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119-563: Jodie Auckland Whittaker (born 17 June 1982) is an English actress. Her roles on television include the Thirteenth Doctor in Doctor Who (2017–2022) and Beth Latimer in Broadchurch (2013–2017). She came to prominence in her 2006 feature film debut Venus , for which she received British Independent Film Award and Satellite Award nominations. She was later praised for her roles in

238-428: A "backlash" over Whittaker's casting, and said there was "80% approval on social media". Moffat commented, "It strikes me that Doctor Who fans are more excited about the idea of a brilliant actress playing the part than the fact she's a woman. It's been incredibly progressive and enlightened." Guardian journalist Zoe Williams described Whittaker's casting as "the revolutionary feminist we need right now", lauding

357-498: A Time ". After regenerating , The Doctor falls out of the TARDIS and, in series premiere " The Woman Who Fell to Earth " (2018), lands in modern-day Sheffield , where she befriends retired bus driver Graham O'Brien ( Bradley Walsh ), his wife's grandson Ryan Sinclair ( Tosin Cole ), and police officer Yasmin "Yaz" Khan ( Mandip Gill ), with whom she successfully repels an alien hunter from

476-445: A citizen, but also as a son. Creon says "everything else shall be second to your father's decision" ( An. 640–641). His emphasis on being Haemon's father rather than his king may seem odd, especially in light of the fact that Creon elsewhere advocates obedience to the state above all else. It is not clear how he would personally handle these two values in conflict, but it is a moot point in the play, for, as absolute ruler of Thebes, Creon

595-511: A civil war for the Theban throne, which resulted in both brothers dying fighting each other. Oedipus' brother-in-law and new Theban ruler Creon ordered the public honoring of Eteocles and the public shaming of Thebes' traitor Polynices. The story follows the attempts of Antigone, the sister of Eteocles and Polynices, to bury Polynices, going against the decision of her uncle Creon and placing her relationship with her brother above human laws. Prior to

714-413: A debate over which course adheres best to strict justice. Both Antigone and Creon claim divine sanction for their actions; but Tiresias the prophet supports Antigone's claim that the gods demand Polynices' burial. It is not until the interview with Tiresias that Creon transgresses and is guilty of sin. He had no divine intimation that his edict would be displeasing to the gods and against their will. He

833-600: A fellow-citizen and burying him as is the custom for citizens. In prohibiting the people of Thebes from burying Polynices, Creon is essentially placing him on the level of the other attackers—the foreign Argives. For Creon, the fact that Polynices has attacked the city effectively revokes his citizenship and makes him a foreigner. As defined by this decree, citizenship is based on loyalty. It is revoked when Polynices commits what in Creon's eyes amounts to treason. When pitted against Antigone's view, this understanding of citizenship creates

952-543: A female Doctor was first mentioned in 1981, when Tom Baker suggested his successor might be female, after announcing the end of his tenure as the Fourth Doctor . Producer, John Nathan-Turner , later discussed the possibility of casting a woman as the Sixth Doctor to replace the departing Peter Davison 's Fifth Doctor , claiming it was feasible, but not something he was considering at the moment. In October 1986, during

1071-425: A goddess. Antigone accuses them of mocking her. Creon decides to spare Ismene and to bury Antigone alive in a cave. By not killing her directly, he hopes to pay minimal respects to the gods. She is brought out of the house, and this time, she is sorrowful instead of defiant. She expresses her regrets at not having married and dying for following the laws of the gods. She is taken away to her living tomb. Tiresias ,

1190-532: A hood, brown lace-up boots, blue socks and piercings on her left ear. Some fans noted that the outfit had similarities to earlier Doctors' costumes, with others comparing it to Robin Williams ' costume in the American sitcom Mork & Mindy . Whittaker stated that she worked with the show's costume designer Ray Holman (who had also worked before with Whittaker on Broadchurch ) to come up with her outfit, inspired by

1309-472: A long time. Heidegger, in his essay, The Ode on Man in Sophocles' Antigone , focuses on the chorus' sequence of strophe and antistrophe that begins on line 278. His interpretation is in three phases: first to consider the essential meaning of the verse, and then to move through the sequence with that understanding, and finally to discern what was nature of humankind that Sophocles was expressing in this poem. In

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1428-447: A lot of lies" after being cast to keep the information secret and used the codeword "Clooney" when talking about the role. Whittaker kept her mother in "the inner circle" regarding knowledge of the role, as her father, Adrian, "would have the ability to tell the world". She urged fans not to be afraid of her gender, saying " Doctor Who represents everything that's exciting about change. The fans have lived through so many changes, and this

1547-454: A new axis of conflict. Antigone does not deny that Polynices has betrayed the state, she simply acts as if this betrayal does not rob him of the connection that he would have otherwise had with the city. Creon, on the other hand, believes that citizenship is a contract; it is not absolute or inalienable, and can be lost in certain circumstances. These two opposing views – that citizenship is absolute and undeniable and alternatively that citizenship

1666-692: A passionate defender of justice, equality, fairness and resisted those who seek to dominate or destroy. Reaction among former Doctor Who actors was largely positive. Colin Baker , who portrayed the Sixth Doctor , quoting his own character in his introductory stories The Caves of Androzani and The Twin Dilemma , tweeted: "Change my dears and not a moment too soon — she IS the Doctor whether you like it or not!" In an opinion piece for The Guardian , Baker wrote that he had "never been able to think of any logical reason" why

1785-454: A photograph that she had found online. The photograph had been published in a 1988 issue of Sassy showing a number of female models in men's clothing, with the specific photo of a woman in trousers, braces and a T-shirt, walking with a purpose. Whittaker said she "just love[d] the androgyny of it, without it being masculine", and that "felt intriguing and kind of open to interpretation and I really love that". Additional elements drew out from

