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45-517: In the late 1760s, Lane settled at Wake Cross Roads located in colonial Johnston County (now in present day central Wake County). Lane and his house played a key role in North Carolina's transition from colony to state and in the establishment of Raleigh as the state capital . Joel Lane's plantation manor stood on a small hill overlooking the future site of Raleigh. Lane owned thousands of acres, which enabled him to be influential in politics. Lane

90-533: A cash crop or reared pigs and cattle, which were sold in Virginia . Smithfield was the westernmost freight port on the Neuse River, and in 1770 the colonial government erected a tobacco warehouse there to store the crop before it was shipped out. Eli Whitney 's cotton gin was introduced in the county in about 1804, leading cotton to become the area's leading cash crop. Production for sale at markets remained low before

135-478: A female householder with no husband present, and 27.70% were non-families. 23.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.02. In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.10% under the age of 18, 8.10% from 18 to 24, 34.20% from 25 to 44, 21.70% from 45 to 64, and 9.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

180-445: A household in the county was $ 37,466, and for a family was $ 41,459. Males had a median income of $ 28,308 versus $ 22,379 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 17,376. About 10.4% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 16.8% of those under age 18 and 13.70% of those 65 or over. Cumberland County is a member of the regional Mid-Carolina Council of Governments . Cumberland County

225-611: A third died. Lingering political tensions and the emancipation of slaves created social and economic turmoil. The new state constitution of 1868 created the county's first townships, which were altered up until 1913. In 1886 the "Short-Cut" line of the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad was laid through Johnston, eventually giving rise to the towns of Kenly, Micro, Four Oaks, and Benson. The Panic of 1893 caused cotton prices to sharply decline, leading area farmers to switch to bright leaf tobacco as their primary cash crop. A new tobacco market

270-560: A transmitter in Clayton in 1988 before moving to Raleigh studios in 1995. Cumberland County, North Carolina Cumberland County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina . As of the 2020 census , the population was 334,728, making it the fifth-most populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Fayetteville . Cumberland County is part of the Fayetteville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county

315-815: Is also home to WPYB , 1130 AM in Benson, WHPY , 1590 AM in Clayton, WTSB , 1090 AM in Selma, and WKJO , 102.3 FM in Smithfield. The county is also part of the larger, 23-county Raleigh-Durham-Fayetteville Designated Market Area —the nation's 24th-largest . WNGT-CD , (virtual channel 34.1) a Class A low-powered TV station licensed to both Smithfield and Selma. The station began frequency sharing with Raleigh's WRAL-TV in November 2020, greatly expanding its coverage. Goldsboro -licensed CBS affiliate WNCN , virtual channel 17/RF channel 8, originally known as WYED-TV, signed on from studios and

360-485: Is also included in the Raleigh - Durham - Cary , NC Combined Statistical Area , which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023. Johnston County and St. Patrick 's Parish were established on June 28, 1746, from the upper part of Craven County . On March 1, 1752, part of Granville , Johnston, and Bladen counties were combined to form Orange County and St. Matthew 's Parish. On November 23, 1758, Johnston County

405-547: Is available to assist patrons with finding information but they cannot offer patrons legal advice. Some of the current services offered by the branch libraries include children's, young adult, and adult programming, genealogy and local history, homeschooling resources, and homework help for students. Cumberland County Public Library & Information Center offers patrons access to free downloads for audiobooks, ebooks, magazines, videos, and resources for education purposes. Patrons are able to access these resources remotely online via

450-646: Is home to Fayetteville State University (an HBCU in the CIAA Conference), Methodist University (a member of the USA South Athletic Conference ), and Fayetteville Technical Community College. The Cumberland County Schools district serves most areas for grades PK-12. The Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) operates public schools on Fort Liberty for PK-8, but for high school Fort Liberty students attend local public schools in their respective counties. The Cumberland Schools system

495-609: Is managed by the Johnston County School District , which has 46 schools and has more than 35,400 students. In addition, three charter schools and five private schools are located in the county. The Johnston County Public Affiliated Library system operates six branches throughout the county. The library system keeps books, periodicals and audio books and has recently expanded the selection to include downloadable e-books. The Hocutt-Ellington Memorial Library in Clayton left

