws ( Doktor der Rechte ) is the terminal degree in law, abbreviated as Dr. iur. ( Doctor iuris ) or Dr. jur. ( Doctor juris ). The terminology varies: while most universities refer to the degree as Doctor of Laws ( Doktor der Rechte [pl.], e.g. Munich , Münster , Berlin (HU) , Cologne , Tübingen , Göttingen ), some others refer to it either as Doctor of Jurisprudence ( Doktor der Rechtswissenschaft , e.g. Heidelberg , Hamburg ) or Doctor of Law ( Doktor des Rechts [sing.], e.g. Berlin (FU) ). It
4131-549: The convention remains that advocates holding junior doctorates (such as Doctors of Philosophy) should not be addressed as "doctor" in an English court. In 1953, a case was brought under long-dormant law in the High Court of Chivalry . The opening arguments in that case were by George Drewry Squibb who argued, to the satisfaction of the court, that since the modern class of Doctors of Laws were no longer trained as advocates, their role must necessarily be performed by barristers. This
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#17330850874904212-530: The doctoral course without previous completion of the Master's course in exceptional circumstances. Thus, in rare cases, a bachelor of Laws (i.e., a holder of the first professional degree), can be admitted directly to a doctoral course. Usually, one is allowed three years time to complete a Master of Laws degree, and four years time to complete the doctoral course. There has been a shift towards shortening these periods to two and three years respectively. So, if one were to graduate from Law School and immediately enter
4293-579: The education system in Indonesia, the Doctor of Law degree is included in Strata (Level) 3 and is pursued after completing Masters (Strata 2-post graduate) and Bachelor of Law (Strata 1-undergraduate) education. Graduates of the Strata 2 program in the field of Law are called Magister Hukum - M.H (Masters of Laws) and graduates of the Strata 1 program are called Sarjana Hukum - S.H (Bachelors of Laws). Everyone with Bachelors of Laws degree holder may apply to be
4374-532: The estate of President Lincoln ; and Edwin M. Stanton became Secretary of War under Lincoln. Afterwards Minor walked through Ohio and New York, for health and recreation, and, having reached home, entered the University of Virginia in January 1831, where he was a student for three sessions, "graduating in several schools", and received the Bachelor of Law degree in 1834, at twenty-one. He later married Martha Macon Davis,
4455-476: The fiftieth anniversary as a teacher of the law the University Law Alumni presented him with a life-size marble bust, mounted upon a polished pedestal bearing these impressive words: "He taught the law and the reason thereof." James Russell Lowell wrote his obituary, claiming Minor had signed more law diplomas than anyone in the country's history. Minor Hall, occupied by the law school from 1911 to 1932,
4536-608: The five-year Laurea magistrale degree. Despite the adoption of the Bologna process , in Italy law remains a field that retains the traditional Italian system. Once a prospective lawyer has been awarded the Magister Doctor of Law and worked 18 months as a trainee lawyer, he or she is required to pass a state bar examination in order to be licensed to practice as an attorney at law ( Avvocato ). Previously, dottore in giurisprudenza
4617-410: The fullness of the term, and a professor bearing the title would enjoy the privileges of livre docência if he transferred from one institution to another; there are still living professors who hold the "old" livre docência degrees; but all new titles of that name only confer privileges within the institution granting it. The doctoral degree is awarded upon the completion and the successful defense of
4698-574: The law course resulted from the implementation of the Bologna Process , removed the Doctorate of Laws (LLD) title and replace it with a second cycle degree, Master of Advocacy (M.Adv). This raised discussion as to whether newly qualified lawyers would be referred to as 'Doctor', as had been the norm. Following representation from law student organisations, the Chamber of Advocates came to the agreement that if
4779-410: The law; it is like a statue, solid, compact, clean cut; it contains more law in fewer words than any work with which I am acquainted." The first and second volumes were published in 1875, and the fourth volume in 1878, while the third, which had long been used in pamphlet form by his pupils, was first published in complete form in 1895. In 1870, the professor began a summer course of law lectures, and his
4860-860: The lecture room. During the sectional debates, he advocated the Union. However, after the Civil War started, he backed the Confederate government. Minor served as a guard and an attendant at the Military Hospital in Louisa Court House at the university. As a teacher Minor was regarded with peculiar affection. Taking a personal interest in his pupils, he endeavored to develop their character as well as their minds. Professor Minor, "a man of stern morality and firm conservative convictions," profoundly influenced James Clark McReynolds , who went on to be attorney general of
4941-476: The lower courts, a profession that was existent in Malta as early, and even prior to 1553. All three designations also require members to be holders of a warrant issued by the president of Malta, obtainable after examination, as well as a minimum of one year of work experience in that profession. It is not possible for a Maltese lawyer to hold a warrant in more than one of the professions at a time. As of 2014 changes to
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#17330850874905022-494: The minimum requirements for graduation, course selection is elective, with various concentrations such as business law, international law, natural resources law, criminal law, and Aboriginal law. After the first law degree, one may pursue a second, the Masters of Laws (LL.M.) and after that, the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) or Doctor of Juridical Science or Doctor of Legal Science (J.S.D./S.J.D), at some Canadian universities. (The LL.D.
