Jennie Clark , also seen spelled Jenny Clark , was the first sternwheel-driven steamboat to operate on the rivers of the Pacific Northwest, including British Columbia . This vessel was commonly known as the Jennie when it was in service. The design of the Jennie Clark set a pattern for all future sternwheel steamboats built in the Pacific Northwest and in British Columbia .
83-580: Jacob Kamm and John C. Ainsworth built Jennie Clark at Milwaukie, Oregon in 1855. Jennie Clark was the first sternwheeler built in the Pacific Northwest. The hull and upper works were built at Milwaukie , while her engines were built in Baltimore to Kamm's specifications, for a price of $ 1,663.16, and shipped around to the West Coast, which cost another $ 1,030.02. Kamm and Ainsworth had settled on
166-425: A Chinook dialect , "I did not come to fight you!" before being stabbed in the throat. Bolon's horse was then shot, and his body and personal effects burned. When Shumaway heard of Bolon's death he immediately sent an ambassador to inform the U.S. Army garrison at Fort Dalles , before calling for the arrest of his own son, Mosheel, who he said should be turned over to the territorial government in order to forestall
249-556: A windlass and crank in the line, drawing the vessel up through the rapids. In February 1855, two steamboats were running daily between Oregon City, and Portland, the Jennie Clark and the Portland . John C. Ainsworth commanded Jennie Clark at that time. Jennie Clark departed Oregon City for Portland at 8:00 a.m. every day except Sunday, and departed Portland at 2:00 p.m., stopping at intermediate landings. The steamer held
332-833: A Mississippi steamer, the Ark , as a cabin boy. Trained as an engineer on the Mississippi River , he was certified chief engineer with the St. Louis Association of Steamboat Engineers at age 25. In 1849, he moved west with the California Gold Rush , piloting the Blackhawk , a steamer, on the Sacramento River . Kamm moved to Oregon in 1850 after being hired by the Milwaukie, Oregon founder Lot Whitcomb onto his ship, The Lot Whitcomb , being
415-466: A blockhouse and several storehouses. The fort was manned by a small contingent of Volunteers supported by a 100-man force of Snoqualmie warriors, fulfillment of an agreement made by the powerful Snoqualmie chief Patkanim with the government the previous November. Meanwhile, Leschi, having successfully repelled and evaded the previous American attempts to defeat his forces along the White River, now faced
498-454: A boat then recently transferred to California from the Willamette river. Later Kamm sold a three-sixteenths interest to Josiah Myrick, who then took command of the vessel. Ainsworth’s share was then purchased by Theodore Wygant. Although compared to later steamers, Jennie Clark was a primitive design, the essential features proved to be the model for almost all other steamers later built in
581-532: A cavalry regiment of 800 men, a portion of which crossed into Washington Territory in early November. Now with more than 700 troops at his disposal, Rains prepared to march on Kamiakin, who had encamped at Union Gap with 300 warriors. As Rains was mustering his forces in Pierce County , Leschi , a Nisqually chief who was half Yakama, had sought to forge an alliance among the Puget Sound tribes to bring war to
664-450: A contract to carry the U.S. mail. Persons seeking passage or to ship freight were to apply on board. In March, Jennie Clark ’s competitor, the sidewheeler Portland , was the evening boat from Oregon City to Portland, running under Capt. Alexander S. Murray. By April, 1855, both Jennie Clark and Portland were running on the same schedule, departing Oregon City at 8:00 a.m., and Portland at 2:00 p.m. On March 26, 1856, during
747-481: A group of citizen volunteers, led by the marine detachment of the nearby-anchored USS Decatur , started construction on a blockhouse . On the evening of January 24, 1856, two scouts from the massing tribal forces, dressed in disguise and talking their way past American sentries, covertly entered Seattle on a reconnaissance mission (some believe one of these scouts may have been Leschi himself). Just after sunrise on January 25, 1856, American lookouts spotted
830-508: A howitzer bombardment, led a charge against the Yakama position. Kamiakan's forces scattered into the brush at the mouth of Ahtanum Creek and the American offensive was called off. In Kamiakan's camp, plans for a night raid against the American force were drawn up but abandoned. Instead, early the next day, the Yakama continued their defensive retreat, tiring American forces who eventually broke off