1904-616: A plan to rebuild the Cyber-Empire and wipe out all life in the universe. As the last fragments of humanity face destruction at the hands of the Cybermen, the Doctor is pulled through a portal to Gallifrey by the Master in " The Timeless Children ", where she learns of a radical cover-up of her origins: she is in fact the Timeless Child, an orphan from an unknown world whose unique power to regenerate

2023-509: A plot necessity so that she could be caught in the act of disobedience, leaving no doubt of her guilt. More than one commentator has suggested that it was the gods, not Antigone, who performed the first burial, citing both the guard's description of the scene and the chorus's observation. It's possible, however, that Antigone not only wants her brother to have burial rites, but that she wants his body to stay buried. The guard states that after they found that someone covered Polynices' body with dirt,

2142-409: A remarkable level of assurance." After watching the first five episodes of the eleventh series, Radio Times Flora Carr commented: "She's channelled the best elements of recent Doctors ( Matt Smith 's whimsy, David Tennant 's frenetic energy, Peter Capaldi 's wry humour...), but above all, she's made the role her own." Mark Braxton also said, "Jodie's Doctor is a whirlwind of likeability and energy,

2261-543: A result. After Creon condemns himself, the leader of the Chorus closes by saying that although the gods punish the proud, punishment brings wisdom. Antigone was written at a time of national fervor. In 441 BCE, shortly after the play was performed, Sophocles was appointed as one of the ten generals to lead a military expedition against Samos . It is striking that a prominent play in a time of such imperialism contains little political propaganda, no impassioned apostrophe , and—with

2380-649: A satirical version of the Thirteenth Doctor in the 1999 Comic Relief special, The Curse of Fatal Death . Arabella Weir also played an alternative Third Doctor in the Doctor Who Unbound Big Finish episode, Exile . Neither portrayal is typically considered to be within the show's main continuity. Producer, Jane Tranter , also considered casting Judi Dench as the Ninth Doctor . The concept of Time Lords changing sex upon regeneration

2499-422: A series of lectures in 1942, Hölderlin's Hymn, The Ister , Heidegger goes further in interpreting this play, and considers that Antigone takes on the destiny she has been given, but does not follow a path that is opposed to that of the humankind described in the choral ode. When Antigone opposes Creon, her suffering the uncanny is her supreme action. An important issue still debated regarding Sophocles' Antigone

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2618-517: A situation that invites the application of equity contra legem in order to correct the law. Sara Uribe 's Antígona González , a book of prose set in Tamaulipas, Mexico exploring violent and fatal effects of the drug war, draws heavily on Antigone to reflect everyone in Latin America searching for the missing loved one. In 2017 Kamila Shamsie published Home Fire , which transposes some of

2737-425: A stand in explaining why Antigone returned for the second burial when the first would have fulfilled her religious obligation, regardless of how stubborn she was. This leaves that she acted only in passionate defiance of Creon and respect to her brother's earthly vessel. Tycho von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff justifies the need for the second burial by comparing Sophocles' Antigone to a theoretical version where Antigone

2856-518: A tour de force that has relaunched the show with panache." BBC Drama controller Piers Wenger told Radio Times his opinion of Whittaker's performance, stating it was "intensely moral, a little distracted and bursting with energy, she's both the Doctor we know and a new version of the Time Lord. Gone is the daffiness and idiosyncrasy of her predecessors in favour of a Doctor with energy, spark and relatability." Conversely, some reviewers were critical of

2975-422: Is a breath of fresh air: a talented, emotionally engaged actress who brings warmth and humanity to a show that was largely in danger of disappearing up its own black hole. From the outset, she proves to be a charismatic presence, righting alien wrongs in the gleaming metropolis of Sheffield (of all places.) Likeable, funny, as brave as a lion, Whittaker's Doctor has ushered in a new era for this 55-year-old show, with

3094-459: Is a contemporary political fantasy based upon the Sophocles play, with Britt Ekland as Antigone and Pierre Clémenti as Tiresias. The 1978 omnibus film Germany in Autumn features a segment by Heinrich Böll entitled "The Deferred Antigone" where a fictional production of Antigone is presented to television executives who reject it as "too topical" . A 2019 Canadian film adaption transposed

3213-407: Is a force of breezy nature – rambunctious, quirky but with a reassuring familiar aura of Gallifreyan uncanniness." Adding upon this he stated "still, she's soon in her stride with a turn that swerves satisfyingly between whimsical and tom-boyish." Morgan Jeffery of Digital Spy called her debut performance "terrific" and "fizzling with energy". Ben Lawrence of The Telegraph commented "Whittaker

3332-510: Is an incarnation of the Doctor , the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who . She is played by Jodie Whittaker , the first woman to portray the character, in three series as well as five specials. Within the series's narrative, the Doctor is a millennia-old, alien Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey , with somewhat unknown origins, who travels in time and space in their TARDIS , frequently with companions . At

3451-401: Is an insult to human dignity. Ismene refuses to help her, not believing that it will actually be possible to bury their brother, who is under guard, but she is unable to stop Antigone from going to bury her brother herself. Creon enters and seeks the support of the Chorus in the days to come and, in particular, wants them to back his edict regarding the disposal of Polynices' body. The leader of

3570-447: Is apprehended during the first burial. In this situation, news of the illegal burial and Antigone's arrest would arrive at the same time and there would be no period of time in which Antigone's defiance and victory could be appreciated. J. L. Rose maintains that the problem of the second burial is solved by close examination of Antigone as a tragic character. Being a tragic character, she is completely obsessed by one idea, and for her this

3689-413: Is based on certain behavior – are known respectively as citizenship 'by nature' and citizenship 'by law.' Antigone's determination to bury Polynices arises from a desire to bring honor to her family, and to honor the higher law of the gods. She repeatedly declares that she must act to please "those that are dead" ( An. 77), because they hold more weight than any ruler, that is the weight of divine law. In