5103-425: The minimum standards of quality that are usually required by a Brazilian university when granting doctoral degrees. Admission to doctoral courses is almost universally reserved to holders of a master's degree (the Master's in Brazil is a graduate degree and is not the first professional degree). Therefore, a bachelor of Laws (a bearer of the first professional degree), seeking the degree of doctor must usually complete
5184-496: The phenomenon of so-called "flying professors", who are teaching at two or three universities at the same time and to the decline of academic life. In the United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand , and Europe , the degree is a higher doctorate usually awarded on the basis of exceptionally insightful and distinctive publications that contain significant and original contributions to the study of law. Some universities, such as
5265-441: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 9,945 households, out of which 31.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.30% were married couples living together, 10.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.00% were non-families. 22.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
5346-525: The sister of his law instructor Professor John A. G. Davis , in whose home he tutored while pursuing his own studies. (One source describes her as Davis' daughter, but he had no daughter of the name Martha.) He had so overcome his physical weakness that he could endure almost unlimited labor, and developed "an impressive stature and presence." John "John" Barbee Minor was related to the Berkley, Maury, Dabney, Herndon, Byrd, Page, and many other Virginia families and
5427-424: The student's first Staatsexamen (the Master's level first professional degree), or , alternatively, in the second Staatsexamen (the German equivalent to the bar exam , which to pass is itself no requirement for the doctorate, though practically universal for jurist careers in academia), or a relative grade A (highest decile of the comparison group) Master of Laws . No LL.D. to complement an LL.M.
5508-413: The student's prowess or previous knowledge, it is possible to get a master's degree or a doctoral degree in less time, if one were to complete all credits and write the dissertation/thesis in less time. Usually, universities require a minimum time for this (normally, 15 months of credits + 3 months of dissertation qualification for a master's degree, 24 months of credits + 6 months of thesis qualification for
5589-464: The studies and mainly to work on their dissertation. The PhD is intended basically for candidates interested in an academic career, and it gives them the right to teach at a university. The Czech system is in many ways similar to the German and Austrian systems. Therefore, a PhD degree is necessary for habilitation procedure. Through habilitation, the Doctor of Law who submits his habilitation work (similar to German Habilitationsschrift ) can be given
5670-410: The title of Doctor , which in Malta is used to address a holder of the degree. Up until 2014, the LL.D. was one of the requirements for admission to the profession of advocate in Malta (an advocate, as opposed to a legal procurator, has rights of representation in superior courts). Practising lawyers are of three designations – notary, legal procurator and advocate. The Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) degree
5751-401: Was 2.56 and the average family size was 2.97. In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.40% under the age of 18, 6.60% from 18 to 24, 29.90% from 25 to 44, 26.20% from 45 to 64, and 12.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.90 males. The median income for
5832-569: Was a close friend and kinsman to Matthew Fontaine Maury and B. Franklin "Frank" Minor, with whom he often corresponded with on a variety of subjects. There is also a Maury Hall and a Dabney Hall close to Minor Hall at the University of Virginia. Minor began to practice law at Buchanan , in Botetourt county, and after six years moved to Charlottesville , where he formed a partnership with his brother Lucian, who later became Professor of Law at William and Mary . In 1845, when thirty-two years old, Minor
5913-419: Was an Episcopalian. His religion "was the master chord in his life, the source of that rare union of sweetness and dignity, of gentleness with firmness, that helped to make up his charming personality." For many years he superintended a Sunday school for slaves and also taught a Sunday morning Bible class composed of students, whose last meetings were in their revered teacher's study, after he was unable to walk to
5994-540: Was because Victorian reforms, which had unified the other classes of court attorney into the single profession of barrister, had overlooked the Doctors of Law. In the United States, the most common Doctor of Law degree is the Juris Doctor (or Doctor of Jurisprudence ), abbreviated as J.D. It is the professional degree for lawyers, having replaced the Bachelor of Laws in the 20th century after law schools began to require
6075-532: Was being mentored at that time by the Louisa County magnate Thomas Johnson the representative of Louisa County in the House of Burgesses . In 1765, Patrick Henry won his first election to represent Louisa County in the House of Burgesses . At the end of the eighteenth century and in the early nineteenth century, numerous free mixed-race families migrated together from here to Kentucky, where neighbors began to identify them as Melungeon . The Virginia Central Railroad
6156-458: Was completed through Louisa County in 1838–1840. During the Civil War , it was an important supply line for the Confederate armies. As a result, several significant cavalry actions took place in the county, particularly one fought at Trevilians in 1864. The Twin Oaks Community is one of the country's oldest secular communes , established by its first eight members in 1967. This was part of
6237-428: Was elected Professor of Law at the University of Virginia, succeeding H. St. George Tucker, and remained the only instructor in that department until 1851. Upon the appointment of James Philemon Holcombe as adjunct professor of Constitutional and International Law , Mercantile Law and Equity, Minor's subjects became Common and Statute Law , in both of which he became an authority. For his last forty-two years he
6318-560: Was felt at the White House and all over the East Coast, as far south as Charleston, S.C. Parts of the Pentagon, White House and Capitol were evacuated." It was also felt in parts of Canada. Damage totals in Louisa County totaled over $ 70 million: According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 511 square miles (1,320 km ), of which 496 square miles (1,280 km )
6399-484: Was known until recently as the Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.). However, since law schools in Canada generally insist on a prior degree or some equivalent in order to grant admission, it was a more advanced degree than the LL.B. degrees awarded by programs abroad, which would accept high school graduates. Although despite this it is, along with other first professional degrees , considered to be a bachelor's degree-level qualification. The majority of Canadian universities now grant
6480-495: Was named after him. The University of Virginia School of Law established a John B. Minor professorship in Law and History. Louisa County, Virginia Louisa County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2020 census , the population was 37,596. The county seat is Louisa . Prior to colonial settlement, the area comprising Louisa County was occupied by several indigenous peoples including
6561-515: Was the title given to the students that completed the old (four-year) course of studies in law. After the five-year degree, it is possible to enroll in a Ph.D. course in a specific field of law (" Dottorato "), and the title obtained is " Dottore di ricerca " (a Ph.D.). In Malta , the European Union 's smallest member state, the LL.D. was a doctorate-level academic degree in law requiring at least three years of post-graduate full-time study at
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