913-413: A large group of Indians approaching the settlement under cover of trees. The USS Decatur began firing into the woods, prompting townspeople to evacuate to the blockhouse. Tribal forces - by some accounts composed of Yakama , Walla Walla , Klickitat and Puyallup - returned fire with small arms and began a fast advance on the settlement. Faced with unrelenting fire from Decatur' s guns, however,
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#1732869608301996-744: A narrow spot in the river just upstream from Oswego , Jennie Clark collided with the steamer Express . The bow of the Jennie struck right in the middle of the Express cutting halfway through the hull of the Express . The Express was run into the shore, but sank shortly thereafter. The passengers from Express were taken on board the Jennie , which returned to Portland. As of November 24, 1860, efforts to raise Express were underway, and were expected to be successful. Total loss to Express reported to have been estimated at $ 3,000. Jennie Clark sustained only minor damage. In 1860, Jennie Clark became one of
1079-449: A number of Yakama in the traveling party protested, their objections were overruled by Mosheel, who invoked his regal status. Discussions about Bolon's fate took place over much of the day (Bolon, who did not speak Yakama, was unaware of this debate as it unfolded among his traveling companions). During a rest stop, as Bolon and the Yakama were eating lunch, Mosheel and at least three other Yakama set upon him with knives. Bolon yelled out in
1162-559: A planned night raid was aborted after a barking dog alerted sentries. Instead, Patkanim approached within speaking distance of Leschi's camp, announcing to the Nisqually chief, "I will have your head." Early the next morning Patkanim began his assault, the bloody fight reportedly lasting ten hours, ending only after the Snoqualmie ran out of ammunition. Edmond Meany would later write that Patkanim returned with "gruesome evidence of his battles in
1245-668: A shallow draft boat on the Willamette River that could negotiate the Clackamas Rapids at all times of the year. In the August 1858 low water season, Jennie Clark ’s owners placed into service a steam-powered flat boat to transport the Jennie ’s freight over the Clackamas Rapids. In August 1860, low water in the Willamette River forced Jennie Clark , then running under Captain Myrick, to be laid up. The route between Portland and Oregon City
1328-400: A single piston which measured 12 inches on the inside bore, and drove a piston rod with a stroke of 48 inches. Each piston rod in turn drove a 16-foot-long iron rod called a pitman arm which turned a crank pin on the sternwheel. The sternwheel itself was 15 feet in diameter. Jacob Kamm owned a one-half interest in the steamer, with John C. Ainsworth holding a one-quarter interest, and
1411-553: A state-of-affairs Wool blamed squarely on Curry. In a letter to a friend, Wool commented that But for the ... barbarous determination of the Oregonians to exterminate its Indians, I would soon put an end to the Indian War. It is these shocking barbarities that give us more trouble than all else and are constantly increasing the ranks of the hostiles. Meanwhile, on December 20, Washington Governor Isaac Stevens had finally made it back to
1494-540: A static war by using the territorial militia to fortify the major settlements while better-trained and equipped U.S. Army regulars moved in to occupy traditional Indian hunting and fishing grounds, starving the Yakama into surrender. To Wool's chagrin, however, Oregon Governor Curry decided to launch a preemptive and largely unprovoked attack against the eastern tribes of the Walla Walla , Palouse, Umatilla , and Cayuse who had, up to that point, remained cautiously neutral in
1577-565: A third wave of attack. As construction on Fort Tilton got underway, Patkanim - brevetted to the rank of captain in the Volunteers - set out at the head of a force of 55 Snoqualmie and Snohomish warriors intent on capturing Leschi. Their mission was triumphantly announced by a headline in Olympia's Pioneer and Democrat "Pat Kanim in the Field!" Patkanim tracked Leschi to his camp along the White River, but
1660-400: A vast amount of land within the new territory. In return for this recognition, the tribes were entitled to receive half of the fish in the territory in perpetuity , awards of money and provisions, and reserved lands where white settlement would be prohibited. While territorial governor Isaac Stevens had guaranteed the inviolability of Native American territory following tribal accession to