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3808-414: Is based on rational thought or instinct, a debate whose contributors include Goethe . The contrasting views of Creon and Antigone with regard to laws higher than those of state inform their different conclusions about civil disobedience. Creon demands obedience to the law above all else, right or wrong. He says that "there is nothing worse than disobedience to authority" ( An. 671). Antigone responds with

3927-481: Is emphasized by the Chorus in the lines that conclude the play. The German poet Friedrich Hölderlin , whose translation had a strong impact on the philosopher Martin Heidegger , brings out a more subtle reading of the play: he focuses on Antigone's legal and political status within the palace, her privilege to be the heiress (according to the legal instrument of the epiklerate ) and thus protected by Zeus. According to

4046-414: Is giving her brother his due respect in death and demonstrating her love for him and for what is right. When she sees her brother's body uncovered, therefore, she is overcome by emotion and acts impulsively to cover him again, with no regards to the necessity of the action or its consequences for her safety. Bonnie Honig uses the problem of the second burial as the basis for her claim that Ismene performs

4165-409: Is here warned that it is, but he defends it and insults the prophet of the gods. This is his sin, and it is this that leads to his punishment. The terrible calamities that overtake Creon are not the result of his exalting the law of the state over the unwritten and divine law that Antigone vindicates, but are his intemperance that led him to disregard the warnings of Tiresias until it was too late. This

4284-502: Is improper to keep a living body underneath the earth). Tiresias also prophesies that all of Greece will despise Creon and that the sacrificial offerings of Thebes will not be accepted by the gods. The leader of the Chorus, terrified, asks Creon to take Tiresias' advice to free Antigone and bury Polynices. Creon assents, leaving with a retinue of men. A messenger enters to tell the leader of the Chorus that Haemon has killed himself. Eurydice , Creon's wife and Haemon's mother, enters and asks

4403-440: Is incredibly lively, warm, funny, energetic, inclusive – she's the greatest friend you could wish to have as your guide around the universe." In the same article, Whittaker also added that her Doctor "speak[s] at a hundred miles an hour," while actress Mandip Gill who plays companion Yaz Khan, commented that Whittaker's Doctor "has a similar energy to Matt Smith 's Doctor... Very high energy. Jodie has that about her Doctor." In

4522-474: Is only a new, different one, not a fearful one." Chibnall said that he always wanted a woman for the part and that Whittaker was their first choice. Reaction to Whittaker's casting was mostly positive, although a "sizeable minority" was unhappy. Some said that a female Doctor would be a good role model for young girls, while others felt the Doctor was only ever meant to be male, or criticised the casting as an exercise in political correctness . Whittaker debuted in

4641-501: Is referenced a total of 13 times by name in the entire play, and Apollo is referenced only as a personification of prophecy. This lack of mention portrays the tragic events that occur as the result of human error, and not divine intervention. The gods are portrayed as chthonic , as near the beginning there is a reference to "Justice who dwells with the gods beneath the earth." Sophocles references Olympus twice in Antigone. This contrasts with

4760-443: Is the problem of the second burial. When she poured dust over her brother's body, Antigone completed the burial rituals and thus fulfilled her duty to him. Having been properly buried, Polynices' soul could proceed to the underworld whether or not the dust was removed from his body. However, Antigone went back after his body was uncovered and performed the ritual again, an act that seems to be completely unmotivated by anything other than

4879-433: Is the state, and the state is Creon. It is clear how he feels about these two values in conflict when encountered in another person, Antigone: loyalty to the state comes before family fealty, and he sentences her to death. In Antigone as well as the other Theban Plays, there are very few references to the gods. Hades is the god who is most commonly referred to, but he is referred to more as a personification of Death . Zeus

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4998-560: The Almeida Theatre . In Whittaker's first major role, she co-starred as Jessie in the film Venus (2006), receiving British Independent Film Award and Satellite Award nominations. Her radio credits at that time included a 2008 adaptation of Blinded by the Sun by Stephen Poliakoff and playing Lydia Bennett in Unseen Austen , an original drama by Judith French. In 2009, she worked on

5117-561: The Guildhall School of Music and Drama , graduating in 2005 with an acting gold medal. Whittaker made her professional debut in The Storm at Shakespeare's Globe in 2005. She has since worked in film, television, radio and theatre. In 2007, she stood in at short notice for an unwell Carey Mulligan in the Royal Court 's production of The Seagull , and appeared in a fundraising play at

5236-567: The National Film Awards . She also took one of the lead roles in the hit ITV crime drama Broadchurch (2013–2017) and the four-part BBC One medical drama Trust Me (2017). On 16 July 2017, the BBC announced Whittaker would play the Thirteenth Doctor in the science fiction television series Doctor Who ; she is the first woman to play the Doctor . She had previously worked with incoming Doctor Who showrunner Chris Chibnall on Broadchurch . She admitted that she had to "tell

5355-513: The New Year's Day special " Resolution " (2019), her friends encounter a Dalek for the first time when it is awakened by archaeologists in Sheffield. The Dalek is defeated before it can signal a broader Dalek invasion of Earth. In " Spyfall " (2020), the Doctor faces off against the regenerated Master ( Sacha Dhawan ), who reveals that he has destroyed their home planet of Gallifrey in revenge for

5474-560: The partition of India in " Demons of the Punjab "; preventing a plan to kill millions galaxy-wide as part of a labour protest, in " Kerblam! "; and repelling an alien invasion alongside James VI and I in Jacobean Lancashire, in " The Witchfinders ". In series finale " The Battle of Ranskoor Av Kolos ", the Doctor is drawn into a second confrontation with the Stenza she faced in Sheffield. In

