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48-508: The Jiloca ( Spanish pronunciation: [xiˈloka] ) is a river in Aragón , Spain , a tributary of the river Jalón , and part of the watershed of the Ebro basin . The course of the river runs through the provinces of Teruel and Zaragoza . It has a length of 126 kilometres (78 mi) and an average flow rate of 2.1 cubic metres per second (74 cu ft/s), although this varies between

96-573: A first Aiguabarreig between the towns of La Granja d'Escarp, Massalcoreig and Torrente de Cinca, a few kilometers downstream they converge with the waters of the Ebro, already in the municipality of Mequinenza , forming one of the largest river confluences of the entire Iberian Peninsula. Aragon, occupying the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula has served as a bridge between the Mediterranean Sea ,

144-531: A long dry season and wet seasons in the spring and autumn in the Meseta Central . Annual rainfall in the watershed varies from around 400 millimetres (16 in) to 950 millimetres (37 in), with peak precipitation in May and June. The watershed covers an area of 2,957 square kilometres (1,142 sq mi). The Ojos de Monreal are a series of artesian wells which form pools connected by small channels. This area

192-689: A paradise for biodiversity. Territorially, the Aiguabarreig is at the center of the Middle Depression of the Ebro. It borders to the west with the Monegros, to the east with the Tossals de Montmeneu and Almatret and to the south with the tail of the Ribarroja reservoir. This space is named with Catalan word of origin that designates the place where two or more water streams meet and form one. The Segre and Cinca form

240-595: A rich geopolitical and cultural history from its pre-Roman , Celtic and Roman days, four centuries of Islamic rule as Marca Superior of Al-Andalus or kingdom (or taifa ) of Saraqusta , as lands that once belonged to the Frankish Marca Hispanica , counties that later formed the Kingdom of Aragon , and eventually the Crown of Aragon . The area of Aragon is 47 720  km of which 15 636  km belong to

288-896: Is "the east", and thus makes sense only from the perspective of those who live to the west of Valencia, Catalonia, or the Balearics. However, the Levante does lend its name to a popular regional beer, Estrella Levante, owned by S.A. Damm and produced in Murcia as well as Levante UD , a Spanish football club team in Valencia . Academic source for Levante: "Levante, the collective name for four Mediterranean provinces of Spain forming two autonomous regions officially known as Comunitat Valenciana and Región de Murcia ." P. 400. Robinson, Jancis (ed.) 2006. The Oxford Companion to Wine, 3. edition. Oxford, Oxford University Press. This Spain location article

336-719: Is a broad perpendicular corridor. Its best represented section is the Canal de Berdún , which limits on the south with the reliefs of San Juan de la Peña ( 1 552  m ) and Oroel Rock ( 1 769  m ), modeled on conglomerates of the Campodarbe Formation. The pre-Pyrenean outer ranges are in the Huescan foothills and constitute the southernmost unit of the Pyrenees; formed by predominantly calcareous materials, reach heights between 1 500 and 2 000 meters. The Sierra de Guara , one of

384-486: Is a name used to refer to the eastern region of the Iberian Peninsula , on the Spanish Mediterranean coast. It roughly corresponds to the former Xarq al-Ándalus  [ es ] , but has no modern geopolitical definition. Rather, it broadly includes the autonomous communities of Valencia (provinces of Alicante , Castellón and Valencia ), Murcia , Catalonia ( Barcelona , Girona and Tarragona ),

432-678: Is presence of Phoenician , Greek and Etruscan products. In the 6th century BCE there are six groups with different social organization: Vascones , Suessetani , Sedetani , Iacetani , Ilergetes and Citerior Celtiberians . They are Iberized groups with a tendency towards stability, fixing their habitat in durable populations, with dwellings that evolve towards more enduring and stable models. There are many examples in Aragon, among them Cabezo de Monleón in Caspe , Puntal of Fraga , Roquizal del Rullo or Loma de los Brunos. The type of social organization