1743-515: The USCS Active to reassure citizens of the town. Stevens confidently declared that, "I believe that New York and San Francisco will as soon be attacked by the Indians as the town of Seattle." Even as Stevens was speaking, however, a 6,000-man tribal army was moving on the unsuspecting settlement. As the governor's ship was sailing from the harbor - carrying Stevens back to Olympia - members of some of
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#17328696083011826-795: The Carrie Ladd steamer in 1858, called the "keystone of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company ". He was a founder of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company in 1879 and a shareholder in the Ilwaco Railway and Navigation Company . He built steamboats including in 1891, the Ocean Wave and in 1900, Athlon . One of the companies he owned was the Vancouver Transportation Company. Kamm sold property to
1909-850: The Pig War , on the PS Eliza Anderson steamer just outside Fort Hope, Canada . They had one son, Charles Tilton Kamm (1860-1906). Kamm was a Mason , being inducted at age 21 in St. Louis. In Portland, he was affiliated with the Multnomah Lodge in Oregon City, then the Willamette Lodge in Portland. He was also a Knights Templar and a Shriner . Caroline Augusta Gray was born on 16 October 1840 at Camp Lapwai , outside Lewiston, Idaho . Her father
1992-474: The White River , ranger James McAllister and farmer Michael Connell were ambushed and killed by Leschi's men. The rest of Eaton's Rangers were besieged inside an abandoned cabin, where they would remain for the next four days before escaping. The next morning Muckleshoot and Klickitat warriors raided three settler cabins along the White River, killing nine men and women. Many settlers had left the area in advance of
2075-547: The Yakima War , the settlements at the Cascades were attacked by Native Americans. The territorial government called up volunteers, and Jennie Clark , under Capt. John C. Ainsworth, carried a company of them from Portland up to the Cascades. Overly apprehensive about ambush, the party sought to protect the captain by lining the interior of the pilot house with three-inch-thick oak planks, and then piling sacks of flour stacked up against
2158-418: The American retaliation he felt would likely occur. A Yakama council overruled the chief, however, siding with Shumaway's older brother, Kamiakin, who called for war preparations. Meanwhile, district commander Gabriel Rains had received Shumaway's ambassador and, in response to the news of Bolon's death, ordered Major Granville O. Haller to move out with an expeditionary column from Fort Dalles. Haller's force
2241-470: The Naches Pass and enter the Yakama homeland from the rear. Finding the pass blocked with snow he began returning west in the days following the raid on the White River settlements. On November 2, 1855 Leschi's men were spotted by the vanguard of Maloney's returning column, and fell back to the right bank of the White River. On November 3 Maloney ordered a force of 100 men under Lt. William Slaughter to cross
2324-501: The Northwest. The sternwheel design was recognized in March 1855 as superior to the side-wheelers which up until then had been the dominant craft. Jennie Clark could steam up the rapids driven by the sternwheel alone, when the side-wheelers were forced to line through, that is, stop the boat below the rapids, run out a line or a cable to a tree or rock alongside the river, wrap the line around
2407-636: The Pacific and sent a force under Col. George Wright to deal with the recent fighting. At the Battle of Four Lakes near Spokane, Washington in September 1858, Wright inflicted a decisive defeat on the Native Americans. He called a council of all the local Native Americans at Latah Creek (southwest of Spokane). On September 23 he imposed a peace treaty, under which most of the tribes were to go to reservations. As
2490-429: The Puget Sound's neutral tribes began streaming into Seattle requesting sanctuary from a large Yakama war party that had just crossed Lake Washington . The threat was confirmed with the arrival of Princess Angeline who brought news from her father, Chief Seattle , that an attack was imminent. Doc Maynard began the evacuation of women and children from the neutral Duwamish, by boat, to the west side of Puget Sound while
2573-550: The State of Washington, conceded the Army's opinion and posthumously acquitted Leschi of murder.) U.S. Army Indian scouts tracked and captured Andrew Bolon's murderers who were subsequently hanged. Snoqualmie warriors were sent to hunt-down remnant hostile forces, with the territorial government agreeing to pay a bounty on scalps, however, the practice was quickly terminated by orders of the territorial auditor after questions arose as to whether