5593-465: The twelfth series , Whittaker's second series, began production in November 2018. The series premiere aired on 1 January 2020. Whittaker continued on in the role for the thirteenth series . Whittaker and Chibnall stated they would exit the show following the thirteenth series and three specials , which aired through 2022. Chibnall said "Jodie and I made a 'three series and out' pact with each other at

5712-407: The 13th Doctor’s characterisation, Whittaker's performance or both. Merryana Salem of Junkee panned her performance as "constantly fidgety, rambling and flitting about like a primary school teacher with too much caffeine on board in what constantly felt like a weak impersonation of the character". In an article for The Daily Telegraph , Ed Power called Whittaker "talented", but felt her character

5831-560: The 2017 Christmas special " Twice Upon a Time ". In November 2018, the BBC confirmed that the twelfth series , Whittaker's second series, began production. Whittaker returned for the thirteenth series , and also voiced the Doctor in the 2022 BBC Sounds podcast Doctor Who: Redacted . She departed the programme following the series and three associated specials in 2022. Dustin Rowles praised Whittaker but expressed sadness that she "didn’t get to play

5950-399: The BBC announced that the portrayer of the Thirteenth Doctor would be revealed after the 2017 Wimbledon Championships men's finals on 16 July 2017. Whittaker was introduced as the Thirteenth Doctor on 16 July and subsequently made her debut in the 2017 Christmas special " Twice Upon a Time" and starring in the eleventh series . On Whittaker's casting, Chibnall said, "I always knew I wanted

6069-810: The Best Actress Category, at the ITalkTelly Awards in the Best Dramatic Performance category, and she won the Heat Magazine Unmissable Award for actress of the year. In 2019, Whittaker received a Saturn Award nomination for Best Actress on Television for her performance in the eleventh series, making her the third person to receive a Saturn Award nomination for playing the Doctor after Paul McGann and David Tennant . Antigone (Sophocles play) After Oedipus ' self-exile, his sons Eteocles and Polynices engaged in

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6188-555: The Choaí ( libations ), and "perhaps the rite was considered completed only if the Choaí were poured while the dust still covered the corpse." Gilbert Norwood explains Antigone's performance of the second burial in terms of her stubbornness. His argument says that had Antigone not been so obsessed with the idea of keeping her brother covered, none of the deaths of the play would have happened. This argument states that if nothing had happened, nothing would have happened, and does not take much of

6307-415: The Chorus pledges his support out of deference to Creon. A sentry enters, fearfully reporting that the body has been given funeral rites and a symbolic burial with a thin covering of earth, though no one saw who actually committed the crime. Creon, furious, orders the sentry to find the culprit or face death himself, the sentry leaves. The sentry returns, bringing Antigone with him. The sentry explains that

6426-406: The Chorus that Eurydice has also killed herself. With her last breath, she cursed her husband for the deaths of her sons, Haemon and Megareus . Creon blames himself for everything that has happened, and, a broken man, he asks his servants to help him inside. The order he valued so much has been protected, and he is still the king, but he has acted against the gods and lost his children and his wife as

6545-482: The Doctor could not be a woman, and described himself as "shocked" that some fans of the show were vowing not to watch again due to Whittaker's casting. Conversely, Peter Davison , who portrayed the Fifth Doctor , stated that the casting would mean the "loss of a role model for boys". Nevertheless, he noted that Whittaker is a "terrific actress" and would do "a wonderful job" in the role. Baker and Davison argued over

6664-508: The Doctor gives a partially-converted Cyberman ( Patrick O'Kane ) from the future a compendium containing all knowledge of the fallen Cyber-Empire, in order to save the life of Percy Shelley (Lewis Rainer) and protect human history. The Doctor and her friends pursue the Lone Cyberman to the future and the aftermath of the Cyber-Wars in " Ascension of the Cybermen ", where he has set in motion

6783-735: The Doctor regenerates overlooking the view from Durdle Door , and finds their new body is the same as an old one (played by David Tennant ). The first book to feature the Thirteenth Doctor was the short story collection Doctor Who: Twelve Angels Weeping by Dave Rudden , released in October 2018. New Series Adventures released three novels starring the Thirteenth Doctor, Graham O'Brien, Ryan Sinclair and Yaz Khan in October/November 2018: The Good Doctor , Molten Heart , and Combat Magicks . A novel targeted at younger readers, The Secret in Vault 13 ,

6902-400: The Doctor under a different showrunner", stating that Chibnall "just wasn’t right for Doctor Who". Whittaker will reprise her role as the Thirteenth Doctor in a new series of Doctor Who audio dramas from Big Finish Productions from 2025. In February 2023, a press release indicated that Whittaker was filming for a six-part Australian drama series One Night for Paramount+ . The series

7021-540: The Doctor's forgotten past as a Division agent, returns to take revenge upon her. At the same time, the Flux, a cosmic event that has the power to destroy entire galaxies, rips through the universe, and Sontarans , Daleks, Cybermen, and Weeping Angels begin amassing. Swarm and his sister Azure attempt to trap the universe in a loop where it will be continually destroyed by the Flux, while the Sontarans attempt to survive it by having

7140-454: The Flux. The crisis concludes with Dan joining the Doctor and Yaz as a full-time companion, but the Doctor is troubled by a warning that her end is nearing. In " Legend of the Sea Devils " (2022), Yaz confesses to the Doctor that she holds romantic feelings for her, which the Doctor acknowledges but discourages Yaz from acting on, as it will only lead to heartbreak. In " The Power of the Doctor ",

7259-507: The Master returns alongside his CyberMasters in an alliance with the Daleks to eliminate the Doctor once and for all by stealing her body through a forced regeneration. Although defeated narrowly by Yaz and some of the Doctor's friends and past companions, the Master is able to land a fatal laser attack on the Doctor. When her regeneration process starts, she chooses to spend some quality time with Yaz before parting ways with her one last time. Alone,