480-532: Is rich in wildlife, including waterfowl, grebes, wrens, kingfishers, owls, orioles and woodpeckers. There are frequently visiting wildfowl from the Laguna de Gallocanta , some 23 kilometres (14 mi) away. Thickets of poplar, willow and walnut trees give plenty of shelter. The water is considered in very good condition according to the assessment of the Plan Hidrológico de la Cuenca del Ebro (Hydrological Plan of

528-660: Is the remains of an 18th-century canal which was cut to drain the Laguna Cañizar at Villarquemado . It is currently accepted that the Jiloca raises at the Ojos (Eyes) of Monreal, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the town. These are a series of ponds linked by channels. From Monreal the river flows northwards and near Luco de Jiloca ( Calamocha ), the Jiloca is joined by its only tributary, the Pancrudo, which rises 46 kilometres (29 mi) away in

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576-700: The Biosphere Reserve of Ordesa-Viñamala and is cataloged as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO . In addition there are 4 other natural parks: the Moncayo Natural Park with an extension of 11 144  ha , the Sierra y Cañones de Guara Natural Park with 47 453  ha and 33 286  ha of peripheral area of protection, the Posets-Maladeta Natural Park with 33 440 .6 ha and 5 920 .2 ha of peripheral area of protection, and

624-521: The Bronze Age by Pyrenees until reaching the Lower Aragon area, supposed an important ethnic contribution that prepared the way to the invasions of Iron Age. The Mediterranean contributions represented a commercial activity that will constitute a powerful stimulus for the iron metallurgy, promoting the modernization of the tools and the indigenous armament, replacing the old bronze with the iron. There

672-863: The Suessetani , to those who took the capital, Corbio. In the 1st century BCE Aragon was the scene of the civil war to seize the power of Rome where the governor Quintus Sertorius made Osca ( Huesca ) the capital of all the territories controlled by them. Already in the 1st century BCE, the today Aragonese territory became part of the province Tarraconensis and there was the definitive romanization of it creating roads and consolidating ancient Celtiberian and Iberian cities such as Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza), Turiaso ( Tarazona ), Osca ( Huesca ) or Bilbilis (Calatayud). Levante, Spain The Levante ( Spanish: [leˈβante] ; Catalan : Llevant [ʎəˈβan, ʎəˈvant, ʎeˈβan, ʎeˈvant] ; "Levant, East")

720-655: The Valles Occidentales Natural Park with 27 073  ha and 7 335  ha of peripheral area of protection. There are also three nature reserves, five natural monuments and three protected landscapes. At the confluence of the Segre and Ebro rivers, the Aiguabarreig Ebro-Segre-Cinca is a space with great natural wealth and a great variety of ecosystems that range from Mediterranean steppes to impenetrable riverside forests, making this space

768-447: The province of Huesca , 17 275  km to the province of Zaragoza and 14 810  km to the province of Teruel . The total represents a 9.43% of the surface of Spain, being thus the fourth autonomous community in size behind Castile and León, Andalusia, and Castile-La Mancha. It is located in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula , at a latitude between 39º and 43º'N in the temperate zone . Its boundaries and borders are in

816-688: The Acheulean industry that found its best weapons in the hand axes of flint or the cleavers of quartzite . In the Upper Palaeolithic appeared two new cultures: Solutrean and Magdalenian. The Epipaleolithic was centered in Lower Aragon , occupying the epoch between the 7th and the 5th millennium. In the first half of the 5th millennium BCE , Neolithic remains are found in the Huescan Outer Ranges and in Lower Aragon. The Eneolithic

864-669: The Cave del Moro of Olvena , the Masada del Ratón in Fraga , Palermo and the Cabezo de Monleón in Caspe . From the metallurgical point of view there seems to be a boom given the increase in foundry molds that are located in the populations. The Iron Age is the most important, since throughout the centuries it is the true substratum of the Aragonese historical population. The arrival of Central Europeans during