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2656-486: The U.S. mail, and stopping at Vancouver along the way. Returning to Portland, Jennie Clark departed Longview at 1:00 p.m. A connection was made every Monday and Thursday at Longview with the sidewheeler Multnomah , under Capt. Ed Giddings, with the mails for Astoria and intermediate points. In July 1862, Jennie Clark was transferred to a route running to Clatsop Landing on the Lewis and Clark River , and thus became
2739-478: The White River and engage Leschi's forces. Attempts to ford the river, however, were stopped by the fire of Indian sharpshooters. One American soldier was killed in a back-and-forth exchange of gunfire. Accounts of Indian fatalities range from one (reported by a Puyallup Indian, Tyee Dick, after the end of the war) to 30 (claimed in Slaughter's official report), though the lower number may be more credible (one veteran of
2822-717: The Yakama. A riot among the soldiers ensued and the mission was burned to the ground. With snow beginning to fall, Rains ordered a withdrawal, and the column returned to Fort Dalles. By the end of November, federal troops had returned to the White River area. A detachment of the 4th Infantry Regiment, under Lt. Slaughter, accompanied by militia under Capt. Gilmore Hays, searched the area from which Maloney had previously withdrawn and engaged Nisqually and Klickitat warriors at Biting's Prairie on November 25, 1855, resulting in several casualties but no decisive outcome. The next day an Indian sharpshooter killed two of Slaughter's troops. Finally, on December 3, as Slaughter and his men were camped for
2905-401: The area on November 7, arriving at Fort Steilacoom two days later. One hundred fifty miles to the east, on November 9, Rains closed with Kamiakin near Union Gap . The Yakama had erected a defensive barrier of stone breastwork which was quickly blown away by American artillery fire. Kamiakan had not expected a force of the size Rains had mustered and the Yakama, anticipating a quick victory of
2988-557: The attack, the most losses for US citizens during the Yakima War. The United States sent reinforcements the following day to defend against further attacks. The Yakama people fled, but nine Cascades Indians who surrendered without a fight, including Chenoweth, Chief of the Hood River Band, were improperly charged and executed for treason. The U.S. Army arrived in the region in the summer of 1856. That August Robert S. Garnett supervised
3071-561: The attackers were forced to withdraw and regroup, after which a decision was made to abandon the assault. Two Americans were killed in the fighting and 28 Natives lost their lives. To block the passes across the Cascade Mountains and prevent further Yakama movements against western Washington , a small redoubt was established near Snoqualmie Falls by Tokul Creek in February 1856. Fort Tilton became operational in March 1856, consisting of
3154-492: The battle as hi-ue he-he, hi-ue he-he - "lots and lots of fun"). The next morning Maloney advanced with 150 men across the White River and attempted to engage Leschi at his camp at the Green River, but poor terrain made the advance untenable and he quickly called off the attack. Another skirmish on November 5 resulted in five American fatalities, but no Indian deaths. Unable to make any headway, Maloney began his withdrawal from
3237-521: The battle, Daniel Mounts, would later be appointed Indian agent to the Nisqually and heard Tyee Dick's casualty numbers confirmed by Nisqually). At four o'clock, when it was becoming too dark for the Americans to cross the White River, Leschi's men fell back three miles to their camp on the banks of the Green River , jubilant at having successfully prevented the American crossing (Tyee Dick would later describe
3320-520: The boiler in the middle The passenger cabin was located forward of the boiler, even though Kamm would have preferred the cabin to have been placed somewhere else. On top of the main cabin was the pilot house, from which the vessel was steered. The smokestack was behind the pilot house. Jennie Clark was driven by a sternwheel turned by two horizontally mounted steam engines, which had been manufactured in Baltimore, Maryland . The engines were connected so that one man could operate both. Each engine had
3403-521: The chief engineer on the Willamette River . The Lot Whitcomb was launched on 25 December 1850. Kamm and John C. Ainsworth joined with Abernathy and Clark, merchants from Oregon City, in 1854 or 1855 to build the Jenny Clark , a sternwheeler on the Willamette. Kamm owned half of the Jenny Clark , Ainsworth owned a quarter, and Abernathy and Clark shared the remaining quarter. They then built
