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78-505: As of 2020, the awards have been presented to 220 honorees. Notable former recipients are shown below and are grouped in cohorts by the decade when they received the award. The list of recipients include many well-known professionals in a wide variety of fields. Among the recipients are eight Pulitzer Prize winners, five Nobel Prize laureates, five Tony Award winners, five billionaires, four Academy Awards winners, three Golden Globe Awards winners, two United States Attorneys General ,

156-853: A President of Estonia , a Chairman of the Federal Reserve , an administrator of the National Aerospace Development Administration , a United States Secretary of Defense , a Senator of the United States, and numerous other accomplished businessmen, journalists, politicians, athletes, playwrights, and literary figures. 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2022 2023 A dinner, during which

234-537: A major in its 1st Cavalry Regiment. Two days earlier, President Woodrow Wilson had called the Illinois National Guard into federal service, along with those of several other states, to patrol the Mexican border during General John Joseph Pershing 's Punitive Expedition . McCormick accompanied his regiment to the Mexican border. Soon after, the United States entered the war, the entire Illinois National Guard

312-414: A 'mutual admiration society' and not to be taken seriously; the paper refused to compete for the prize during McCormick's tenure up until 1961. The Pulitzer Prize does not automatically consider all applicable works in the media and the arts, but customarily those that have specifically been entered and reviewed for administrative compliance by the administrator's staff. Entries must fit in at least one of

390-513: A 100-year birthday party for the Tribune that included a fireworks show called "the most colossal show since the Chicago fire." Other publications noted that everything about the celebration was called "the world's greatest". Time magazine editorialized that "the Tribune has been made into a worldwide symbol of reaction, isolation, and prejudice by a man capable of real hate." McCormick had purchased

468-882: A century. Since McCormick had long advocated building a convention center , after it was built from 1957 to 1960 McCormick Place was named for him. The trust eventually divested its ownership of the Tribune Company, so in 2008 changed its name from the McCormick Tribune Foundation to the Robert R. McCormick Foundation . It contributed more than a billion US dollars for journalism, early childhood education, civic health, social and economic services, arts and culture and citizenship. McCormick endowed five scholarships at The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina and deeded his Aiken, South Carolina estate to friend and former commander Charles Pelot Summerall with

546-533: A chance to purchase it, so McCormick gave her 48 hours to match the $ 10 million asking price. She could not raise the money to do so. Upon the purchase of the Times-Herald , the Post consolidated its market position by discontinuing the rival paper. McCormick married twice, but had no children from either marriage. His first wife was Amy Irwin, the former wife of his father's first cousin, Edward Shields Adams. Starting in

624-526: A donation from the foundation. After a donation to renovate the Technological Institute building at Northwestern University in 1989, the Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science was also named for him. Within days of McCormick's death, Richard J. Daley was elected mayor and a new family would dominate Chicago, this time aligned with the Democratic Party for over half

702-572: A former U.S. Representative from Illinois, moved to New York City and founded the tabloid New York Daily News . However he and McCormick, while often disagreeing, jointly held both positions at the Chicago Tribune until 1926, when McCormick assumed both roles at the Tribune , and Patterson concentrated on the New York Daily News . In 1904, a Republican ward leader persuaded McCormick to run for alderman. Elected, he served two years on

780-585: A higher level of training and connectedness is required for a female applicant to be awarded the prize than male counterparts. Robert R. McCormick Robert Rutherford " Colonel " McCormick (July 30, 1880 – April 1, 1955) was an American publisher, lawyer, and businessman. A member of the McCormick family of Chicago , McCormick became a lawyer, Republican Chicago alderman, distinguished U.S. Army officer in World War I, and eventually owner and publisher of

858-416: A jury makes three nominations. The board selects the winner by majority vote from the nominations, or bypasses the nominations and selects a different entry following a 75 percent majority vote. The board can also vote to issue no award. The board and journalism jurors are not paid for their work; however, jurors in letters, music, and drama receive honoraria for the year. Anyone whose work has been submitted

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936-501: A muscular body weighing over 200 pounds (91 kg), his erect soldierly bearing, his reserved manner and his distinguished appearance—made it easy for him to play that role. But if he was one, he was an aristocrat, according to his friends, in the best sense of the word, despising the idle rich and having no use for parasites, dilettantes or mere pleasure-seekers, whose company, clubs and amusements he avoided. With an extraordinary capacity for hard work, he often put in seven long days