912-891: The Ebro River, the Tagus River (which originates in the Sierra de Albarracín range), and the Júcar , which has as its main river in this community the Turia . In Aragon, protected natural spaces are managed through the Red Natural de Aragón , an entity created in 2004 to protect all elements with ecological , landscape and cultural value and at the same time coordinate and establish common standards that contribute to their conservation and sustainable use. In this entity are integrated national parks , natural parks , nature reserves , biosphere reserves and other protected natural areas that have been declared by

960-583: The Ebro). Further downstream in the valley between Manchones and Morero, birdlife includes goshawks, eagles, orioles, robins, finches, hoopoe and kestrels. Deer and bobcats are found in the Sierra Santa Cruz which borders the river, hedgehogs and shrews are to be found near the banks. Trees include poplars, elm, and ash. In 2000, the Asociación Naturalista de Aragón strongly condemned cleaning works by

1008-704: The Jiloca is an ancient route between the Meseta Central, the Ebro and the coast of the Levante . Many Roman bridges remain in the pueblos of the valley. There is one tributary , the Pancrudo, which rises 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) above the pueblo of Pancrudo , in Teruel province and flows generally north east past Torre los Negros , Navarette del Rio and Lechago before joining the Jiloca at Luca de Jiloca after 46 kilometres (29 mi). Arag%C3%B3n Covering an area of 47 720  km ( 18 420  sq mi),

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1056-753: The Sierra de la Costera. From this point there is an irrigation channel which waters a small valley near Daroca . The river flows on from Daroca in a north easterly direction, past Manchones , Morero , Montón , Morata de Jiloca , Maruenda and Paracuellos de Jiloca until it joins the Jalón between Carramolina and Calatayud . Towns named after the river are Morata de Jiloca , Paracuellos de Jiloca , Fuentes de Jiloca , Torremocha de Jiloca , Velilla de Jiloca and Villanueva de Jiloca . The Jiloca has an average flow rate of 2.1 cubic metres per second (74 cu ft/s), although there are seasonal variations, due to

1104-770: The area were rebelling, except for the Ilergetes who negotiated peace with Cato. There were different uprisings of the Iberian peoples against the Romans, in 194 BCE sees a general uprising with elimination of half of the Roman army, in 188 BCE Manlius Acidinus Fulvianus , praetor of the Citerior, must confront in Calagurris ( Calahorra ) with the Celtiberians , in the 184 BCE Terentius Varro did it with

1152-709: The autonomous community, the Ramsar Convention or the Natura 2000 . Within the protected areas is the only national park of Aragon: the Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park , the second national park created in Spain , in 1918, it is found in the Pyrenees in the comarca of Sobrarbe , occupies an area of 15 608   ha , a part of the 19 679  ha of the peripheral area of protection. It also enjoys other figures of protection like

1200-475: The central areas. In mountain areas winters are long and rigorous, average temperatures can be up to 10 °C lower than in the valley. The two most important winds of Aragon are the cierzo and the bochorno or levant . The first is a cold and dry wind that crosses the Ebro Valley from northwest to southeast and that can become quite strong. The second is a warm wind, more irregular and smooth, coming from

1248-702: The community has as the central axis the Ebro valley (with heights between 150 and 300 meters approx.) which transits between two foothill areas, the Pyrenean and the Iberian, preambles of two mountain formations, the Pyrenees to the north and the Sistema Ibérico mountain range to the south; the Community has the highest peaks of both mountain ranges, the Aneto and the Moncayo respectively. The Aragonese Pyrenees are located in

1296-651: The community in two. Of the tributaries of the left bank of the river, the ones originating in the Pyrenees, the Aragón River stands out. Its headwaters are in Huesca, but it ends at the community of Navarre, the Gállego and the Cinca , which joins the Segre just before emptying into the Ebro at the height of Mequinenza . On the right bank, the Jalón , Huerva and Guadalope stand out. In