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3486-528: The chief justice of the territorial supreme court, left Whidbey Island - where he was recuperating from illness - and traveled by canoe to Pierce County. Arriving in Steilacoom, Chenoweth reconvened the court and prepared to again issue writs of habeas corpus ordering the release of the settlers. Learning of Chenoweth's arrival in Pierce County, Stevens sent a company of militia to stop the chief justice, but
3569-491: The city in about 1910 to construct Old Lincoln High School , currently known as Portland State University 's Lincoln Hall. His 1870s French Second Empire style home, the Jacob Kamm House was moved from its 14th and Main location in the 1950s to construct the current Lincoln High School . This estate near 14th and Main contained 11 acres (45,000 m ). Kamm married Caroline Augusta Gray on 13 September 1859 during
3652-523: The conflict (Curry believed it was only a matter of time before the eastern tribes entered the war and sought to gain a strategic advantage by attacking first). Oregon militia, under Lt. Col. James Kelley, crossed into the Walla Walla Valley in December, skirmishing with the tribes and, eventually, capturing Peopeomoxmox and several other chiefs. The eastern tribes were now firmly involved in the conflict,
3735-503: The conflict, making his headquarters at Fort Vancouver . Wool was widely considered pompous and arrogant and had been criticized by some for blaming much of the Western conflicts between Natives and whites on whites. After assessing the situation in Washington, he decided that Rains' approach of chasing bands of Yakama around the territory would lead to an inevitable defeat. Wool planned to wage
3818-559: The construction of Fort Simcoe as a military post. Initially the conflict was limited to the Yakama, but eventually the Walla Walla and Cayuse were drawn into the war, and carried out a number of raids and battles against the American invaders. The last phase of the conflict, sometimes referred to as the Coeur d'Alene War , occurred in 1858. General Newman S. Clarke commanded the Department of
3901-541: The county and opposition to Democratic policies. Stevens ordered the suspect farmers arrested and held at Camp Montgomery. When Judge Edward Lander ordered their release, Stevens declared martial law in Pierce and Thurston counties. On May 12 Lander ruled that Stevens was in contempt of court . Marshals sent to Olympia to detain the governor were ejected from the capitol and Stevens ordered Judge Lander's arrest by militia. Learning of Lander's detention, Francis A. Chenoweth ,
3984-410: The doorstep of the territorial government. Starting with just the 31 warriors in his own band, Leschi rallied more than 150 Muckleshoot, Puyallup, and Klickitat, though other tribes rebuffed Leschi's overtures. In response to news of Leschi's growing army, a volunteer troop of 18 dragoons , known as Eaton's Rangers, was dispatched to arrest the Nisqually chief. On October 27, while surveying an area of
4067-413: The engagement. In the last day of fighting the Yakama suffered their only fatality, a warrior killed by U.S. Army Indian Scout Cutmouth John . Rains continued to Saint Joseph's Mission which had been abandoned, the priests having joined the Yakama in flight. During a search of the grounds, Rains' men discovered a barrel of gunpowder, leading them to erroneously believe the priests had been secretly arming
4150-554: The favorable regard of the President." The Cascades Massacre on March 26, 1856 was the name given to an attack by a coalition of tribes against white soldiers and settlers in the Cascades Rapids . The native attackers included warriors from the Yakama, Klickitat , and Cascades tribes (today identified as belonging to Wasco tribes : Cascades Indians / Watlala or Hood River Wasco ). Fourteen settlers and three US soldiers died in
4233-460: The firm of Ainsworth & Clark holding the other one-quarter interest. According to another source, the last one-quarter interest was held by two Oregon City merchants, George Abernethy and Ransom Clark. Abernethy, who had been governor of Oregon under the provisional government in the late 1840s, had experience in the steamboat business, having been the Oregon City agent for the Lot Whitcomb ,
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#17328696083014316-495: The first of many boats making regular seaside runs from Portland. When the Jenny came downriver from Portland, the boat did not stop at Astoria, as this was already served by daily steamers. Instead, the boat proceeded into Young’s Bay and then up the Lewis and Clark river to Fort Clatsop , where the passengers disembarked. From there, the passengers could walk or hire horses or carriages