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540-710: Is the West Regional Branch Library which opened in 2010, and the oldest branch was the Gillespie Street Branch, which originated as the James Walker Hood Library in 1942 and was a branch specifically for African Americans. Its mission statement is “The library opens windows to the world by encouraging expression, enlightenment, and exploration”. In 2012, the Cumberland County Public Library and Information Center received

585-619: Is the fourth largest public school system in the state of North Carolina . There are 17 high schools in Cumberland County: Cape Fear, Cross Creek Early College, Cumberland International Early College, Douglas Byrd, E.E. Smith, Fuller Performance Learning Center, Gray's Creek, Howard Health and Life Sciences, Jack Britt, Massey Hill Classical, Pine Forest, Reid Ross Classical, Seventy-First, South View, Terry Sanford, Alger B. Wilkins, Ramsey Street, and Westover. The Cumberland County Public Library & and Information Center began as

630-425: The 2020 census , there were 215,999 people, 73,567 households, and 53,743 families residing in the county. At the 2000 census , there were 121,965 people, 46,595 households, and 33,688 families residing in the county. The population density was 154 people per square mile (59 people/km ). There were 50,196 housing units at an average density of 63 units per square mile (24 units/km ). The racial makeup of

675-533: The Marquis de la Fayette , but the name Cumberland County was restored three months later. The county was represented as Fayette County in the North Carolina General Assembly of April 1784 . In 1855 the northern part of Cumberland County became Harnett County . Finally, in 1911 parts of Cumberland County and Robeson County were combined to form Hoke County . According to the U.S. Census Bureau ,

720-542: The National Academies of Emergency Dispatch in fire, police, and EMD protocols (giving them a Tri-ACE status). The dispatch has been re-accredited three times with the most recent being in 2017. For most of the time after the Civil War, Johnston County was a classic Solid South county, going Democratic in all but three elections from 1880 to 1964. However, from 1968 onward it has turned increasingly Republican , with

765-650: The National Medal for Museum and Library Service , which is only awarded to five libraries in the United States each year. In 2018, the Cumberland County Public Library and Information Center won two grants via the American Library Association and the Arts Council of Cumberland County for a total of $ 5,300.00. One grant was used to support a pilot program at a local high school and the other to support

810-466: The Revolutionary War , Wake Cross Roads was the site of important government meetings, both formal and informal. In 1776, Lane hosted the colony Council of Safety; the following year, he obtained a license for a small inn . From May to June 1781, Lane's property was the setting for a session of the state General Assembly. Lane served in the state Senate in 11 of the 14 sessions from 1782 to 1794. He

855-474: The poverty line , including 16.00% of those under age 18 and 19.40% of those age 65 or over. The county is governed by the Johnston County Board of Commissioners, a seven-member board of County Commissioners, elected to serve four-year terms. The commissioners enact policies such as establishment of the property tax rate, regulation of land use and zoning outside municipal jurisdictions, and adoption of

900-547: The 1850s due to poor transportation links with other parts of the state. In 1856 the North Carolina Railroad was completed, connecting Johnston County with major urban areas. As result, farming for sale increased, lumber and turpentine industries developed, and the towns of Princeton, Pine Level, Selma, and Clayton were eventually created. About 1,500 Johnstonian men fought in the American Civil War , of whom about

945-435: The 1920s the state built the county's first two paved highways, and shortly thereafter many towns began paving their main streets. While local commerce enjoyed significant success during the decade, area farmers struggled due to drops in tobacco and cotton prices. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 and ensuing Great Depression caused all banks in the county close. Following the passage of a state bond issue in 1949, most roads in

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990-881: The Cumberland County Board of Commissioners. Director Risacher was initially hired as the deputy director for the Cumberland County Public Library and Information Center in the late 1990s and became the library's director in 2008. Director Risacher was named the Library Director of the Year by the North Carolina Public Library Association in 2013. Cumberland County Public Library and Information Center has eight branches: Bordeaux Branch, Cliffdale Regional Branch, East Regional Branch, Headquarters Branch, Hope Mills Branch, North Regional Branch, Spring Lake Branch, and West Regional Branch. The newest branch

