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24-596: Johanniskreuz lies in a saddle at about 470 metres (1,540 ft), north of the midpoint of the central massif of the Palatine Forest, the Frankenweide , whose surrounding peaks are only a little higher. The Frankenweide, across which the Palatine Watershed runs, is bounded to the west, north and east in the area of Johanniskreuz by the valleys of streams that rise near the hamlet. Immediately west of Johanniskreuz

48-418: A different axis, it is the low point between two peaks, so as such, is the likely 'optimal' high point in a pass if the saddle is traversed by a track, road or railway. The relationship between saddles and cols is not universally agreed upon. A col is sometimes defined as the lowest point on a saddle co-linear with the drainage divide that connects the peaks. Whittow describes a saddle as "low point or col on

72-633: A different direction, resembling a riding saddle or a mountain pass between two peaks forming a landform saddle. Speyer Speyer ( German: [ˈʃpaɪɐ] , older spelling Speier ; Palatine German : Schbaija ; French : Spire ), historically known in English as Spires , is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate in the western part of the Federal Republic of Germany with approximately 50,000 inhabitants. Located on

96-449: A measure of a hill's prominence , an important measure of the independence of its summit. Saddles lie on the line of the watershed between two hills . In structural geology , a saddle is a depression located along the axial trend of an anticline . A 'saddle point' in mathematics derives its name from the fact that the prototypical example in two dimensions is a surface that curves up in one direction, and curves down in

120-459: A ridge between two summits" , whilst the Oxford Dictionary of English implies that a col is the lowest point on the saddle. Monkhouse describes a saddle as a "broad, flat col in a ridge between two mountain summits." The term col tends to be associated more with mountain, rather than hill, ranges. The height of a summit above its highest saddle (called the key saddle ) is effectively

144-620: A western direction through the Karlstal to Trippstadt and southwest – Heltersberg, Waldfischbach-Burgalben – in places follow paths that were used in the Middle Ages . As the hub of several scenic routes Johanniskreuz has become a meeting place for motorcyclists. However, the road through the Elmsteiner Tal is closed to motorcycles at weekends during the summer months due to the high number of accidents. The nearest railway stations are Schopp on

168-561: Is September; the most precipitation falls in December, i.e. 1.6-times as much as in September. The name of the parish may go back to Johannes von Wilenstein . He was a liege lord (German: Lehnsherr ) at the nearby castle and, in 1269, he had his coat of arms inscribed as a boundary marker – apparently illegally – on an existing wayside cross ( Flurkreuz ) which belonged to the lords of Hohenecken . Lord John's Cross ( Herrn Johanns Creutz )

192-586: Is available to carry our safety work, the Roman Catholic Convention is no longer held in Johanniskreuz. Johanniskreuz has always been a central communication hub in the Palatine Forest. Whilst the most important historic link from Speyer to Metz ran from east to west and the area around Johanniskreuz was also part of the northern route of the Palatine St. James' Ways , today the main transport axis

216-485: Is first mentioned in the records in 1551. Only remnants of the oldest cross have survived; two crosses of more recent date were placed beside it. Since the district reform of 1972 Johanniskreuz has belonged entirely to the municipality of Trippstadt; before that several of the houses, based on the historic boundaries, were in the parish of Wilgartswiesen . At a meeting of Palatine forest officials in Johanniskreuz in August 1843

240-564: Is the B ;48 federal highway from Annweiler to Hochspeyer which runs from north to south. From the Queich valley to Hochspeyer, Johanniskreuz is the only settlement on this very route, which is very winding especially in the north. Also important from a transport perspective is the equally winding state road through the Elmstein Valley towards Neustadt an der Weinstraße . Other road links in

264-544: Is the Palatine Forest Mountain Bike Park ( Mountainbikepark Pfälzerwald ), for which 5 routes, together over 300 kilometres long, have been marked out. Johanniskreuz is also the intersection of all footpaths marked with a cross by the Palatine Forest Club . Saddle (landform) The saddle between two hills or mountains is the region surrounding the saddle point , the lowest point on

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288-687: Is the source of the Moosalb , a tributary of the Schwarzbach , which itself rises one kilometre southwest of Johanniskreuz. The waters of these streams initially flow westwards through the Blies and Saar rivers into the river Moselle and then on to the Rhine . A little to the east of Johanniskreuz is the source of another Schwarzbach , this time the left-hand headstream of the Speyerbach ; which flows eastwards, directly to