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7378-621: The New Year's Day special " Revolution of the Daleks " (2021), and with his help the TARDIS crew prevent an attempted takeover of Earth by clones of the Dalek discovered in Sheffield. Following this adventure, Jack, Ryan, and Graham choose to stay behind on Earth, leaving Yaz as the Doctor's sole travelling companion. In Series 13 (2021), titled "Flux", the Doctor and Yaz are joined by new companion Dan Lewis ( John Bishop ) as Swarm ( Sam Spruell ), an enemy from

7497-640: The Seventh Doctor, the reunion with the Thirteenth Doctor encouraging Ace to reconsider her relationship with the Doctor. Doctor Who: The Runaway is a VR game released for Oculus Rift and HTC Vive in 2019, and via Steam in 2020. In July 2024, Big Finish Productions announced that Whittaker would reprise her role as the Doctor for a series of audio dramas, alongside Gill returning as Yaz. The Thirteenth Doctor Adventures will start in July 2025 and run for twelve episodes. Fan reaction to Whittaker's casting

7616-449: The Thirteenth Doctor to be a woman and we're thrilled to have secured our number one choice. Her audition for The Doctor simply blew us all away." Later on in his statement, Chibnall called Whittaker "an in-demand, funny, inspiring, super-smart force of nature" and said that she "will bring loads of wit, strength and warmth to the role." In an interview with Tenth Doctor actor and Broadchurch co-star David Tennant , Whittaker said she

7735-660: The Time Lords having lied to them about their species' origins, concerning a story of the "Timeless Child". In " Fugitive of the Judoon ", the Doctor learns her former companion Jack Harkness ( John Barrowman ) has sent her a warning – "Do not give the Lone Cyberman what it wants" – just as she was encountering a past incarnation of herself (played by Jo Martin ), that she has no recollection of being. The Doctor ignores Jack's warning in " The Haunting of Villa Diodati ", when

7854-479: The announcement of Whittaker's casting, fans and scholars discussed the possibility of a female Doctor and analysed the benefits of such a regeneration. When referring to whether the new Doctor would be a woman, incoming Doctor Who showrunner Chris Chibnall originally was quoted in February 2017, as saying, "Nothing is ruled out but I don't want the casting to be a gimmick and that's all I can say". On 14 July 2017,

7973-453: The battlefield, prey for carrion animals, the harshest punishment at the time. Antigone and Ismene are the sisters of the dead Polynices and Eteocles. In the opening of the play, Antigone brings Ismene outside the palace gates late at night for a secret meeting: Antigone wants to bury Polynices' body, in defiance of Creon's edict, as the Greeks believed that to omission of proper burial rights

8092-447: The beginning of the play, the brothers Eteocles and Polynices , leading opposite sides in Thebes ' civil war, died fighting each other for the throne. Creon , the new ruler of Thebes and brother of the former Queen Jocasta , has decided that Eteocles will be honored and Polynices will be in public shame. The rebel brother's body will not be sanctified by holy rites and will lie unburied on

8211-409: The birds and animals left the body alone (lines 257–258). But when the guards removed the dirt, then the birds and animals returned, and Tiresias emphasizes that birds and dogs have defiled the city's altars and hearths with the rotting flesh from Polynices' body; as a result of which the gods will no longer accept the peoples' sacrifices and prayers (lines 1015–1020). It's possible, therefore, that after

8330-459: The blind prophet, enters. Tiresias warns Creon that Polynices should now be urgently buried because the gods are displeased, refusing to accept any sacrifices or prayers from Thebes. However, Creon accuses Tiresias of being corrupt. Tiresias responds that Creon will lose "a son of [his] own loins" for the crimes of leaving Polynices unburied and putting Antigone into the earth (he does not say that Antigone should not be condemned to death, only that it

8449-608: The burial of its citizens. Herodotus discussed how members of each city would collect their own dead after a large battle to bury them. In Antigone , it is therefore natural that the people of Thebes did not bury the Argives, but very striking that Creon prohibited the burial of Polynices. Since he is a citizen of Thebes, it would have been natural for the Thebans to bury him. Creon is telling his people that Polynices has distanced himself from them, and that they are prohibited from treating him as

8568-499: The casting at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con. Tom Baker , who portrayed the Fourth Doctor , reacted positively to the news. However, he warned that if the audience were to lose interest, Whittaker should be replaced: "I think it might be quite nice to have a woman. But you [BBC] just test it. If the audience don't like it then just kill her off. ... Nobody has ever failed by the way, nobody has, it's just how it is." Freema Agyeman , who played Martha Jones between 2007 and 2010, said she

8687-421: The character was known as Missy, short for "Mistress". The tenth series finale, " World Enough and Time " / " The Doctor Falls ", addresses cross-gender regeneration several times; the Doctor tells his companion Bill Potts ( Pearl Mackie ) that Missy was "his first man-crush", and adds that he is only "fairly sure" he himself was male at the time, although the remark may have been flippant. Two years prior to

8806-453: The chorus is composed of old men who are largely unwilling to see civil disobedience in a positive light. The chorus also represents a typical difference in Sophocles' plays from those of both Aeschylus and Euripides. A chorus of Aeschylus' almost always continues or intensifies the moral nature of the play, while one of Euripides' frequently strays far from the main moral theme. The chorus in Antigone lies somewhere in between; it remains within

8925-401: The clip in which the casting of Whittaker was announced, she wears a grey overcoat over a black hoodie . The first images of Whittaker's official costume as the Doctor were released to the media on 9 November 2017. The Thirteenth Doctor's costume features blue high-waisted culottes with yellow braces , a navy blue t-shirt with a rainbow stripe across it, a lilac-blue trenchcoat with