1014-541: A newspaper publisher. Prizes in 2024 were awarded in these categories, with three finalists named for each: Each winner receives a certificate and $ 15,000 in cash, except in the Public Service category, where a gold medal is awarded. Newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer gave money in his will to Columbia University to launch a journalism school and establish the Pulitzer Prize. It allocated $ 250,000 to

1092-726: A result of pull and political log-rolling, and that to some of the biggest frauds and fools alike." A 2012 academic study by journalism professors Yong Volz of the University of Missouri and Francis Lee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong found "that only 27% of Pulitzer winners since 1991 were females, while newsrooms are about 33% female." The researchers concluded female winners were more likely to have traditional academic experience, such as attendance at Ivy League schools, metropolitan upbringing, or employment with an elite publication such as The New York Times . The findings suggest

1170-560: A scandal that ultimately led to his marriage (see below), and his military service (which led to him becoming known as "the Colonel"), McCormick continued as a law firm partner until 1920. In 1910, Robert McCormick took control of the Chicago Tribune and, in 1914, became editor and publisher with his cousin, Captain Joseph Medill Patterson , who was the son of a Tribune editor who had wed Joseph Medill's daughter. In 1919, Patterson,

1248-519: A week at his job even when elderly, keeping fit through polo and later horseback riding. In his seventies, he could still get into the war uniform of his thirties. In failing health since an attack of pneumonia , following a trip to Europe in April 1953; McCormick nonetheless remained active in his work until the month before he died, on April 1, 1955. He was buried on his farm, in his war uniform . His second wife survived him by three decades. Upon his death,

1326-549: A writing field that has been expanded was the former Pulitzer Prize for the Novel (awarded 1918–1947), which has been changed to the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, which also includes short stories , novellas , novelettes , and poetry, as well as novels. Chronology of Pulitzer Prize categories Legend Note: The Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting was split into two categories in 1948 that still exist as Breaking News Reporting and Investigative Reporting. The Local Reporting category

1404-506: Is called an entrant . The jury selects a group of nominated finalists and announces them, together with the winner for each category. However, some journalists and authors who were only submitted, but not nominated as finalists, still claim to be Pulitzer nominees in promotional material. The Pulitzer Board has cautioned entrants against claiming to be nominees. The Pulitzer Prize website's Frequently Asked Questions section describes their policy as follows: "Nominated Finalists are selected by

1482-488: Is provided. Since 1980, when we began to announce nominated finalists, we have used the term 'nominee' for entrants who became finalists. We discourage someone saying he or she was 'nominated' for a Pulitzer simply because an entry was sent to us." Bill Dedman of NBC News , the recipient of the 1989 investigative reporting prize , pointed out in 2012 that financial journalist Betty Liu was described as "Pulitzer Prize–Nominated" in her Bloomberg Television advertising and

1560-401: Is some difference in our political beliefs. I have broader Republican views than [McCormick] has. I am for the same people as the colonel, but I am for some more people. McCormick tried to run the paper himself, but lost money on the venture, and sold the Times-Herald to The Washington Post in 1954. When he announced the sale, one of the paper's board members insisted that Bazy be given

1638-500: Is the father of college alumni James and Elizabeth Rubin . Since then, only alumni of the college are eligible for the award. Pulitzer Prize The Pulitzer Prizes ( / ˈ p ʊ l ɪ t s ər / ) are 23 annual awards given by Columbia University in New York for achievements in the United States in "journalism, arts and letters." They were established in 1917 by the will of Joseph Pulitzer , who had made his fortune as

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1716-629: The Chicago Tribune newspaper. A leading Republican, McCormick opposed the New Deal and later opposed American entry into World War II. His legacy includes what is now the McCormick Foundation philanthropic organization. McCormick was born July 30, 1880, in Chicago to Robert Sanderson McCormick (1849–1919) and his wife, Katherine Van Etta Medill McCormick (1853–1932). Family members quickly nicknamed him "Bertie" because so many relatives shared

