52-571: John Carlyle may refer to: John Carlyle (merchant) (1720–1780), Scottish merchant in Virginia John Aitken Carlyle (1801–1879), Scottish doctor and brother of Thomas Carlyle Johnny Carlyle (1929–2017), British ice hockey player and coach John Carlyle, a character in the 2013 film Elysium See also [ edit ] John Carlile (disambiguation) John Carlisle (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
104-425: A petticoat (it used a mechanism to fold it when passing through narrow doors). The wooden floor in front of the fireplace of the bedroom has visible burn marks resulting from the explosions of the air trapped in the charcoal and wood resins : at the time the fire screen had not yet been invented. It is possible that the two lockers in the bedroom were used to lock up their cloth and or their dishes. In front of
156-516: A cat within the house's foundation for good luck, a custom that was prevalent in the British Isles and northern Europe. The home was built in stone in a mid- Georgian style, therefore has the following characteristics: It is symmetrical and balanced with halls in the center of each story, while the left and right side are copies of the other one from top to bottom; The right and the left side has two windows, and two chimneys , one on each side of
208-636: A merchant at Belhaven (original name of Alexandria), a settlement that had grown up around a tobacco warehouse on the bluff overlooking the Potomac River . Carlyle quickly met with financial success. The Hicks company did not allow their workers to get married, but that did not stop him, he married Sarah Fairfax in 1747 (she was cousin of Thomas Fairfax , one of the most influential families in Virginia). He built his house between 1751 and 1753 in Alexandria, now
260-500: A paternalistic approach towards his slaves, and considered them primarily as parts of his assets. He was also "active in importing, buying, selling and owning slaves", which was a common activity at that time. Many of Carlyle's slaves lived and worked in his properties; in the Carlyle House, in a foundry located on the same lot as the house and on his three slave plantations . When Carlyle died in 1780, there were nine slaves living at
312-516: A paternalistic approach towards slaves, and considered them primarily as parts of his assets. He was also "active in importing, buying, selling and owning slaves", which was a common activity at that time. Paper & Stone: The hidden history of John Carlyle , is a 30 minutes documentary about the life, history and recent discoveries of John Carlyle family. It was produced in 2005 by Robert Cole films & The Carlyle House Historic Park. Notes Bibliography Carlyle House Carlyle House
364-642: Is a historic mansion in Alexandria , Virginia , United States , built by Scottish merchant John Carlyle from 1751 to 1752 in the Georgian style . It is situated in the city's Old Town at 121 North Fairfax Street between Cameron and King Street . To the west, the Gadsby's Tavern is found one block away and Christ Church is three blocks away. To the south, the Stabler-Leadbeater Apothecary Shop
416-514: Is called Carlyle House . He also owned thousands of acres of land throughout Virginia, including three plantations. His business ventures included trading with England and the West Indies , retail operations in Alexandria, a foundry in the Shenandoah Valley , milling, and operation of a forge . He also undertook a number of civic and religious positions typical of a man of his status. Carlyle
468-640: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages John Carlyle (merchant) John Carlyle (6 February 1720 – October 1780) was a Scottish merchant and landowner who emigrated to the British Colony of Virginia and became a leading social and political figure in Northern Virginia . He was a founding trustee and the first overseer of Alexandria, Virginia . Born in Carlisle , Cumberland , England , Carlyle
520-653: Is located three blocks away. To the east, Torpedo Factory Art Center and the Alexandria Archaeology Museum are located two blocks away. The house, which is architecturally unique as the only stone 18th-century Palladian Revival-style residence in Alexandria, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1969 and was restored in 1976. Carlyle began the construction of his house in 1751, using indentured and slave labor. Carlyle house has two sets of stairs: The main stairs (wider) are located in
572-537: The Colony of Virginia . On April 15, 1755, was held the Congress of Alexandria in which Braddock met with five colonial governors, Horatio Sharpe (Maryland's governor ), Robert Dinwiddie (Virginia's governor), James De Lancey (New York's governor), William Shirley (Massachusetts' governor), and Robert Hunter Morris (Pennsylvania's governor). They convened in the dining room of the house and here Braddock first suggested
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#1732876152065624-587: The Gaels in an Ossian poem) which stood until 1942. He used this plantation as a stud farm and operated a grist mill on Four Mile Run above what is now Arlandria . Carlyle died in 1780 and is buried at the Old Presbyterian Meeting House in Alexandria. In 1747, he married Sarah Fairfax (daughter of William Fairfax whom was cousin of Thomas Fairfax , the larger land owner of Virginia), with whom he had 7 children, among them Sarah Fairfax Carlyle whom
676-545: The Potomac River and the town's market square, ideal for his merchant business. King George II sent Edward Braddock with two regiments of British regulars (2500 troops) to America to fight in the French and Indian War that started in 1754, they arrived on 20 February 1755 in Hampton , in the colony of Virginia . In April 1755 they came to Carlyle house, and it became the initial headquarters for Major-General Edward Braddock in