9044-522: The combined matter of the Daleks' and Cybermen's fleets absorb and stop the Flux. An alien race called the Lupari, meanwhile, defend the Earth from the Flux. The Doctor manages to split herself into three temporal entities, one letting herself be tortured by Swarm at Division, while the other two sabotage the Sontarans' plan so that they are destroyed with the Daleks and the Cybermen, before the Doctor safely redirects

9163-406: The crime, wishing to die alongside her sister, but Antigone will not have it. Creon orders that the two women be imprisoned. Haemon , Creon's son, enters to pledge allegiance to his father, even though he is engaged to Antigone. He initially seems willing to forsake Antigone, but when he gently tries to persuade his father to spare Antigone, claiming that "under cover of darkness the city mourns for

9282-562: The cult science fiction film Attack the Block (2011) and the Black Mirror episode " The Entire History of You " (2011). In 2017, Whittaker became the thirteenth lead actor to play the Doctor in Doctor Who ; She formally assumed the role from Peter Capaldi in " Twice Upon a Time ". Whittaker appeared in her first full series in the eleventh series , which premiered in 2018. She continued in

9401-591: The decision as "the difference between tolerating modernity and embodying it". Williams compared the casting of a female Doctor to other examples of the show breaking "cultural taboo[s]", mentioning companions Captain Jack Harkness ( John Barrowman ) and Bill Potts ( Pearl Mackie ) as examples of the show's diversity. The world we live in has a history of male domination, of stereotyping, of resistance to change, of playing it safe. Doctor Who has never been about that. The Doctor in all his incarnations has always been

9520-571: The end of life, the Doctor regenerates ; as a result, the physical appearance and personality of the Doctor change. Whittaker's incarnation is a light-hearted adventurer with a passion for building things, placing a high value on friendships and striving for non-violent solutions. Preceded in regeneration by the Twelfth Doctor ( Peter Capaldi ), she is followed by the Fourteenth Doctor ( David Tennant ). This incarnation's first companions were

9639-401: The exception of the epiklerate (the right of the daughter to continue her dead father's lineage) and arguments against anarchy—makes no contemporary allusion or passing reference to Athens. Rather than become sidetracked with the issues of the time, Antigone remains focused on the characters and themes within the play. It does, however, expose the dangers of the absolute ruler, or tyrant, in

9758-454: The films Ollie Kepler's Expanding Purple World and Perrier's Bounty , as well as the BBC Two drama Royal Wedding and the short film Wish 143 , which was nominated for Best Live Action Short Film at the 83rd Academy Awards . In the early 2010s, Whittaker co-starred in the anthology series Accused (2010) and the adaptation of Sarah Waters 's novel The Night Watch , followed by

9877-448: The first burial, and that her pseudo-confession before Creon is actually an honest admission of guilt. A well established theme in Antigone is the right of the individual to reject society's infringement on one's freedom to perform a personal obligation. Antigone comments to Ismene, regarding Creon's edict, that "He has no right to keep me from my own." Related to this theme is the question of whether Antigone's will to bury her brother

9996-403: The first two lines of the first strophe, in the translation Heidegger used, the chorus says that there are many strange things on earth, but there is nothing stranger than man. Beginnings are important to Heidegger, and he considered those two lines to describe the primary trait of the essence of humanity within which all other aspects must find their essence. Those two lines are so fundamental that

10115-516: The folly of tyranny. The Chorus in Antigone contrasts with the chorus in Aeschylus' Seven Against Thebes , the play of which Antigone is a continuation. In a scene modern scholars believe to have been written after Aeschylus's death in order to make it consonant with Sophocles's play, the chorus in Seven Against Thebes is largely supportive of Antigone's decision to bury her brother. Here,

10234-405: The general moral in the immediate scene, but allows itself to be carried away from the occasion or the initial reason for speaking. Once Creon has discovered that Antigone buried her brother against his orders, the ensuing discussion of her fate is devoid of arguments for mercy because of youth or sisterly love from the Chorus, Haemon or Antigone herself. Most of the arguments to save her center on

10353-413: The girl", the discussion deteriorates, and the two men are soon bitterly insulting each other. When Creon threatens to execute Antigone in front of his son, Haemon leaves, vowing never to see Creon again. Antigone is brought in under guard on her way to execution. She sings a lament. The Chorus compares her to the goddess Niobe, who was turned into a rock, and say it is a wonderful thing to be compared to

10472-413: The guards remove the dirt protecting the body, Antigone buries him again to prevent the offense to the gods. Even though Antigone has already performed the burial rite for Polynices, Creon, on the advice of Tiresias (lines 1023–1030), makes a complete and permanent burial for his body. Richard C. Jebb suggests that the only reason for Antigone's return to the burial site is that the first time she forgot

10591-418: The idea that state law is not absolute, and that it can be broken in civil disobedience in extreme cases, such as honoring the gods, whose rule and authority outweigh Creon's. Creon's decree to leave Polynices unburied in itself makes a bold statement about what it means to be a citizen, and what constitutes abdication of citizenship. It was the firmly kept custom of the Greeks that each city was responsible for

10710-432: The legal practice of classical Athens, Creon is obliged to marry his closest relative (Haemon) to the late king's daughter in an inverted marriage rite, which would oblige Haemon to produce a son and heir for his dead father in law. Creon would be deprived of grandchildren and heirs to his lineage – a fact that provides a strong realistic motive for his hatred against Antigone. This modern perspective has remained submerged for

10829-652: The main cast of the Netflix limited series Toxic Town , based on the Corby toxic waste case . Whittaker met Christian Contreras, a Belizean-American actor and writer, in drama school, and they married in Arizona in 2008. She gave birth to their daughter in April 2015, and had their second child in 2022. As of 2018, they reside in London. Thirteenth Doctor The Thirteenth Doctor