4399-432: The form of heads taken from the bodies of slain hostile Indians." Leschi's, however, was not among them. By spring of 1856, Stevens began to suspect that some settlers in Pierce County, who had married into area tribes, were secretly conspiring with their Native American in-laws against the territorial government. Stevens' distrust of the Pierce County settlers may have been heightened by the strong Whig Party sentiment in
4482-613: The initial steamers of the combined firm of Ainsworth, Kamm, and others. This combination was first known as the Union Transportation company. Within a short time, the concern was incorporated as the Oregon Steam Navigation Company which came to have a near-monopoly on river transport on the Columbia, and, for a time the Willamette rivers. In May 1861, Jennie Clark was running on a route from Portland to Longview, Washington , which
4565-510: The kind they had recently scored at Toppenish Creek, had brought their families. Kamiakan now ordered the women and children to flee as he and the warriors fought a delaying action. While leading a reconnaissance of the American lines, Kamiakan and a group of fifty mounted warriors encountered an American patrol which gave chase. Kamiakan and his men escaped across the Yakima River; the Americans were unable to keep up and two soldiers drowned before
4648-512: The massacre. He said he suspected something of the kind, as he had heard firing in that direction. He told me that I should get the children and take them to his wigwam, adding that 'when the moon was high' he would take us to Seattle in his canoe. His squaw was as kind and amiable as could be, and did all in her power to make it pleasant for us, but the children were very shy. She set out dried fish and whortleberries for our repast, but nothing she could do would induce them to go to her. Our hunger
4731-404: The murderers in their camp and killed all of them. On September 20, 1855, Bureau of Indian Affairs agent Andrew Bolon , hearing of the death of the prospectors at the hands of Qualchin, departed for the scene on horseback to investigate but was intercepted by the Yakama chief Shumaway, who warned him Qualchin was too dangerous to confront. Heeding Shumaway's warning, Bolon turned back and began
4814-450: The nephew of Kamiakin , after it was discovered they had raped a Yakama woman. A party of American miners came across two Yakama women, a mother and daughter traveling together with a baby. The miners assaulted and killed both women and the infant. The husband and father of the women, a Yakama man named Mosheel, collected two friends, one of whom was Qualchin, and the men tracked down the miners who had killed Mosheel’s family. They ambushed
4897-462: The night on Brannan's Prairie, the force was fired upon and Slaughter killed. News of the death of Slaughter greatly demoralized settlers in the principal towns. Slaughter and his wife were a popular young couple among the settlers and the legislature adjourned for a day of mourning. In late November 1855 Gen. John E. Wool arrived from California and assumed control of the United States side in
4980-410: The period, with the news, and the volunteer company, whose services were thought to be in need in Portland due to exaggerated fears of a potential attack on that city. In November 1857 a dry warm spell caused a fall in the level of the Willamette River so that Jennie Clark had to stop at the foot of the Clackamas Rapids. In January 1858, there was talk that the owners of Jennie Clark intended to put
5063-399: The pursuit was called off. That evening Kamiakan called a war council where it was decided the Yakama would make a stand in the hills of Union Gap. Rains began advancing on the hills the next morning, his progress slowed by small groups of Yakama employing hit and run tactics to delay the American advance against the main Yakama force. At four o'clock in the afternoon Maj. Haller, backed by
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#17328696083015146-414: The raid, having been warned of danger by Chief Kitsap of the neutral Suquamish . Details of the raid on the White River settlements were told by John King, one of the four survivors, who was seven years old at the time and was – along with two younger siblings spared by the attackers and told to head west. The King children eventually came upon a local Native American known to them as Tom. I told him of
5229-400: The ride home. En route he came upon a group of Yakama traveling south and decided to ride along with them. One of the members of this group was Mosheel, Shumaway's son. After Bolon told Mosheel that the death of the miners was considered a wrongdoing and would be punished by United States army soon as he returned home, Mosheel grew angry. At some point, he decided Bolon should be killed. Though