1794-485: The Washington Times-Herald newspaper following the 1948 death of Eleanor Medill "Cissy" Patterson , his first cousin. The paper was an "isolationist and archconservative" publication known for sensationalism. McCormick appointed his niece, then known as Ruth "Bazy" McCormick Miller as the publisher of the paper in 1949. He wanted Bazy to use the paper to create "an outpost of American principles". When

1872-514: The British Empire ". He famously published the " Victory Program ," a military plan that FDR had ordered in the summer of 1941 to prepare the United States for possible entry into World War II. It had been leaked to him by US Senator Burton K. Wheeler . The publication was on December 4, 1941, only three days before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The controversy it stirred died off quickly after

1950-684: The Chicago City Council . In 1905, at the age of 25, he was elected to a five-year term as president of the board of trustees of the Chicago Sanitary District , which operated the city's vast drainage and sewage disposal system. In 1907 McCormick was appointed to the Chicago Permanent Charter Commission and the Chicago Plan Commission . However, his political career ended abruptly when he took control of

2028-664: The Distinguished Service Medal , and was later always referred to as "Colonel McCormick". McCormick returned from the war and took control of the Tribune in the 1920s. Given the lack of schools of journalism in the midwestern United States at the time, McCormick and Patterson sponsored a school named for their grandfather, the Joseph Medill School of Journalism . It was announced by Walter Dill Scott in November 1920, and began classes in 1921. As publisher of

2106-613: The New Deal and the Fair Deal , liberal Republicans , the League of Nations , the World Court , the United Nations , British imperialism, socialism , and communism . Besides Roosevelt, his chief targets included Chicago Mayor William Hale Thompson and Illinois Governor Len Small . Some of McCormick's personal crusades were seen as quixotic (such as his attempts to reform spelling of

2184-506: The Tribune , McCormick was involved in a number of legal disputes regarding freedom of the press that were handled by McCormick's longtime lawyer Weymouth Kirkland . The most famous of these cases is Near v. Minnesota , 283 U.S. 697 (1931), a case championed by McCormick in his role as chairman of the American Newspaper Publishers Association 's Committee on Free Speech. A conservative Republican, McCormick

2262-706: The Tribune. McCormick went to Europe as a war correspondent for the Tribune in February 1915, early in World War I. He interviewed Tsar Nicholas , Prime Minister H. H. Asquith , and First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill . McCormick also visited (and was under fire on) both the Eastern and Western Fronts. Using connections his father had made while ambassador to Russia, McCormick attended formal dinners with Grand Duke Nicholas and Grand Duke Peter . During this trip, McCormick collected fragments of

2340-590: The capture of Cantigny (hence his later naming his farm estate near Wheaton, Illinois ), and in the battles of Soissons , Saint-Mihiel , and the second phase of the Argonne . McCormick served in the 1st Battalion, 5th Field Artillery Regiment , with the 1st Infantry Division . His service ended on December 31, 1918, though he remained a part of the Officers Reserve Corps from October 8, 1919, to September 30, 1929. Cited for prompt action in battle, he received

2418-554: The cathedral at Ypres and the city hall of Arras . Reputedly, these pieces were the first of the collection of stones that were later embedded in the facade of the Tribune Tower. However, they are not actually on display. Returning to the United States in early 1915, McCormick joined the Illinois National Guard on June 21, 1916. His family background, education and expert horsemanship led to his being commissioned as

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2496-857: The December 2017 Plan of Award: There are seven categories in letters and drama: In 2020, the Audio Reporting category was added. The first prize in this category was awarded to "The Out Crowd", an episode of the public radio program This American Life . In the second year, the Pulitzer was awarded for the NPR podcast No Compromise . There is one prize given for music: There have been dozens of Special Citations and Awards : more than ten each in Arts, Journalism, and Letters, and five for Pulitzer Prize service, most recently to Joseph Pulitzer, Jr. in 1987. In addition to

2574-534: The December 7 attack. In June 1942, the Tribune published an article that indicated that the Americans had broken Japanese codes, the 1942 Chicago Tribune incident . As a publisher he was very innovative. McCormick was a 25 percent owner of the Tribune's 50,000 watt radio station , which was purchased in 1924; he named it WGN , the initials of the Tribune' s motto, the "World's Greatest Newspaper". He also established