10948-531: The messenger to tell her everything. The messenger reports that Creon saw to the burial of Polynices. When Creon arrived at Antigone's cave, he found Haemon lamenting over Antigone, who had hanged herself. Haemon unsuccessfully attempted to stab Creon, then stabbed himself. Having listened to the messenger's account, Eurydice silently disappears into the palace. Creon enters, carrying Haemon's body. He understands that his own actions have caused these events and blames himself. A second messenger arrives to tell Creon and

11067-548: The moral and political questions in Antigone into the context of Islam, ISIS and modern-day Britain. 2023 saw bestselling author Veronica Roth publish a speculative fiction version of Antigone, Arch-Conspirator , which explores concepts of gender equity, reproductive rights, and the loss of freedoms under self-righteous tyranny. George Tzavellas adapted the play into a 1961 film , which he also directed. It featured Irene Papas as Antigone. Liliana Cavani's 1970 I Cannibali

11186-489: The opening scene, she makes an emotional appeal to her sister Ismene saying that they must protect their brother out of sisterly love, even if he did betray their state. Antigone believes that there are rights that are inalienable because they come from the highest authority, or authority itself, that is the divine law. While he rejects Antigone's actions based on family honor, Creon appears to value family himself. When talking to Haemon, Creon demands of him not only obedience as

11305-620: The other Athenian tragedians, who reference Olympus often. Antigone's love for family is shown when she buries her brother, Polynices. Haemon was deeply in love with his cousin and fiancée Antigone, and he killed himself in grief when he found out that his beloved Antigone had hanged herself. Following in the Aristotelian tradition, Antigone is also seen as a case-study for equity . Catharine Titi has likened Antigone 's 'divine' law to modern peremptory norms of customary international law ( ius cogens ) and she has discussed Antigone's dilemma as

11424-448: The person of Creon, a king to whom few will speak freely and openly their true opinions, and who therefore makes the grievous error of condemning Antigone, an act that he pitifully regrets in the play's final lines. Athenians, proud of their democratic tradition, would have identified his error in the many lines of dialogue which emphasize that the people of Thebes believe he is wrong, but have no voice to tell him so. Athenians would identify

11543-491: The photograph. Whittaker wanted a coat that flowed with her actions and gave her pockets but otherwise did not have any fasteners, and she wanted some colour within the outfit but without going too "cartoonish". Holman added violet to the inside of the coat's sleeves, a reference to the violet-and-green colours of the Suffragettes . The Thirteenth Doctor makes her debut in the final scene of 2017 Christmas special " Twice Upon

11662-410: The rest of the verse is spent catching up with them. The authentic Greek definition of humankind is the one who is strangest of all. Heidegger's interpretation of the text describes humankind in one word that captures the extremes — deinotaton . Man is deinon in the sense that he is the terrible, violent one, and also in the sense that he uses violence against the overpowering. Man is twice deinon . In

11781-482: The role in the twelfth series in 2020 and thirteenth series in 2021. She stepped down after three special episodes in 2022, alongside showrunner Chris Chibnall . Jodie Auckland Whittaker was born on 17 June 1982 in Skelmanthorpe, West Yorkshire . She is the second child and only daughter of Yvonne (née Auckland) and Adrian Whittaker. She attended Scissett Middle School and Shelley High School before training at

11900-403: The role of Ffion in the Black Mirror episode " The Entire History of You ". In film, she starred in the cult science fiction comedy horror Attack the Block , as well as in projects like The Kid (2010), One Day (2011), Hello Carter (2013) and Good Vibrations (2013). She also returned to the stage in the contemporary staging of the classic Greek tragedy Antigone , playing

12019-533: The scripts, characterisation, and the additions to previously established lore concerning the Doctor's origins in the episode " The Timeless Children ". For the 23rd Satellite Awards , Whittaker received a nomination for Best Actress in a Series, Drama/Genre . Whittaker was also nominated at the National Television Awards in the Best Dramatic Performance category, in the TV Choice Awards in

12138-448: The show after the tenth series ; he was set to be replaced by new showrunner, Chris Chibnall . Peter Capaldi confirmed a year later that the tenth series would be his last as well. Following this news, several media reports and bookmakers had speculated as to who would replace Capaldi as the Thirteenth Doctor. Bookmakers' favourites included Ben Whishaw , Phoebe Waller-Bridge , Kris Marshall , and Tilda Swinton . The concept of

12257-480: The start of this once-in-a-lifetime blast. So now our shift is done, and we're handing back the Tardis keys. Jodie's magnificent, iconic Doctor has exceeded all our high expectations." She was succeeded by Tennant as the Fourteenth Doctor . Interviewed by Radio Times , Chibnall described the Thirteenth Doctor as "absolutely the Doctor, but there's a new calibration, a new mixture of Doctorishness. The Thirteenth Doctor

12376-524: The story into one of a modern-day immigrant family in Montreal . It was adapted and directed by Sophie Deraspe , with additional inspiration from the Death of Fredy Villanueva . Antigone was played by Nahéma Ricci . Vittorio Cottafavi directed two television productions of the play, in 1958 for RAI Radiotelevisione Italiana and in 1971 for Rai 1 . Valentina Fortunato and Adriana Asti , respectively, performed

12495-585: The title role opposite Christopher Eccleston as Creon . In 2014, she appeared as Sandra Grimes in the reality-based spy drama miniseries The Assets and as Anna in the BAFTA -nominated short film Emotional Fusebox , later reprising the role in its feature-length version, Adult Life Skills , and earning nominations in the Best Actress category at both the British Independent Film Awards and

12614-667: The title role. It was filmed for Australian TV in 1966 . In 1986, Juliet Stevenson starred as Antigone, with John Shrapnel as Creon and John Gielgud as Tiresias in the BBC 's The Theban Plays . Antigone at the Barbican was a 2015 filmed-for-TV version of a production at the Barbican directed by Ivo van Hove ; the translation was by Anne Carson and the film starred Juliette Binoche as Antigone and Patrick O'Kane as Kreon. Other TV adaptations of Antigone have starred Irene Worth (1949) and Dorothy Tutin (1959), both broadcast by