728-624: The Potomac river . George Washington , a native Virginian who studied mathematics, trigonometry, and land surveying in Lower Church , prepared two maps of what later became the city of Alexandria. The first map was the "Plat of the Land" drawn in 1748: it was a copy of a prior map. When the lots for the new town of Alexandria were auctioned in July 1749, John Carlyle purchased the lots 41 and 42, situated between
780-409: The spinet songs that she and her mother learned when they received music lessons at Mount Vernon ( George Washington 's house and plantation). The portrait of John's brother, George Carlyle, is located in this room. The color of the wallpaper is green. It has a fireplace. The dining room is located next to the music room. It is preserved in its original form and looks as it would have appeared in
832-406: The 1750s, as there were not many modifications in this area. The color of the wallpaper is blue, the details of the wood were handmade and the color of the walls and room were used to welcome and impress their guests. It also has a fireplace to warm up the room in winter. The portrait of William Carlyle (John Carlyle's father) is located in this room. The main chamber was located on the right side of
884-717: The British Parliament, a body in which American colonists had no direct representation, which was seen as a violation of their rights as Englishmen . This led to the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War that started on April 19, 1775, and ended on September 3, 1783. John Carlyle died in 1780, during the time of the Revolutionary War. His son, George William Carlyle, inherited
936-786: The Carlyle House. He also created a hotel in front of the house known as the Mansion House Hotel , which was known as one of the best hotels on the East Coast. With the building of the hotel fronting Fairfax Street, the Carlyle House was no longer visible from the street. At the onset of the Civil War, Union troops occupied the city of Alexandria, including the Mansion House Hotel, in November 1860 Green received notice to vacate in December since
988-491: The Carlyle House. Not successful in selling the property, Lloyd offered the structure as a possible site for the new city and county courthouse to be constructed in Alexandria in 1838. This proposal was rejected and Lloyd continued to lease the premises to a number of renters until it was sold in 1848 to James Green, the owner of Green and Brother Furniture Factory, a noted Alexandria furniture manufacturer. By 1860 Carlyle House owner James Green completed many major renovations to
1040-776: The Carlyle House: Moses, Nanny, Jerry, Joe, Cate, Sibreia, Cook, Charles and Penny. In the colonial era, as many as twenty-five slaves might have lived and worked within its walls and in the various outbuildings, and the jobs they could have done included being a blacksmith , chef , nanny or domestic worker . Slaves in Alexandria were able to learn new skills and jobs and live a community with free African Americans , this allowed them to run away from slavery and got freedom and live with their friends in nearby towns. The ideological and political revolution in British America that started in 1765 originated with tax imposition by
1092-557: The Mansion Hotel was going to be confiscated. The troops converted it to a hospital for Union soldiers, after the Battle of Bull Run . It could treat more than 700 wound soldiers, and nurses were mostly female, but at the time there were not many female medical doctors in the country. During the Civil War , this house and the city of Alexandria itself, that once used slave force, became one of
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#17328761520651144-419: The aisle between the bedrooms. On the right side of the second floor is located a room showing the way the house was originally constructed, which also has a fireplace. In front of it are located the servant stairs and another room. At the time a regulation stipulated that no house would use a front yard to maximize the use of space. To solve the obstacle Carlyle bought 2 lots, lot 41 and lot 42, and it became
1196-479: The back area of the hall, which also has a back door that communicates with the magnolia terrace, the back yard and the garden of the house. The left side of the floor is the more public side of the floor, in which the music room and the dining room are located. The right side of the floor (when seen from the front of the house) is the more private side of the house, in it is located the main chamber (John Carlyle's bedroom), and in front of it, John Carlyle's studio and
1248-405: The center of the house, they communicate the first floor with the second floor. The servant stairs (narrow) are located in the right side of the house and connect from the ground floor with the first and second floors. The house has two chimneys made of stone, they are the lungs of the house. The heat was obtained from the burning of charcoal and wood in the fireplaces ; the heat ascended from
1300-437: The center of the house. The kitchen, the servant stairs, and the cellars are located on the right side of the ground floor or basement. The spinning room is located on the left side of the ground floor. It has a back door that connects to the gardens. The first floor contains dates addedhe main or front door that separates the yard from the main hall, which is located in the center of the house. The main stairs are located at
1352-476: The construction of his house, the Carlyle House . They moved to the house on August 7, 1753. It is situated in the city's Old Town at 121 North Fairfax Street between Cameron and King Streets . John Carlyle's only son to survive beyond childhood was George William Carlyle, born in 1766. He served in the cavalry (3rd Continental Light Dragoons under Lt. Col. William Washington, a cousin of George Washington) and