2652-485: The English language) and were parodied in political cartoons in rival Frank Knox 's Chicago Daily News . Knox's political cartoonists, including Cecil Jensen , derided McCormick as "Colonel McCosmic", a "pompous, paunchy, didactic individual with a bristling mustache and superlative ego." In 1943, he told an audience he helped plan a defence against an invasion from Canada at the end of World War I. In June 1947, he gave

2730-585: The Graduate School of Journalism at Columbia's Pulitzer Hall and several administrators have held concurrent full-time or adjunct faculty appointments at the Journalism School, the board and administration have been operationally separate from the school since 1950. Some critics of the Pulitzer Prize have accused the organization of favoring those who support liberal causes or oppose conservative causes. Conservative columnist L. Brent Bozell Jr. said that

2808-743: The Journalism categories are not restricted by nationality, provided their submitted work appeared in a United States-based publication. Each year, more than 100 jurors are selected by the Pulitzer Prize Board to serve on 22 separate juries for the 23 award categories; one jury makes recommendations for both photography awards . Most juries consist of five members, except for those for Public Service , Investigative Reporting , Explanatory Reporting , Feature Writing , Commentary and Audio Reporting categories, which have seven members; however, all book juries have five members. For each award category,

2886-562: The Nominating Juries for each category as finalists in the competition. The Pulitzer Prize Board generally selects the Pulitzer Prize Winners from the three nominated finalists in each category. The names of nominated finalists have been announced only since 1980. Work that has been submitted for Prize consideration but not chosen as either a nominated finalist or a winner is termed an entry or submission. No information on entrants

2964-826: The Pulitzer Prize Advisory Board and the eventual Pulitzer Prize Board historically resisted the admission of magazines into the competition, resulting in the formation of the National Magazine Awards at the Columbia Journalism School in 1966. In 2015, magazines were allowed to enter for the first time in two categories (Investigative Reporting and Feature Writing). By 2016, this provision had expanded to three additional categories ( International Reporting , Criticism and Editorial Cartooning ). That year, Kathryn Schulz (Feature Writing) and Emily Nussbaum (Criticism) of The New Yorker became

3042-430: The Pulitzer Prize has a "liberal legacy", particularly in its prize for commentary. He pointed to a 31-year period in which only five conservatives won prizes for commentary. 2010 Pulitzer Prize winner for commentary Kathleen Parker wrote, "It's only because I'm a conservative basher that I'm now recognized." Alexander Theroux describes the Pulitzer Prize as "an eminently silly award, [that] has often been handed out as

3120-485: The award would be bestowed upon the recipients, is usually held to raise scholarship and support money for the John Jay National Scholars Program. The dinner was cancelled in 1989, when alumni awardee Frank Lorenzo , then Chairman of Eastern Air Lines , was widely criticized for his treatment of Eastern Air Lines ' striking machinists and for his controversial managing techniques. In 2004, the award

3198-470: The board for 31 years) in 1986, the chair has typically rotated to the most senior member (or members, in the case of concurrent elections) on an annual basis. Since 1975, the board has made all prize decisions; prior to this point, the board's recommendations were subsequently ratified by a majority vote of the Trustees of Columbia University . Although the administrator's office and staff are housed alongside

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3276-479: The childless McCormick left an estate estimated at $ 55 million, including stock in the Chicago Tribune Company. His will established a trust devoted to charitable purposes, including maintenance of his former home, which became Cantigny and includes a house and war museum as well as formal gardens. The Northwestern University School of Law building that opened in 1962 was named McCormick Hall following

3354-441: The competition's two photography categories, which will continue to restrict entries to still images." In December 2008, it was announced that for the first time content published in online-only news sources would be considered. Although certain winners with magazine affiliations (most notably Moneta Sleet Jr. ) were allowed to enter the competition due to eligible partnerships or concurrent publication of their work in newspapers,

3432-482: The dean of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism and the administrator of the prizes, who serves as the board's secretary. The administrator and the dean (who served on the board from its inception until 1954 and beginning again in 1976) participate in the deliberations as ex officio members, but cannot vote. Aside from the president and dean (who serve as permanent members for

3510-544: The divorce case to be heard again. The opposition press made the most out of the scandals. Adams presented McCormick with a bill for eight years of lodging, and claimed McCormick had "wickedly and maliciously debauched and carnally knew the said Amy Irwin Adams" while his guest. Other allegations included that McCormick had a former chauffeur arrested and interrogated by a private detective. McCormick then counterclaimed that he had made loans to Adams which had to be repaid. The case