1035-697: The Cumberland County Storytelling Festival and Artrepreneur program. The Cumberland County Court Library, which was previously located in the Judge E. Maurice Braswell Courthouse, moved to the Headquarters Library in February 2018. The Court Library is now situated in the Local and State History Room and collection materials are now available to the general public via local libraries. Library staff

1080-584: The Fayetteville Library Society after being incorporated by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1794. The Fayetteville Library Society was the first library organization or group to become incorporated in the state of North Carolina. The current library director is Ms. Jody Risacher and she is also a member of the 2018 Library Board of Trustees for Cumberland County. Board of trustee members are appointed every three years by

1125-555: The Johnston County affiliated library system in 2015. The Bentonville Battlefield State Historic Site is the largest Civil War battlefield in North Carolina. The Battle of Bentonville was fought in 1865, and was the only Confederate offensive targeted to stop General Sherman 's march through the South . The Tobacco Farm Life Museum in Kenly has been collecting artifacts and showcasing

1170-415: The annual budget. Commissioners generally meet each month. Current (2024) members of the Johnston County Board of Commissioners are: Rick Hester is the county manager. Johnston County is a member of the regional Triangle J Council of Governments . In 2011, the Johnston County 911 Communications Center became one of four 911 agencies in the world to hold an Accredited Center of Excellence status from

1215-522: The county and its schools. Smithfield is the location of an annual Ava Gardner Festival, which celebrates the life of the actress. The Meadow community is the location of Meadow Lights , an annual display of Christmas lights . Johnston County is located in the Raleigh-Durham radio market, ranked by Nielsen as the 37th largest in the United States. Johnston County's first radio station, WMPM , 1270 AM, in Smithfield, signed on in 1950. The county

1260-473: The county and town streets were paved. Johnston County was named after Governor Gabriel Johnston by an act of the General Assembly during the creation of the county in 1746. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 795.65 square miles (2,060.7 km ), of which 792.02 square miles (2,051.3 km ) is land and 3.63 square miles (9.4 km ) (0.46%) is water. As of

1305-429: The county has a total area of 658.48 square miles (1,705.5 km ), of which 652.56 square miles (1,690.1 km ) is land and 5.92 square miles (15.3 km ) (0.90%) is water. As of the 2020 census , there were 334,728 people, 128,135 households, and 78,365 families residing in the county. At the 2010 census , 302,963 people, 107,358 households, and 77,619 families resided in the county. The population density

1350-420: The county was 78.09% White , 15.65% Black or African American , 0.41% Native American , 0.30% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 4.53% from other races , and 0.99% from two or more races. 7.74% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 46,595 households, out of which 35.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.80% were married couples living together, 10.60% had

1395-463: The damaged wood underneath. The house was then repainted to match its original color of garnet red. Johnston County, North Carolina Johnston County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina . As of the 2020 census , the population was 215,999. Its county seat is Smithfield . Johnston County is included in the Raleigh-Cary, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area , which

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1440-645: The heritage of the Eastern North Carolina farmer for over 35 years. The site includes a museum and restored farmstead, blacksmith shop, and one-room school house. The Ava Gardner Museum , located in Smithfield, contains a collection of artifacts such as scripts, movie posters, costumes and personal belongings of actress Ava Gardner , who was born and raised in Johnston County. The museum holds an annual festival. The Johnston County Heritage Centers in Smithfield contains county artifacts and genealogical records. The Johnston County Arts Council promotes arts in

1485-574: The only breaks in this tradition being its support for third-party candidate George Wallace in 1968 and for Democrat Jimmy Carter in 1976. Carter's unsuccessful bid for reelection in 1980 is the last time that a Democrat has managed even 40 percent of the county's vote. Johnston County is home to Johnston Community College (JCC), a public, two-year, post-secondary college located in Smithfield . The college has off-campus centers throughout Johnston County. Public K-12 education in all of Johnston County