1404-477: The death of 456 British troops and 422 British injured, Braddock was severely injured and died after the battle, he was buried in a secret location in order to protect his grave. Around 1770, Caryle constructed a plantation house and summer residence in what is now Fairlington, Arlington, Virginia first called Torthorwald (after his family's ancestral home in Scotland) and later changed to Morven (a mythical land of
1456-515: The expedition, resulting in the death or injury of two-thirds of Braddock's troops and also in Braddock's own death. Carlyle was a slaveholder for much of his life, and derived much of his personal fortune from both slavery and the Atlantic slave trade . He utilised them as forced labour in both his household and his multiple business ventures. As with many other slave owners of the period, Carlyle held
1508-456: The ground fireplaces to the fireplaces in the first and second floor, releasing the smoke to the exterior of the house and exchanging it with fresh air in the top of the chimney. The doors were 6 foot 2 inches to keep in more heat during winter time when the door were open. The nails used to construct the house were handmade by a blacksmith . The house had space for entertaining, private, family, and servant use. The house has 3 closets , two in
1560-466: The house in 1753, he was the owner until 1780, when he was killed during American Revolution. John Carlyle's son, George William Carlyle, became the owner of the house in 1780 after his father's death, but he died the following year in the Battle of Eutaw Springs during the American Revolutionary War . In 1781 John Carlyle Herbert (John Carlyle's grandson) inherited Carlyle House in 1781, since his mother Sarah Carlyle Fairfax (John Carlyle's daughter)
1612-588: The house in 1780, but died in combat at the Battle of Eutaw Springs in South Carolina one year later. John Carlyle Herbert inherited the Carlyle House in 1781. The house passed from the family's possession by 1827 when Sarah Carlyle died. John Carlyle Herbert sold it to pay off an uncle's gambling debt, while he had moved to Maryland in the first decade of the 19th century. A wealthy Alexandria merchant, John Lloyd, owned extensive tracts of real estate both in and outside of town, nd ended up acquiring possession of
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1664-419: The house, beside the main door. It belonged at the time to John Carlyle and his wife Sarah Fairfax. The two windows in the bedroom faced the front of the street. It has a portrait of his mother, Rachel Murray Carlyle (painted when she was in her twenties), which was located in front of their bed and above the fireplace. A replica of Sarah Carlyle's wedding dress is exhibited in the room, a close-bodied gown with
1716-519: The house, most likely in the dining room, and here Braddock decided to make an expedition to the French Fort Duquesne . Braddock was urged not to undertake the expedition by Washington whom was then a volunteer aide-de-camp to Braddock. The expedition consisted in 1,300 British troops, they fought against 300 native warriors and some French troops, Battle of the Monongahela resulted in
1768-410: The house. It has simple and bold details around the building and doors. The front door has an arched shape with bold molding and a bold keystone. It has quoins at the corner of the building. The house has a hipped roof , specifically a bonnet roof , also called reversed gambrel. The house is composed of a ground floor and two main floors. The halls are located in first and second floor, at
1820-524: The idea of levying additional new taxes on the colonists to help with the cost of the war, and also decided to make an expedition to Fort Duquesne during the French and Indian War . George Washington , who was appointed as major in the provincial militia in February 1753 by Robert Dinwiddie (Virginia's Royal Governor), urged Braddock not to undertake the expedition and became a volunteer aide-de-camp to Braddock. Nevertheless, Braddock decided to undertake
1872-487: The main chamber are John Carlyle's studio and the servant stairs that communicate with the ground and second floors. John Carlyle's studio is located in front of his room. It contains his desk, a divan and a copy of the John Carlyle portrait that was sent to his brother. In the portrait his hand is painted inside his waistcoat , this represents a painting technique that started in 1750 called hand-in-waistcoat . The style
1924-407: The main chamber, possibly to keep dishes locked up, and were used by servants after asking the lady of the house the menu for the day and the correct dishes to use for serving. A third closet is located in the music room. John Carlyle also built several outbuildings for both household and business needs. Carlyle or someone associated with the house's construction is believed to have sealed the body of
1976-409: The only house with a wide front yard in the area. At the time, Carlyle was a member of the board of trustees that regulated the use of the land in the city. In the 1700s the backyard was located in front of the river, but during the following decades the land was expanded filling the area with old boats and other materials, today is located in front of N. Lee Street and at two blocks of distance from
2028-593: The port town of Whitehaven . Hicks was a ship owner and traded with British colonies, there Carlyle learned to do business in the Virginia Trade. Hicks sent him as his factor (agent) in America to work in Virginia in 1741. Merchant agents were required to remain single since they had to travel extensively. He stopped working with Hicks and started his own ventures after his marriage with Sarah. Carlyle established himself as