3588-514: The duration of their respective appointments) and the administrator (who is re-elected annually), the board elects its own members for a three-year term; members may serve a maximum of three terms. Members of the board and the juries are selected with close attention "given to professional excellence and affiliation, as well as diversity in terms of gender, ethnic background, geographical distribution and size of news organization." Former Associated Press and Los Angeles Times editor Marjorie Miller

3666-587: The family newspaper business, but was more interested in running for political office, and became a member of the United States House of Representatives (1917–1919) and then the U.S. Senate before losing his bid for a second term and ending his life by suicide in Washington, D.C. in 1925. Meanwhile, from 1889 through 1893, Bertie lived a lonely childhood with his parents in London. His father Robert Sanderson McCormick

3744-469: The first magazine affiliates to receive the prize under the expanded eligibility criterion. In October 2016, magazine eligibility was extended to all journalism categories. Hitherto confined to the local reporting of breaking news, the Breaking News Reporting category was expanded to encompass all domestic breaking news events in 2017. Definitions of Pulitzer Prize categories as presented in

3822-516: The jacket of her book, while National Review writer Jonah Goldberg made similar claims of "Pulitzer nomination" to promote his books. Dedman wrote, "To call that submission a Pulitzer 'nomination' is like saying that Adam Sandler is an Oscar nominee if Columbia Pictures enters That's My Boy in the Academy Awards . Many readers realize that the Oscars don't work that way—the studios don't pick

3900-470: The law firm that became Kirkland & Ellis , which represented the Tribune Company . However, his elder brother, Medill McCormick, had become depressed after taking over and expanding the family newspaper business, so, in 1908, on the advice of psychoanalyst Carl Jung , Medill gave up that job, and Robert became increasingly involved in the family publishing business. Despite that business involvement,

3978-450: The much younger Amie de Houle "Amy" Irwin on April 15, 1895. She was born in 1872, the daughter of decorated soldier Bernard J. D. Irwin . Starting in November 1913, a bitter family dispute developed. Amy Irwin Adams filed for divorce, claiming Adams was alcoholic , and the suit was granted on March 6, 1914, without her husband appearing in court. In September 1914, Adams filed another lawsuit. He sued McCormick for trespass and asked for

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4056-415: The name, including his late paternal great-grandfather Robert McCormick . His maternal grandfather was Tribune editor and former Chicago mayor Joseph Medill , on whose estate McCormick would live for much of his adult life. On his father's side, his great-uncle was inventor and businessman Cyrus McCormick . His elder brother Joseph Medill McCormick (known as "Medill McCormick") was slated to take over

4134-565: The nominees. It's just a way of slipping 'Academy Awards' into a bio. The Pulitzers also don't work that way, but fewer people know that." Nominally, the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service is awarded only to news organizations, not individuals. In rare instances, contributors to the entry are singled out in the citation in a manner analogous to individual winners. Journalism awards may be awarded to individuals or newspapers or newspaper staffs; infrequently, staff Prize citations also distinguish

4212-577: The position and returned to his previous role upon Miller's appointment. In addition to Canedy, past administrators include John Hohenberg (the youngest person to hold the position to date; 1954–1976), fellow Graduate School of Journalism professor Richard T. Baker (1976–1981), former Newsweek executive editor Robert Christopher (1981–1992), former New York Times managing editor Seymour Topping (1993–2002), former Milwaukee Journal editor Sig Gissler (2002–2014) and former Concord Monitor editor Mike Pride (the only former board member to hold

4290-487: The position to date; 2014–2017). Prior to the installation of Hohenberg, the program was jointly administered by members of the Journalism School's faculty (most notably longtime dean Carl W. Ackerman ) and officials in Columbia's central administration, with the latter primarily under the aegis of Frank D. Fackenthal . Following the retirement of Joseph Pulitzer Jr. (a grandson of the endower who served as permanent chair of

4368-446: The prize and scholarships. He specified "four awards in journalism, four in letters and drama, one in education, and four traveling scholarships." After his death on October 29, 1911, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded June 4, 1917; they are now announced in May. The Chicago Tribune under the control of Colonel Robert R. McCormick felt that the Pulitzer Prize was nothing more than