5312-584: The short distance to the beach at Seaside . Round trip fare for the seaside run was fifteen dollars. In 1863, Jennie Clark was removed from service. The engines were removed and sent far up the Columbia River near the Canada-U.S. border , at the 49th parallel , to be placed in the steamer Forty-Nine . In 1865 the hulk of the Jennie Clark was dismantled and the hull burned for the iron. Jacob Kamm Jacob Kamm (12 December 1823 – 16 December 1912)
5395-587: The southern interior of present-day Washington . Isolated battles in western Washington and the northern Inland Empire are sometimes separately referred to as the Puget Sound War and the Coeur d'Alene War , respectively. After the Washington Territory was formally organized as a U.S. territory in 1853, treaties between the United States government and several Indian tribes in the area resulted in reluctant tribal recognition of U.S. sovereignty over
5478-403: The sternwheel. The width of the vessel, called "beam" was 18.5 feet measured over the hull and excluding the extensions, called the "guards" running along the top of the hull. The depth of hold was 4 feet. The boat was built with a very light draft and was specifically designed for the route on the Willamette river from Portland to Oregon City. There was a single cabin built on the hull, with
5561-421: The sternwheeler as superior to propeller-driven and side-wheel boats. Propellers were too vulnerable to expensive damage to propellers and shafts from rocks and other obstructions in the river. Sidewheelers were too difficult to steer and needed expensive dock facilities. Jennie Clark was 115 feet (or 118 feet), measured over the hull, which excluded the extension of the main deck over the stern, which mounted
5644-471: The territory after a perilous journey that involved a final, mad dash across the hostile Walla Walla Valley. Dissatisfied with Wool's plan to wait until spring before resuming military operations, and having learned of the raid on the White River settlement, Stevens convened the Washington Legislature where he declared "the war shall be prosecuted until the last hostile Indian is exterminated. Stevens
5727-473: The treaties, he lacked the legal authority to enforce it pending ratification of the agreements by the United States Senate . Meanwhile, the widely publicized discovery of gold in Yakama territory prompted an influx of unruly prospectors who traveled, unchecked, across the newly defined tribal lands, to the growing consternation of Indian leaders. In 1855 two of these prospectors were killed by Qualchin,
5810-661: The troops were met by the Pierce County Sheriff whom Chenoweth had ordered to raise a posse to defend the court. The impasse was finally resolved after Stevens agreed to back down and release the farmers. Stevens subsequently pardoned himself of contempt, but the United States Senate called for his removal over the incident and he was censured by the Secretary of State of the United States who wrote to him that "... your conduct, in that respect, does not therefore meet with
5893-430: The walls. The Jennie arrived on March 28, 1856. By that time, 350 soldiers and volunteers already on the scene under the command of Lt. Philip Sheridan had defeated and dispersed the Native Americans. Jenny Clark ’s company of late-arriving volunteers were greeted with jeers from the troops who had done the fighting. Jennie Clark then returned to Portland in four hours and 45 minutes, considered remarkable time for
5976-426: The war wound to a close, Kamiakin fled north to British Columbia . Leschi was twice tried for murder by the territorial government (his first trial resulted in a hung jury ), convicted the second time, and then hanged outside Fort Steilacoom, the U.S. Army having refused to allow his execution to occur on Army property as military commanders considered him a lawful combatant . (In 2004 a Historical Court, convened by
6059-426: Was William H. Gray . She died in 1932. In December 1907, Kamm was "run down by a reckless bicycle rider" in Portland. Another report described the bicyclist as a "careless boy bicyclist"; Kamm was confined to his bed for many days. Kamm became ill on 1 December 1912, "being an invalid" since the 1907 bicycle wreck. By December 13, The Oregonian reported he "may only live a few hours", stating his condition