1530-558: The site of new streets, homes and businesses. In 1911, the house was moved a short distance. In 1927, Lane's house was purchased by the National Society of Colonial Dames of America in the State of North Carolina to ensure its preservation. The organization continues to operate this Raleigh Historic Landmark as a house museum. In 2019, to celebrate the house's 250th anniversary, a restoration team removed 26 layers of paint in order to repair

1575-683: The use of the patron's library card number and pin. The library branches also offer computer training courses/classes, as well as story times, and opportunities for people or groups in the community to reserve spaces for meetings and programs. An October 2023 study released by Americans for the Arts , (AFTA) found that nonprofit arts and culture organizations in Fayetteville and Cumberland County created $ 72.2 million in total economic activity in 2022, supported over 1100 jobs, provided $ 44.1 million in personal income to residents and generated $ 9.5 million in local, state and federal tax revenue. At an April 2024 event

1620-414: Was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 98.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.30 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 40,872, and the median income for a family was $ 48,599. Males had a median income of $ 33,008 versus $ 25,582 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 18,788. About 8.90% of families and 12.80% of the population were below

1665-458: Was 464 people per square mile (179 people/km ). The 118,425 housing units had an average density of 181 units per square mile (70 units/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 55.15% White, 34.90% African American, 1.55% Native American, 1.88% Asian, 0.30% Pacific Islander, 3.13% from other races, and 3.09% from two or more races. About 6.90% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race. By 2005, Cumberland County's population

1710-431: Was 51.5% non-Hispanic Whites, 36.7% African American, 6.4% Latino, 3.1% more than one race, 2.1% Asian, and 1.7% Native American. Of the 107,358 households, 39.4% had children under 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were not families. About 22.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who

1755-406: Was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.65, and the average family size was 3.11. In the county, the age distribution was 27.9% under 18, 13.7% from 18 to 24, 32.9% from 25 to 44, 17.8% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 or older. The median age was 30.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.30 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 101.90 males. The median income for

1800-428: Was a member of the colonial General Assembly , and successfully lobbied to create Wake County in 1770, which was, at the time, a sparsely-settled wilderness. The county was named "Wake" in honor of Margaret Wake , wife of colonial Governor William Tryon . In 1771, Wake County's first county court is believed to have convened at his home. Lane was appointed a member of the court, a position he held until his death. During

1845-586: Was also a delegate to the 1789 convention in Halifax that ratified the United States Constitution . Lane was directly involved in the decision to locate the permanent capital of the state in Wake County. In 1792, the legislature authorized the purchase of 1,000 acres (4 km) of his land upon which to establish the city of "Raleigh" as the new center of state government. The community's western boundary

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1890-536: Was divided between the Parish of St. Patrick and the Parish of St. Stephen , St. Patrick's Parish becoming Dobbs County . On December 5, 1770, parts of Johnston, Cumberland , and Orange counties were combined to form Wake County and St. Margaret 's Parish. Finally, on February 13, 1855, parts of Edgecombe , Nash , Johnston, and Wayne counties were combined to form Wilson County . Most early growers in Johnston County were subsistence farmers . A few grew tobacco as

1935-460: Was drawn just east of Lane's house, and a street of the city was named in his honor. After Lane's death in 1795, Lane's house served several owners before being purchased by businessman William Boylan in 1818. The house, along with Montfort Hall , remained in the Boylan family until 1909. During this time, the city of Raleigh absorbed the house into its expanding boundaries. Lane's former plantation became

1980-401: Was established in Smithfield in 1898, and the county's first bank was created. Within several years, cotton mills were erected in Smithfield, Clayton, and Selma. During World War I , a brief surge in tobacco and cotton prices brought a boom to the local economy. As a result, the county embarked on a school-construction campaign and consolidated all public schools under a single county system. In

2025-545: Was formed in 1754 from Bladen County . It was named for Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (1721–1765), captain-general of the British army and victorious commander at the Battle of Culloden . In 1771 parts of Cumberland County, Johnston County , and Orange County were combined to form Wake County . In July 1784 the western part of Cumberland County became Moore County ; the eastern part became Fayette County in honor of

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