312-706: The Biebermühl Railway and Elmstein on the Cuckoo Railway ( Kuckucksbähnel ). Since the first attempts at developing tourism in the Palatine Forest in the 19th century, Johanniskreuz has been a top destination for visitors to the region. Spa houses ( Kurhäuser ) were established early on that, today, function as hotels. In 2004 the House of Sustainability ( Haus der Nachhaltigkeit ) opened, with permanent exhibitions about sustainable economics and future energy concepts as its main attraction. The latest tourist facility

336-454: The benefice there in 1906, he initiated the first Speyer Diocesan Catholic Convention ( Speyerer Diözesan-Katholikentag ) in Johanniskreuz. This Catholic Convention was a firm tradition in the Diocese of Speyer and took place annually at the venue selected by Fooß in Johanniskreuz until 2007. Many well known bishops, churchmen, politicians and otherwise notable Roman Catholics since 1908 went to

360-423: The drainage divide is a ridge along the high point of the saddle, as well as between the two peaks and so defines the major reference axis. A saddle can vary from a sharp, narrow gap to a broad, comfortable, sway-backed, shallow valley so long as it is both the high point in the sloping faces which descends to lower elevations and the low area between the two (or three or four. ) flanking summits. Concurrently, along

384-508: The Rhine. The municipal centre of Trippstadt is about 4.5 kilometres away as the crow flies . The municipal boundary between Trippstadt and Elmstein , as well as the county boundary between Kaiserslautern and Bad Dürkheim , runs immediately east of the hamlet. The annual precipitation in Johanniskreuz is 1,005 mm and thus lies in the upper quadrant of values within Germany. The driest month

408-534: The Teutonic tribe, Nemetes , settled in the area. The name Spira is first recorded in the 7th century, taken from villa Spira , a Frankish settlement situated outside of Civitas Nemetum . Speyer lies on the Schifferstadt-Wörth railway and offers hourly connections to Mannheim and Karlsruhe . Speyer Airfield (German: Flugplatz Speyer) ( ICAO : EDRY) is a general aviation airfield located 4 km south of

432-512: The annual convention in Johanniskreuz as guests, celebrants, preachers or speakers. On 19 July 1931, Anton Fooß, now living in Würzburg as an initiator, joined the event again as its keynote speaker. He gave a speech on the 40th anniversary of the death of Ludwig Windthorst entitled "Windthorst and Our Time". It was to be the last of these conventions before the Second World War . In 1932 it

456-718: The cathedral, beneath the high altar, are the tombs of eight Holy Roman Emperors and German kings . The city is famous for the 1529 Protestation at Speyer . One of the ShUM-cities which formed the cultural center of Jewish life in Europe during the Medieval / Middle Ages , Speyer and its Jewish courtyard was inscribed on the UNESCO ( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ) World Heritage List in 2021. The first known names were Noviomagus and Civitas Nemetum , after

480-522: The left bank of the river Rhine , Speyer lies 25 km (16 miles) south of Ludwigshafen and Mannheim , and 21 km (13 miles) south-west of Heidelberg . Founded by the ancient Romans as an fortified town on the northeast frontiers of their Roman Empire , it is one of Germany's oldest cities. Speyer Cathedral , a number of other churches, and the Altpörtel ("old gate") dominate the Speyer landscape. In

504-415: The line tracing the drainage divide (the col ) connecting the peaks. When, and if, the saddle is navigable, even if only on foot, the saddle of a (optimal) pass between the two massifs , is the area generally found around the lowest route on which one could pass between the two summits, which includes that point which is a mathematically when graphed a relative high along one axis, and a relative low in

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528-573: The name Pfälzerwald ("Palatine Forest") was given to the northern part of the Vosges mountains. In a way Johanniskreuz is thus the "birthplace" of the Palatine Forest which, until the early 20th century was counted as part of the Vosges or Wasgenwald in most travel literature. Johanniskreuz is part of the Roman Catholic parish of Trippstadt. In 1908, after the theology graduate, Anton Fooß , had taken over

552-401: The perpendicular axis, simultaneously; that point being by definition the col of the saddle. A saddle is the lowest area between two highlands ( prominences or peaks) which has two wings which span the divide (the line between the two prominences) by crossing the divide at an angle, and, so is concurrently the local highpoint of the land surface which falls off in the lower direction. That is,

576-646: Was cancelled because on the same day Reich Chancellor Heinrich Brüning was speaking at a major event of the Centre Party in Ludwigshafen . From 1933, during the Nazi era , these diocesan conventions could no longer take place. Only after the Second World War was the tradition revived. In 2007 it came to light that most of the old deciduous and pine trees at the woodland venue were in danger of falling. Because no funding

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