2080-577: The principal centers that supported the fight against slavery and hold a key role in the abolition of slavery in the United States in the 19th century . During World War I the house became a museum, and was located two blocks from the U.S. Naval Torpedo Station in Alexandria . By the mid-twentieth century the building was in a state of great disrepair due to a lack of proper er maintenance. In 1749 half-acre (lots 41 and 42) were auctioned in Alexandria, Virginia , John Carlyle bought them and completed
2132-406: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Carlyle&oldid=1075118244 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
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2184-487: The second floor. The second-floor hall is located at the center of the house and above the main floor hall and is accessible to the first floor both through the main stairs and through the servant stairs. In the hall many books are displayed, among them an 8th edition of The Gardeners Dictionary by Philip Miller (1768), the 16th edition of The Gardeners Kalendar , also by Philip Miller, aRivernd Volumes II and III of The Poets of Great Britain by John Bell that collect
2236-488: The servants' stairs. The visitors that came through the front door were received by a servant (Moses) at the main hall. During celebrations the hall was used as a dance hall, currently, it displays a copy of the Fry-Jefferson map , painted by Peter Jefferson ( Thomas Jefferson 's father) and Joshua Fry on its wall. The music room is located beside the main entrance, in this room Sarah Carlyle Fairfax (Sally) practiced
2288-499: The time and was friends with Colonel George Washington . John Carlyle was appointed Colonel in 1755. When the French and native forces were stronger, Great Britain sent General Edward Braddock to fight their enemies. In 1755, Carlyle's house was the initial headquarters for Major-General Edward Braddock in Virginia during the French and Indian War. The Congress of Alexandria convened at
2340-441: The works of Alexander Pope . George William Carlyle's room was located on the left side of the floor. Sarah Carlyle Fairfax and Anne Carlyle's room was located in front of their brother's. In this bedroom, there is a copy of Sarah Carlyle Fairfax's wedding dress on display. It is probable that Penelope (Penny) took care of Sally and Anne and slept with them during wintertime to share body heat, or slept in front of their bed or in
2392-471: Was a woman, and women were not allowed to own land in the United States at the time ( until it was allowed by law in 1839 ). She died in 1827, and the house was sold to John Lloyd in 1827 by John Carlyle Herbert to pay off one of his uncle's gambling debt. John Lloyd rented the area until it was sold in 1848 to James Green and part of the area became the Green Hotel for a decade until it was confiscated for
2444-426: Was born on January 4, 1757. Sarah Fairfax gave birth to her daughter Ann on 21 January 1761, but she died the following day. Sally got married when she was 17 years old, and Ann got married when she was 14 years old, but died three years later, in a birth related death. John Carlyle married Sybil West (daughter of prominent Alexandrian Hugh West) with whom had four more children, among them George William Carlyle, whom
2496-460: Was born on May 27, 1766. William Carlyle (John Carlyle father) died in 1774. In 1779, while George William Carlyle was at school was informed of the illness of his father and returned to the house, after his father death he volunteered for Virginian regiment led by William Washington and decided to join the revolution and died in 1781 at the Battle of Eutaw Springs. In 1751 or 1752, John Carlyle completed
2548-700: Was killed in South Carolina in the American Revolutionary War Battle of Eutaw Springs on 8 September 1781 at age 15, less than one year after the death of his father. Had George William Carlyle lived, he would have been entitled to the dormant barony as Lord Carlyle , after the death of his first cousin Joseph Dacre Carlyle who died without a son in 1804. Carlyle owned slaves and used them in his household and his multiple business ventures. As many other slave owners at this time he had
2600-466: Was owner of 4 ships, 3 of them capable of crossing the Atlantic to sell his products to France and Great Britain. The city of Belhaven was renamed to Alexandria, Virginia in 1779. On 26 January 1754, George Washington was appointed Colonel by Virginia's Lieutenant Governor Robert Dinwiddie , major and commissary of the Virginia forces in the French and Indian War . He was politically well-connected at
2652-583: Was the second surviving son of William Carlyle, an apothecary-surgeon, of a landed Scottish family from Dumfrieshire descended from the Lords Carlyle of Torthorwald and Rachel Murray of Murraythwaite , Dumfriesshire descendent of the Clan Murray , supporters of Robert the Bruce during First War of Scottish Independence . In the 1730s, John Carlyle trained as an apprentice to English merchant William Hicks in
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#17328761520652704-421: Was used to indicate leadership in a calm and firm manner, and at the same time, it was easier to paint. The room was also used as a dinner table for the family to spare the main dining room. The floor was made of silk and it had rhomboid patterns. At the time, ships arriving to the dock could be seen through the studio windows. The room also contains a fireplace. John Carlyle's children's bedrooms were located on
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