4446-443: The prizes, Pulitzer Traveling Fellowships are awarded to four outstanding students of the Graduate School of Journalism as selected by the faculty. Over the years, awards have been discontinued either because the field of the award has been expanded to encompass other areas; the award has been renamed because the common terminology changed; or the award has become obsolete, such as the prizes for telegraphic reporting. An example of

4524-462: The purpose of forestry and journal paper production: Heron Bay (Ont.), Gore Bay (Ont), Thorold (Ont.), Baie-Comeau (Que), Franquelin (Que) and Shelter Bay (Que), known as Port-Cartier today. Many monuments have been made in honor of the Colonel, in Baie-Comeau lay the biggest of them all, a bronze statue of the Colonel canoeing as he did in 1915 when he discovered the land that would welcome

4602-585: The same time had to be feared; an eccentric, misanthropic genius whose haughty bearing, cold eye and steely reserve made it impossible to like or trust him." McCormick was described by one opponent as "the greatest mind of the fourteenth century" and by the American labor historian Art Preis as a "fascist-minded multi-millionaire". In his memoirs, publisher Henry Regnery described his meeting with McCormick and William Henry Chamberlin : The Colonel received us in his rather feudal office, high above Michigan Avenue at

4680-547: The specific prize categories, and cannot simply gain entrance for being literary or musical. Works can only be entered in a maximum of two relevant categories, regardless of their properties. Currently, entrants in the Book, Drama and Music categories must be United States citizens, permanent residents of the United States or those who otherwise consider the United States to be their longtime primary home; however, eligible work must be published by United States-based entities. Entrants to

4758-674: The stipulation that the General live there the remainder of his life. After Summerall's death in 1954, the estate was sold and the proceeds used to purchase a beach house in Isle of Palms, South Carolina , now known as the Robert R. McCormick Citadel Beach Club. The structure was destroyed by Hurricane Hugo in 1989 and subsequently rebuilt and hosts many functions including weddings and corporate events. McCormick's legacy also extended to Canada, his grandfather Joseph Medill's birthplace. Six towns were created for

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4836-457: The summer of 1904, McCormick had spent much time at the homes of Adams in downtown Chicago and Lake Forest, Illinois . Amanda McCormick (1822–1891), youngest daughter of family patriarch Robert McCormick , had married fellow Virginian Hugh Adams (1820–1880) before moving to Chicago to start the McCormick & Adams grain trading business. Their son, Edward Shields Adams, born in 1859, had married

4914-471: The time. The wedding occurred in London, in the registry office of St George's, Hanover Square , with only two witnesses present. The Tribune did not mention the wedding, nor any of the previous lawsuits. After Amy died in 1939, McCormick became a near social recluse. On December 21, 1944, he married Mrs. Maryland Mathison Hooper in the apartment of his cousin Chauncey McCormick . She was 47 and he

4992-609: The top of his Gothic tower. He was a tall, erect, distinguished-looking man, who, with his white hair, blue eyes, ruddy complexion, white mustache, and in his manner and dress, conveyed the impression that he might have come from the English landed aristocracy. He was perfectly cordial, but gave us clearly to understand that our rather similar views on such matters as foreign policy and the administration in Washington were no basis for familiarity. The New York Times wrote: He did consider himself an aristocrat, and his imposing stature—6 feet 4 inches (193 cm) tall, with

5070-445: The town of Baie-Comeau , Quebec in 1936 and constructed a paper mill and a hydroelectric power plant there named McCormick Dam to generate electricity for the mill. McCormick carried on crusades against various local, state, and national politicians, gangsters and racketeers , labor unions , prohibition and prohibitionists, Wall Street , the East and Easterners, Democrats ,

5148-467: The two came to a parting of the ways over her relationship with one of the paper's editors, Garvin Tankersley, as well as editorial control over the paper, he ordered her to choose between Tankersley and the Tribune Company. As a result, she resigned from the Times-Herald . Bazy later said, "I understood when I went to the Times-Herald I was to have full control. That control was not given me ... There

5226-420: The ultimatum that she choose between Garvin Tankersley and the paper, she resigned from the Times-Herald . Though estranged for many years, Bazy and McCormick reconciled prior to his death. McCormick was regarded as a "remote, coldly aloof, ruthless aristocrat, living in lonely magnificence, disdaining the common people ... an exceptional man, a lone wolf whose strength and courage could be looked up to, but at