6142-613: Was "sinking rapidly". The following day, he entered a coma and died. He was buried at the River View Cemetery in Portland. At time of death, his estate was valued at approximately $ 4 million. Aside from the Jacob Kamm home and property, he also owned a half-block building at Front and Pine, a quarter block at Third and Yamhill, a quarter block at First and Washington, the Vancouver Transportation Company ,
6225-579: Was a "heavy stockholder" in the First National Bank of Astoria, and a "heavy stockholder" in the First National Bank of Portland. He also owned valuable property on Market Street in San Francisco . At the time of his death, the Vancouver Transportation Company operated two ships: the Lurline and Undine on routes between Portland and Astoria . In 1929, E.W. Wright, a marine historian, wrote that Kamm
6308-499: Was a prominent early transportation businessman in Oregon , USA. Kamm was born on 12 December 1823, in Canton of Glarus , Switzerland . His family migrated to America when he was 8 to Illinois , St. Louis and then New Orleans . He worked as a printer's devil beginning at age 12. A story repeated after Kamm's death was that a thief stole $ 12 from him in 1837, leading Kamm to work on
6391-488: Was carried on by the steamers Rival and Express . In October 1858, a new sternwheel steamer, the Carrie Ladd , was completed at Oregon City for Jacob Kamm, John C. Ainsworth, and their associates. On Thursday October 28, 1858, Jennie Clark towed the new steamer downriver to Portland to have the machinery installed. On Friday evening, November 16, 1860, at about 6:00 p.m., when running upriver from Portland, at
6474-565: Was further perturbed at the lack of a military escort afforded him during his dangerous passage through Walla Walla and went on to denounce Wool for "the criminal neglect of my safety." Oregon Governor Curry joined his Washington counterpart in demanding Wool's dismissal. (The matter came to a head in the fall of 1856 and Wool was reassigned by the Army to command of the Eastern Department.) In late January 1856, Stevens arrived in Seattle aboard
6557-655: Was met and turned back at the edge of Yakama territory by a large group of Yakama warriors. As Haller withdrew, his company was engaged and routed by the Yakama at the Battle of Toppenish Creek . The death of Bolon and the United States defeat at Toppenish Creek caused panic across the Washington Territory, provoking fears that an Indian uprising was in progress. The same news emboldened the Yakama and many uncommitted bands rallied to Kamiakin. Rains, who had just 350 federal troops under his immediate command, urgently appealed to Acting Governor Charles Mason (Isaac Stevens
6640-598: Was one of "two outstanding figures whose leadership in Columbia river steamboating will never be disputed". Yakima War The Yakima War (1855–1858), also referred to as the Plateau War or Yakima Indian War , was a conflict between the United States and the Yakama , a Sahaptian-speaking people of the Northwest Plateau , then part of Washington Territory , and the tribal allies of each. It primarily took place in
6723-527: Was so great that the various and penetrating odors permeating the food she had brought us was no bar to our relish for it as I remember. Leschi would later express regret for the raid on the White River settlements and post-war accounts given by Nisqually in his band affirmed that the chief had rebuked his commanders who had organized the attack. Army Captain Maurice Maloney, in command of a reinforced company of 243 men, had previously been sent east to cross
6806-736: Was still returning from Washington, D.C. where he had traveled to present the treaties to the Senate for ratification) for military aid, writing that ... all the disposable force in the district will at once take the field, and I have the honor to make a requisition upon you for two companies of volunteers to take the field the earliest possible moment. The composition of these companies to be as follows: One Captain, one First Lieutenant and one Second Lieutenant, two musicians, four Sergeants, four Corporals and seventy four privates. The greatest exertions should be made to raise and equip these companies at once. Meanwhile, Oregon Governor George Law Curry mobilized
6889-566: Was then known as Monticello. The Express had been originally intended to run on this route, but was prevented from doing so by an accident, apparently the sinking the previous fall. The owners of Jennie Clark held a contract to carry the mails from Portland to Monticello, where they went overland to Olympia. Once Jennie Clark was on the route, mail took 36 hours to reach Olympia from Portland. In June 1861, Jennie Clark , under Capt. R. Hoyt, left Hoyt’s wharf boat in Portland every morning, except Sundays, at 6:00 a.m. for Longview, carrying
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