1344-531: The eastern part of Castile-La Mancha ( Albacete and Cuenca ), eastern Andalusia ( Almería , Granada and Jaén ), southern Aragon ( Teruel ) and the Balearic Islands . However, in its normal usage, the Levante specifically refers to the Valencian Community, Murcia, Almería, the Balearics and the coast of Catalonia. Among inhabitants of the Levante, the term is rarely used. Its literal meaning

1392-658: The ecology has been damaged. The watershed covers an area of 2,957 square kilometres (1,142 sq mi). The source is disputed, tradition holds that it rises at an artesian well, the Fuente de Cella, at the base of the Sierra Albarracín in Teruel province . The well is surrounded by an elliptical parapet wall built by the Italian engineer Domingo Ferrari. It is now thought that the stretch of river between Cella and Monreal del Campo

1440-763: The entire community. From the High mountain Alpine climate of the central Pyrenees to the north, with perpetual ice (glaciers), to the Humid subtropical climate (which is very common in Huesca 's lower altitude areas) to the steppe or semi-desert zones , such as the Monegros Desert , passing through the intense continental climate of the Teruel-Daroca area and the Mediterranean climate in

1488-439: The highest peaks like: the Aneto ( 3 404  m ), Maladeta ( 3 309  m ) and the Perdiguero ( 3 221  m ). The inner Pre-Pyrenees, composed of more modern rocks (limestones) also has large mountains such as Monte Perdido ( 3 355  m ), Collarada ( 2 886  m ) and Tendeñera ( 2 853  m ). The main Pyrenean valleys are formed by the rivers that are born there, which are: The intrapirenaic depression

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1536-464: The interior. In the territorial distribution that Rome made of Hispania , the current Aragon was included in the Hispania Citerior . In the year 197 BCE, Sempronius Tuditanus is the praetor of the Citerior and had to face a general uprising in their territories that ended with the Roman defeat and the own death of Tuditanus. In view of these facts the Senate sent the consul Marcus Porcius Cato with an army of 60 000 men. The indigenous peoples of

1584-425: The most important mountain ranges of the Spanish Pre-Pyrenees , stands out; its summit, the Guara Peak , reaches 2 077 metres. The Mallos de Riglos , near the town of Ayerbe , stand out for their beauty. The Aragonese central depression includes a wide lowland area, which is also the central part of the Depression of the Ebro . North of the river there is the Sierra de Alcubierre ranges ( 811 m ) one of

1632-432: The north of the province of Huesca and are arranged longitudinally in three large units: High Pyrenees, Internal Depressions and Outer Ranges. The Aragonese High Pyrenees contains the maximum heights of all the Pyrenees mountainous chain. The High Pyrenees is formed in turn by the axial Pyrenees and the Inland Ranges. In the axial Pyrenees are the oldest materials: granites , quartzites , slates and limestones and

1680-453: The north with France (the regions of Nouvelle-Aquitaine and Occitanie ), in the west with the autonomous communities of Castile-La Mancha (provinces of Guadalajara and Cuenca ), Castile and León ( province of Soria ), La Rioja and Navarre , and in the east with the autonomous communities of Catalonia (provinces of Lérida and Tarragona ) and the Valencian Community (provinces of Castellón and Valencia ). The orography of

1728-463: The peninsular center and the coasts of the Cantabrian Sea . The human presence in the lands that today form the autonomous community date back several millennia, but present-day Aragon, like many of the current historical nationalities, was formed during the Middle Ages . The oldest testimonies of human life in the lands that today make up Aragon go back to the time of the glaciations, in the Pleistocene , some 600 000 years ago. This population left

1776-464: The population of Aragon was 1 326 261 , with slightly over half living in the capital city, Zaragoza . In 2020, the economy of Aragon generated a GDP of €34 687 million, which represents 3.1% of Spain's national GDP, and is currently 6th in per capita production behind Madrid, Basque Country , Navarre , Catalonia and La Rioja. In addition to its three provinces, Aragon is subdivided into 33 comarcas or counties. All comarcas of Aragon have