5304-423: The work of prominent contributors. Awards are made in categories relating to journalism, arts, letters and fiction. Reports and photographs by United States–based newspapers , magazines and news organizations (including news websites) that "[publish] regularly" are eligible for the journalism prize. Beginning in 2007 , "an assortment of online elements will be permitted in all journalism categories except for

5382-580: The year of his maternal grandfather Joseph Medill's death, McCormick matriculated at Yale College , where he was elected to the prestigious secret society Scroll and Key and graduated in 1903 (three years after his brother). Robert McCormick then attended the Northwestern University School of Law and after graduation became a clerk in a Chicago law firm. Robert McCormick was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1907. The following year, he co-founded

5460-518: Was 28 years old and was given the title of vice-president. When Bazy divorced her husband in 1951, ultimately to elope with an editor at the paper, Garvin "Tank" Tankersley, the two came to a parting of the ways. McCormick considered Tankersley to be of unsuitable social status for Bazy because "Tank" was from a poor Lynchburg, Virginia , family. McCormick also disapproved of her divorce in general, which Bazy viewed as hypocritical, given McCormick's own complicated personal life. When McCormick delivered

5538-531: Was 64 at the time. She lived until July 21, 1985. In his later years and until his death, McCormick lived at the estate named Cantigny , in Wheaton, Illinois. The childless McCormick for a time mentored his niece, Ruth (later Tankersley) to be the heir to his publishing empire. He was said to have "doted" on Bazy. When McCormick appointed her as the publisher of the Washington Times-Herald in 1949, she

5616-497: Was Second Secretary of the American Legation in London, serving from 1889 to 1892 under Robert Todd Lincoln . Later, his father served as his nation's ambassador to Austria-Hungary (1901–1902) and Imperial Russia (1902–1905), and replaced Horace Porter as ambassador to France in 1905. While in London, Bertie attended Ludgrove School . Sent back to the United States, Bertie attended Groton School , as had his brother. In 1899,

5694-528: Was an opponent of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and compared the New Deal to Communism . For a period in 1935, he protested Rhode Island's Democratic judiciary by displaying a 47-star flag outside the Tribune building , with the 13th star (representing Rhode Island) removed; he relented after he was advised that alteration of the American flag was unlawful. He was also an America First non-interventionist who strongly opposed entering World War II "to rescue

5772-727: Was given to American real estate businessman Peter Kalikow , who was serving as chairman of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority and was the former owner and publisher of the New York Post . Kalikow's son graduated from the college in 2002 and he had been a major donor to the university. His selection marked the first time since 1979 that the award was given to a non-alumnus of the college. His receipt had generated controversy among professors and alumni, among them Professor Michael Rosenthal and former Alumni Association President Harvey Rubin, an independent publisher who

5850-452: Was heard by Federal Court Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis in November. It was hinted that McCormick had promised to forgive the loans if Adams dropped his suit to reopen the divorce. Landis ruled in favor of McCormick in February 1915. Following the settlement, on March 10, 1915, McCormick married Amy Irwin Adams, after waiting the year after the original divorce decree as was required by law at

5928-476: Was mobilized for federal service in Europe. McCormick thus became part of the U.S. Army on June 13, 1917, and was sent to France as an intelligence officer on the staff of General Pershing. Seeking more active service, he was assigned to an artillery school. By June 17, 1918, McCormick became a lieutenant colonel , and by September 5, 1918, was promoted to a full colonel in the field artillery . He took part in

6006-525: Was named administrator in April 2022. She succeeded former New York Times senior editor Dana Canedy , who served in the role from 2017 to 2020. Canedy was the first woman and first person of color to hold the position. Edward Kliment, the program's longtime deputy administrator, was appointed acting administrator in July 2020 when Canedy became senior vice president and publisher of Simon & Schuster 's flagship eponymous imprint. He chose not to contend for

6084-539: Was revived in 2007 as a new category to replace the Beat Reporting category. The nineteen-member Pulitzer Prize Board convenes semi-annually, traditionally in the Joseph Pulitzer World Room at Columbia University's Pulitzer Hall. It comprises major editors, columnists and media executives in addition to six members drawn from academia and the arts, including the president of Columbia University ,

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