12733-457: The transmission of Colin Baker 's final season as the Sixth Doctor, series creator, Sydney Newman , wrote to BBC Controller, Michael Grade , with a suggestion that "at a later stage, Doctor Who should be metamorphosed into a woman". Dawn French , Joanna Lumley , and Frances de la Tour , were suggested by Newman in 1986 for the role, but were dismissed by the BBC. Lumley later appeared as

12852-629: The trio of dyspraxic part-time warehouse worker Ryan Sinclair ( Tosin Cole ), his step-grandfather and retired bus driver Graham O'Brien ( Bradley Walsh ), and probationary police officer Yasmin "Yaz" Khan ( Mandip Gill ), all of whom she met shortly after her regeneration; after splitting up with the first two, she travels with Yaz and food bank volunteer Dan Lewis ( John Bishop ). She also had one-episode reunions with former companions Captain Jack Harkness ( John Barrowman ), Tegan Jovanka ( Janet Fielding ), and Ace ( Sophie Aldred ). In January 2016, Steven Moffat announced that he would leave

12971-471: The warlike Stenza race. The Doctor builds a device to return her to the TARDIS, but accidentally teleports her new friends with her; the group help retrieve the TARDIS on an alien world in " The Ghost Monument ". After a trip to segregation-era Alabama in " Rosa ", Graham, Ryan, and Yaz agree to being full-time companions in " Arachnids in the UK ". Subsequent trips include visiting Yaz's grandmother in 1947; witnessing

13090-436: The watchmen uncovered Polynices' body and then caught Antigone as she did the funeral rituals. Creon questions her after sending the sentry away, and she does not deny what she has done. She argues unflinchingly with Creon about the immorality of the edict and the morality of her actions. Creon becomes furious, and seeing Ismene upset, thinks she must have known of Antigone's plan. He summons her. Ismene tries to confess falsely to

13209-525: Was "astounded" by the negative reception from some fans, noting that the show's history of change was key to its strength and longevity. Other former cast members Christopher Eccleston , Sylvester McCoy , Katy Manning , David Tennant , Billie Piper , Karen Gillan and John Barrowman reacted positively to the news. Whittaker received positive reviews for her portrayal in the eleventh series. Ed Power of The Independent applauded her introduction in " The Woman Who Fell to Earth ", commenting "Whittaker

13328-494: Was "let down by poorly-thought-out, at times nonsensical, plotlines". Both Bleeding Cool ' s Adi Tantimedh and The Escapist ' s Darren Mooney criticised the Thirteen Doctor for doing little to combat social and political injustices as if "afraid of challenging the status quo". Other aspects of Whittaker's tenure have been considered divisive, with praise for the series' improved production values, but criticism for

13447-450: Was didn't grow up watching Doctor Who and had decided against watching it to prepare for the role, saying: "I started to watch a bit during my audition process and I quickly decided that was not the way for me...It just made me panic...[Chibnall] said to me, 'you're not coming in and playing the Doctor, you're playing the truth of the scene and the Doctor will come out of that'... so, that's what I did." In November 2018, BBC confirmed that

13566-441: Was largely positive, although "a sizeable minority protested that the Doctor shouldn't be played by a woman." Some said that a female Doctor would be a good role model for young girls, while others felt the Doctor was only ever meant to be male, or criticised the casting as an exercise in political correctness . During the Doctor Who panel at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con , outgoing showrunner Steven Moffat denied there had been

13685-549: Was published that November by BBC Children's Books. The Thirteenth Doctor cameos in Tom Baker's and James Goss' 2019 Doctor Who novel Scratchman. At Childhood's End, published in February 2020 is written by Sophie Aldred , who previously played the Seventh Doctor 's companion Ace , and features an adult Ace reuniting with the Thirteenth Doctor to investigate a threat that links to the circumstances that prompted Ace to leave

13804-524: Was released on Paramount+ in Australia on September 1, 2023 and in the UK and Ireland on November 24, 2023. In One Night , Whittaker played a rape victim. In April 2023, it was announced that she would star alongside Bella Ramsey and Siobhan Finneran in the second series of the BBC prison drama Time and that filming would start in the spring of 2023 in and around Liverpool . The series premiered on BBC One in October 2023. In August 2023, Whittaker joined

13923-692: Was seeded throughout Moffat's tenure as showrunner. Just after regenerating, the Eleventh Doctor exclaims "I'm a girl?" In the 2011 episode, " The Doctor's Wife ", the Doctor recalls a Time Lord acquaintance known as the Corsair, who had at least two female incarnations. In the 2013 short, " The Night of the Doctor ", the Sisterhood of Karn offer a dying Eighth Doctor ( Paul McGann ) control over his inevitable regeneration, with "man or woman" being touted as possibilities. The first on-screen cross-gender regeneration

14042-457: Was shown in the 2015 episode, " Hell Bent ", in which a white male Gallifreyan general ( Ken Bones ) regenerates into a black woman ( T'Nia Miller ), who states that her previous incarnation was the only time she had been a man. The most notable Time Lord to have appeared in both male and female forms prior to Whittaker's casting is the Doctor's nemesis, the Master , portrayed from 2014 to 2017 by Scottish actress, Michelle Gomez . This version of

14161-489: Was studied and replicated by her adopted mother, whose people used it to build the Time Lord empire. The Time Lords then forced her to work for them as an agent of the secretive "Division" for many years before erasing her memories. The Doctor defeats the Master's plan to conquer the universe with a new race of "CyberMaster" Cybermen-Time Lord hybrids, but is then arrested by the Judoon . She is broken out of prison by Jack Harkness in

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