1824-454: The provinces of Zaragoza and Teruel . It is a set of hills without a clear structural unit, which can be divided into two zones: Sistema Ibérico del Jalón and Sistema Ibérico turolense. In the first, the Moncayo stands out with 2 314  m , formed by Paleozoic quartzites and slates , partly covered by Mesozoic limestones . The second is formed by elevated terrain (from 1 000 to 2 000  m in general), but flattened and massive. To

1872-432: The region's terrain ranges diversely from permanent glaciers to verdant valleys, rich pasture lands and orchards, through to the arid steppes of the central lowlands. Aragon is home to many rivers—most notably, the river Ebro , Spain's largest river in volume, which runs west–east across the entire region through the province of Zaragoza. It is also home to the highest mountains of the Pyrenees . As of January 2021 ,

1920-458: The regional government, which they said were systematically destroying riparian vegetation, killing fish and upsetting the ecology of the river in the reaches between Daroca and Calatayud. In November 2009, an investigation into soil erosion in the Jiloca basin was announced, with the intention of determining suitable future land use strategies. In the past many water-mills were powered by the river, but now only ruins of these remain. The valley of

1968-463: The seasons. The river flows in a generally north easterly direction from its source near Monreal del Campo . The valley was an historic route between the Meseta Central and the Mediterranean coast. Roman bridges remain in many pueblos and remains of watermills can be seen. The water is generally of good quality and supports a range of wildlife. Cleaning works by the regional government have been criticised by environmental organisations who claim that

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2016-437: The south-east. The vegetation follows the oscillations of relief and climate. There is a great variety, both in natural vegetation and in crops. In the high areas there are forests (pines, firs, beech trees, oaks), bush and meadows, and in the central Ebro Valley , evergreen oak and juniper are the most common trees. Most Aragonese rivers are tributaries of the Ebro River, which is the largest river in Spain and divides

2064-400: The southern areas bordering Castilla La Mancha and the Valencian Community . The main characteristics of the Aragonese climate are: Temperatures are very dependent on the altitude. In the Ebro Valley the winters are relatively moderate, although the frosts are very common and the thermal sensation can decrease a lot with the cierzo . Temperatures in summer can exceed 40 °C in

2112-484: The southwest of the depression the summits of the Sierra de Albarracín range are reached above 1 800  m , southeast the 2 000  m are reached in the Sierra de Javalambre range and finally the Sierra de Gúdar range ( 2 024  m ) transitions to the Maestrazgo area in the Valencian Community . There are two main types of climate in Aragón, the Semi-arid climate and the Oceanic climate . Its irregular orography creates several microclimates throughout

2160-453: The stream bed of the Ebro river, near the border with Catalonia, the Mequinenza Reservoir , of 1 530  hm and a length of about 110 km; it is popularly known as the "Sea of Aragon". The small Pyrenean mountain lakes called ibones merit special mention. These lakes are very scenic, originating during the last glaciation , and are usually found above 2 000  m . The Autonomous Community lies within three hydrographic regions,

2208-414: The typical limestone plateaus of the valley. The Ebro Valley is a tectonic pit filled with sedimentary materials, accumulated in the Tertiary age in horizontal series. In the center, fine materials such as clays , plasters and limestones were deposited. To the south of the Ebro there are the limestone plateaus of Borja and of Zaragoza . The Aragonese section of the Sistema Ibérico straddles

2256-469: Was based on the family group, consisting of four generations. Self-sufficient societies in which the greater part of the population was dedicated to agricultural and livestock activities. In the Iberian scope the power was monarchical, exercised by a king; there was a democratic assembly with participation of the male population. There were visible social differentiations and established legal-political statutes. The Romans arrived and progressed easily into

2304-420: Was characterized in the province of Huesca presenting two important megalithic nuclei: the Pre-Pyrenees of the Outer Ranges and the High Pyrenean valleys. The Late Bronze Age begins in Aragon around 1100 BCE with the arrival of the Urnfield culture . They are Indo-European people, with an alleged origin in Central Europe, who incinerate their dead by placing the ashes in a funeral urn. There are examples in

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